Fig. 6-7TEM of a plasmamembrane

(a)

(b) Structure of the plasma membrane

Outside of cell

Inside ofcell 0.1 µm

Hydrophilicregion

Hydrophobicregion

Hydrophilicregion Phospholipid Proteins

Carbohydrate side chain

AP Biology – Tour of the Cell Diagrams

Fig. 6-8Surface area increases while

total volume remains constant

5

11

6 150 750

125 1251

6 61.2

Total surface area[Sum of the surface areas(height width) of all boxessides number of boxes]

Total volume[height width length number of boxes]

Surface-to-volume(S-to-V) ratio[surface area ÷ volume]

Fig. 6-9a

ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (ER)

Smooth ERRough ERFlagellum

Centrosome

CYTOSKELETON:

Microfilaments

Intermediatefilaments

Microtubules

Microvilli

Peroxisome

MitochondrionLysosome

Golgiapparatus

Ribosomes

Plasma membrane

Nuclearenvelope

Nucleolus

Chromatin

NUCLEUS

Fig. 6-9b

NUCLEUS

Nuclear envelopeNucleolusChromatin

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Ribosomes

Central vacuole

Microfilaments

Intermediate filamentsMicrotubules

CYTO-SKELETON

Chloroplast

PlasmodesmataWall of adjacent cell

Cell wall

Plasma membrane

Peroxisome

Mitochondrion

Golgiapparatus

Fig. 6-10

NucleolusNucleus

Rough ER

Nuclear lamina (TEM)

Close-up of nuclear envelope

1 µm

1 µm

0.25 µm

Ribosome

Pore complex

Nuclear pore

Outer membraneInner membraneNuclear envelope:

Chromatin

Surface ofnuclear envelope

Pore complexes (TEM)

Fig. 6-11

Cytosol

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

Free ribosomes

Bound ribosomes

Large subunit

Small subunit

Diagram of a ribosomeTEM showing ER and ribosomes

0.5 µm

Fig. 6-12Smooth ER

Rough ER Nuclear envelope

Transitional ER

Rough ERSmooth ERTransport vesicle

RibosomesCisternaeER lumen

200 nm

Fig. 6-13

cis face(“receiving” side of Golgi apparatus) Cisternae

trans face(“shipping” side of Golgi apparatus)

TEM of Golgi apparatus

0.1 µm

Fig. 6-14

Nucleus 1 µm

Lysosome

Digestiveenzymes

Lysosome

Plasmamembrane

Food vacuole

(a) Phagocytosis

Digestion

(b) Autophagy

Peroxisome

Vesicle

Lysosome

Mitochondrion

Peroxisomefragment

Mitochondrionfragment

Vesicle containingtwo damaged organelles

1 µm

Digestion

Fig. 6-17

Free ribosomesin the mitochondrial matrix

Intermembrane spaceOuter membrane

Inner membraneCristae

Matrix

0.1 µm

Fig. 6-18

Ribosomes

Thylakoid

Stroma

Granum

Inner and outer membranes

1 µm

Fig. 6-21

VesicleATP

Receptor for motor protein

Microtubuleof cytoskeleton

Motor protein (ATP powered)

(a)

Microtubule Vesicles

(b)

0.25 µm

Table 6-1

10 µm 10 µm 10 µm

Column of tubulin dimers

Tubulin dimer

Actin subunit

25 nm

7 nm

Keratin proteins

Fibrous subunit (keratins coiled together)

8–12 nm

Fig. 6-22Centrosome

Microtubule

Centrioles

0.25 µm

Longitudinal section of one centriole

Microtubules Cross sectionof the other centriole

Fig. 6-24

0.1 µm

Triplet

(c) Cross section of basal body

(a) Longitudinal section of cilium

0.5 µm

Plasma membrane

Basal body

Microtubules

(b) Cross section of cilium

Plasma membrane

Outer microtubule doublet

Dynein proteins

Central microtubuleRadial spoke

Protein cross-linking outer doublets

0.1 µm

Fig. 6-25Microtubuledoublets

Dyneinprotein

ATP

ATP

(a) Effect of unrestrained dynein movement

Cross-linking proteinsinside outer doublets

Anchoragein cell

(b) Effect of cross-linking proteins

1 3

2

(c) Wavelike motion

Fig, 6-27a

Muscle cell

Actin filament

Myosin filamentMyosin arm

(a) Myosin motors in muscle cell contraction

Fig. 6-28

Secondary cell wallPrimary cell wall

Middle lamella

Central vacuoleCytosol

Plasma membrane

Plant cell walls

Plasmodesmata

1 µm

Fig. 6-30

EXTRACELLULAR FLUIDCollagen

Fibronectin

Plasmamembrane

Micro-filaments

CYTOPLASM

Integrins

Proteoglycancomplex

Polysaccharidemolecule

Carbo-hydrates

Coreprotein

Proteoglycanmolecule

Proteoglycan complex

Fig. 6-32

Tight junction

0.5 µm

1 µmDesmosome

Gap junction

Extracellularmatrix

0.1 µm

Plasma membranesof adjacent cells

Spacebetweencells

Gapjunctions

Desmosome

Intermediatefilaments

Tight junction

Tight junctions preventfluid from movingacross a layer of cells