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FIFTH GRADE
Social StudiesWeek Two
Using the map above, what mountain range must the
pioneers cross when on the Oregon Trail?
The Rocky Mountains
What city was known as the “Gateway to the West”
because it was where pioneers came to form wagon trains and leave
on their trip west?
St. Louis, Missouri
Why was it important for settlers heading to
Oregon to leave from Missouri in the Spring?
They wanted to get through the Rocky Mountains before winter.
Why did the trails to the West often follow
riverbeds?
These routes were generally easier than going over the
mountains.
How did climate in the west affect the pioneers’
trips?
Hot, dry summers brought droughts, dust storms and insects. Winters brought snow that caused spring
floods. Storms brought tornadoes and hail which could ruin crops.
What Native American resource on the Great
Plains did settlers hunt to near extinction?
The bison or buffalo
Where were many Native Americans forced to live
when they were driven off their land?
Reservations
What was the most positive impact that the trans-
continental railroad had on the growth of the
West?
It was an easy way to travel
and a cheaper way to get cattle and goods to
markets.
How did the development of the railroads impact
immigration to the United States?
Immigration increased due to the high demand
for low-cost labor to build the
railroads.
How did railroads impact the environment?
More fuel was needed which meant more mining which
stripped the land. More factories were built which polluted the air
and water.
What widely used invention created conflict
between ranchers and farmers in the West?
Barbed wire for fencing
Why were Native American driven out of the Black
Hills?
Silver was discovered there and the settlers wanted the land.
What cultural group which lived in the Southwest were driven
from their land and discriminated against after the
Mexican War?
Mexican Americans
Which battle ended Native American resistance to the Reservation policy?
Wounded Knee-South Dakota
What was the name of the school where Native American children were sent to learn the “ways of
white children”?
The Carlisle School in Pennsylvania
What was the name of Henry Ford’s method
of building cars that was quicker and made cars
cost less?
The moving assembly line
What were two forms of communication invented
during the Industrial Revolution and who
invented them?
•Telegraph – Samuel Morse•Telephone – Alexander
Graham Bell
Who invented the electric light bulb?
Thomas Edison
Who used the Bessemer Process to convert iron (a raw material) to steel
(consumer product)?
Andrew Carnegie
How did electricity positively impact the
U.S. economy during the Industrial Revolution?
Electricity improved productivity of factories,
transportation with streetcars, and made life easier
at home with vacuum cleaners and washing machines.