FIFTH GRADE ENGLISH

What is a Sentence1. A sentence is a complete thought

2. A sentence must have a subject. The subject will be a noun or a pronoun

3. A sentence must have a predicate. The predicate will be an action verb, a linking verb, or a helping verb/action verb

4. A sentence must begin with a capital letter.

5. A sentence must have punctuation.

6. A fragment: an incomplete thought A BROKEN SENTENCE

7. A run-on sentence: a sentence which continues and continues and continues….on and on and on

Building a SentenceSubject of the sentence: al l the words that tell whom or what the

sentence is about: Simple subject and Complete subject

2. Predicate: the verb and all the words that tell about the verb

3. Phrases: give more description within the sentence

4. Adjectives: describes the noun or pronoun

5. Adverbs: describes the verb, an adjective, or another adverb

6. Direct object: a word that receives the action of a verb

7. Indirect object: a word or group of words that tells whom or what an action is performed…An indirect object usually comes between a direct object and a verb

Here’s how it works!Subject: Jack

Predicate: told

Phrase: about the magic frog

Adjective: little

Adverb: quietly

Direct object: story

Indirect object: boy

Jack quietly told the little boy the story about the magic frog.

Try Again….Subject: Katie

Predicate: offered

Phrase: to keep her warm

Adjective: old, brown

Adverb: lovingly

Direct object: coat

Indirect object: girl

Katie lovingly offered the girl her old brown coat to keep her warm.

4 Types of SentencesDeclarative: A sentence that makes a statement…a declaration.

Declarative sentences end with a period.

The horse won the race by a large margin.

Interrogative: A sentence that asks a question. Interrogative sentences end with a ?

May I borrow that book to read?

Imperative: A sentence that makes a command or request. Imperative sentences end with a period. In many imperative sentences the subject is understood to be (you)

Tell me the answer tomorrow.

(You) tell me the answer tomorrow.

One more and then practiceExclamatory : A sentences that is written to show emotions

and feelings. An exclamatory sentence end s with an !.

That was really an exciting stunt that he performed!

Now let’s converse in sentence types:

Declarative…Imperative…Exclamatory…Interrogative

Interrogative…Declarative…Exclamatory…Imperative

Exclamatory..Interrogative..Imperative…Declarative

Simple Subject/Simple PredicateIt is just the BARE BASIC

Simple Subject: Just the “character” of the sentence…who the sentence is about

Simple Predicate: Just the main action or state of being of the sentence

Sentence: Around the corner, little Billy Brown, ran into his best friend Fred.

Simple Subject: Billy Brown

Simple Predicate: ran

HELP…..SOME CLUES

• A subject must be a NOUN or a PRONOUN• Noun: Person, Place, Object, Idea, Emotion• Subject pronouns: I, You, He, She, It, We, You, They• Action verb: RUN, JUMP, LAUGH, THROW…• State of Being Verb: is, am, was, were, have, has, had, are• Verb phrase: action verb plus state of being verb• Ex: is going, was running, have taken,• Of is a preposition…subject will not be in a prepositional

phrase: • Other prepositions: along, besides, around, through

Complete Subject/Complete Predicate

From Simple Subject to Complete Subject: From basic to detail

Simple Subject:: Main character of the sentence, what the sentence is about

Simple Subject: Olivia

Complete Subject: Details about the “main character”

Olivia, with the curly brown hair and freckled nose,

Simple Predicate: Main verb of the sentence: shows action or state of being

Simple Predicate: rode

Complete Predicate: Details about the action or state of being

rode her bicycle to school for the very first time.

Olivia, with the curly brown hair and freckled nose/rode her bicycle to school for the very first time.

SUBJECTS IN DECLARATIVE AND IMPERATIVE SENTENCES

• Declarative sentence; a sentence that simply makes a statement. Subject will usually come before the verb.

• Imperative sentence: a sentence that makes a command or request. Subject is understood to be (You). You is not stated in the sentence.

• I walked my dog around the block.• Simple subject? Simple predicate? Type of sentence

• Stop talking right now. • Simple subject? Simple predicate? Type of sentence

• Look for me at the movies.• Simple subject? Simple predicate? Type of sentence

COMPOUND SENTENCES

• Writing good sentences…not too long…not too short…just right

• Short, choppy, sentences may be combined with another sentence IF they have related ideas. Use a conjunction to combine the sentences.

• Example: I love history. Fred loves math.• I love history, but Fred loves math.(NOTICE THE

COMMA)

Connect me with a CONJUNCTION

Conjunction: a word that connects words or groups of words in a sentence

What is connected?two subjects: Mary and I

two verbs: laughed and criedTwo subjects and two verbs: Mary and I laughed and cried

about the lost dog. two sentences: Mary laughed loudly. I laughed loudly. Mary

and I laughed loudly.Other words in a sentence: In case of a fire walk silently but

quickly out of the building.

MOST COMMON CONJUNCTIONS: and, but, orAnd: joins similar ideasBut: shows contrastOr: shows choice

Clauses: I am Independent….I am Dependent

Clause: A group of related words that contains both a subject and a predicateAn Independent clause: A clause that expresses a complete thought, can stand alone as a sentence. Example: Sammy likes to eat pizza, but Joe likes to eat hamburger.A Dependent clause: Does not express a complete thought..an empty thought…cannot stand by itself as a complete sentenceExample: After I stopped screaming, I started laughing I was afraid because I couldn’t see anything.