Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
BIOMANUFACTURING
FIBERSBY KATHY RUCKER, Bioscience
Photo by https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiber
FIBERS
– Definition: They are thin hair like material. The American English spelling is Fiber and International English spelling is Fiber. They form the building blocks from which yarn and fabric are made.
– Pictures by http://www.overstock.com/Home-Garden/Area-Rugs/Synthetic-Fiber,/material,/244/cat.html
– Definition By https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiber
Forms of Fibers
– Natural– Animal Fiber– Mineral Fiber– Vegetable Fiber– Wood Fiber– Geological Processes– Natural Polymers
– Synthetic– Petrochemical Substances– Microfiber– Tricot Fabric
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiber
Natural Fiber
What is Natural Fiber?
Natural fibers are non-synthetic hair-like similar to thread. They are produced from plants, animals, mineral sources, wood fibers, natural polymers and geological processes.
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/fiber
Types of Natural Fiber
– Animal Fiber (another name Fiber Crop) is proteins:
– Wool
– Hair
– Feathers
– Silk
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page
Animal Fiber
Four types of Angora Rabbit breeds: English, French, Satin and Giant.
Angora Goat:
Another name Mohair (Kid Mohair is the finest grade)
Source/pictures: http://www.numei.com/fiber-facts.html
Animal Fiber
Camel Family
Other names are Alpaca, Llama, and Vicuna. Cashmere (Fiber of Kings)
Sheep (Different Grades)
Silk (70-75% of actual fiber fibroin)
Source/pictures: http://www.numei.com/fiber-facts.html
Types of Natural Fiber– Plant Fiber (another name Vegetable
Fiber) is cellulose:
– Cotton
– Flax
– Hemp
– Bamboo
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/fiber
Plant Fiber
Cotton
Hemp
Piictures: http://www.numei.com/fiber-facts.html
Flax
Picture: bandhinihomeweardesign.blogspot.com
Bamboo
Picture: www.hd-wallpapers.com
Types of Natural Fiber
– Mineral Fiber (asbestos)
Source: http://www.numei.com/fiber-facts.html
Picture: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asbestos
– Wood Fiber (tree source)
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wood_fibre
Picture: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wood#Uses
Type of Natural FiberGeological Processes (natural
sources that shapes the earth:– Plate Tectonics: the outer layer of the earth.
– Picture by www.geobus.org.uk
– Chemical Weathering: the breaking down of rocks, soil, and minerals.
– Pictrue by https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weathering#Chemical_weathering
– Sedimentation (Deposition): the flowing water to suspensions of dust and pollen particles.
Picture: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sedimentation
Sources: http://www.numei.com/fiber-facts.html
Type of Natural FiberNatural Polymers, another name is
Biopolymers (all living things):
– Cellulose
Photo by www.rawdenim.com
– Starch
Photo by https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starch
– Protein
Photo by innovative-results.com
– Cellulose Nitrate 1882
– Cellulose Acetate 1930s
Synthetic Fiber
What is Synthetic Fiber?
Synthetic fibers was invented in the early 1880s by Joseph Swan. It was form through chemical modifying from tree bark (cellulose liquid). Non-natural fiber.
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page
Synthetic Fiber Chemical ProcessTwo types of Synthetic Fiber:
Step-growth Polymerization:
–Group of people are used to form a human chain
Picture and Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiber
Chain-growth Polymerization:
–Chain Initiation
–Chain Propagation
–Chain Transfer
–Chain Termination
Types of Synthetic Fibers and Polymers
– Rayon
– Nylon
– Polyester
– Acrylic (85% acrylonitrile)
– Plastic (synthetic polymer)
– Pictures and source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page
Micro Fibers and Tricot FabricSynthetic Fibers
– Micro Fiber (1/5 the size of human hair)
Pictures and source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page
– Tricot Fabric (lingerie)
Photo by : www.fabric.com
Natural Fiber vs. Synthetic Fiber Source: http://textilelearner.blogspot.com/2015/08/difference-between-natural-fiber-and.htmlPhotos By Rana Sohel, Sunman Textile Mills Ltd. Chittagong
Fiber ComparisonSource: http://textilefashionstudy.com/difference-between-natural-fiber-and-synthetic-fiber/
September 3, 2012, Natural and Synthetic Fiber
Natural1. Comes from nature
2. Length nature
3. Staple or filament
4. Some short staple fibers are found with long staple fibers
5. No spinning process
Synthetic1. Completely man-made
2. Length man-made
3. Filament sometimes converted to staple or cut length
4. Short or long staple fiber, depending on what man want
5. Spinning process needed
Comparison Continue:Source: http://textilefashionstudy.com/difference-between-natural-fiber-and-synthetic-fiber/ September 3, 2012, Natural and Synthetic Fiber
6. No chemical solution
7. More comfortable to wear
8. Dust and impurities (liquid, gas, or solid) may be in fiber
9. Not possible to change in structure
10. Natural color
11. Contains natural crimp
12. Hydrophilic in nature
6.Chemical solution needed
7.Not as comfortable as natural products
8.No dust or impurities
9.Easy to change in structure
10.Colors are added in the solution
11.After spinneret, crimp is applied on filament
12.Hydrophobic
Comparison Conclusion:Source: http://textilefashionstudy.com/difference-between-natural-fiber-and-synthetic-fiber/ September 3, 2012, Natural and Synthetic Fiber
13.Need scouring and bleaching
14.Easy to dye
15.Ash after burning (most cases)
16.Smell after burning is hair or paper
17.Higher cost
18.Environment friendly
19.A great demand as human wear
20.Less durable
21.Use are limited
13.Very few scouring and bleaching
14.Not easy to dye
15.Melt after burning
16.Chemical smell after burning
17.Less cost
18.Not environment friendly
19.Widely used in ever day life except human wear
20.More durable
21.Use in multi task
New Fiber Creations
– Spider Silk (June 25, 2014): http://www.livescience.com/46519-spider-silk-bulletproof-clothing.html
– Dragon Silk (July 12, 2016): http://www.defenseone.com/technology/2016/07/army-testing-genetically-engineered-spider-silk-body-armor/129814//
– Wood Base Polymers (May 7, 2016): http://phys.org/news/2016-03-treeing-team-documents-wood-based-polymers.html
– Carbon Fiber Future (March 9, 2016): http://www.livescience.com/53995-carbon-fiber-may-finally-be-coming-to-cars-everywhere.html
– Sea Snails (February 17, 2015): http://www.livescience.com/49844-limpet-teeth-strongest-natural-material.html
– Electric Eel (January 21, 2016): http://www.livescience.com/53448-charging-fiber-powers-wearable-devices.html
– Geopolymer (April 8, 2016): https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/04/160408102227.htm
Fiber Processing Companies Georgia
Southeastern Reduction CompanySince 1946 process fiber from pecan shell:309 South Lee StreetValdosta, GA 31601P: 229-259-0111F: 229-249-0370Hours: M-F; 8-5Email: [email protected]://georgiapecancorp.com/southeastern-reduction-company/
Tintoria Piana U.S., Inc.
Specialized in dyeing and chemical application for natural and synthetic staple fibers.220 South Erwin StreetCartersville, GA 30120 UST: 770-382-1395F: 770-382-6457E: [email protected]://tintoriapiana.com/#about
Fiber Processing Companies Georgia
Aladdin Manufacturing Corp:
Mohawk Industries is the largest flooring manufacturer in the world.243 Huffaker Road NwRome, GA 30165 Phone: (706) 235-8215Web: www.mohawkind.com
Fiber Processing Companies Other
Fiber Associationshttp://www.fibersource.com/afma/af
ma.htm– American Fiber Manufacturers
AssociationAFMA3033 Wilson Boulevard, Suite 700,
Arlington, VA 22201Telephone at 703-875-0432FAX at 703-875-0907Email at [email protected]
– Fiber Economics Bureau
– Manufactured Fiber Handbook
– World Directory of Manufactured Fiber Producers
Fiber Economics Bureau 3033 Wilson Blvd. - Suite 700
Arlington, VA 22201Telephone: 703-875-0676 • Fax: 703-
875-0675 • E-mail: [email protected]
New Fiber Creations
– Spider Silk (June 25, 2014): http://www.livescience.com/46519-spider-silk-bulletproof-clothing.html
– Dragon Silk (July 12, 2016): http://www.defenseone.com/technology/2016/07/army-testing-genetically-engineered-spider-silk-body-armor/129814//
– Carbon Fiber Future (March 9, 2016): http://www.livescience.com/53995-carbon-fiber-may-finally-be-coming-to-cars-everywhere.html
– Sea Snails (February 17, 2015): http://www.livescience.com/49844-limpet-teeth-strongest-natural-material.html
– Electric Eel (January 21, 2016): http://www.livescience.com/53448-charging-fiber-powers-wearable-devices.html
– Geopolymer (April 8, 2016): https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/04/160408102227.htm
Which would I choose Natural Fiber or Synthetic Fiber?
Which would you prefer?
Do You Have Any Questions?
