Office of Freight Management and Operations 1200 New Jersey Avenue SE Washington, D.C. 20590 www.ops.fhwa.dot.gov/freight 202-366-9210

FHWA’s Freight Fluidity Program – Measuring Supply Chains to Inform Planning and Investment

Federal Highway Administration Office of Freight Management and Operations

What is freight fluidity?

Public Sector Decision-Making

• National – National priorities and investments – National Strategic Freight Plan – Conditions and Performance Report – Programs and funding

• State and Region – State and regional transportation plans – State Freight Plans – Investments (Capital and Operational) – Economic development, corridor development

• Local – Use of highway funding for investments (Capital and Operational) – Economic development – Local plans and programs

Public Sector Freight Performance Measurement • Highway

– Truck Travel Time – Truck Counts

• Railroad – Shipper information (Waybill), tonnage, value and limited O/D.

• Air Cargo -Landing weights at cargo bearing airports

• Marine – Tonnage and Value – Vessel probe data – not public, not used

• Freight Analysis Framework – Commodity Flow Survey – Truck Counts

How Decision-Makers Make Freight Decisions • Limited data (probe, truck counts, safety)

• Anecdotal

• Use of freight plans

• Use of overall traffic models, not very freight specific

• Project specific

Freight Fluidity – User Perspective

• Provides understanding of multimodal, end to end flow of goods.

• Identifies where bottlenecks are occurring and interrelationship with other modes/total supply chains.

• Connects transportation and economic development discussions.

• Illustrates the global, national and regional nature of freight infrastructure; encourage partnerships.

• Engages the private sector.

• Supports MAP-21 focus on freight.

• Supports Commerce, USACE, Agriculture, Energy and USDOT initiatives.

FHWA’s Current Uses of Probe Data for Freight

• Support the Freight Performance Measurement (FPM) Program

• Support FHWA and USDOT freight performance monitoring and analysis of freight significant corridors and locations.

• Provide analysis of origins and destinations, incidents, weather impacts, congestion.

• Support supply chain/key freight corridor analyses for North America.

• NPMRDS Travel Time Data: a national data set free for use by federal, state and regional partners.

Example of FHWA Probe Coverage

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Freight Movement Efficiency Index

County Intensity Example

CORRIDORS IMPORT: ASIA-PACIFIC

PRINCE RUPERT

VANCOUVER • Hong Kong • Shanghai • Qingdao • Tokyo

Calgary Winnipeg Toronto Montreal Chicago

Economic Analysis Directorate Source: Transport Canada - Economic Analysis & Research

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PHASE 2 CORRIDORS: CONTINENTAL

Calgary Winnipeg Toronto Montreal Chicago

• Antwerp • Valencia

MONTREAL Toronto Chicago

Supply Chain Multi Modal Components

Ocean & Port

Ocean transit [1]

Rail Trucking Logistics and Warehousing

Truck from marine terminal to origin rail yard [1]

Marine Terminal Dwell [2]

Dwell at dest. rail yard [4]

Rail transit time (intra-urban) [2]

Dwell at origin rail yard [1]

Dwell at transload facility

Rail transit time (inter-urban) [3]

Air

Air transit [2]

Dwell at origin airport [1]

Dwell at destination airport [3]

Truck from marine terminal to end customer [2]

Truck from marine terminal to transload facility [3]

Truck from transload facility to origin rail yard [4]

Truck from transload facility to end customer [5]

Truck from shipper warehouse to origin airport [6]

Truck from destination airport to DC/warehouse [8]

Dwell at secondary destination airport[4]

Truck from primary destination airport to secondary destination

airport[7]

13 Source: Transport Canada - Economic Analysis & Research

Supply Chains – Various Models (B.C. ports) SUPPLY CHAIN 1 + +

+ + + +

+ + + + + +

+

+ + + +

+

+

+

+

+ + + + +

Direct rail

Pure Rail via intermodal yard

Rail via intermodal yard- Drayage

Transload - Rail

All-Truck

Transload - Truck

SUPPLY CHAIN 2

SUPPLY CHAIN 3

SUPPLY CHAIN 4

SUPPLY CHAIN 5

SUPPLY CHAIN 6

Economic Analysis Directorate

1 2 3 4

1 2

1 2

1 2

1 2

1 2

3 4 1 1

1 2 3 4

3 4 3 4 1

2

3 5

SUPPLY CHAIN 7

SUPPLY CHAIN 8

+ + + +

+ + + + + +

6

6

8

8

1

1 2

2

3

3

7 4

Direct air

Dual airport

53%

2%

14%

18%

8%

5%

N/A

N/A Source: Transport Canada - Economic Analysis & Research

0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

Days

of T

rans

it

Week of the Year

2012 Weekly Rail Transit time: PV to Various Destinations

Destination 1

Destination 2

Source: Transport Canada - Economic Analysis & Research

Canadian Example

9-day strike: May 23, 2012, Week 20

Return to Normal: Week 28

Residual effects Trend

Source: Transport Canada Fluidity database.

Fluidity Applications Throughout the U.S.

• Federal – FHWA TRB workshop – FHWA/DOC/I-95 Analysis – North American Transportation Statistics Interchange – North American Fluidity System implementation

• Regional, Corridor and State – Border crossing (Texas) – Arizona border fluidity – State-level (Maryland, Florida) – Metropolitan projects (Chicago)

Fluidity Examples

Multimodal Supply Chain Case Studies

• Autos – General Motors auto parts – From US and NAFTA suppliers to auto assembly plant in Tennessee

• Retail – Target® consumer goods – From Ports of Los Angeles/Long Beach and Seattle/Tacoma via

Chicago to metropolitan New York

• Electronics – Panasonic electronics – Between manufacturing and assembly facilities in San Diego and

Tijuana

• Agriculture – Soybean exports – From Illinois farms to Louisiana port

• Food – Perdue processed chicken – From Delmarva region to Mid-Atlantic markets

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Retail Supply Chain (Target)

19

Retail Supply Chain Measures Seattle to New York

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Links and Nodes Sources Notes West Coast port (Seattle) Dray move ATRI, Chainalytics Transload or Consolidation Center Dray move ATRI, Chainalytics West Coast rail intermodal terminal TransCore, Chainalytics Rail move TransCore, Chainalytics Midwest rail intermodal interchange TransCore, Chainalytics Rail move Available for purchase East Coast rail intermodal terminal Available for purchase Dray move ATRI, Chainalytics East Coast Regional Distribution Center Truck P&D move ATRI, Chainalytics Retail Store

Retail Supply Chain Performance Seattle to New York

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Links and Nodes Transit Time/Dwell Time

(Hours) Reliability

(95% travel time) Cost

(2014 $’s) West Coast port (Seattle)

Dray move 1.0 1.4 $299

Transload or Consolidation Center

Dray move 1.0 2.25 $308

West Coast rail intermodal terminal 20

Rail move 104 154 $3,178

Midwest rail intermodal interchange 71 160

Rail move

East Coast rail intermodal terminal

Dray move 1.1 1.4 $318

East Coast Regional Distribution Center

Truck P&D move 6.0 9.5 $775

Retail Store

Totals $4,878

Estimated using ATRI data for truck transit times, TransCore data for rail times, Chainalytics data for costs. Reliability factor for Midwest interchange was produced for sum of West Coast plus Midwest dwell, but most of delay is in Midwest (Chicago)

Retail Supply Chain Measures Los Angeles/Long Beach to New York

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Links and Nodes Source Notes West Coast port Dray move ATRI, Chainalytics

Transload or Consolidation Center Dray move ATRI, Chainalytics

West Coast rail intermodal terminal Available for purchase Rail move Available for purchase Midwest rail intermodal interchange Available for purchase Rail move Available for purchase East Coast rail intermodal terminal Available for purchase

Dray move ATRI, Chainalytics

East Coast Regional Distribution Center Truck P&D move ATRI, Chainalytics

Retail Store

Retail Supply Chain Performance Los Angeles/Long Beach to New York

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Links and Nodes Transit Time/Dwell Time

(Hours) Reliability

(95% travel time) Cost

(2014 $’s) West Coast port (LA/SB)

Dray move 1.3 1.8 $326

Transload or Consolidation Center

Dray move 0.4 0.5 $259

West Coast rail intermodal terminal

Rail move $3,742

Midwest rail intermodal interchange

Rail move

East Coast rail intermodal terminal

Dray move 1.1 1.4 $318

East Coast Regional Distribution Center

Truck P&D move 6.0 9.5 $775

Retail Store

Totals $5,420

Estimated using ATRI data for truck transit times, Chainalytics for costs

Electronics Supply Chain (Panasonic)

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Border Crossing Otay Mesa

Production Facility

San Diego, CA

Production Facility

Tijuana, Mexico

Electronics Supply Chain Measures

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Links and Nodes Sources Notes Panasonic San Diego Facility Truckload move Google travel time data

Otay Mesa International Border Crossing

FHWA Cross-Border Travel Time Study*

Queuing and crossing time available from carriers and ATRI on case-by-case basis; no consistent national database

Truckload move Google travel time data Panasonic Tijuana Facility

* Estimated using data from Measuring Cross-Border Travel Times for Freight: Otay Mesa International Border Crossing, (Final Report), prepared by Delcan for FHWA, September 2010

Electronics Supply Chain Performance

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Links and Nodes

Transit Time/ Dwell Time

(Hours) Reliability

(95% travel time) Cost

(2013) Panasonic San Diego Facility

Truckload move 0.1 hours (6 mins.) 0.5 hours $288

Otay Mesa International Border Crossing 1.1 hours* 2.7 hours*

Truckload move 0.1 hours (6 mins.) 0.5 hours $442

Panasonic Tijuana Facility Totals 1.3 hours 3.7 hours* $730**

* Estimated using data from Measuring Cross-Border Travel Times for Freight: Otay Mesa International Border Crossing, (Final Report), prepared by Delcan for FHWA, September 2010.

** Preliminary (high) estimate.

North American Fluidity Analysis: Automotive Supply Chain with Border Crossing

FHWA Probe Data Representation of the Same Automotive Supply Chain

Fluidity Next Steps

• Implement U.S. and potential North America fluidity measurement program.

• Work with partners on continued supply chain analysis, state and regional analyses.

• Improve data and analytical options.

• Investigate Big Data – aggregated transactional data options.

For More Information:

• Nicole Katsikides, Freight Performance Measures Program Manager – nicole.katsikides@dot.gov – 202-366-6993

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