Fertigatin and Nutrients in GH

8/14/2019 Fertigatin and Nutrients in GH

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FERTILIZER ANDFERTILIZER ANDNUTRIENTS INNUTRIENTS IN

GREENHOUSEGREENHOUSE

Presentad ByPresentad ByHomayara MomotazHomayara Momotaz

st105600st105600


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Fertilizer is an organic and inorganic material of naturalFertilizer is an organic and inorganic material of natural

or synthetic origin ( other than liming materials) that isor synthetic origin ( other than liming materials) that is

added to a soil supply one or more elements essential to theadded to a soil supply one or more elements essential to the

growth of plants.growth of plants.

Nutrient:Nutrient:

A nutrient is a substance used in and organismsA nutrient is a substance used in and organisms

metabolism or morphology which must be taken in from themetabolism or morphology which must be taken in from the

environment.environment.

GreenhouseGreenhouse

Sophisticated structure providing ideal conditions forSophisticated structure providing ideal conditions for

satisfactory plant growth and production throughout thesatisfactory plant growth and production throughout the

year.year.


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Fertilizer and nutrient in greenhouse related some parameter .They are givenFertilizer and nutrient in greenhouse related some parameter .They are givenbellow:bellow:

Root mediaRoot media

Properties of root mediaProperties of root media

Root media CharacteristicRoot media Characteristic

Root media componentRoot media componentManure &CompostManure &Compost

Essential elementEssential element

Structural elementStructural element

Role of essential elementRole of essential element

Deficiency of essential element & other parameterDeficiency of essential element & other parameter..


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ROOT MEDIA:ROOT MEDIA: Root media plays an important role for the cultivation ofRoot media plays an important role for the cultivation of

crops in pots as well as in the field, known as a growing media forcrops in pots as well as in the field, known as a growing media for

greenhouse cultivation .greenhouse cultivation . It must serve as reservoir for plant nutrients, hold water inIt must serve as reservoir for plant nutrients, hold water in

such a way that is easily available to the plant while providing the path forsuch a way that is easily available to the plant while providing the path for

exchange of gasses between roots and the atmosphere above the rootexchange of gasses between roots and the atmosphere above the root

medium.medium.

It must also provide support to the plant.It must also provide support to the plant. Properties of root media are:Properties of root media are:

1.Stability of organic matter1.Stability of organic matter

2.Maintenance of carbon: nitrogen ratio2.Maintenance of carbon: nitrogen ratio

3.Keeping desirable bulk density3.Keeping desirable bulk density 4.Balance of pH level4.Balance of pH level

5..Higher level of cation exchange capacity5..Higher level of cation exchange capacity


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Root Media:Root Media:

Important properties are given bellow:Important properties are given bellow:

1.Soil texture1.Soil texture2.Soil structure2.Soil structure

3.Soil porosity3.Soil porosity

4.Bulk density4.Bulk density

5. Cation exchange capacity(CEC)5. Cation exchange capacity(CEC)

6. Siol pH6. Siol pH7. Carbon : nitrogen ratio7. Carbon : nitrogen ratio

8.Stability of organic matter8.Stability of organic matter

9.Moisture retention abd aeration9.Moisture retention abd aeration


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COMPONENT OF ROOT MEDIACOMPONENT OF ROOT MEDIA

1.Field soil1.Field soil2.Sphagnum peat moss2.Sphagnum peat moss

3.Bark(0-10mm)3.Bark(0-10mm)

4.Rotted sawdust4.Rotted sawdust

5. Manure5. Manure

6.Vermiculite6.Vermiculite

7. Calcined grade soil7. Calcined grade soil

8. Bark(10-19 mm)8. Bark(10-19 mm)

9. Concrete grade soil9. Concrete grade soil

10.Perlite10.Perlite

11. Polystyrene11. Polystyrene


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MANURE AND COMPOST:MANURE AND COMPOST:

Farmyard manure ( FYM ) has been used in traditional siolFarmyard manure ( FYM ) has been used in traditional siolimprovement.improvement.

The addition of FYM to soil results in increased organic matterThe addition of FYM to soil results in increased organic mattercontent , improved aggregation and water infiltration, decreased bullcontent , improved aggregation and water infiltration, decreased bulldensity and soil crusting.density and soil crusting.

Manure has a high CEC and thus serves as a good reservoir forManure has a high CEC and thus serves as a good reservoir fornutrients.nutrients.

It is a good source of nutrients also; thereby , micronutrientIt is a good source of nutrients also; thereby , micronutrientdeficiencies rarely occur when manure used.deficiencies rarely occur when manure used.

The chemical composition of manure varies , according to theThe chemical composition of manure varies , according to the

type of livestock, its management and the degree of composition.type of livestock, its management and the degree of composition.


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Vegetables, fruit and ornamental crop have higher economicVegetables, fruit and ornamental crop have higher economic

value than other agricultural products. It is economicallyvalue than other agricultural products. It is economically

viable and beneficial to grow horticultural crops inviable and beneficial to grow horticultural crops in

greenhouse.greenhouse.

This valuable crops required 16 essential nutrient.This valuable crops required 16 essential nutrient.

16 essential elements16 essential elementsCarbon(C)Carbon(C)

Hydrogen(H)Hydrogen(H)

Nitrogen (N)Nitrogen (N)

Oxygen(O)Oxygen(O)Phosphorous(P)Phosphorous(P)

Potassium(K)Potassium(K)

Calcium(Ca)Calcium(Ca)


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Magnesium(MgMagnesium(MgSulfer(S)Sulfer(S)

Iron(Fe)Iron(Fe)

Manganese(Mn)Manganese(Mn)

Zinc(Zn)Zinc(Zn)

Copper(Cu)Copper(Cu)

Molybdenum(Mo)Molybdenum(Mo)

Boron(B)Boron(B)

Chlorine(ClChlorine(Cl

1313 Element usually refers to asElement usually refers to as

Mineral Elements/ Mineral NutrientsMineral Elements/ Mineral Nutrients

And commonly divided in to 2 groups according to the quantities require to the plant growth.And commonly divided in to 2 groups according to the quantities require to the plant growth.

Macro Nutrient: N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S &Macro Nutrient: N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S &

Micro Nutrient: Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, M, B, ClMicro Nutrient: Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, M, B, Cl


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Source of mineral element:Source of mineral element:

Generally the growing media in naturally ecosystem mainly theGenerally the growing media in naturally ecosystem mainly the

soil and to some extent atmospheric emissions(N)soil and to some extent atmospheric emissions(N)

In general mineral elements are absorbed in ionic formsIn general mineral elements are absorbed in ionic formsdissolved in water.dissolved in water.

Several processes contribute to uptake of mineral elements andSeveral processes contribute to uptake of mineral elements and

their transport with in the plant.their transport with in the plant.


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Structural elementStructural element C, O, HC, O, H This three are structural component in all organic compounds .This three are structural component in all organic compounds .

More than 95%(w/w) Of the plant tissue (dry matter) consistsMore than 95%(w/w) Of the plant tissue (dry matter) consistsof this three element.of this three element.

C, H and O are largely supplied fromC, H and O are largely supplied from Air( CO2, O2 and water vapor) andAir( CO2, O2 and water vapor) and Water ( H and O dissolved componentWater ( H and O dissolved component C is mainly fixed during photosynthesis fromC is mainly fixed during photosynthesis from

atmospheric CO2atmospheric CO2 Role of C, H and O :Role of C, H and O : C ,H and O component of all organic compound.C ,H and O component of all organic compound.

e.g: 1.Structural component,e.g: 1.Structural component, 2.Enzyme2.Enzyme 3.Organic material etc.3.Organic material etc.


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C: component are generally sources for of allC: component are generally sources for of allmetabolic processemetabolic processe

H: Electrochemical reactions maintaining chargeH: Electrochemical reactions maintaining chargebalances across cell membranesbalances across cell membranes

O: Biological processes ( respiration)O: Biological processes ( respiration)

Uptake mineral nutrients:Uptake mineral nutrients:Mainly via root system by 3 different processesMainly via root system by 3 different processes

InterceptionInterception

Mass flowMass flow

DiffusionDiffusion


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Interception:Interception: The root system is growing toward the nutrientsThe root system is growing toward the nutrients

Mass flow:Mass flow: Soil solution is transported to the roots .Soil solution is transported to the roots . Driving force transpiration of the plants.Driving force transpiration of the plants. Diffusion:Diffusion: Nutrient diffuse to the root surface flowing concentrationNutrient diffuse to the root surface flowing concentration

gradient .gradient .

Driving force active nutrient uptake to the plants.Driving force active nutrient uptake to the plants. Transport mineral nutrient:Transport mineral nutrient: Transportation of mineral nutrient is done byTransportation of mineral nutrient is done by

XylemXylem PhloemPhloem


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Roles of mineral elementsRoles of mineral elements

NN::important component in many compounds, e.g. Chlorophyll,important component in many compounds, e.g. Chlorophyll,

proteins, amino acids, DNA, RNA and various other organicproteins, amino acids, DNA, RNA and various other organicacidsacids

PP:: important for energy transfer processes within the plant andimportant for energy transfer processes within the plant and

as a component of nuclic acids (building blocks of geneticas a component of nuclic acids (building blocks of geneticcode material)code material)

KK: activator of various enzymatic reactions, control of cell: activator of various enzymatic reactions, control of cellturgor (by K movement in and out the cells) and stomataturgor (by K movement in and out the cells) and stomataaperture.aperture.

CaCa:: required for cell wall development, cofactor for manyrequired for cell wall development, cofactor for manyenzymatic reactions, and involved in regulation and signallingenzymatic reactions, and involved in regulation and signallingprocessesprocesses..


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MgMg::central ion in the clorophyll molecule, cofactor for certain enzymaticcentral ion in the clorophyll molecule, cofactor for certain enzymaticreactionsreactions

SS: component of certain amino acids and enzymes, possibly plays a role in: component of certain amino acids and enzymes, possibly plays a role inpollinationpollination

FeFe: component of certain enzymes, required for some enzymatic reacions: component of certain enzymes, required for some enzymatic reacionsand chlorophyll synthesisand chlorophyll synthesis

MnMn:: activates or is involved in several enzymatic reacions (esp. For energyactivates or is involved in several enzymatic reacions (esp. For energytransport processes) involved in the electron transport process intransport processes) involved in the electron transport process in

photosynthesisphotosynthesis

ZnZn: involved in enzyme activation and required for the synthesis of an: involved in enzyme activation and required for the synthesis of animportant growth regulator.important growth regulator.


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CuCu: component of a protein in electron transport process in: component of a protein in electron transport process inphotosynthesis and several enzymesphotosynthesis and several enzymes

MoMo: component of two enzymes in N metabolism: component of two enzymes in N metabolism

Understanding of the roles of Cl and B is not yet conclusiveUnderstanding of the roles of Cl and B is not yet conclusive

ClCl: might be a counterion for K fluxes and plays a possible role in: might be a counterion for K fluxes and plays a possible role inphotosynthesisphotosynthesis

BB: seems to be important the development of meristematic plant: seems to be important the development of meristematic planttissuetissue

SiSi: considered to strengthen the cell walls and increase the: considered to strengthen the cell walls and increase theresitance against plant diseases in certain plant speciesresitance against plant diseases in certain plant species


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Nutrient Deficiency andNutrient Deficiency and

Toxicity Symptoms in Fruit andToxicity Symptoms in Fruit and

Vegetable CropsVegetable Crops

Nitrogen (N): DeficiencyNitrogen (N): Deficiency

Leaves turn pale green toLeaves turn pale green to

yellow.yellow.

Oldest leaves are affected first,Oldest leaves are affected first,but in severe cases thebut in severe cases the wholewhole

plant may be yellow. Growth isplant may be yellow. Growth isusually stunted.usually stunted.

ExcessExcessNitrogen excess canNitrogen excess can

occur with high rates of nitrogenoccur with high rates of nitrogenfertilizer.fertilizer.

The result is usuallyThe result is usually excessive vegetative growth andexcessive vegetative growth and

poor fruit growth.poor fruit growth.Content of Mineral Nutrients in

Dry Plant Tissue

P

lantGr o

wth,Yield

Criti

cal

Defi

ciency

Leve

l

Opti

mal

Leve

l Criti

cal

Toxi

cityLeve

l


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N deficiency in Bananas steam and leafdeficiency in Bananas steam and leafCucumberucumber


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Red veins in tomato leafs anAvocadodRed veins in tomato leafs anAvocadod

Phosphorus (P): DeficiencyPhosphorus (P): Deficiency

Leaves appear reddishpurple.Leaves appear reddishpurple.

Oldest leaves are affected first.Oldest leaves are affected first.Plant growth is stunted.Plant growth is stunted.

Common in acid and alkaline soilsCommon in acid and alkaline soils

or those soils low inor those soils low innativephosphorus.nativephosphorus.

Frequently occurs on cool wet soilsFrequently occurs on cool wet soilsin the spring;in the spring;

.. ExcessExcessHigh rates of phosphorusHigh rates of phosphorus

fertilizer may indufertilizer may induce zinc andce zinc andiron deficienecy.iron deficienecy.


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K deficiency in grape leafsdeficiency in grape leafsK deficiency resulting with cucumber leafdeficiency resulting with cucumber leafbleachingleaching

Potassium (K): DeficiencyPotassium (K): DeficiencyLeaves develop gray or tanLeaves develop gray or tan areasareasnear the margins.near the margins.

Oldest leaves are affected first withOldest leaves are affected first with

characteristic symptoms ofcharacteristic symptoms ofscorching around the leaf margins.scorching around the leaf margins.

Occurs on sandy soils and soils lowOccurs on sandy soils and soils lowin native potassium.in native potassium.

ExcessExcessHigh rates of potassiumHigh rates of potassiumfertilizer can cause salt burn.fertilizer can cause salt burn.

Soils with high potassium levels canSoils with high potassium levels caninduce magnesiuminduce magnesium deficiency ondeficiency onsandy soils.sandy soils.

Without K

With K


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Browning symptom in lettue and blossomrowning symptom in lettue and blossomend rot in sweet peppernd rot in sweet pepper Calcium (Ca): DeficiencyCalcium (Ca): Deficiency

Growing points of plant mayGrowing points of plant may die.die.

Younger leaves are affected.Younger leaves are affected.

Root tips die and root growthRoot tips die and root growth

is slow.is slow.

Tipburn of cabbage, cauliflower,Tipburn of cabbage, cauliflower,lettuce; black heart oflettuce; black heart ofcelery; andcelery; and

blossom end rot of tomatoes are dueblossom end rot of tomatoes are dueto localizedto localized calcium deficiencycalcium deficiencywithin the plant.within the plant.

TThese disorders may occurhese disorders may occur

on high calcium soils.on high calcium soils.

Calcium deficiency may occur onCalcium deficiency may occur onacidacid

and/or dry soils.and/or dry soils.

ExcessExcessNot known to occur inNot known to occur inMinnesotaMinnesota


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B deficiency in petuniadeficiency in petunia

Boron (B): DeficiencyBoron (B): DeficiencyUsually occurs on younger plantUsually occurs on younger plant

tissue. Growing points die andtissue. Growing points die andleaves appear distorted. Mayleaves appear distorted. May

cause hollow stem and internalcause hollow stem and internalbrowning in cauliflower andbrowning in cauliflower and

broccoli; cracked stem in celery;broccoli; cracked stem in celery;internal browning in beets andinternal browning in beets and


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Fe deficiency in Marigolds, Petunia,e deficiency in Marigolds, Petunia,Cleomeleome Iron (Fe): Deficiency

Yellowing between the veins

on youngest leaves;

veins remain green (often referred to as

interveinal chlorosis).Occurs frequently on high pH soils (pH

greater than 7.2).

ExcessRare. High levels of

iron may induce manganese deficiency.


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Mo deficiency in poinsettiao deficiency in poinsettia

Molybdenum (Mo): DeficiencyMolybdenum (Mo): Deficiency

Pale distorted narrowPale distorted narrow

leaves.leaves. Causes whiptail ofCauses whiptail of

cauliflower. Can occur on acidcauliflower. Can occur on acid

soils (pH less than 5.0).soils (pH less than 5.0). ExcessExcess

Rare.Rare.


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Wilted leaves "flagging" onWilted leaves "flagging" on

geraniumsgeraniums

Some other plant disorderSome other plant disorder

Injured roots due to high soluble salts


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Fertigation:Fertigation:

Fertigation is the combined application of (irrigation-)water and dissolvedFertigation is the combined application of (irrigation-)water and dissolved

(fertilizer-)nutrients.(fertilizer-)nutrients.

Basic Fertilizer Programs for Containerized Greenhouse Crops considerBasic Fertilizer Programs for Containerized Greenhouse Crops consider

following point:following point:

1.Fertilizer rate1.Fertilizer rate

2.Fertilizer type2.Fertilizer type 3.Frequency of application3.Frequency of application

4.Volume of fertilizer solution applied4.Volume of fertilizer solution applied

5.Leaching function5.Leaching function

6.Plant growth rate and environmental condition6.Plant growth rate and environmental condition

Fertigation is typically applied in protected cultivation,Fertigation is typically applied in protected cultivation,

mostly in combination with mostly in combination with soilless culturesoilless culture


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Advantages of FertigationAdvantages of Fertigation

Nutrient requirements according to crop stages (teaspoonNutrient requirements according to crop stages (teaspoonfeeding).feeding).

More uniform distribution and closer to root system.More uniform distribution and closer to root system.

Better availability of nutrients to plants.Better availability of nutrients to plants.

Nutrient uptake increases.Nutrient uptake increases.

Reduced application losses of nutrients by leaching.Reduced application losses of nutrients by leaching.

Less costly application labor.Less costly application labor.

Application flexibility (time, weather, soil).Application flexibility (time, weather, soil).


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Fertigation DevicesFertigation Devices Pressure devicesPressure devices

Fertilization tankFertilization tank

Venturi injectorVenturi injector

Hydraulic SystemsHydraulic Systems

QuantitativeQuantitative hydraulic pumphydraulic pumpProportional hydraulic pumpProportional hydraulic pump

Dosing units systemsDosing units systems

PrinciplesPrinciples

Inline-JetInline-Jet

Bypass-JetBypass-Jet


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Fertigation TankFertigation Tank


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Venturi InjectorVenturi Injector


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Proportional Hydraulic PumpProportional Hydraulic Pump


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Quantitative Hydraulic PumpQuantitative Hydraulic Pump


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NMC 64/15 & Dosing SystemNMC 64/15 & Dosing System

The Netaget dosing unit ensuresThe Netaget dosing unit ensures

outstanding accuracy,outstanding accuracy,

homogeneous solution andhomogeneous solution and

simplicitysimplicity

User friendly controllerUser friendly controller

consisting of:consisting of:

Large graphic displayLarge graphic display

Flexible hardware structureFlexible hardware structure

Suitable for Irrigation andSuitable for Irrigation and

climate applicationclimate application


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Dosing UnitsDosing Units

State of the art technology ensuresState of the art technology ensures

precise fertigationprecise fertigation

Unique hydro-mix technologyUnique hydro-mix technology

Dosing channels based on VenturiDosing channels based on Venturi

injector with no moving partsinjector with no moving parts

Quick action valvesQuick action valves

EC/pH measurement and controlEC/pH measurement and control


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Open and closed fertigation systems:Open and closed fertigation systems:

In both systems an excess of nutrient solution is provided toIn both systems an excess of nutrient solution is provided to

prevent water- and nutrient deficiencies and salt accumulationprevent water- and nutrient deficiencies and salt accumulationin the growing mediain the growing media

Open fertigation systemOpen fertigation system

Excess nutrient solution (leachate) is discardedExcess nutrient solution (leachate) is discarded

Closed fertigation systemClosed fertigation system

Leachate is collected, filtered and resupplied into the systemLeachate is collected, filtered and resupplied into the system(recycled)(recycled)


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General prerequisitesGeneral prerequisites

Secure sources (and emergency back up) for the supply ofSecure sources (and emergency back up) for the supply of EnergyEnergy

Water of satisfactory qualityWater of satisfactory quality

Highly soluble fertilizersHighly soluble fertilizers

Possible sources for water supply:Possible sources for water supply:

Surface waterSurface water

Ground water,Ground water,

Spring waterSpring water

Rain water (e. g. runoff of greenhouse roofs),Rain water (e. g. runoff of greenhouse roofs),

Desalinated sea water or tap waterDesalinated sea water or tap water

If nenecessary, water must be treated before applcationIf nenecessary, water must be treated before applcation


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Methods of water supplyMethods of water supply

Standing nutrient solutionStanding nutrient solution

shallow solution / deep solutionshallow solution / deep solution (requires aeration)(requires aeration)

Circulating solutionCirculating solution

(e.g. Nutrient film technique NFT)(e.g. Nutrient film technique NFT)

Flooding systemsFlooding systems

(Single) dripper irrigation(Single) dripper irrigation (applied to single plants / rows / areas)(applied to single plants / rows / areas)


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Fertigation ofertigation ofProtected Cultivationrotected Cultivation


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Fertigation controlFertigation control Parameters:Parameters:

Water quantity (flow rate, duration)Water quantity (flow rate, duration)Fertilizer concentrationFertilizer concentration

Requirements for water and nutrient supplyRequirements for water and nutrient supplymainly depending onmainly depending on

plant species / cultivarplant species / cultivar

plant age / developmental stageplant age / developmental stage

irradiation / temperatureirradiation / temperature

cultural practices Manual Controlcultural practices Manual Control

Timer controlTimer control

Global radiationGlobal radiation

Substrate moistureSubstrate moisture

TranspirationTranspiration

speaking plant conceptspeaking plant concept Methods of fertigation controlMethods of fertigation control


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Fertigation ConceptsFertigation Concepts

Proportional Fe rtigati

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

1 2 3 4 5

Time minutes X10

QuantityofFertilizers

Quantitive Fertigati

0

10

20

30

40

5060

70

1 2 3 4 5

T ime minutes X10

QuantityofFertilize

rs


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NutrigationNutrigation

NutrigationNutrigation ConceptConcept

Netafims Nutrigation SystemsNetafims Nutrigation Systems

offer farmers theoffer farmers the

Ability to have precise controlAbility to have precise control

of nutrients delivery andof nutrients delivery and

Irrigation timing according toIrrigation timing according to

the changing needs of thethe changing needs of the

plantplant

User Friendly FertigationUser Friendly Fertigation

ControllersControllers

EC & pH Measurement andEC & pH Measurement andControl AvantageControl Avantage


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Nutrient recycling in Greenhouseutrient recycling in Greenhouse Nutrient recycling is a practice Frequently applied in greenhouses.Nutrient recycling is a practice Frequently applied in greenhouses.

It maintain plant quality while keeping fertilizer use in check.It maintain plant quality while keeping fertilizer use in check.

It reduce leaching losses.It reduce leaching losses.

Proper use of water and nutrientProper use of water and nutrient

Better control of nutrient supply and reduce risk of ground water contamination.Better control of nutrient supply and reduce risk of ground water contamination.SummarySummary Fertigation is one of the major fFertigation is one of the major foundations for a plant growthoundations for a plant growth

Optimal plant fertigation will include 16 elementsOptimal plant fertigation will include 16 elements

Keeping accurate nutrient content is very important for optimal growth andKeeping accurate nutrient content is very important for optimal growth and

maximum yieldmaximum yield

Deficiency of nutrients could cause plants disordersDeficiency of nutrients could cause plants disorders

Preventing fertigation disorders in Plants is based on good monitoring, keepingPreventing fertigation disorders in Plants is based on good monitoring, keeping

proportional fertigation and choosing the proper fertigation system.proportional fertigation and choosing the proper fertigation system.


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Fertigatin and Nutrients in GH