Female/Male NotesFemale/Male Notes

SwensonSwenson

Animal Reproduction = Animal Reproduction = SEXUAL REPRODUCTIONSEXUAL REPRODUCTION

Female Reproductive SystemFemale Reproductive System

a.a.    Female reproductive organ = Female reproductive organ = OvaryOvary

Job: Job:

egg production and releaseegg production and release

produce estrogen and progesterone,produce estrogen and progesterone,

Location: Location:

Either side of lower abdomenEither side of lower abdomen

1.5 inch oval in size1.5 inch oval in size

What is the egg (Ova)? What is the egg (Ova)?

a. female reproductive cella. female reproductive cell

b. 23 chromosomesb. 23 chromosomes

c. has a food supplyc. has a food supply

d. size of a dot (largest cell d. size of a dot (largest cell in the body)in the body)

II. The egg (haploid = II. The egg (haploid = 23 chromosomes23 chromosomes))

a.a.    When are eggs made?When are eggs made?

Prior to birth in the female fetusPrior to birth in the female fetus

each ovary has between 200,000 each ovary has between 200,000 and 1 million eggs presentand 1 million eggs present

each contained in a each contained in a folliclefollicle

When are the eggs released?When are the eggs released?

a. First time is at puberty when female a. First time is at puberty when female makes estrogen to cause eggs to makes estrogen to cause eggs to maturemature

b. one follicle ruptures every 28 daysb. one follicle ruptures every 28 days

c. ovulation is the release of an eggc. ovulation is the release of an egg

d. ruptured follicle = corpus luteumd. ruptured follicle = corpus luteum

e. corpus luteum makes progesteronee. corpus luteum makes progesterone

f. ovaries take turns releasing an eggf. ovaries take turns releasing an egg

Does the female actually release all Does the female actually release all of her 400,000 eggs?of her 400,000 eggs?

a. no – takes too longa. no – takes too long

b. only about 400 eggs get used upb. only about 400 eggs get used up

c.c. fertile span (12 – 50 years old)fertile span (12 – 50 years old)((http://http://biology.clemson.edu/biolab/ovum.htmlbiology.clemson.edu/biolab/ovum.html ) )

Where does the egg go after Where does the egg go after ovulation?ovulation?

a. leaves ovary and attempts to get into a. leaves ovary and attempts to get into oviductoviduct

b. opening of oviduct is about the size of b. opening of oviduct is about the size of a hyphen a hyphen

c. oviduct is not connected to ovaryc. oviduct is not connected to ovaryd. oviduct is 4 inches long with cilia to d. oviduct is 4 inches long with cilia to

push egg alongpush egg alonge. trip takes 6 – 10 dayse. trip takes 6 – 10 days

a.a.    Trace the path of the egg from ovulation (release) to Trace the path of the egg from ovulation (release) to implantation (pregnancy):implantation (pregnancy):

          i.i.            Captured by fimbrae of oviductCaptured by fimbrae of oviduct

          ii.ii.            Travel down oviduct, fertilized by spermTravel down oviduct, fertilized by sperm

        iii.iii.            Growing ball of cells implanted in uterus wallGrowing ball of cells implanted in uterus wall

How long does an egg live?How long does an egg live?

a. 72 hours after ovulationa. 72 hours after ovulation

b. 24 hours in oviductb. 24 hours in oviduct

c. dies after 72 hours and disintegrates c. dies after 72 hours and disintegrates because food supply is gonebecause food supply is gone

d. if fertilized, pregnancy starts and d. if fertilized, pregnancy starts and another food supply is createdanother food supply is created

AnatomyAnatomy

Ovary – Ovary – 1.5 inch sphere1.5 inch sphereOviduct (Fallopian Tube)– Oviduct (Fallopian Tube)–

Tubes from Tubes from nearnear ovary into the ovary into the uterusuterus

Uterus – Uterus – Pear shaped organ, wombPear shaped organ, womb

Endometrium – Endometrium – inner lining of the uterusinner lining of the uterus

MyometriumMyometrium - - layer of musclelayer of muscle

Cervix – Cervix – opening at the base of the uterus, opening at the base of the uterus, dilates open during delivery of a dilates open during delivery of a baby.baby.

Vagina – Vagina – tube to the outside of the bodytube to the outside of the body

Picture female partsPicture female parts

If the egg gets fertilized, where If the egg gets fertilized, where does it go?does it go?

Uterus – pear shaped and very Uterus – pear shaped and very flexibleflexible

Are drugs, medication or diet going to affect the final outcome of the egg?No – meiosis is unaffected once it is startedHowever, mitosis is greatly affected so fetal development can be harmed.

What affects the female’s What affects the female’s reproductive system?reproductive system?

a. pregnancya. pregnancy

b. venereal diseaseb. venereal disease

c. agec. age

d. Stress and emotionsd. Stress and emotions

e. cancer (27% of female cancers affect e. cancer (27% of female cancers affect reproductive system, 18% breast reproductive system, 18% breast cancer, 9% uterine cancer)cancer, 9% uterine cancer)

Secondary Sex CharacteristicsSecondary Sex Characteristics

a.a.    Breast enlargeBreast enlarge

b.b.    Body contours changeBody contours change

c.c.      Genitals developGenitals develop

d.d.    Pubic hairPubic hair

e. armpit haire. armpit hair

f. f. Menarche = 1Menarche = 1stst menstruation menstruation

VIII.VIII.    Hormones Hormones Estrogen and _Estrogen and _ProgesteroneProgesterone_ are made in _ are made in

the _the _OvaryOvary__

Estrogen and

Progesterone

vulvovaginitisvulvovaginitis an inflammation of the an inflammation of the vulva and vagina.vulva and vagina.

ectopicectopic pregnancypregnancy, when a fertilized , when a fertilized egg, or zygote, doesn't travel into the egg, or zygote, doesn't travel into the uterus, but instead grows rapidly in the uterus, but instead grows rapidly in the fallopian tube. fallopian tube.

endometriosisendometriosis when tissue normally found when tissue normally found only in the uterus starts to grow outside only in the uterus starts to grow outside the uterus — in the ovaries, fallopian the uterus — in the ovaries, fallopian tubes, or other parts of the pelvic cavity. It tubes, or other parts of the pelvic cavity. It can cause abnormal bleeding, painful can cause abnormal bleeding, painful periods, and general pelvic pain periods, and general pelvic pain

Male Reproductive SystemMale Reproductive SystemMale reproductive organ = Male reproductive organ = TesteTestess Job: Job:

Produce sperm, nourish sperm, and Produce sperm, nourish sperm, and produce testosteroneproduce testosterone

Location:Location: a. develop in region near Kidneys in an a. develop in region near Kidneys in an

embryoembryob. must descend through a canal into scrotumb. must descend through a canal into scrotumc. Hernia – wall tearsc. Hernia – wall tearsd. reason outside of body – 98.6 Degrees too d. reason outside of body – 98.6 Degrees too

warm for sperm to be madewarm for sperm to be made

What is the sperm?What is the sperm?

a.a. tad pole shapetad pole shape

b.b. Able to move Able to move around by flagellaaround by flagella

c.c. no food supply of no food supply of their owntheir own

d.d. 23 chromosomes23 chromosomes

Mitochondrial

Flagella

Enzymes

DNA

e.e. 1/500” long1/500” long

f.f. f. 300,000,000/tsp f. 300,000,000/tsp produced in large produced in large numbers 10-30 numbers 10-30 billion dailybillion daily

g.g. Father determines Father determines sex X or Ysex X or Y

Sperm (haploid = Sperm (haploid = 23 chromosomes)23 chromosomes)

When are sperm produced?When are sperm produced? a.a. during meiosis called spermatogenesisduring meiosis called spermatogenesis b.b. 400 billion in a lifetime400 billion in a lifetime

How long does sperm live?How long does sperm live? Between 48 - 72 hours out of the body. (Between 48 - 72 hours out of the body. (http://http://www.raysahelian.com/sperm.htmlwww.raysahelian.com/sperm.html) )

  

Where would a sperm meet an egg?Where would a sperm meet an egg? a. introduced into vagina and then meets egg in a. introduced into vagina and then meets egg in

oviduct or fallopian tubesoviduct or fallopian tubesb. Only 50 of the 2-300 million get close to the eggb. Only 50 of the 2-300 million get close to the egg

How are sperm released (ejaculation)?How are sperm released (ejaculation)? Through the vas deferens and out the urethraThrough the vas deferens and out the urethra

AnatomyAnatomyTestis – Testis – 1.5 inch oval in the scrotum, 1.5 inch oval in the scrotum,

produce sperm and sex hormonesproduce sperm and sex hormones Seminiferous tubules – Seminiferous tubules – Site of Site of

spermatogenesis (sperm making) spermatogenesis (sperm making) located inside testislocated inside testis

Epididymis – Epididymis – store andstore and nurture spermnurture sperm

Vas deferens – Vas deferens – long tube where sperm long tube where sperm travels to urethra travels to urethra

Prostate –Prostate –secretes milky alkaline fluid to secretes milky alkaline fluid to decrease acidity of vagina and fluid to decrease acidity of vagina and fluid to help with propellinghelp with propelling

Seminal vesicle – Seminal vesicle – Produces fructose or Produces fructose or food for sperm energyfood for sperm energy

Bulbourethral gland (Cowper’s gland) – Bulbourethral gland (Cowper’s gland) – Secretes mucus-like fluid for lubrication Secretes mucus-like fluid for lubrication

Urethra – CUrethra – Common tube for sperm and urineommon tube for sperm and urine

Penis – Penis – External male organExternal male organ

Prepuce (foreskin) – Prepuce (foreskin) – Often removedOften removed

ScrotumScrotum - - suspends testes away from bodysuspends testes away from body

Sperm production:Sperm production:

http://www.howstuffworks.com/adam-200126.htmhttp://www.howstuffworks.com/adam-200126.htm

Sperm vs. SemenSperm vs. Semen

Sperm are the reproductive cellsSperm are the reproductive cells

Semen consists of the cells, Semen consists of the cells, nourishing fluids, and lubricating nourishing fluids, and lubricating fluids from Cowper’s, Seminal, and fluids from Cowper’s, Seminal, and Prostate GlandsProstate Glands

What is circumcision?What is circumcision?

Removal of the foreskin (prepuce)Removal of the foreskin (prepuce)

Difference between meiosis and mitosis?Difference between meiosis and mitosis?Meiosis = gameteMeiosis = gameteMitosis = growthMitosis = growth

What effects sperm?What effects sperm?Age, diet, drugs, medicationAge, diet, drugs, medication

Secondary Sex CharacteristicsSecondary Sex Characteristics

a.a.    Produce spermProduce sperm

b.b.    Lowered voiceLowered voice

c.c.      Pubic and armpit hairPubic and armpit hair

d.d.    Body contours changeBody contours change

e.e.    Genitals developGenitals develop

f.f.          Some research indicates Some research indicates testosterone testosterone hair loss hair loss

  Hormone - _Hormone - _TestosteroneTestosterone_ made in the _ made in the ____TestesTestes____

SpermSperm is made from is made from pubertypuberty to to deathdeath

Problems with Male PartsProblems with Male Parts

Testicular cancerTesticular cancerAge: most often occurs in men between the Age: most often occurs in men between the ages of 15 and 40. ages of 15 and 40. Undescended testicle: testicles do not descend Undescended testicle: testicles do not descend from the abdomen, where they are located from the abdomen, where they are located during fetal development, to the scrotum shortly during fetal development, to the scrotum shortly before birth. before birth. Family history:Family history:Race and ethnicity Race and ethnicity

EpididymitisEpididymitis is inflammation of the epididymis is inflammation of the epididymis Caused by STD or bacterial infectionCaused by STD or bacterial infection