FEM2011_Viscaria D Zone

8/3/2019 FEM2011_Viscaria D Zone

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Overview 2011

1

Viscaria D-zone Fe-Cu project, Kiruna, Sweden

ASX Code: AVI

Quentin Masurel & Morvan Derrien


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Northern Norrbotten: Simplified Geology

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Simplified bedrock geology of

northern Norrbotten County

(Modified from Bergman 2001).

KADZ Karesuando-Arjeplog,

KNDZ Kiruna-Naimakka,

NDZ Nautanen,

PSZ Pajala Shear Zone.


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Viscaria Regional Geological setting

Host Stratigraphy is part of Kiruna Greenstone GroupKarelian age (2.4 1.96Ga)

up to 4km thick pile of MORB-type basalt, felsic tuff & graphitic

sediments

Related to Jatulian (2

.2

2

.0

Ga) rifting event Change from extensional to convergent deformational event,

Svecokarelian orogeny (c. 2.0Ga)

Late stage deformation confined to deep-seated Shear Zones

Magmatic & Tectonic activity

local hydrothermal activity as epigenetic mineralisation

favourable setting for mineral deposits in shear zones

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Avalon: Regional Exploration Targets

Avalon exploration holding 720km tenure, 100km of cumulative strike

Targets Criteria: VMS deposits of + 20Mt @ 2% Cu

Skarn deposits of +100Mt Fe +/- Cu

IOCG deposits of +200Mt

Key targets:

Gordon Kitchener High grade Cu and Zn, 10km of strike

Kurravarra Anomalous Cu and Fe, 20km long target

Geologically similar to Viscaria D Zone

Vittangijarvi Numerous historic Cu mines and workings

Extensive - 10km by 6km

Consistent Cu geochemical anomaly in Till

Karkejaure 50km north of Viscaria

Large 8km by 9km gabbroic intrusion

High amplitude magnetic and gravity anomaly

Wide alteration halo of magnetite iron

Kallojankka Anomalous Cu geochemistry

5km by 2km

Targeted for VMS style copper and base metals

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D Zone


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Viscaria: Exploration Targets

Copper, 2010 PFS Resource

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Suolojoki

Resource

ClassificationMt

Cu

%

CuMetal

(000t)

Measured 6.7 2.47 165

Indicated 4.1 1.76 73

Inferred 33.9 0.83 280

TOTAL 44.7 1.16 518

Resource

ClassificationMt

Cu

%

Fe

%

CuMetal

(000t)

Fe Metal

(000t)

Inferred 9.0 0.55 26.9 49 2,415

Magnetite-Copper, 2010 PFS Resource

TMI image


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Kiruna District: Simplified Geology

Viscaria

Discovery 4km from then

70yo. mining centre of Kiruna,


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Viscaria: Multiple Mineralised Horizons

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Local geology at Viscaria, with location of the Viscaria A, B, and D-zones to the Viscaria Formation and the

Ltjrn horizons to the Peuravaara Formation (from Martinsson 1997). The Kiruna Greenstone Group:

Skevaratjah Fm (SF), Adnamvare Fm (AdF) PikseFm (PiF), Viscaria Fm (ViF) & Peuravaara Fm (PeF).

D Zone


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Viscaria: Lithostratigraphy

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Lithostratigraphy of the Viscaria profile,

Kiruna Greenstone Group

(from Martinsson, 1997).

Kovo Group (KoGp)

Skevaratjah (SFm), Adnamvare

(AdFm), Pikse (PiFm), Viscaria (ViFm) &

Peuravaara (PeFm)

Kurravarra Conglomerate (KC).


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Viscaria: A & B Zones

A ZoneTwo stacked elongate, steep dipping lodes

3700m strike length, 400 600m depth, plunging south

Alteration zone of 1.6km2

Semi-massive ore, cp+py+/-mt,po,(bn)+/-(ag)Intercalated with calcareous sediments

In situ tonnage of 15.7Mt @ 3.54% Cu

B ZoneMultiple stacked elongate, steep dipping lodes

Plunging south, with increase grade & width

Veinlet, stringer cp+py+(po)+/-(mt) mineralisation

Alkali alteration, sodic depletion & potassic enrichment

Felsic (ash) host sediments

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Viscaria A Zone

A Zone Longitudinal Section, looking west10

AZone Open

Pit

Above historical Viscaria Copper Mine

2.5mt @ 1.4% Cu Reserve

Quality concentrate 28% Cu, 3% Zn,

45g/t Ag, 3g/t Au

Low contaminants

A

Zone Deeps Historical production of 12.5Mt @

2.7% Cu

30km of decline and development

Drilled to >600m below surface

High grade lodes extracted

Remnants and lower grade zones15Mt @ 1.8% Cu Resource


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Viscaria: A Zone VMS Mineralisation Model

Interpreted as syngenetic Copper of exhalative origin

Supporting this model:

Extensive FW alteration

Blanket shape of ore

Layered structure of lodes

Strong Cu/Zn zoning; Ore 92Cu:8Zn, Alteration 18Cu:82Zn

Common, although variable martite content

S isotope -8 to -10.4%; compare B +2.3 to 7.2%, D Zone -2%Europium (REE) normalised positive profile

highly saline fluid inclusions

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Viscaria D Zone

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2011/2012 DFS Drill Program

Wider and higher grade copper intersections than outlined from PFS resource model:

20m @ 1.1% Cu and 21% Fe

28m @ 1.9% Cu and 20% Fe (incl. 18m @ 2.1% Cu)

43m @ 1.4% Cu and 31% Fe

Drill objective that D Zone host significant Cu-Fe resource

Deeper holes completed to assess down plunge


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Viscaria: D Zone Mt-Cu Ore

Drill coverage:up to 199722 DDs; to 2011 120 extra DHs

Mineralised horizon:1100m strike, steep dipping, 10-30m width, >230m depth

shoots plunging south & widening with depthMagnetite ore host:structural corridor of strongly foliated basalts & welded breccia

Transition of ore stratigraphy:cg massive mt overlying laminated fg mt

Overprint with late barren carbonate alteration (depletion) front

& crystalline marble veins

Late oxidation associated with cross-cutting anastomosing shear

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Viscaria D-Zone: Stratigraphic Column

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Viscaria D-zone stratigraphic

column and general log

(from Masurel, 2011)


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Viscaria: D Zone

New ObservationsBasaltic sills of Peuravaara Fm

Epigenetic style of mineralisation

Stratigraphic Units (younging to top):Carbonates & marble veining, dissimilar to D1 dolomitic

member, not a structural repeat but a separate unit

Magnetite mineralisation

Multiple Basaltic Sill intrusives, resemble Peuravaara Fm

Graphitic SiltstonesHW Volcaniclastics correspond to D2 tuffite member

FW Basaltic flows (amygdaloidal) & dolerites of Pikse Fm

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Viscaria D Zone: Lithochemical classification

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FW basalts are high-Ti,high-Fe tholeiitic basalts

that belong to Pikse Fm

HW volcaniclastics

correspond to D2 tuffite

member(Martinsson,1997)

Upper ore zone marble is

not a structural repeat of

D1 member as different

chemical composition

Basaltic sills chemical

composition resembles

basalts from the

Peuravaara Fm and tuffs

from Linkaluoppal Fm


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Viscaria: Magmatic Affinity

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Magmatic affinity plots of Yb/Th, Yb/La

and Y/Zr according to Gifkins et al. (2003).

Basalts are tholeiitic in character and

volcaniclastic rocks are calc-alkaline.

Chlorite-talc schists from the ore zone

appear to be calc-alkaline in character

and probably represent altered

tuffaceous siltstones.


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Viscaria: Discriminate Lithologies & Alteration

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HFSE, Al2O3 and TiO2 ratio plots.

Basaltic sills have undergone

significant hydrothermal

alteration. Tuffaceous siltstones

represent variation in the

primary composition andreworking. The large vertical

spread observed in some plots

for the basaltic sills is probably

related to relative mobility of

one or more of the immobile

elements. Chlorite-talc schistscluster with tuffaceous siltstones

indicating tuffs are precursor of

these altered rocks.


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Viscaria D Zone: REE analysis

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Chondrite-normalized REE-pattern

for the least altered volcanic rocks

from the Viscaria D-zone.

FW basalts exhibit flat REE pattern

with slight positive Eu-anomaly as

defined by Pikse Fm

HW felsic siltstones show

significant enrichment in LREE


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Viscaria D Zone: Ore

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REE plot for ore of Viscaria D-zone.

The REE patterns are almostunfractionated, slightly enriched in LREE

and depleted in HREE. Only negative Eu-

anomalies are observed

Compared with A Zone mineralisation:

Fractionated, strong enrichment in LREE

Distinct positive Eu anomaly


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Viscaria D Zone: Host Rock assessment

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Enrichment-depletion diagrams of ore normalised to least altered composition


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Viscaria D Zone: Alteration ofHost Rocks

To determine best fit of precursor rock unit to altered:

FW Basalt has high variation of TiO2 & Alumina;

HW Tuffites would expect higher standard deviation as clasticcontribution, but instead plot on the red line;

Marble, primary content of immobile elements cannot be

represented in a meta-sedimentary carbonate

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Viscaria: Discriminate Alteration Assemblages

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AI-CCPI alteration box plot

for representative rocksfrom Viscaria D-zone. Least

altered mafic volcanic rocks

have high CCPI values and

low to moderate AI because

of the high Fe, Mg and Ca

contents respectively.


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Viscaria: Discriminate Alteration Assemblages

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Na2O-AI alteration box plot for

representative rocks from

Viscaria D-zone

Evidence of sodic depletion

Most strongly altered HostsHW Tuff: chl+py+ser+carb

Basaltic Sills: chl+trem+py+carb

OreBio-chl+trem+carb+mt+py+cp

Least Altered Rock UnitFW Basalts: regional epidote


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Viscaria D Zone: 18950N Drill Section

25Looking grid north


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Viscaria D Zone: Paragenesis

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Simplified paragenetic sequence of the Viscaria D-zone Fe-Cu occurrence.

M: massive; D: disseminated; Vl: veinlets; V: vein, P: pervasive; Pa: patchy;

Loc: locally occurring;


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Viscaria D Zone:

Altered Basalt

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DDH VDD0068 22.8mSub-facies 1: Chloritic-Kfelspar-hematitic, brecciated amygdaloidal basalt.

DDH VDD0040 27.40m

Sub-facies 2: Hematitic-chloritic-sericitic, reddish-brown, poorly sorted, matrix-

supported breccia, containing mafic volcanic clasts/microclasts of basaltic origin.

DDH VDD0040 30.05m

Sub-facies 3: Sericitic, massive reddish hematitic rock (matrix >80%

hematite), altered with amphibole veins, amygdaloidal basalt.

Jigsaw-type

texture

DDH VDD0068 33.30m

Sub-facies 4: Matrix-supported, poorly sorted basaltic breccia, jigsaw-fit texture,

including angular clasts mostly

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FEM2011_Viscaria D Zone