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8/3/2019 FELICIEN - AfDB ICT Situational Analysis in Rwanda
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UNECA
Overview of Rwandas ICT Context
Dr. Flicien Usengumukiza
Senior Research Fellow
Institute of Policy Analysis and Research (IPAR-
Rwanda)
Kigali, July 28th, 2009
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]8/3/2019 FELICIEN - AfDB ICT Situational Analysis in Rwanda
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Contents
Introduction
The role of ICT in Economic development
Situational Analysis of ICT sector in Rwanda
The place of ICT in implementation of Vision 2020 program
SWOT Analysis of ICT sector in Rwanda
Summary and Recommendations
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Rwandas Economic Development is based on clear and defined
program
EDPRS, 2012
MDGs, 2015
VISION 2020
G
oodGovernanc
eanda
CapableSta
te
HRDandKnow
ledge
basedEcono
my
APrivatesector-led
Economy
Infrastructu
re
Development
P
roductiveandM
arket
orientedAgricu
lture
Reg
ionalandInternational
E
conomicIntegr
ation
ICT is a cross-cutting area of
Vision 2020
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ICT is an engine of economic performance for countries
Reduction of transaction costs
Increase productivity
New trade opportunities
Access to knowledge
Increase competition
Better communication
The ICT-induced changes are transforming
the rules of competition and giving rise to
new types of competitive strategies:
innovation-driven competition, time-based
competition; mass customization; lean
manufacturing, and demand-driven, built-to-
order products (Fine, 1998).
ICT can also facilitate the rapid growth
for foreign direct investment (FDI)
allowing global business management
along the whole supply-chain through
effective information and
communication networks.
A reduction of transaction costs and
times can help developing countries to
take advantage of the opportunities
resulting from trade liberalization.
ICT has drastically cut long-standing
obstacles to communication: time
and distance. New communication
technologies allow companies to
source inputs independent of
location.
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ICT Competitiveness refers to a countrys capacity to exploit
Information and communication technology in order to
effectively participate in the global information economy.
5
ICT Competitiveness
ICT Infrastructure ICT Environment
ICT LawsHuman Resources
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Telecom FDI,
20
Other FDI,
38
35% of total
FDI in SSA was
from telecom
Telecom FDI versus Total FDI in SSA (2000-2004)
and investments in SSA are mostly concentrated on ICT
Source: World Bank WDI (2007)
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All over the world, the Mobile Phone witnesses a spectacular
penetration rate in one decade
Global ICT Development, 1998-2008
Source: International Telecommunication Union, 2008
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
1998
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Per
100
inhabitants
Fixed telephone lines
Mobile cellular telephone subscriptions
Internet users
Fixed broadband subscriptionsMobile broaband subscriptions
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As in many other countries, Rwanda recorded a spectacular
increase rate of Mobile phone in one decade
0
200000
400000
600000
800000
1000000
1200000
1400000
1600000
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Mobile subscribers
Fixed phone subscribers
Internet subscribersRural phones
ICT Penetration in Rwanda (2000-2009)
Source: RURA, 2009
8/3/2019 FELICIEN - AfDB ICT Situational Analysis in Rwanda
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0.34
5.43
0.73
0.65
42.11
8.71
0.17
15.5
3
0.3
31.37
1.25
0.53
26.82
7.84
3.38
38.54
6.93
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Burundi Kenya Rwanda Tanzania Uganda Africa
Internet use rs per 100 inha b.
Mobil e s ubscribers per 100 inhab.
Fixed phone per 100 inhab.
ICT Penetration in the EAC Countries, 2008
In comparison with its counterparties of the EAC, Rwanda is not
yet attractive in terms of ICT penetration
Source: ITU, ICT indicators, 2009
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Fixed phone penetration is growing slowly even in many cases
decreasing. Rwanda remains on the bottom of the list of EAC
Countries
10
Rwanda
Africa
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Fixed phones penetration in EAC Countries, 2000-2008
Burundi
Kenya
Rwanda
Tanzania
Uganda
Africa
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. and Mobile phone penetration is growing rapidly in all
countries and Kenya is above the African average.
11
Mobile phone penetration in EAC Countries, 2000-2008
Kenya
Rwanda
Tanzania
Burundi
Uganda
Africa
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
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Internet is also growing significantly particularly in Uganda.
12
Burundi
Kenya
Rwanda
Tanzania
Uganda
Africa
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Internet penetration rate in EAC Countries, 2000-20008
Source: ITU, 2008
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Mobile phone and internet penetration rate reached more than
1000% in EAC countries in one decade
13
% of Mobile phones penetration in 2000-2008 % of Internet penetration in 2000-2008
2172
10026
2695
9803
5157
2025
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
Burundi Kenya Rwanda Tanzania Uganda Africa
912
2639
5000
1041
4900
1260
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
Burundi Kenya Rwanda Tanzania Uganda Africa
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As ICT network infrastructure is currently concentrated in Kigali
City, ICT penetration rate is also higher in Kigali in comparison with
Provinces
14
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
Kigali City
Southern Prov.
Western Prov.
Northern Prov.
Eastern Prov.
Total Total HH with phones
Fixed & Mobile PhonesMobile Phones
Fixed Phones
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Due to ICT market liberalization, the monopoly spirit is broken
with participation of different companies to the market.
Number of telecom network operators and their respective number of subscribers
Source : RURA, December 2008
Service Licensed Operators Number of Subscribers Market share (%)Fixed Telephony Rwandatel
MTN Rwandacell
Artel International*16,770
82
099.5%
0.5%
0%Mobile Telephony MTN Rwandacell
Rwandatel 1,158,674163,963 87.6%12.4%Internet ServiceProvision
RwandatelISPA
MTN Rwandacell
New Artel
Altech Stream Rwanda
Value Data Rwanda*
Star Africa Media*
Greenmax*Augere Rwanda*
Comium*
4,18767
4,021
151
19
0
0
00
0
49.5%0.79%
47.6%
1.78%
0.22%
0%
0%
0%0%
0%Pay-TV GTV
Star Africa Media
Tele 10617
5,105
1,5438.49%
70.26%
21.23%
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Basic service per minute local call 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 proj.
Fixed line usage tarrifs 14 14 33 33 33 33
Fixed line installation charges 30,000 30,000 30,000 30,000 30,000 30,000
Mobile contract usage tarrifs - MTN 104 114 114 114 81 81
Mobile contract usage tarrifs - Rwandatel 50 50 70 70
Mobile prepaid usage tariffs - MTN 133 147 147 147 100 100
Mobile prepaid usage tariffs -Rwandatel 55 55 80 80Mobile phone handset cost 90,000 12,000 12,000
Internet
Fixed line internet usage tariffs - MTN 45,000 45,000
Fixed line internet usage tariffs - Rwandatel 45,000 45,000
Mobile phone internet usage tariffs - MTN 20,000 20,000
Mobile phone internet usage tariffs -
Rwandatel 35,000 35,000
Broadband Internet
Fixed line internet usage tariffs - MTN 190,000 190,000
Fixed line internet usage tariffs - Rwandatel 200,000 200,000
Mobile internet usage tariffs - MTN 20,000 20,000
Mobile internet usage tariffs - Rwandatel 35,000 35,000
RURA, 2009
ICT Basic services and tariffs
The more ICT Market enters into open competition, the more
consumers are getting better services.
The increase in
mobile phone
services has been
accompanied bydecrease of costs of
connections and
handsets
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ICT remains the most attractive area for Foreign Direct
Investment
17Source: RDB/RIEPA, 2007
Rwandas Investment by sub-sector, 2006
Energy, 22%
Agribusiness, 5%
Education, 4%Agroprocessing, 2%
Petrolium, 9%
Telecom., 23%Property, 5%Banking, 3%
Service, 1%
Hotel, 14%
Food Processing, 5%
Manufacturing, 2%
Other, 1%
Transport, 0.60%
Tourism, 7%
Mining, 4%
Construction, 2%
Health, 1%
Finance, 0.40%
ICT seems to
be the most
lucrative
sector for
investment
hi d h i ifi i i i
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To this end, ICT has a significant impact to Socio Economic
Performance to the country. This trend has also a positive impact
to the economic growth
Socio Economic Indicators 2003 2004 2005 2006
1. Total Investment 3,723,085,000 2,306,143,000 5,665,153,000 5,026,461,000
2. Investment revenue 15,663,469,000 20,056,201,000 18,812,518,000 33,144,313,0003. Taxes 3,735,804,213 6,512,211,986 6,607,008,574 9,121,399,468
4. Direct job creation 128 131 145 152
5. Indirect job creation 1,450 2,600 3,560 5,820
6. Universal Access Fund 171,774,695 166,202,866 295,344,085
Source: Nsengiyumva Albert et al., Pro-Poor ICT Project Report Rwanda: A Community-driven Network , July, 2007
1.6%
2.7%
3.4%
4.1%4.3%
4.8%
0.0%
1.0%
2.0%
3.0%
4.0%
5.0%
6.0%
Ethiopia Rwanda Uganda Tanzania Sudan Kenya
ICT Sector Contribution to GDP, 2005
Source: TMG, Inc., 2008
ICT Expenditure, 2005-2012
Source: MINECOFIN, 2009
0.39% 0.32% 0.64%
1.95%
2.96%
1.53% 1.53%
0.00%
0.50%
1.00%
1.50%
2.00%
2.50%
3.00%
3.50%
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12
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In the framework of Vision 2020, GoR is committed to use ICT in most of its
activities in order to facilitate the rapid socio-economic development
1.Education
2. Human Resource Development
3. Infrastructure, Equipment and Content
4. Economic Development
5. Social Development
6. E-Government and E-Governance
7. Private Sector Development
8. Rural and Community Access
9. Legal, Regulatory and Institutional provisions and standards
10 . National Security Law and order
Agricultural
Based
Economy
Knowledge
BasedEconomy
By 2020
KigaliMetropolitan
Network
Kalisimbi
Project
E-GovernmentNational
Data Center
NICIIIINICI I NICI II NICI IV
EASSY
Project
Rwanda
NationalBackbone
Project
Regional
Communication
Infrastructure
Project Kigali ICTPark
h j hi h d i i d ill ib
http://www.rwandagateway.org/article.php3?id_article=8459&lang=8/3/2019 FELICIEN - AfDB ICT Situational Analysis in Rwanda
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The EASSY Project to which Rwanda is integrated will contribute
significantly to Rwandas integration to the world economy.
20
The implementation ofthis project will allow
Rwanda to become in
ICT hub in the region
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21
11%
65%
24%
Implemented
Under implementation
Have not started
Source: RITA, Mid-term Evaluation of the NICI 2010 Implementation for RITA, December, 2008
Although the NICI II is mostly on Infrastructure phase, GoR
recorded a good number of achievements.
NICI 2010 Implementation progress
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Through NICI program, most of activities are now based on
E-Sector
E-Education
- One Laptop per Child project: 100,000
computers distributed to different primary
schools
- E-Schools in secondary school
- Regional ICT Training and Research Center
(RITC)
- E-Learning
- Distance Learning
- Rwanda Education and Research Network
- GIS, Rwanda Development Gateway
E-Health:
- An open-source Medical Records System that tracks
patient-level data
- TracPlus and TRACnet Monthly monitoring of
infectious diseases including HIV/AIDS, TB, and
Malaria
- Telemedicine Information and communication
technology (ICT) used to deliver health and healthcare
services
- Mobile e-Health- use of mobile technology in
improving health delivery in Rwanda
- Health Management Information Systems (HMIS)
systems that integrate data collection processing,
reporting, and use of the information for
programmatic decision-making.
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E-Government
- Fiber optic Installation, connectivity of
a good number of schools, hospitals andother public institutions
- Public Access Channels (12 Tele
centers- Desks are already operational)
- Kigali ICT Center
- Smart National Cards, ID, E-business
E-Agriculture
- Agricultural Management Information
System (AMIS) is an exchange platform forall stakeholders of the agricultural and
livestock sector
- E-soko project seeks to empower farmers
to enable them make more informed
market pricing decisions and ultimately
more successful farming
Through NICI program, most of activities are now based on
E- Sector (Contd)
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Ministry in Charge of Science,
Technology and Research
RDB/RITA RURA
Ministry of Infrastructure
Institutional arrangement
The development ofICT sector needscooperation of theseinstitutions.
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Although the country witnesses a good number of challenges, the
opportunities are also considerable and the future is promising
25
STRENGTH
Strong political will in support of ICT
Existing of National ICT Policy, NICI
ICT sector budget is on par with OECD countries at
1.6 percent, far above the African average
Smallness of the countries would facilitate ICT
Network infrastructure
Strong Institutional organization (RDB/RITA, MINISTR,
RURA, etc.
ICT is the most attractive in terms of Investment
E-Government and E-Governance
THREAT
Existing of strong competition in the region. Each EAC
member is aiming to become in ICT hub in the region.
Potential ICT crime and difficult to control it
Loss of job due to ICT application
OPPORTUNITIES
Regional Communication Infrastructure Project (RCIP) Kalisimbi Project
Kigali Metropolitan Network and Wibro Mobile Wimax
Technology
Rwanda National Backbone Project
Rwanda is integrated to the EASSY Project
National Data Center
Regional interconnectivity (MTN Rwanda, MTN
Uganda, Safaricom, Vodacom, Com Burundi
WEAKNESSES Lack of necessary technical and professional level of
human resources
Insufficient of electricity which is a prerequisite to the
ICT accessibility
Inadequate financial resources
High cost of communication in comparison with
neighboring countries
Lack of awareness about ICT and the benefits of e-
government in both urban and rural areas
Weak private sector
Existing of high rate of illiteracy
ICT SWOT Analysis
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The implementation of the program requests a particular attention
of certain measures.
Capacity building andtraining: ICT Skills, Trainingand Awareness
Basic infrastructure needs a
rapid improvement as a
prerequisite to ICT
development
Development of Network
infrastructure technologies
especially in rural area
Investment in terms of
softwares production and
their commercialisation
More Cooperation withstakeholders including Public-
private Partnerships in ICT
development
Retention policy for
trained staff with high
skills in ICT
Dissemination of information
and research related to ICT in
order to share experiences
and to avoid duplication and
waste of time.
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It is expensive to built a road, but not to built it is
more expensive
Italian Proverb
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Thank you for your Attention