FEDERAL REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGY ROUNDTABLE 2016 MEETING

CARBON AMENDMENTS – BREMERTON CASE STUDY

Victor Magar, Melissa Grover, David MooreRamboll Environ

Bart Chadwick, Victoria Kirtay, Gunther Rosen, Bob JohnstonSPAWAR

May 10, 2016

SITE DESCRIPTIONPIER 7, PSNS&IMF, BNC, BREMERTON, WA, USA, S S& , C, O , , US

• Active deep water shipyard, under pier areas

• Post-remedy monitoring identified continued presence of elevated PCB levels

Desire to test alternative in situ• Desire to test alternative in situ treatment methods such as reactive amendments

• 0.5 acre target amendment area

2

TEST DESIGNREACTIVE AMENDMENTC

• AquaGate+PAC™ (AquaBlok®, Toledo, Ohio)

• Coated aggregate

• Coating: 5% Powder AC (PAC) with ~10% bentonite binder

• Aggregate aids delivery of PAC to sediment surface

• 141 tons AquaGate placed

T t 2 4% TOC i• Target: 2-4% TOC increase

3

PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENTAMENDMENT SHIPMENT, STAGING AND PLACEMENTS , S G G C

4

PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENTAMENDMENT SHIPMENT, STAGING AND PLACEMENTS , S G G C

Distributing under pier

Distributing in berthing area

Conveyor system

distributing in berthing area

5

TEST DESIGNMONITORINGO O G

• Baseline characterization

2 months prior to placement

Measurement Number of stations

Tissue

PCBsp p

• Placement verification

0.5 and 3 months post-placement

Sediment Porewater

PCBs

Sediment

TOC and BC Content

Grain Size

10

(1-MM – 10-MM)

• 3 annual monitoring events

10, 21 and 33 months post-placement

PCBs

Benthic Community Census

Tissue

H /M H 5Hg/MeHg

Sediment

Hg/MeHg

5

(3-,4-,5-,8-,9-MM)

SPI Survey42-51

(1-1 – 7-6)

6

( )

Benthic Community Census

4

(RBS-1 – RBS-4)

TEST DESIGNMETHODS OVERVIEWO S O

• In Situ Bioaccumulation

• SEA Ringsg

• Two species: Macoma nasuta; Nephtys caecoides

• 14-day deployment

S S l• In Situ Passive Sampling

• SPME

• 14-day deployment

S d C• Sediment Cores

• Benthic Community Census

• SPI survey

7

PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENTDEMONSTRATE PLACEMENT WITHIN TARGET AREA O S C GAT TARGET THICKNESS (SPI SURVEY)

0.5-month monitoring event

• ~70% of the target area received target thickness (5 cm) or more

• Thickness within target area:• Thickness within target area: Average 11 cm Range 0.1 – 17 cm

8

Red line indicates target amendment area

PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENTDEMONSTRATE PLACEMENT WITHIN TARGET AREA O S C GAT TARGET THICKNESS (SPI SURVEY)

33 Month Event

• Lateral shift in amendment over time

• Average thickness lower in33 month (8.8 cm)

33-Month

9

Red line indicates target amendment area

PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENTCHANGE IN SURFACE SEDIMENT TOC CONTENTC G SU C S OC CO

• Able to track TOC

• TOC increases at 0-5 cm for all events

• TOC increases at 5-10 cm and 10-15 cm after 10 months10 15 cm after 10 months

10

Error bars are 95% CLBars with the same letter indicate no statistical significant difference

PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENTCHANGE IN SURFACE SEDIMENT AC CONTENT C G SU C S C CO(AS BLACK C)

• Able to track Black Carbon

• BC increases at 0-5 cm from placement until 22 months

• BC increases at 5-10 cm at 10+ months10+ months

• BC increases at 10-15 cm at 10+ months

11

Error bars are 95% CLBars with the same letter indicate no statistical significant difference

PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENTREDUCTION IN PCB BIOAVAILABILITY (M NASUTA)UC O C O ( SU )

Significant decreases in all post-placement monitoring

3000

3500

all post placement monitoring events compared to baseline

1500

2000

2500

suta

Tis

sue]

g/g,

lw)

A

500

1000

1500

[M. n

as (n A,B B B

0

Bas

elin

e

0-M

onth

1-M

onth

3-M

onth

Amendment: PresentAbsent

12B 1 2 3

Error bars are 95% CLBars with the same letter indicate no statistical significant difference

PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENTREDUCTION IN PCB BIOAVAILABILITY (N CAECOIDES)UC O C O ( C CO S)

Significant decreases in all post-placement monitoring 3000

3500

4000

sue] A

all post placement monitoring events compared to baseline

2000

2500

3000

ecoi

des

Tiss

(ng/

g, lw

)500

1000

1500

[N. c

ae

B B B

0

Bas

elin

e

10-M

onth

21-M

onth

33-M

onth

Amendment: PresentAbsent

13

1 2 3

Error bars are 95% CLBars with the same letter indicate no statistical significant difference

PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENTREDUCTION IN PCB BIOAVAILABILITY UC O C O(SEDIMENT POREWATER)

Significant decreases in all post-placement monitoringall post placement monitoring events compared to baseline

14

Error bars are 95% CLBars with the same letter indicate no statistical significant difference

PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENTPCB SEDIMENT CONCENTRATIONS (DEBRIS CORRECTED)C S CO C O S ( S CO C )

2mm sieved samples

No significant difference from baseline to all monitoring events

15

Error bars are 95% CLBars with the same letter indicate no statistical significant difference

PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENTPOTENTIAL FOR ADVERSE BENTHIC COMMUNITY IMPACTPOTENTIAL FOR ADVERSE BENTHIC COMMUNITY IMPACT (BENTHIC COMMUNITY CENSUS)

• Total abundance, Pielou’sevenness Swartz’s Dominanceevenness, Swartz s Dominance Index

No significant difference from baseline to all subsequent events

• Diversity and Taxa Richness

Significant decrease from baseline to 33-month event

N i ifi t diff iNo significant difference comparing amended and unamended at the 33-month event

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*Blue, dashed line indicates PSAMP observation

PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENTPOTENTIAL FOR ADVERSE BENTHIC COMMUNITY IMPACTO O S C CO U C(SEDIMENT PROFILE IMAGERY)

• No difference in percent of stations with Stage 3 taxastations with Stage 3 taxa within or outside target area

In the baseline (no amendment), 10- and 21-month surveys

• Less stations with Stage 3 taxa within target area compared to outside

In the 0 5- and 33-month surveysSurvey Percent of Stations with Stage 3

Taxa (Within Target Area)Percent of Stations with Stage 3 Taxa (Outside Target Area)

In the 0.5 and 33 month surveysBaseline 80% 69%

0.5-Month 50% 80%

10-Month 44% 50%

21-Month 88% 83%

33-Month 40% 67%

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*Blue, dashed line indicates target amendment area

CONSTRUCTION COSTS

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KEY POINTS

2500

Percent Decrease From Baseline10-mo 68% 87% 75%21-mo 82% 89% 86%33-mo 88% 97% 81%

• Achieved significant reductions in total PCBs in tissue

2000

CB

]ng

/L)

• Achieved significant reductions in total PCBs in porewater

• Achieved placement within target area and target thickness achieved

0.12

0.16

1000

1500

[Tot

al P

C(n

g/g,

lw o

r and target thickness achieved

• Demonstrated stability and mixing of the activated carbon in the surface sediment over time

0.04

0.08

0

500

Tissue Tissue Freely Dissolved in

Baseline

10-month

21-Month

• Did not observe significant adverse impacts to the native benthic community

0

19

(Bent-nose Clam, Macoma nasuta)

(Polychaete worm, Nephtys caecoides)

Sediment Porewater33-Month

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Project led by US Navy SPAWAR Systems Center Pacific Principal Investigator: Dr. D. Bart Chadwick

Funding provided by US Department of Defense Environmental Security Technology Certification Program (ESTCP), Project ER-201131

• http://www.serdp-estcp.org/Program-Areas/Environmental-Restoration/Contaminated-Sediments/ER-201131/ER-201131/(language)/eng-US

• Web search for “ER-201131”

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Pier 7 team

US Navy SPAWAR Systems Center PacificVictoria Kirtay, Bart Chadwick, Gunther Rosen, J l G R b t J h t M i C l i

US Navy PSNS & Intermediate Maintenance FacilityL l D l L H PSNS Di TJoel Guerrero, Robert Johnston, Marienne Colvin

Ramboll Environ Victor Magar, Marlene Meador, David Moore, Jason Conder*

Germano and AssociatesJoe Germano, David Browning, Ezra Beaver

Lesley Doyle, Larry Hsu, PSNS Dive Team

NAVFAC NorthwestEllen Brown, Remedial Project Manager

Nautilus EnvironmentalAdrienne Cibor

AquaBlok, Ltd.John Collins, Craig Ortega

Dalton, Olmstead and FuglevandRob Webb

SDSU Research FoundationsRenee Dolecal

US Naval Base Kitsap Port Ops

Crews of tug MARGARET MARY and barge ABERDEENHart Crowser

Brad Helland

US Navy Facilities Engineering Command, NorthwestMark Wicklein, John Pittz, Dwight Leisle**

barge ABERDEEN

Envirocon

* Current affiliation: Geosyntec Consultants, Huntington Beach, CA

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y , g ,

** Current affiliation: Port of Portland, Portland, OR

THANK YOU