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Presented to:
Federal AviationAdministrationAircraft Cargo MPS
Test of FK-5-1-12The Evaluation of FK-5-1-12 as a Halon
1301 Replacement for Aircraft Cargo Compartment Fire Protection Application
International Aircraft Systems Fire Protection Working Group Meeting
By: John Reinhardt, Aerospace Engineer
Date: October 25-26, 2006
22 of 38Federal AviationAdministration
Aircraft Cargo MPS Tests of FK-5-1-12October 25-26, 2006
• Agent & System Information
• MPS Tests & Results
Status
Aerosol Can Simulation Explosion Test
Surface Burn Test
Containerized Fire Test
Bulk-Load Fire Test
• Final Remarks
Outline
33 of 38Federal AviationAdministration
Aircraft Cargo MPS Tests of FK-5-1-12October 25-26, 2006
• Agent & System Information
• MPS Tests & Results
Status
Aerosol Can Simulation Explosion Test
Surface Burn Test
Containerized Fire Test
Bulk-Load Fire Test
• Final Remarks
Outline
44 of 38Federal AviationAdministration
Aircraft Cargo MPS Tests of FK-5-1-12October 25-26, 2006
Compound Atmospheric Lifetime (yrs) ODP GWP100
Halon 1301(CF3Br)
65 12
HFC-125(CF3CF2H)
29 0 3,400
2-BTP(CH2CBrCF3)
0.008 0 N/A
FK-5-1-12(CF3CF2C(O)CF(CF3)2)
0.014 0 1
6,900
Agent Information
55 of 38Federal AviationAdministration
Aircraft Cargo MPS Tests of FK-5-1-12October 25-26, 2006
Property Value
Molecular Weight 316.05
49.0
-108
1600
13.65
0.0733
0.404
0.891
88.1
<0.001
2.3
Boiling Point
Freezing Point
Liquid density @ 25°C
Vapor density @ 25°C
Vapor Specific volume @ 1bar & 25°C
Vapor pressure@ 25°C bar
Solubility of water in agent @ 21°C wt%
Specific Heat, vapor @ 1bar & 25°C
Heat of vaporization @ bp
Dielectric strength rel. to N2 @25 °C
Unit
°C
°C
kg/m3
kg/m3
kg/m3
kJ/kg°C
kJ/kg
Agent Information
66 of 38Federal AviationAdministration
Aircraft Cargo MPS Tests of FK-5-1-12October 25-26, 2006
• EPA SNAP Listed
• Agent disperses as a gas
• No residue
• High density
• Water Insoluble
• High dielectric strength
• Liquid at room temperature
Information provided is courtesy of 3M
Agent Information
77 of 38Federal AviationAdministration
Aircraft Cargo MPS Tests of FK-5-1-12October 25-26, 2006
AGENT USE CONC. NOAEL* SAFETY MARGIN
FK-5-1-12 4.2 - 6% 10% 67 - 138%
Halon 1301 5% 5% ---
HFC-125 11.3% 7.5% No
2-BTP 6% 0.5% No
Inert Gases 38 - 40% 43% 7 - 13%
* No Observable Adverse Effect Level Information provided is courtesy of 3M
Agent Information
88 of 38Federal AviationAdministration
Aircraft Cargo MPS Tests of FK-5-1-12October 25-26, 2006
• Telecommunication Switch Rooms • Computer and Electronic Control Rooms • Hazards Aboard Ships• Military Engine and Crew Bay• Flight Line Protection
Currently, FK-5-1-12 Successfully Protecting:
Information and photographs provided is courtesy of 3M
Agent Information
99 of 38Federal AviationAdministration
Aircraft Cargo MPS Tests of FK-5-1-12October 25-26, 2006
• 20 lb Fenwal Protection Systems Cylinder (93-100020-001)• Fenwal Protection Systems Electric Control Head (486500-01)• ½” NPT black iron pipe • Single ½” NPT Nozzle (designed for FK-5-1-12)
PRESSURE VESSEL
• 70 lb Fenwal Protection Systems Cylinder (93-100020-001)• Fenwal Protection Systems Electric Control Head (486500-01)• 1-½” NPT black iron pipe • Single 1-½” NPT Nozzle (designed for FK-5-1-12)
FAA TC-10 AIRCRAFT
System Information
1010 of 38Federal AviationAdministration
Aircraft Cargo MPS Tests of FK-5-1-12October 25-26, 2006
• Agent & System Information
• MPS Tests & Results
Status
Aerosol Can Simulation Explosion Test
Surface Burn Test
Containerized Fire Test
Bulk-Load Fire Test
• Final Remarks
Outline
1111 of 38Federal AviationAdministration
Aircraft Cargo MPS Tests of FK-5-1-12October 25-26, 2006
CARGO MPS TESTING OF FK-5-1-12 STATUS• Conducted 13 Aerosol Can Simulation
Explosions in the 11.4 m3 pressure vessel.
• Conducted 3 Surface Burn Tests (TC-10)
• Conducted 2 Containerized Fire Tests (TC-10)
• Conducted 3 Bulk-Load Tests (TC-10)
MPS Tests & Results
1212 of 38Federal AviationAdministration
Aircraft Cargo MPS Tests of FK-5-1-12October 25-26, 2006
• Agent & System Information
• MPS Tests & Results
Status
Aerosol Can Simulation Explosion Test
Surface Burn Test
Containerized Fire Test
Bulk-Load Fire Test
• Final Remarks
Outline
1313 of 38Federal AviationAdministration
Aircraft Cargo MPS Tests of FK-5-1-12October 25-26, 2006
Fire Load: Simulator - 0.2 lb. Propane, 0.6 lb. of denatured alcohol, 0.2 lb of water
Ignition Sources = arcing electrodes (3’ away from the simulator)
FK-5-1-12 FSS Activation = after simulator reached 240 psig
Heat up simulator to increase pressure in content chamber to 240 psig
AEROSOL CAN EXPLOSION SIMULATION TEST (11.4 m3 VESSEL)
MPS Tests & Results
1414 of 38Federal AviationAdministration
Aircraft Cargo MPS Tests of FK-5-1-12October 25-26, 2006
Aerosol Can Simulator Activation = after agent concentration stabilizes and simulator pressure is at 240 psig.
Test Duration = until the simulator is activated
AEROSOL CAN EXPLOSION SIMULATION TEST (11.4 m3 VESSEL)
MPS Tests & Results
1515 of 38Federal AviationAdministration
Aircraft Cargo MPS Tests of FK-5-1-12October 25-26, 2006
PressureTransducer
FIGURE 1. PRESSURE VESSEL SETUP
VideoCamera 1
(Top View)
10 m Pressure Vessel
3
Aerosol Can SimulatorThermocouple
Igniter AgentPort
NitrogenPort
Gas Analyzer Probe
Fan
MPS Tests & Results
1616 of 38Federal AviationAdministration
Aircraft Cargo MPS Tests of FK-5-1-12October 25-26, 2006
MPS Tests & ResultsTest No. Concentration Desired (Vol %) Agent Quantity (lbs) Result Comments
050806T1 4.2 14 No Explosion Agent filled by OEM. Arc electrodes did not spark.
050806T2 8.1 28 No Explosion Agent filled by OEM. Arc electrodes did not spark.
071906T1 4.2 14.95 No Explosion Fill to 14.8 -15.0 lbs with 460 psig N2. Air added to electrodes.
071906T2 8.1 29.96 No Explosion Fill to 30 lbs with 460 psig N2. Air added to electrodes.
071906T3 2 6.92 No Explosion Fill to 7.0 lbs with 460 psig N2. Air added to electrodes.
071906T4 0 0 20 psig Baseline - No agent
07/20/06T1 8.1 30.12 No Explosion Fill to 30.0 lbs with 460 psig N2. Air added to electrodes.
07/20/06T2 4.2 14.98 No Explosion Fill to 15.0 lbs with 460 psig N2. Air added to electrodes.
07/20/06T3 2 6.94 No Explosion Fill to 7.0 lbs with 460 psig N2. Air added to electrodes.
072106T1 1 3.44 33 psigFill to 3.4 lbs with 460 psig N2. Air added to electrodes. Explosion same as baseline.
072106T2 2 6.94 34 psigFill to 7.0 lbs with 460 psig N2. Air added to electrodes. Explosion same as baseline.
072106T3 4.2 14.8 66 psigFill to 15.0 lbs with 460 psig N2. Air added to electrodes. Agent enhanced explosion.
081006T1 4.2 14.8 67 psigFill to 15.0 lbs with 460 psig N2. Air added to electrodes. Agent enhanced explosion.
1717 of 38Federal AviationAdministration
Aircraft Cargo MPS Tests of FK-5-1-12October 25-26, 2006
MPS Tests & Results
1818 of 38Federal AviationAdministration
Aircraft Cargo MPS Tests of FK-5-1-12October 25-26, 2006
MPS Tests & Results
AEROSOL CAN SIMULATION EXPLOSION TEST RESULTS
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000
Time (msec)
Pres
ure
(psi
g) No Agent1% FK-5-1-122% FK-5-1-134.2% FK-5-1-148.1% FK-5-1-15
8.1% FK-5-1-12
1% FK-5-1-12
2% FK-5-1-12
4.2% FK-5-1-12
No Agent
1919 of 38Federal AviationAdministration
Aircraft Cargo MPS Tests of FK-5-1-12October 25-26, 2006
MPS Tests & Results
COMPARISON OF OVERPRESSURE HISTORIES OF VARIOUS AGENTS
AEROSOL CAN SIMULATION EXPLOSION TESTS
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000
Time (msec)
Pres
ure
(psi
g) No AgentHalon 1301 (2.5%)2-BTP (6.0%)HFC-125 (8.9%)FK-5-1-12 (4.2%)
2020 of 38Federal AviationAdministration
Aircraft Cargo MPS Tests of FK-5-1-12October 25-26, 2006
• Agent & System Information
• MPS Tests & Results
Status
Aerosol Can Simulation Explosion Test
Surface Burn Test
Containerized Fire Test
Bulk-Load Fire Test
• Final Remarks
Outline
2121 of 38Federal AviationAdministration
Aircraft Cargo MPS Tests of FK-5-1-12October 25-26, 2006
MPS Tests & Results
Fire Load = 0.5 U.S. Gallon of Jet A fuel (with 13 oz of gasoline) insideA 2 ft x 2 ft x 0.33 ft pan
Fire Ignition = Arc created by two electrodes
FSS Activation = 1 min. after one of the ceiling T/C reaches 200 oF
Test Duration = 5 minutes after agent discharge
Add 13 oz of gasoline to make ignition easier; add 2.5 gallons of water to reduce pan warping.
Place pan in most difficult location (1 ft)
SURFACE BURN FIRE TEST
2222 of 38Federal AviationAdministration
Aircraft Cargo MPS Tests of FK-5-1-12October 25-26, 2006
MPS Tests & Results
2323 of 38Federal AviationAdministration
Aircraft Cargo MPS Tests of FK-5-1-12October 25-26, 2006
MPS Tests & Results
SURFACE BURN TEST RESULTS ( 56.6 m3 COMPARTMENT)
Test No. Concentration Desired (Vol %) Agent Quantity (lbs) Result Comments080106T1 0 0 Fire Peak = 953 F, Area = 1631 F*min Surface Burn Baseline
080306T1 4.2 74.41 Fire Peak = 294 F, Area = 540 F*minFilled to 74.4 lbs with 360 psig N2. Test temperature was 95 degF, atm. pressure 29.83", 50% relative humidity
080306T2 0 0 Fire Peak = 972 F, Area = 1653 F*min Surface Burn baseline
2424 of 38Federal AviationAdministration
Aircraft Cargo MPS Tests of FK-5-1-12October 25-26, 2006
MPS Tests & Results
MPS SURFACE BURN TEST 080306T2 Novec 1230 Evaluation, No Agent - Baseline
0
300
600
900
1200
1500
1800
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Time (min)
Insi
de C
argo
Com
part
men
t Tem
pera
ture
(deg
F)
Ceiling 1
Ceiling 2
Ceiling 3
Ceiling 4
Ceiling 5
Ceiling 6
Ceiling 7
Ceiling 8
Ceiling 9
Ceiling 10
Ceiling 11
Ceiling 12
Ceiling 13
Ceiling 14
Ceiling 15
Ceiling 16
Ceiling 17
Ceiling 18
Peak Temp = 972 degF (522 degC)Area = 1653 degF-min (900 degC-min)
Acceptance Criteria Data
MPS SURFACE BURN TEST 080306T2 Novec 1230 Evaluation, No Agent - Baseline
0
5
10
15
20
25
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Time (min)
Volu
met
ric C
once
ntra
tion
(%) O2 - 1
O2 - 2
O2 - 3
O2 - 4
2525 of 38Federal AviationAdministration
Aircraft Cargo MPS Tests of FK-5-1-12October 25-26, 2006
MPS Tests & Results
MPS SURFACE BURN TEST 080306T1 Novec 1230 Evaluation, 4.2% Vol. Conc.
0
300
600
900
1200
1500
1800
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Time (min)
Insi
de C
argo
Com
part
men
t Tem
pera
ture
(deg
F)
Ceiling 1
Ceiling 2
Ceiling 3
Ceiling 4
Ceiling 5
Ceiling 6
Ceiling 7
Ceiling 8
Ceiling 9
Ceiling 10
Ceiling 11
Ceiling 12
Ceiling 13
Ceiling 14
Ceiling 15
Ceiling 16
Ceiling 17
Ceiling 18
Age
nt D
isch
arge
d
Acceptance Criteria Data
2-Minutes for Mixing
Peak Temp = 294 degF (145 degC)Area = 540 degF-min (282 degC-min)
MPS SURFACE BURN TEST 080306T1 Novec 1230 Evaluation, 4.2% Vol. Conc.
0
5
10
15
20
25
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Time (min)Vo
lum
etric
Con
cent
ratio
n (%
) O2 - 1
O2 - 2
O2 - 3
O2 - 4
Novec1230 - 1Novec1230 - 2Novec1230 - 3Novec1230 - 4
2626 of 38Federal AviationAdministration
Aircraft Cargo MPS Tests of FK-5-1-12October 25-26, 2006
• Agent & System Information
• MPS Tests & Results
Status
Aerosol Can Simulation Explosion Test
Surface Burn Test
Containerized Fire Test
Bulk-Load Fire Test
• Final Remarks
Outline
2727 of 38Federal AviationAdministration
Aircraft Cargo MPS Tests of FK-5-1-12October 25-26, 2006
MPS Tests & Results
Fire Load = 33 card board boxes inside an LD3. 3 LD3 in Compartment
Fire Ignition = 7 ft of nichrome wire wrapped around four folded paper towels (Energized with 120 Vac)
Two ventilation slots in main LD3 container size 12” x 3” +/-1/4 (access panel, and lower right panel)
The LD3 access panel is made out of 0.08” polycarbonate sheet
CONTAINERIZED FIRE TEST
2828 of 38Federal AviationAdministration
Aircraft Cargo MPS Tests of FK-5-1-12October 25-26, 2006
MPS Tests & Results
Test Duration = Four tests @ 30 minutes each; fifth test shallfor at least 180 minutes. Hybrid systems shall run for 180 min.
FSS Activation = 1 min. after one of the ceiling T/C reaches 200 oF
CONTAINERIZED FIRE TEST (CONT.)
2929 of 38Federal AviationAdministration
Aircraft Cargo MPS Tests of FK-5-1-12October 25-26, 2006
MPS Tests & Results
3030 of 38Federal AviationAdministration
Aircraft Cargo MPS Tests of FK-5-1-12October 25-26, 2006
MPS Tests & Results
MPS CONTAINERIZED FIRE TEST 081406T1 No Agent - Baseline
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 35.00
Time (Min)
Tem
pera
ture
(deg
F)
Ceiling 1
Ceiling 2
Ceiling 3
Ceiling 4
Ceiling 5
Ceiling 6
Ceiling 7
Ceiling 8
Ceiling 9
Ceiling 10
Ceiling 11
Ceiling 12
Ceiling 13
Ceiling 14
Ceiling 15
Ceiling 16
Ceiling 17
Ceiling 18
In Box (Fire)
Above Box(Fire)MPS Tmax
MPS Tmax = 650 degFMPS Amax = 14,040 degF * min
Tmax = 1222 degFAmax = 18,122 degF * min
MPS CONTAINERIZED FIRE TEST 081406T1 No Agent - Baseline
0
5
10
15
20
25
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Time (Min)O
xyge
n Vo
lum
etric
Con
cent
ratio
n (%
)
O2 Rack 1
O2 Rack 2
O2 Rack 3
O2 Rack 4
3131 of 38Federal AviationAdministration
Aircraft Cargo MPS Tests of FK-5-1-12October 25-26, 2006
MPS Tests & Results
MPS CONTAINERIZED FIRE TEST 081506T1 FK-5-1-12: First Discharge: 8.1%, Second Discharge: 4.2%
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (min)
Tem
pera
ture
(deg
F)
Ceiling 1Ceiling 2Ceiling 3Ceiling 4Ceiling 5Ceiling 6Ceiling 7Ceiling 8Ceiling 9Ceiling 10Ceiling 11Ceiling 12Ceiling 13Ceiling 14Ceiling 15Ceiling 16Ceiling 17Ceiling 18In Box (Fire)Above Box (Fire)MPS Tmax
MPS Tmax = 650 degFMPS Amax = 14,040 degF * min
Tmax = 189 degFAmax = 4735 degF * min
MPS CONTAINERIZED FIRE TEST 081506T1 FK-5-1-12: First Discharge: 8.1%, Second Discharge: 4.2%
0
5
10
15
20
25
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (min)
Tem
pera
ture
(deg
F)
O2 Rack 1
O2 Rack 2
O2 Rack 3
O2 Rack 4 (LD3)
Novec 1230 Rack 1
Novec 1230 Rack 2
Novec 1230 Rack 3
Novec 1230 Rack 4(LD3)Novec Average (123)
Data for Analysis
3232 of 38Federal AviationAdministration
Aircraft Cargo MPS Tests of FK-5-1-12October 25-26, 2006
• Agent & System Information
• MPS Tests & Results
Status
Aerosol Can Simulation Explosion Test
Surface Burn Test
Containerized Fire Test
Bulk-Load Fire Test
• Final Remarks
Outline
3333 of 38Federal AviationAdministration
Aircraft Cargo MPS Tests of FK-5-1-12October 25-26, 2006
MPS Tests & Results
Fire Load = 178 card board boxes (30% of Vol.) containing 2.5 lbs of shredded office paper (strips, not confetti) at standard room temp.
Fire Ignition = 7 ft of nichrome wire wrapped around four folded paper towels (Energized with 120 Vac) inside box (with 1” holes).
Fire Suppression System Activation = 1 minute after one of the ceiling T/C reaches 200 oF
Test Duration = Four tests @ 30 minutes each; fifth test shallfor at least 180 minutes. Hybrid systems shall run for 180 min.
Boxes nominal dimensions: 18’x18”x18”
BULK-LOAD FIRE TEST
3434 of 38Federal AviationAdministration
Aircraft Cargo MPS Tests of FK-5-1-12October 25-26, 2006
MPS Tests & Results
Ignited Box
178 Cardboard Boxes
3535 of 38Federal AviationAdministration
Aircraft Cargo MPS Tests of FK-5-1-12October 25-26, 2006
MPS Tests & Results
MPS BULK-LOAD FIRE TEST 082106T1No Agent - Baseline
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (min)
Tem
pera
ture
(deg
F)
Ceiling 1
Ceiling 2
Ceiling 3
Ceiling 4
Ceiling 5
Ceiling 6
Ceiling 7
Ceiling 8
Ceiling 9
Ceiling 10
Ceiling 11
Ceiling 12
Ceiling 13
Ceiling 14
Ceiling 15
Ceiling 16
Ceiling 17
Ceiling 18
In Box
Above Box
MPS Tmax
MPS Tmax = 720 degFMPS Amax = 9,940 degF * min
Tmax = 1016 degF Amax = 13,446 degF*min
MPS BULK-LOAD FIRE TEST 082106T1No Agent - Baseline
0
5
10
15
20
25
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (min)Vo
lum
etric
Con
c. (%
) O2 Rack 1
O2 Rack 2
O2 Rack 3
O2 Rack 4
Dat
a fo
r Ana
lysi
s
3636 of 38Federal AviationAdministration
Aircraft Cargo MPS Tests of FK-5-1-12October 25-26, 2006
MPS Tests & Results
3737 of 38Federal AviationAdministration
Aircraft Cargo MPS Tests of FK-5-1-12October 25-26, 2006
MPS Tests & Results
MPS BULK-LOAD FIRE TEST 082306T1FK-5-1-12: Discharge 1 = 97.7 lbs (5.5%), Discharge 2 = 74 lbs (Metered)
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (min)
Tem
pera
ture
(deg
F)
Ceiling 1
Ceiling 2
Ceiling 3
Ceiling 4
Ceiling 5
Ceiling 6
Ceiling 7
Ceiling 8
Ceiling 9
Ceiling 10
Ceiling 11
Ceiling 12
Ceiling 13
Ceiling 14
Ceiling 15
Ceiling 16
Ceiling 17
Ceiling 18
In Box
Above Box
MPS Tmax
No more agent available in the metered system
Fire Re-flashed
Tmax = 1752 degF Areamax = 11,922 degF*min
MPS Tmax = 720 degFMPS Amax = 9,940 degF * min
MPS BULK-LOAD FIRE TEST 082306T1FK-5-1-12: Discharge 1 = 97.7 lbs (5.5%), Discharge 2 = 74 lbs (Metered)
0
5
10
15
20
25
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (min)
Volu
met
ric C
onc.
(%)
O2 Rack 1O2 Rack 2O2 Rack 3O2 Rack 4Agent Rack 1Agent Rack 2Agent Rack 3Agent Rack 4Agent Average
Dat
a fo
r Ana
lysi
s
3838 of 38Federal AviationAdministration
Aircraft Cargo MPS Tests of FK-5-1-12October 25-26, 2006
• Agent & System Information
• MPS Tests & Results
Status
Aerosol Can Simulation Explosion Test
Surface Burn Test
Containerized Fire Test
Bulk-Load Fire Test
• Final Remarks
Outline
3939 of 38Federal AviationAdministration
Aircraft Cargo MPS Tests of FK-5-1-12October 25-26, 2006
Final Remarks
FK-5-1-12: AIRCRAFT CARGO COMPARTMENT MPS TEST RESULTSMPS TEST PASS FAIL COMMENTS
Aerosol Can Explosion Simulation Test X
Modified Test: added air to electrodes to make them arc. Explosion enhancement at below inert concentration. 13 tests conducted.
Surface Burn Test X 1 out of 5 tests conducted
Containerized Test X 1 out of 5 tests conducted
Bulk-Load Test XFire re-ignited ~ 3 minutes after the agent was discharged. It reflashed for a second time after the metering agent was consumed. 1 out of 5 tests conducted
For this fire protection application, FK-5-1-12 (as configured and tested) is not effective because it did not meet the FAA acceptance criteria in its entirety.
4040 of 38Federal AviationAdministration
Aircraft Cargo MPS Tests of FK-5-1-12October 25-26, 2006
Final RemarksSuggestion on solutions to meet Aircraft Cargo Compartment MPS acceptance criteria:Aerosol Can Simulation Explosion & Bulk-Load Tests:
• Maintain agent at inert concentration at all times
• Or, maintain oxygen level in cargo compartment below 12% using inert gas
• Or, combine agent and inert gas system (three-stage discharge):
FK-5-1-12 HRD Inert Gas HRD Inert Gas LRD (Knockdown Flames Prevent Re-ignition Suppress for long period of time)