Federal Aviation Administration Presented to: 2008 US/Europe International Aviation Safety Conference By: Robert W. Reich, Asst Manager (Operations), Seattle

Federal AviationAdministration

Presented to: 2008 US/Europe International Aviation Safety Conference

By: Robert W. Reich, Asst Manager (Operations), Seattle Aircraft Evaluation Group

Date: June 4, 2008

Looking to the Future

Global ETOPS/LROPSImplementation: Timetables and Approaches

2 2Federal AviationAdministration

Global ETOPS/LROPS Implementation: Timetables and ApproachesJune 4, 2008

New U.S. ETOPS Regulations• January 8, 2007 – Signed by FAA Administrator

• January 16, 2007 – Federal Register publication Docket No. FAA-2002-6717

• February 15, 2007 – Effective Date for all twins in part 121

• September 4, 2007 – AC120.42B and AC135-ETOPS in Federal Register Docket No. FAA-2002-

6717

• February 15, 2008 – Effective date for all aircraft in part 121

• August 13, 2008 – Extension of Effective date for 2-engine commuter and on-demand operations

• June 2008 – ETOPS Advisory Circulars to be Published



New U.S. ETOPS Regulations• ETOPS Rule Initiative Announced in January, 2000

• ARAC ETOPS Working Group Formed in June 2000 – 50+ members

• Airplane & engine manufacturers • U.S. and international airlines• Regulators (FAA, CAA, JAA,TCCA) • Pilot groups • Industry organizations, airlines and passenger advocates

• Recommendations submitted to the FAA on December 16, 2002 – 2 ½ years of deliberations– Industry consensus



New U.S. ETOPS Regulations

The concept of ETOPS has not changed

• PRECLUDE a diversion by designing reliable airplane, engines and systems and properly maintaining those airplanes throughout their operational life.

• PROTECT the diversion by having operational plans in place for the protection of passengers and crew



New U.S. ETOPS Regulations• PURPOSE

– Manage the risk in all extended operations• Longer diversions • Aviation infrastructure in remote areas• New route authorities and operating areas• Technology advances in long-range flying• Preclude and Protect Diversions

–Develop standardized requirements for extended operations for all airplanes regardless of the number of engines

–Continue and build on the success of previous guidance –Learn from previous experience– Instill same awareness and cooperation between

maintenance and operations across all airplane fleets



New U.S. ETOPS Regulations Risk Assessment• The FAA is projecting between 400 and 500 diversions during the

next sixteen years on long-range flights• North Polar Operations

- U.S. operations expected to double from 1600 to 3200 by 2010.

- EASA/JAA estimate 39,000 industry flights over North Polar Area by 2010

• Antarctica

- currently minimal flights – industry predicts 3200/year by 2010

• Canadian Arctic

- Operations rose from 85,000 in 1999 to 142,000 in 2004. Transport Canada predicts 7% yearly

increase.



SUCCESS OF 2-ENGINE ETOPS

• In the past 20 years the reliability of engines has doubled

– Engine reliability today, as measured by the in-flight shutdown (IFSD) rate is better than one-half the rates experienced in the 1980s.

– Reliability of engines on twins is such that risk of “critical failure” is the same as 3- and 4-engine

• Increase in operations from 1000/month to over 1200/day (1985 – 2004)



SUCCESS OF 2-ENGINE ETOPS

• Progressive step-process of responding to industry needs

• Proactive process of mitigating risk– Risk analysis

– Equivalent level of safety

– Application of SMS principles

• Preclude and Protect diversions– Airplane engines and systems designed for reliability and the

operation

– Maintenance procedures – proactive and designed to avoid human errors

– Operational training and plan for enroute diversions



Previous ETOPS in the U.S.

• Definition – Extended Range Operations with two-

engine Airplanes

• Application – All 2-engine turbojet airplanes operated in air carrier

operations– Routings that are greater than 60 minutes from an

adequate airport– Maximum approvals limited to 180 minutes world-

wide and 207 minutes in the North Pacific Area




• New Definition – “Extended Operations”

• Codification of current 2-engine ETOPS guidance

– All operations from 60 minutes to 180 minutes from an available alternate (including 207 minutes in North Pacific Area)

• Application of ETOPS requirements on all passenger-carrying airplanes more than 180 minutes from an alternate

– New 2-engine airplane approval for this operation– New requirements for commuter & on-demand operations– New requirements for airplanes with more than two engines




• Geographic Application

– ETOPS where routings are beyond 3 hours from an adequate airport

• North Polar Area (for two-engine airplanes)• South Polar Area • Oceanic areas of the Southern Hemisphere

– South Atlantic– Southeastern South Pacific– Indian Ocean



747-400 180 Minutes Etops

Maputo

Seoul

60 Deg S

78 Deg S

Easter Is.

Lima

Mexico City

San Jose

Puerto Vallarta

Punta Arenas

Buenos Aires

Santiago

Rio De Janeiro

San Jose Cabo

Acapulco

Cape Town

Upington

Seattle

San FranciscoNew York

Gander

Goose Bay

LongyearbyenPituffik

Fairbanks

WhitehorseIqaluit

Yellowknife

Churchill

London

Madrid

Dakar

Recife

Windhoek

Paramaribo

Georgetown

Monrovia

Comodoro Rivadavia

Mount Pleasant

Luanda

Libreville

Rio Gallegos

Tenerife

Santa Maria

OsloReykjavik

Montevideo

King Salmon

Honolulu

Nadi

RarotongaBrisbane

AucklandSydneyPerth

Adelaide

Learmonth

Jakarta

Bangkok

Male

Melbourne Christchurch

Hao IslandMauritius

JohannesburgDurban

Medan

Diego Garcia

Anchorage

Cold Bay

Murmansk

Moscow

NorilskYakutsk

Anadyr

Magadan

Bratsk

TokyoTaipei

Guam

Wake Is.

Istanbul

Cairo

Harare

Majuro

Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk

Entebbe

Hobart

Midway Is.Delhi

Beijing

TiksiHatanga

Petropavlovsk-Kamcha

Khabarovsk

Sapporo

Hilo

Shemya

747-400/PW4056Area of Operation: 1,520 nm

180-minute ETOPS – 3&4-engines




General Requirements

• Same as previous ETOPS requirements

– ETOPS certification of the airplane and engine

– ETOPS operational approval of the operator



ETOPS Operational Approval

1. Based on a particular engine-airplane combination

2. Given for a particular “ETOPS Area of Operation”

3. Authority based on an ETOPS operating area and “maximum diversion time”




1. Based on a particular engine-airplane combination

• 2-engine

• Must be type-design approved for ETOPS up to the requirements of operating authority

• Approved under current guidance need not reapply for ETOPS up to 180 minutes (and 207 minutes)

• Existing type-certificated airplanes may be approved up to 180 minutes without meeting new certification requirements (fuel system pressure and flow, low fuel alerting and engine oil tank design)

• May apply for new ETOPS authorities beyond 180 minutes once airplane receives appropriate ETOPS type design



ETOPS Operational Approval1. Based on a particular engine-airplane

combination

More than 2-engine (passenger-carrying)

• Airplanes manufactured prior to February 17, 2015 may operate in ETOPS without ETOPS type design

• Airplanes manufactured on or after February 17, 2015 must be type design approved

• Once an airplane (make & model) receives ETOPS approval under 25.1535, all aircraft of the same type must adhere to the requirements of the ETOPS type design and all operational requirements for ETOPS time-limited systems




2. Given for a particular “ETOPS Area of Operations”

• 2-engine• Approval up to 240-minute ETOPS based on specific operating

regions (similar to past guidance)• Approval beyond 240 minutes based on specific city pairs

• More than 2-engine (passenger-carrying)

• ETOPS approval not limited to geographic areas• ETOPS authority based on the FAA approved maximum time-

limited airplane system restriction




• More than 2 engine (passenger-carrying) – Those certificate holders who, on February 15, 2008, have the

authority to operate on specific non-ETOPS routes that under the new definition are classified as ETOPS routes, are not required to re-apply for their specific route authority.

– From February 15, 2008, the certificate holder is required to comply with all the ETOPS flight operational requirements and must have their ETOPS program and all ETOPS processes

approved by the FAA.



ETOPS Rule – Compliance Dates• Type Design Requirements

– Air Carrier• Twins

– Current 180 approved • exempt from added requirements

– Beyond 180 • subject to all certification requirements

• 3 & 4-engine– 8 years (production cut-in)

– Commuter & On-Demand • All airplanes

– 8 years (production cut-in)

•



ETOPS Rule – Compliance Dates

• Operational Requirements– All operations (except air carrier ETOPS twins)

• 1 year compliance for general applications (February 16, 2008

—SATCOM—ETOPS training—Passenger recovery plans—ETOPS Maintenance program (Commuter & On-

demand twins)– Cargo fire suppression systems

• Air Carrier 3&4 engine – 6 years• Commuter & On-Demand (all airplanes) – 8 years



ETOPS Rule – Global Harmonization• Past ETOPS Guidance (1985 -2000)

– Air Carrier 2-engine operations– Effectively Harmonized

• Efforts to update ETOPS guidance (2000-2007)– Proposed for 2-engine and 3&4-engine – Minor differences

• severe climate airports/US Polar Policy – same concept, different approaches• IFSD thresholds• area applications

– U.S. ATA ETOPS Working Group and ETOPS ARAC – JAA/EASA ETOPS/LROPS Working Group – Australia (CAA), NZ (CAA) ETOPS proposals

• Current/Proposed new ETOPS regulations (2007 - Present)– U.S. and Australia regulations published – Similar requirements and application– New Zealand NPRM – similar to US and Australia– Canadian Proposed regulations

• 2-engine proposal complete• severe climate airports - in work• 3&4-engine applications – on agenda

– EASA NPA 2008-01• Necessary impetus for 2-engine operations – similar• 3&4-engine application removed for expedience and further review

Documents

Federal Aviation Administration Presented to: 2008 US/Europe International Aviation Safety Conference By: Robert W. Reich, Asst Manager (Operations), Seattle