Federal Aviation Administration Navigation Services Overview Briefing to Air Traffic Management Bureau of the Civil Aviation Administration of China (CAAC)

Federal AviationAdministration

Navigation Services Overview

Briefing to

Air Traffic Management Bureau of the Civil Aviation Administration of China

(CAAC)

atStanford University

JC JohnsDirectorNavigation Services

2Federal AviationAdministration

CAAC Air Traffic Management Bureau Visit to Stanford UniversityApril 20, 2009

Navigation Services VisionNavigation Services Vision• Provide safesafe andand cost effective cost effective position,

navigation, and timing services (PNTPNT) to meet the operational needs of aviation customers.

StreamlinedStreamlinedDeparturesDepartures

VectorVector--FreeFreeArrivalsArrivals

AllAll--WeatherWeatherApproachesApproaches

Efficient, Flexible RoutingEfficient, Flexible Routing



FAA Satellite Navigation Program



Localizer (Lateral Guidance - VHF Frequencies)

Glideslope(Vertical Guidance - UHF Frequencies)

VHF Omnidirectional

Range

Distance Measuring Equipment

(Slant Range - UHF)

Ground-Based Navigation AidesGround-Based Navigation Aides•Only a handful of ILS are being added (congressional)

•Sustainment effort is minimal and focused on MK-1D and MK-1E systems

•Long Term sustainment effort will be focused on Cat II/III runways

•Only a handful of ILS are being added (congressional)

•Sustainment effort is minimal and focused on MK-1D and MK-1E systems

•Long Term sustainment effort will be focused on Cat II/III runways

•DME service continues well into the future

•Sustainment effort robust, replacing obsolete systems

•Establishing efforts ongoing in support of CFIT(CAST)

•NextGen initiative to support enroute and terminal solutions

•DME service continues well into the future

•Sustainment effort robust, replacing obsolete systems

•Establishing efforts ongoing in support of CFIT(CAST)

•NextGen initiative to support enroute and terminal solutions

•VOR drawdown has begun

•Each legacy VOR that is eliminated reduces overall cost to FAA

•Critical VORs will be maintained at certain waypoints and facilities for the foreseeable future

•VOR drawdown has begun

•Each legacy VOR that is eliminated reduces overall cost to FAA

•Critical VORs will be maintained at certain waypoints and facilities for the foreseeable future



Lighting Systems

• Maintaining Safety Standards and Requirements

– To help enable instrument approaches at airports

• Types of Airport lighting currently being addressed

– PAPI, VASI, MALSR, ALSF, REIL, Taxiway Indicators

• New Initiative– Reducing Life-Cycle Cost of Lighting Systems:

• Maintenance costs

– Energy consumption reduction• LEDs

• Maintaining Safety Standards and Requirements

– To help enable instrument approaches at airports

• Types of Airport lighting currently being addressed

– PAPI, VASI, MALSR, ALSF, REIL, Taxiway Indicators

• New Initiative– Reducing Life-Cycle Cost of Lighting Systems:

• Maintenance costs

– Energy consumption reduction• LEDs



Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS) Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS) ArchitectureArchitecture

38 Reference

Stations

3 Master

Stations

4 Ground

Earth Stations

2 Geostationary

Satellite Links

2 Operational

Control Centers



WAAS GEOs

Telesat107W

PanAmSat133W



WAAS LPV Service Area



Global SBAS Coverage



WAAS Benefits• Serves all classes of aircraft during flight operations in all weather conditions

at all locations throughout the National Airspace System (NAS) • Provides precise navigation and landing guidance to pilots at all airports,

including thousands that have no ground-based navigation aids• Overcomes obstacles to ground-based systems, such as mountainous terrain• Reduces operating and maintenance costs associated with ground-based

navigation aids• Makes more airspace usable to pilots, provides more direct en route paths,

and provides new precision approach services to runway ends• Through international cooperation provides a global navigation system for all

users• WAAS addresses the following performance gaps:

– Lack of precise navigation capabilities that can handle the continuing growth in air traffic

– Lack of stable vertical guidance in all weather conditions

– Inconsistencies in global use of GPS and its augmentations

– Aging of navigation systems that are expensive to maintain



Ground Based Augmentation System (GBAS)Capabilities

• Represented in the US by Local Area Augmentation System (LAAS)

• One LAAS covers multiple runway ends• LAAS eliminates ILS critical areas• Supports offset landing thresholds and

flexible glide-path to mitigate wake turbulence

• Contributing technology for high precision terminal area navigation services

– Closely Spaced Parallel Approach– Simultaneous Independent Approach

• Precise positioning for terminal area navigation RNAV and RNP

• Benefits:– Replaces aging navigation systems that are expensive to maintain– Increases efficiency of arrival and departure operations and improves usage

of runway capacity– Supports fuel efficiency and noise abatement initiatives– Improves access to airports during extremely low visibility operations



GBAS, GBAS Prototypes, and SCAT-1 Installations

•Multiple companies researching/developing versions of GBAS

•USA – Honeywell / Raytheon (JPALS) - France - Thales

•Russia - NPPF Spectr - Denmark – GM Merc/Lens,

•Japan – JCAB/ENRI - Korea - KARA,

S-CAT I

Installed

Planned



Airline Commitments• Aircraft with GBAS capability today: 53(Continental, Qantas, Air Berlin, TuiFly,

Sonair, Air Vanatu, FedEx)• 60+ Airlines have ordered GBAS capable Boeing/Airbus aircraft• Boeing orders estimated at 1000+ airplanes (B787, B747-8, B737NG)

• GBAS standard on B787 and B 747-8

B 787 orders A 380 orders with GBAS option

895 orders by 57 customers



Automatic Dependent Surveillance (ADS-B)Automatic Dependent Surveillance (ADS-B)



Questions

Documents

Federal Aviation Administration Navigation Services Overview Briefing to Air Traffic Management Bureau of the Civil Aviation Administration of China (CAAC)