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WelcometothePGCInternationalWebinarSeries
featuring:
R.C.(Raj)GoyalArchitecturalTesting,Inc.
PGCInternationalisnotresponsibleforthecontentsofpresentations,includingtheAssociationswebinarseries.Theviews
expressedbythePresentersdonotnecessarilyrepresentthoseofPGCInternational,itsofficers,directors,oremployees.Byviewingorotherwise
participatinginthepresentationofthisPGCInternationalwebinar,theviewerexpresslywaivesanyclaimheorshemayhaveagainstPGCInternational,
itsofficers,directors,employees,or
agentsbasedinwholeorinpartupontheviewersrelianceuponthecontentofthatpresentation.
Protective Glazing Council International
2009-2-27 RCGoyal 2
WEBINAR
R.C. [email protected]
TerroristAttacksLetUsNotForget
2009-2-27 RCGOYAL
al
Blast Hazard Mitigation
Designing For BlastUFC 4-010-01
(DOD Standard 10)
Raj
Goy
a
2003 Graham Architectural Products
R.C. (Raj) GoyalBusiness Development
Architectural Testing Inc.951-972-2428
al
Blast Hazard MitigationDesigningforBlastLoads
Blast Windows and DoorsUFC-DOD RequirementsWindow
PerformanceCharge Weights and PressuresDOD-UFC 4-010-01 2003 &
2007
Raj
Goy
a
2003 Graham Architectural Products
DOD UFC 4 010 01 2003 & 2007Glass DesignFrame DesignAnchors
and FastenersOverall Requirements for DesignGSA, DOD Testing and
CertificationNo Short Cuts, LIFE Safety
DamageFromBlastWave
Blastpressureofover15PSIcanruptureeardrumsandcollapsethelungsorcrushtheskull.
Oklahomafederalbuildingbombblastin1995wasintheorderof4000PSI.
2009-2-27 RCGoyal 6
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CollateralDamageLossofLife,BusinessDisruption,PropertyDamage
RCGoyal 7
Financial Institutions and Businesses 2009-2-27
BlastWaveExtremeRapidReleaseofEnergy
PeakPressureOccursinstantaneouslyDissipatesexponentially
PositivePhaseDuration
Timethepressureactspositivelyonanobject
Impulse (Cumulative Pressure over
Time)Impulse(CumulativePressureoverTime) Areaunderpressuretimecurve
Measureofthetotalenergyactingonanobject
NegativePhaseDuration Rushofairtofillthevoidbehindtheblastwave
PullstheproductandfragmentstotheexteriorEnergyisinverselyproportionaltodistancecubed
82009-2-27 RCGoyal
TypesofBlastHazards PrimaryFragments
FlyingGlass Flyatspeedsgreaterthan200ft/second(136mph)
Flying Building DebrisFlyingBuildingDebris SecondaryFragment
ShrapnelRocks,Dirt,Etc.
StructuralCollapse/Damage
9RCGoyal2009-2-27
HazardFromFlyingGlass
RCGoyal 102009-2-27
DesigningStructurestoResistExplosionsandNaturalandIntentionalHarm
Terroristbombthreats Accidentalexplosions(Refineries)
Forcedentry Hurricane Typhoon Wind
SeismicHurricane,Typhoon,Wind,Seismic Air,Water,Structural
Thermal,Acoustical RFI,RadioFrequencyInterference Ballistics
FER,ForcedEntryResistance
RCGoyal 112009-2-27
ThreatAssessment
Threats:suitcase,backpack,smallcar,largetruck,semitruck,etc.
Themosteffectiveprotectionistokeeptheexplosivesawayfromthebuilding
Bollards Parkingcontrol Trafficcontrol(ControlledParameter)
Parkinglotlocations Physicalsecurity/surveillance
Impactofthethreatonthebuilding&people122009-2-27 RCGoyal
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ChargeWeightandStandoff
ChargeWeight Amountofexplosivesused(TNTequivalent)
Standoff Distancefrompointofdetonation
How do they relateHowdotheyrelate
Aschargeweightincreases,peakpressureincreases
Pressuredecreasesexponentiallywithstandoffdistance
Asstandoffdistanceincreases,peakpressuredecreases,andduration&Impulsechanges
132009-2-27 RCGoyal
Pressure/Duration/ImpulseDurationisCumulativePressureoverTime
RCGoyal 142009-2-27
Identifying a Threat Level Mid to High Rise Buildings
Structure
Height Above Ground (Lower Pressure)
RCGoyal 15
Charge Weight in Pounds
Stand-off Distance
TNT load equivalentCreate Larger Standoff distance Height of
glazing
2009-2-27 RCGoyal 162009-2-27
RCGoyal 172009-2-27
ISO16933&16934 ExplosionResistantSecurityGlazing
d Cl ifi i f A i ISO16933
TestandClassificationforArenaTestingISO16933
TestandClassificationforShockTubeTestingISO16934
Laminated architectural glass (LAG) provides time to for
assessment and action.
2009-2-27 RCGoyal 18
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ASTMF1642&AAMA510
ASTMF164204
StandardTestMethodforGlazingandGlazingSystemsSubjecttoAirblastLoadings.
AAMA51006
GuideSpecificationsandcertificationforblasthazardmitigationoffenestrationsystemsbasedonstandardtestysizes.
19RCGoyal2009-2-27
Energy&Sustainability
BuildingcoderequirementsforUvalueandsolarheatgainaffectsecurityglazing
Highperformancecoatingsutilizedl l h d
InsulatingglassunitswithWarmEdgespacer
providebetterthermalperformance
Glazingprovidesdaylightingandviews
20RCGoyal2009-2-27
UFC 4-010-01 StandoffDistance33Feet
StandoffDistance82Feet
WeightofChargeTNT(lbs)
Rating(PSI)
Impulse(PSIMSEC)
Rating(PSI)
Duration(PSIMSEC)
10 10.1 24.3 2.6 9.2
20 15.7 33.9 3.5 14.855 33.6 81.7 5.8 29.7100 56.6 124.7 7.9
44.9
200 109.5 206.8 11.9 72.7
500 275 408.6 22.3 138.7
Data generated by ATBLAST By ARA21RCGoyal2009-2-27
ProposedChangestoASTMF2248HighPressure LowImpulse
Lamiw/0.060PVB MinimalHazard P=8.9psi I=42psimsec screws at four
jamb screwsatfourjambcorners screwsbending
tearinginframewallatconnectionspushinglimitsofASTMF2248
RCGoyal 222009-2-27
ProposedChangestoASTMF2248LowPressureHighImpulse
Lamiw/0.060PVB HighHazard Blowout,
framehitwall,foldedin,glazingretained,notearsinPVB.
P=7.7psi I=71psimsec HazLrupturethreshold screwsatfourjamb
corners failedinbending/shear
RCGoyal 232009-2-27
ASTMF164204
Proceduresfortheevaluationofhazardsofglazingorglazingsystemscomparedtospecificairblastloading
Providesaratingsystemtoevaluatethehazardsofthewindowforaspecifiedblastloading
Testin Req irements
24
TestingRequirementsTestingFacilities
TestingLayout
ReportingProcesses
BlastLevelScaling
RCGoyal2009-2-27
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ASTMF1642TestMethodHazardClassifications
1 No break Glazing does not fracture and no damage to the
framing system2 No hazard Glazing fractures but is fully
retained
in the frame
3 Minimum h d
The glazing fractures and is not fully i d i h f
25
a hazard retained in the frame
3b
Very Low Hazard
The glazing fractures and is not fully retained in the frame
4 Low Hazard The glazing fractures and is mostly retained in the
frame
5 High Hazard Glazing fails catastrophicallyRCGoyal2009-2-27
GSA/ISC InteragencySecurityCommittee
26
Conditions to evaluate the hazards under blast loading to
determine how well the window performed
ASTM F 1642 & ISC Hazard Classification
1Air Blast
igh Ha
zard -
No Pr
otecti
on
Injury Hazard Classification
DOD
RCGoyal 27
12
3a 3b
4
5
10 ft (3 m)
3.3 ft (1 m)
2 ft(0.6 m)
High
Low - M
edium
Hazar
d-
Low- M
edium
Prote
ction
Low Ha
zard -
High P
rotectio
n
Interagency Security Committee = ISC2009-2-27
ArenaTestChargeWeightandDistance
RCGoyal 282009-2-27
FPED5Quantico,Va.April21,200550Lbs.TNT@55Ft.
RCGoyal 292009-2-27
ShockTube
RCGoyal 30
Courtesy of Baker Engineering and Risk San Antonio, Texas,
USA
2009-2-27
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Fixed6800SideView SacrificialStandardArchitecturalWindow
AW80AW130
RCGoyal 312009-2-27
Fixed6800(Passed)AW80AW130Modified6PSI/40PSIMSEC
RCGoyal 322009-2-27
Casement6800(Passed) RedesignedAW70
6PSI/40PSIMSEC
RCGoyal 332009-2-27
Fixed6800(Failed)at10PSIAW80AW130Redesigned
RCGoyal 342009-2-27
DisastrousGlassFailure@10psiProgressiveDesignProcess
RCGoyal 352009-2-27
6PSI42KPaVs.32PSI/224KPa
RCGoyal 362009-2-27
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BasisofProtection
LaminatedGlassis
.TheKeytoProtection
In minimizing hazardous flying debris, .80-90% of injuries can
be prevented.
RCGoyal 372009-2-27
UFC401001Standard10
Atastandoffdistanceof82feet(25M)mandatesalowlevelofprotectionperUFC401001.
Atastandoffdistanceof33feet(10M)mandatesablastmitigationathigherlevels.AskforChargeWeightandStandoffDistance
RCGoyal 382009-2-27
UFC 4-101-01 Standard 10- LOP
2009-02-27 RCGoyal 392009-2-27 RCGoyal 39
UFC 4-101-01 Standard 10 (LOP)
2009-02-27 RCGoyal 4040RCGoyal2009-2-27
Lower the Protection = Higher the Hazard
2009-02-27 RCGoyal 412009-2-27 RCGoyal 41
UFC401001Oct.2003Criteria
Mustbestructurallyglazedifbiteis3/8ortheproductmusthaveaminimum1glazingbite.
B3.1,(Standardforwindows,skylights,andglazeddoors)Appliestoproductsupto32SF.
B3.1.2.1,(Framememberdesign)
Equivalentstaticpressureof1PSI.Max.DeflectionL/60
Simple1PSI(7kpa)staticpressureproductwillnotmeetthisp ( p ) p
pcriteria,MustbeStaticequivalentofDynamicload
B3.1.2.3,(ConnectionDesign)
Connectionsincludingglazingstopandhardwareconnectionsmustmeeta.10.8PSI(75KPa)forvisionarealessthan1squaremeter(10.8sf)b.4.4PSI(30KPa)forvisionareasbetween10.8SF(1SM)to32SF(3SM).
RCGoyal 422009-2-27
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USDODUFCBlastSpecifications
1PSI(7KPa)StaticEquivalentDesigndidNotMean1PSI(7KPa)StaticDesignLoad
Themostmisunderstoodcriteria
UFC401001Criteria,Oct.2003
(ThiswascorrectedinJan.2007edition)
RCGoyal 432009-2-27
UFCMyths
Conventionalconstructionstandoffmet;Noneedforglazingprotection
False(X)
Projectspecsdonotlistprotectionwithconventionalstandoffdistance,Noneedforprotection
False(X)
BiddersneednotaskusforclarificationwhenspecsdonotmentionUFC/ATFPrequirements
False(X)(RequestForInformation RFI)
RCGoyal 442009-2-27
UFC401001Min.Criteria Jan.07 SeeStandard10,Change1,UFC401001
Purposeistominimizehazardstopersonnelcausedbyglazing
Appliestowindows,skylightsandglazeddoors.Glazeddoorsmovedtostandard12
Appliestoonlynewandexistinginhabitedbuildingscoveredbythestandardandincludesdiscussiononleasedfacilities
Appliesevenifconventionalstandoffdistancesorgreaterdistancesforlowlevelofprotectionareprovided
2009-2-27 RCGoyal45
UFC401001Jan22,2007 Applicabletoallprojectsafter2004(BCOption)
Noreferenceto7Kpa(1PSI)load
GlasspressuresperASTMF2248,3secondresponse GlassdesignperASTME1300
MinimumglasssizeLaminated(.030Interlayer) FramedesignperUFCCriteria
ConnectioncalculationsperUFCcriteria Wordminimumstandoffdeleted
Residential,13housesormoremustprovideprotectionBasedonChargeweightandDistance
46RCGoyal2009-2-27
SystemsApproach
Windowsystemmustbedesignedtopreventdeadlyglassshardsfromflyingintotheroom.
Glassshouldremainintheframe. Framemuststayattachedtothewall.
Wallmustremainintacttoholdframe. Anchors must be evaluated for each
product Anchorsmustbeevaluatedforeachproductapplication.
Anchorsmustbeevaluatedforeachwallsubstrate.
DesignedtoAbsorborResistloads
ExplosiveTestingand/orDesignCalculations
RCGoyal 472009-2-27
StructuralGlazingRequirement
Silicone Sealant
Width and Depth of Sealant Determined by glass design
RCGoyal 482009-2-27
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AnalyzingCombinationWindows
1 2 2 1
#1 and #2 must meet the Blast Loads
RCGoyal 49
1 2 1
2009-2-27
HighPressureProducts
Thedesigncriteriaandtestrequirementsforhighpressurewindowsaremuchdifferentbuttheproceduresandcautionsaresame.
Mustdeterminepressuresandimpulsesfromthe Charge weight and the
Standoff distancetheChargeweightandtheStandoffdistance.
GSA4PSI/28PSIMSEC DOJ6PSI/42PSIMSECOR10PSI/89PSIMSEC
DOSASNEEDBASIS
RCGoyal 502009-2-27
Windowresponseprovidedintermsofhazardtopersonnel
UFCuseshazarddescriptionsasprovidedbydefinitionsinASTMF1642
OtheragenciesusedifferentcriteriaWellestablishedproceduresexistfordesigning
indo s a ainst blast load itho t fract re (first
Window Response to Blast Load
windowsagainstblastloadwithoutfracture(firstcrackdesign)
Currentterroristthreatshavecreateddesireforreducinghazardsfromwindowglazingfragmentscausedbyblast.Designtoresistablastloadwithoutglazingfractureiscostprohibitive.Therefore,thedesignphilosophyisthatglazingmayfracturebutnotcausehazardstopersonnel.
2009-2-27 RCGoyal51
UFC401001Jan.2007DesignProcess
DetermineLOPandPressuresfortheProject
DetermineGlassPressureASTMF2248 DetermineGlazingdesignfromE1300
Determineframingsystemload DetermineAnchorloads
Determineloadstosubstrate
RCGoyal 522009-2-27
2009-02-27 RCGoyal 532009-2-27 RCGoyal 53 2009-02-27
RCGoyal54
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UFC401001GlazingCriteria
Jan.07Glazing:Onlylaminatedglassaddressed
DesignperASTMF2248andE1300,with
modificationusingtablesB2andB3,forverylowandlowhazardlevels
ModificationsnecessarysinceASTMF2248procedure is for a minimal
hazard rating
=procedureisforaminimalhazardrating=mediumlevelofprotection
Useminimuminchlaminatedglasspaneconsistingof2
panesof1/8inchANand0.030inchPVBinterlayer
ChartinASTMF2248haslimitedrangethereforerefertoDoD
SecurityEngineeringFacilitiesDesignManualwhenoutsidetherangeofthechart
55RCGoyal2009-2-27
UFC 4-010-01 Glazing Criteria Jan. 07 Glazing Frame Bite: Refer
to requirements of ASTM F2248 For structurally glazed windows use
bead width
equal to 1 but not more than 2 times thicknessof glass to which
it adheres, but no less than 3/8-inch3/8 inch For single pane
glazing apply to both sides For IGU apply to inboard side
For glazing tape use 2 times but not more than 4 times thickness
of glass to which it adheres
Criteria for dry glazed will be a minimum of 4times thickness of
glass, Still under development
56RCGoyal2009-2-27
UFC401001FrameCriteria Jan.07
Frames: AluminumorSteel PerASTMF2248 limit
deflectionsto1/160ofthelengthofthesupportedglazingedgeatallowablestressfortwotimestheglazingresistance
AppliestoallwindowandskylightcomponentsFramesMullionsSashes
Mayrequireseriousmodificationforreuseofexistingframesinexistingbuildings
57RCGoyal2009-2-27
UFC401001Connections Jan.07Connections:
Appliestoallconnectionswithinthewindow
andFromwindowtothesurroundingstructure
Use2xtheequivalentglazingresistance,Applyasauniformloadoverthefaceofwindowandframewindow
and frame
Designatallowablestresslevelsformaterialsbeingconnected
Accountforgeometryandconnectionconfigurationincalculatingshearandtensionsloads
Mayuseconnectionsdemonstratedthroughdynamictestingreplicatingtheprojectapplication
58RCGoyal2009-2-27
UFC401001SupportingStructureSupportingStructuralElements:
Designforflexureusingnominalstrengthofthesurroundingstructuralwall/roofelements
Designconnectionofsupportingstructuralelementsbasedonnominalstrength(phi=1.0)g
(p )
Donotchaseloadpastsupportingstructuralelementconnection
Loadbasedontributaryareaofthewindow
Loadtobeusedis8xtheglazingresistanceasdeterminedusingE1300inconjunctionwithF2248
59RCGoyal2009-2-27
UFC401001OtherGlazing Jan07AlternateGlazing
Refertoothersources.Loadsbasedonultimateresistanceofglazingbeingused.
AlternateMethodofAnalysis
Dynamicanalysispermittedforanyorallpartsofwindowsystem
Testing
InaccordancewithASTMF1642.Loadsbasedonactualstandoffbutstandoffmaynotbegreaterthanconventionalconstructionstandoffdistances
WindowReplacementProjects
Meettherequirementsregardlessofmeetingothertriggersofparagraph16.2
60RCGoyal2009-2-27
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UFC401001AlternateGlazing Jan.07AlternateWindowTreatments
Addressesuseoffragmentretentionfilm,filmaspartofaretrofitsystemorblastcurtains
Notallowedforbuildingscoveredbythesestandards,exceptforleasedbuildings
Allowedinleasedbuildingiftheyprovidetheappropriatelevelofprotectionandleaseagreementstipulatesmaintenance.TestingtobeinaccordancewithASTMF1642
Otherexistingbuildingsnotcoveredbythesestandards,filmisallowedbutshouldbeevaluatedtoinsureappropriateprotectionisprovided
61RCGoyal2009-2-27
DesignCriteria,Standard10Newthreestorybarracksistobeconstructedonanexistinginstallationwithcontrolledperimeteraccess
ThecriteriaindicatesthatonlytheDoDminimumantiterrorismstandardsapplypp
y
Reviewofthesiteplanshowsthefacilitydistancetotheinstallationperimeterisgreaterthan330feet.Thedistancetointernalinstallationparkingandroadwaysis115feet
62RCGoyal2009-2-27
DesignProblem
ThefacilitycriteriarequiresanIGUwindowthatwillfitintoa5ftx4ftwallopening
OnlyUFC401001requirementsapply
Byobservation,thestandoffdistancesaregreaterthanconventionalconstructionstandoff.PerStandard10ofUFC401001,useconventionalconstructionstandoffdistance.Theseare148ftand82ft
Newbilleting,thereforeaLowlevelofprotectionisrequired.ThiscorrespondstoaverylowhazardratingperASTMF1642(glazingfallswithin1meter)
Determineframe,connection,andsupportingelementloads.
63RCGoyal2009-2-27
DesignProcess
UseequivalentstaticdesignprocessinrevisedStandard10ofUFC401001.
PerformanalysisforexplosiveweightIat148ftandthenforexplosiveweightIIat82ft
Assumeframesare2incheswide glazingpanelsize is 56 inches by 44
inchessizeis56inchesby44inches
UsingBRGDsoftwarebyStandardsDesignGrouptoperformdesignasitcomplieswithstaticdesignprocessofStandard10.OrusemanualprocedureandchartsinASTME1300
64RCGoyal2009-2-27
BRGDSoftwarePubliclyavailablecodebyStandards
DesignGroup,Inc. BlastResistantGlazingDesign2007
BasedonASTMF224804andASTME130004
Limitedtolaminatedglass
SinglepaneandIGUconfigurations
Designistominimalhazardonly(mediumLevelofProtection)
65RCGoyal2009-2-27
SOFTWARE
RCGoyal 662009-2-27
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LoadSummaryUselayupprovidedbyanalysis.However,itispossibletoreducethicknessofouterpaneonly,butcannotusesoftware.
GlazingRu =103psf
Windowframeload=207psf(sameforbothloadcases)withL/160limit
Windowconnectionload=207psf
Supportingelementload=8x103=824psf
2009-2-27 RCGoyal67
Shell Point CondosFort Meyers, Fl.Hurricane & Blast
ResistantSeries 3400 DH
RCGoyal 682009-2-27
PreventionOfHazard
RCGoyal 692009-2-27 2009-02-27 RCGoyal70
2009-2-27 RCGoyal 70
2009-02-27 RCGoyal 712009-2-27 RCGoyal 71
WWW.AAMANET.ORGPutting it altogether
2009-2-27 RCGoyal72
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BlastFenestrationSystemCertification
AstheResponsiblePartyofblasthazardmitigationfenestrationsystem,wecertifythatthesystem,includingtheframe(s)hardware,glazingandanchoringsystem(s),complieswiththeprojectdrawingsandspecifications.
2009-2-27 RCGoyal73
2009-2-27 RCGoyal74
SecurityFenestrationRatingandCertification
TwoCertificationProgramOptions
Product SpecificCertification
Project SpecificCertification
2009-2-27 RCGoyal75
Bidding WindowSizeIssues Glazing&FrameIssues
CombinationWindows StacksandMullions CalculationsforGlassSizes
BlastTestCertification AnchorsandFasteners SubstrateConcerns
RCGoyal 762009-2-27
1. ASTM F 1642, Standard Test Method for Glazing and Glazing
Systems Subject to Air-blast Loadings
2. GSA-TS01-2003, Standard Test Method for Glazing and Window
Systems Subject to Dynamic Overpressure Loadings
3. UFC 4-010-01, Minimum Antiterrorism Standards for Buildings4.
ASTM E 1300, Standard Practice for Determining Load
Resistance of Glass in Buildings5 ASTM F 2248 P ti f S if i E i
l t 3 S d
CurrentGuidelineSpecifications
5. ASTM F 2248, Practice for Specifying an Equivalent 3-Second
Duration for Blast Resistant Glazing with Laminated Glass
6. AAMA 510-06, Voluntary Guide Specification for Blast Hazard
Mitigation for Fenestration Systems
7. FEMA 426 and 4528. PBS-P 100-20059. SEI/ASCE, Blast
Protection of Buildings10. Physical Design Manual by Department of
VA
772009-2-27 RCGoyal
11.Balanced Window Design by Weidlinger Associates12.12.Blast
Safety of Building Envelope by Hinman13.13.SO/FDIS 16933, Arena
Air-blast Loading14. ISO/FDIS 16934, Shock Tube Loading15 UFGS
United Facilities Guide Specification
CurrentGuidelineSpecificationsContinued
15.UFGS, United Facilities Guide Specification16.USACE/PDC,
Protective Design Center17.Structures to Resist Accidental
Explosions, ARMY-
TM5-1300, NAVY-NAVFAC P-397, AIR FORCE-AFR 88-22
18.ASTM F 2247, Testing of Metal Doors
782009-2-27 RCGoyal
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ResourcesandThankswww.aamanet.orgwww.absconsulting.comwww.ara.comwww.atf.treas.govwww.bakerrisk.comwww.defenselink.milwww
gsa
govwww.gsa.govwww.protectiveglazing.orgwww.umr.eduWWW.usace.army.milwww.bombsecurity.comwww.nfrc.orgBMAG,BlastMitigationActionGroupATBlast
byARA
792009-2-27 RCGoyal
If I had 60 minutes to solve a problem, Id spend 55 minutes
defining it, and 5
RCGoyal 80
minutes defining it, and 5 minutes solving it.
Albert Einstein
2009-2-27
al
Blast Hazard Mitigation
Designing for Blast(UFC Criteria)
Questions ?
Raj
Goy
a
2003 Graham Architectural Products
R.C. (Raj) GoyalGoyal & Associates
Blast Mitigation WindowsPhone 951-587-9700/ 951-972-2428
[email protected]
Joinusforthenextfreewebinar
HighPerformanceGlassBlockSystemsFriday,March27th at12pmET
f t ifeaturing:
PeterAthertonPittsburghCorningCorporation
