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Duke Law bucks Duke Law bucks declining application declining application numbers trend, numbers trend, Page 2Page 2

Experts discuss weapons in space, Experts discuss weapons in space, Page 3Page 3

ONTHERECORD“It’s time to stop looking wistfully at the ‘Duke is for

Lovers’ poster in Perkins...” —Sony Rao in ‘Why we should date.’ See column page 11

The ChronicleTHE INDEPENDENT DAILY AT DUKE UNIVERSITY

WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 20, 2013 ONE HUNDRED AND EIGHTH YEAR, ISSUE 103WWW.DUKECHRONICLE.COM

Nobel prize winner, former Trustee dies

from Staff ReportsTHE CHRONICLE

Former Duke Trustee Robert Richardson, a Nobel Prize winner, died Tuesday in Ithaca, N.Y. at age 75.

Richardson was the Floyd Newman pro-fessor of physics at Cornell University and had previ-ously served as Cornell’s vice provost for research. He was also a member of Duke’s Board of Trustees from 1997 to 2007 and was on the board’s executive commit-tee from 2002 to 2007. In 1966, Richardson received his Ph.D. from Duke after

studying with physicist Horst Meyer for six years.

Richardson shared the 1996 Nobel Prize for Physics for his work in low-temperature physics. He was the first to discover the prop-erty of superfluidity in helium-3 atoms, a breakthrough he made in 1972 after building upon his work at Duke as a graduate student. Prior to this discovery, Richardson’s experi-mental work included studying the quantum properties of liquids and solids at extremely low temperatures through nuclear magnetic resonance.

In his early years as a Reserve Officers Train-ing Corps undergraduate at Virginia Polytech-nic Institute, Richardson intended to study chemistry until finding his color blindness a bar-rier in reading indicator solutions. Because it

Meet Duke’s most senior senior

Robert Richardson

SPECIAL (L) AND ELIZABETH DJINIS (R)/THE CHRONICLE

Robert Becker, seen in his U.S. Navy uniform several decades ago and in Trinity Cafe Tuesday, left Duke in 1954 to pursue a career in aviation and is now back to complete his degree.

by Elizabeth DjinisTHE CHRONICLE

Some students may talk about how the University has changed in the past 60 years, but Robert Becker has actually lived it.

Becker, a member of the class of 2013, matriculated at Duke in 1950 and intend-ed to graduate in 1954. However, a semes-ter before graduation, he decided to drop out. Becker said that at the time he left

Duke, he was exhausted from the routine of schoolwork and was inspired by an in-ternship at American Airlines the previous summer to pursue a career in aviation. Becker then served 12 years of active duty in the U.S. Army Reserve and the Navy be-fore returning to his civilian career.

Eventually, as time went on, Becker de-cided that he wanted to return to Duke and complete his degree.

“I’m 80 years old and it’s crazy to go

back to school, I’m not going to do any-thing [with my degree] except hang it on the wall,” Becker said. “But everybody has a bucket list and that was about the last thing in my bucket list before I pass on. This is the time to do it.”

Becker said he wrote President Rich-ard Brodhead a letter in May 2012 ex-plaining his situation. Once the letter was

SEE BECKER ON PAGE 12

Chilled water plant gets LEED Gold rating

SEE RICHARDSON ON PAGE 6

Eighty-year-old Robert Becker is back after 60 years to fi nish his degree

by John BarkerTHE CHRONICLE

Duke’s coolest building just got even cooler.

The Chiller Plant, which cools water for distribution in cooling systems across West Campus, received Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design Gold certifica-tion Thursday for sustainable construc-tion practices. It is the second building on Duke’s main campus to achieve LEED Gold—the second highest certification possible—after the East Campus Steam Plant did so in February 2011. The recogni-tion, however, does not take into account further sustainability measures in the fa-

cility that are not considered in the LEED process.

Michael Davison, who worked on the building at Flad Architects, said the team was instructed to aim for LEED Silver, but ended up shooting higher.

“In order to get [to gold level], you have to look at the project holistically and see where you can design a building so that the occupants are living and working in an environment that is healthier and better suited for them,” Davison said.

The massive structure sits recessed into the forests around LaSalle Street. Inside,

SEE CHILLED ON PAGE 5

JOHN BARKER/THE CHRONICLE

The plant housing Duke’s Central Chilled Water System—which cools the University—recently became a certi-fied LEED Gold facility because of its sustainable practices, the second-best rating of any Duke building.

2 | WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 20, 2013 THE CHRONICLE

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Law school apps increase at Duke, decrease nationally

CHRONICLE GRAPHIC BY PHOEBE LONG

Despite a national trend of declining law school applicants, Duke’s School of Law is experiencing a slight increase.

by Caroline MichelmanTHE CHRONICLE

Amid a 21.8 percent decline nation-ally in law school applications this year, the School of Law has managed to keep its number of applicants steady, as its final tal-ly is expected to be up 1 to 2 percent from last year.

The number of applicants decreased at 177 law schools by at least 10 percent—Duke Law is one of the only six schools that has avoided this national trend, according to a Feb. 8 Law School Admission Coun-cil report provided to admissions officials.

This decline likely stems from increased student debt and a much more competitive legal job market. Extensive media coverage in the last year about a decline in legal em-ployers and rising student debt has made prospective law school students cautious and can probably account for the applica-tion decline, said Bill Hoye, associate dean of admissions and student affairs.

“Potential applicants are waiting for a signal of an improvement in the legal mar-ket,” Hoye said. “Those who did apply this

SEE LAW ON PAGE 12

DSG acts on Fix My Campus suggestions

by Carleigh StiehmTHE CHRONICLE

Some DSG members are taking heed from Fix My Campus suggestions, work-ing with administrators to implement stu-dents’ ideas.

Since Duke Student Government’s Fix My Campus initiative began taking sug-gestions via text, email, Twitter and web-site submissions in early January, more than 80 ideas for campus improvement have been submitted—between four and five each week, said freshman Lavanya Sunder, chair of the Fix My Campus com-mittee and DSG senator for services. The ideas range from laundry monitor servic-es to encouraging local club Shooters II to accept FLEX points. The committee is in the process of seeking approval from administrators before implementing some of the ideas. Sunder said the ad-ministration has been receptive to some of the ideas suggested to Fix My Campus.

One such project is installing TransLoc bus monitors in various locations around campus, said sophomore Cameron Tripp, committee member and DSG senator for facilities and environment.

“While the project is only in the con-ceptual phase, I am optimistic,” Tripp said.

Tripp added that another idea under consideration is implementing Laun-dryView, which would allow students to check which washing machines and dry-ers are available in any given campus laundry room through an online appli-cation. A program like this already exists

on Central Campus, but Tripp said he is pushing for a campus-wide version.

“If successful, gone may be the days of trudging to the laundry room only to be dismayed to find that it was all for naught,” Tripp said.

Sunder also said the committee is working on forming a better lost-and-found on campus, improving lighting at night on East Campus and installing a foot-washing station at the Arts Annex for dancers after a work out.

“Another good suggestion we’re work-ing on is a phone and computer charg-ing station in Perkins [Library],” said junior Lyndsay Kerwin, Fix My Campus marketing director. “One of our favorites was singing valentines to send to other people.”

Students are also able to submit sug-gestions through Facebook. Sunder added that Fix My Campus’ Facebook group has more than 500 members and is growing steadily. When students submit suggestions via text message, a computer program sorts and organizes them into a spreadsheet, Sunder said. The Fix My Campus committee has not yet begun to sort through the Facebook suggestions.

“Committee members then look at the spreadsheet and decide which sug-gestions they would like to work on,” she said. “All of them are definitely not dealt with. The committee decides together what we feel is feasible and what the stu-dent body would like the most.”

SEE CAMPUS ON PAGE 6

Out of 177 surveyed law schools, only 6—including Duke—have not seen a decline in applicants.

1-2 percent increase in Duke Law applications

21.8 percent decrease in law school applications nationally.

THE CHRONICLE WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 20, 2013 | 3

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Through brain implants, rats sense infrared light

by Tony ShanTHE CHRONICLE

Duke scientists studying brain implants engineered rats with a sixth sense that allows them to “feel” infrared light.

The team of neuroprosthet-ics researchers mounted an in-frared camera on the head of a rat and connected it to the somatosensory cortex of the brain, which processes touch sensations from the rat’s whis-kers. When the camera detect-ed infrared light signals, the rat was able to determine the direction of the light not by sight but by touch, similar to a tickle or a deflection of the whiskers, and move towards it to get a reward.

This suggests that the rat perceived a wavelength of light that would normally be impos-sible to detect. The results, published last week in the jour-nal Nature Communications, show that cross-modal percep-tion—the superimposition of one sensory channel over an-other—is something that can be engineered, potentially for use in human prosthetics.

“It’s as if [the rats] have ad-opted novel foraging strategies to optimize the acquisition of this new type of information and it’s a type of information that this part of the brain isn’t used to,” said first author Eric Thomson, a postdoctoral re-searcher in the Nicolelis Lab, where the research was con-ducted.

The series of experiments that led to these conclusions required first that the rats be conditioned to detect and re-spond to normal light signals. The rats were placed in an area

with three light sources and were taught to stick their nose into whichever one was shining in order to receive water. After the rats became proficient at this task, they were equipped with the infrared cameras, the light sources were changed to infrared light and the task was repeated.

“When the rats first received infrared stimulation, they re-sponded by scratching their face and turning their heads left and right, as if someone were touching their face,” Thomson said.

But after training with the new gear and getting good at the task again, the rats started sweeping their heads back and forth to face the direction that gave the greatest signal strength. With no visual cues, the rats were able to orient themselves once again and

walk towards the source of the infrared signal.

“The change in their behav-ior suggested that [the rats] had assimilated the informa-tion as a new modality,” said lab primary investigator Dr. Miguel Nicolelis, professor of neurobiology, biomedical en-gineering and psychology and neuroscience. “They were es-sentially feeling the infrared light... and could move towards it to collect a reward.”

This study takes advantage of the intricacies of sensory sys-tems, all of which are “labeled lines,” according to Christina Williams, professor of psychol-ogy and neuroscience. There is a set neural pathway for a par-ticular sense that can be stimu-lated in any fashion, natural or engineered. Therefore, any

RESEARCH FIGURE BY THE NICOLELIS LAB

Infrared signals, which the rat senses through a device attached to its brain, lead the rat to a reward. The device enables the rodent to feel infrared light.

Experts debate cost, usefulness of space weapons

by Linda YuTHE CHRONICLE

Things got futuristic during the Alexander Hamilton Soci-ety’s third debate of the year as missiles and lasers beamed from space shot through the discus-sion.

In the wood-paneled Alumni Lounge, history professor Alex Roland moderated a discus-sion on the feasibility of space weapons with Everett Dolman of the U.S. Air Force School of Advanced Air and Space Studies and Forrest Morgan of the RAND Corporation—a nonprofit global policy think tank that researches national security, among other things.

Although the participants joked about Death Stars, these were not George Lucas’ space weapons.

Dolman, instead, defined a space weapon as something which is “operated in space and has the capacity to destroy a tar-get in space or on the earth.” Framing the debate as a discus-sion of the moral and ethical questions brought on by such weapons, he prompted a conver-sation on whether such weapons would be feasible.

“A global network of very pre-cise systems capable of targeting the earth... could help the U.S. exert its force in a violent way,” Dolman said.

A major application of imple-menting a space weapon system would be for missile defense, such as against North Korea, he noted.

Current ground-based missile

BRANDON SEMEL/THE CHRONICLE

Everett Dolman, professor at the U.S. Air Force School of Advanced Air and Space Studies (right), speaks with two other weapons experts about space weaponization. SEE SENSE ON PAGE 6

SEE WEAPONS ON PAGE 4

4 | WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 20, 2013 THE CHRONICLE

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Supreme Court to assess political donation caps

by Robert BarnesTHE WASHINGTON POST

WASHINGTON — The Supreme Court re-entered the controversial field of cam-paign finance Tuesday, agreeing to consid-er a Republican challenge to decades-old limits on the total amount a person can contribute to candidates, political parties and political action committees.

It is the court’s first major campaign finance case since its 2010 decision in Citizens United v. Federal Election Com-mission, which allowed unlimited corpo-rate and union spending in elections. By extension, the decision led to the creation of super PACs, whose multimillion-dollar donations transformed funding of the 2012 presidential contest.

The new case, which will be heard in the court’s term that begins in October, concerns the federal limit on the amount an individual can contribute to certain campaigns during each election cycle.

For 2013-14, that would be $123,200 — a maximum of $48,600 to federal candi-dates and $74,600 to political parties and some political action committees.

Shaun McCutcheon, an Alabama conservative activist and businessman, brought the lawsuit along with the Re-publican National Committee because he is seeking to contribute more than those amounts. He is not challenging the limit on the amount he can give to individual candidates, $2,600.

A three-judge lower-court panel reject-ed McCutcheon’s contention that the ag-gregate limits were unconstitutionally low and overbroad. “It is not the judicial role to parse legislative judgment about what limits to impose,” the panel wrote.

Those who favor limits on campaign con-tributions were alarmed by the Supreme Court’s decision to review the ruling.

“It has become readily apparent that there are a number of justices who are willing to usurp Congress’ role as legisla-tor when it comes to matter of campaign finance,” said Tara Malloy, senior counsel for the Campaign Legal Center.

“An aggregate contribution limit was passed in the wake of the Watergate mon-ey scandals and was upheld in the 1976 Supreme Court decision Buckley v. Va-leo.” Without the limits, she said in a state-ment, “corruption, or at the very least the appearance of corruption, would be the rule rather than the exception in Wash-ington.”

Fred Wertheimer, a longtime campaign finance advocate and president of Democ-racy 21, warned of multimillion-dollar contributions to political parties if the court were to toss out the limits.

But Brad Smith, chairman of the Center for Competitive Politics and an opponent of limits, said the Citizens United ruling may lead to the court’s re-examination of the Buckley v. Valeo decision, which justi-fied contribution limits on anticorruption grounds.

“The case gives the court an opportuni-ty to clarify an important legal question: If contribution limits to individual commit-tees and candidates prevent corruption, what additional interest justifies aggregate contributions?” Smith said in a statement.

The Citizens United decision was a big boost to interest groups, weakening the ability of campaigns and parties to com-pete with them. There are no limits on the amount that individuals can contribute to super PACs. The challenge would restore some of the balance by removing restric-tions on the political parties.

It is part of a systematic challenge to campaign finance restrictions undertaken by Republicans and conservative interest groups. They have had considerable suc-cess with Chief Justice John Roberts Jr.’s court, which has been suspicious of spend-ing limits it has found hinder political speech.

But even though Republicans have brought the challenge, the Democratic Party and its political action committees also would benefit from unfettered con-tributions.

The case is McCutcheon v. Federal Election Commission.

defense systems would only be able to de-fend a relatively small area, he said. On the other hand, just 320 satellite interceptors could engage up to a 100 missile launches across the earth, regardless of their loca-tion.

“They could protect from an acciden-tal launch—for which there’s currently no defense,” he said.

Morgan agreed with Dolman that the United States needs a defense in such cas-es, but the two men clashed the most over the feasibility of space weapons.

“We agree with 90 percent of what each other says—it’s just a matter of nu-ance,” Morgan said.

As a former air force officer who had tackled this topic for the Department of Defense, Morgan viewed space weapons as not being practical with current tech-nology. For instance, he noted that a full space laser system could only shoot four to six missiles, adding that the effective-ness of the lasers depended on the time of day.

“The enemy would know that,” he said.

Morgan also noted the cost of such a program, giving the example of an orbital kinetic strike system made up of around 30 satellites that would drop a tungsten rod on its target.

“A rod from God, as they’re called,” quipped Dolman.

Morgan calculated that the entire pro-gram would total around $26 billion, with the cost of each rod at about $43 million. On the other hand, a more conventional method, employing B-2 bombers, would only cost around $25,000 a bomb.

Under these conditions, Morgan said the program is not feasible.

“Even if we can solve these hurdles, we

get very little capability from these weap-ons,” Morgan said. “We have a lot of hur-dles to overcome to get to weapons that are basically impotent.”

Dolman argued that cost was relative and the systems could be used as a de-terrent, adding that such a system itself would send a message.

Nevertheless, both men saw space weapons as the next equivalent of the space race.

“The thing that is so incredible about space is that it is the high ground,” Dol-man said. “The earth is a single point of entry, you have to battle your way up. It’s an unflankable high ground.”

Once a nation got there, he noted, it would be difficult to challenge.

“We need to keep feeding money into this research,” Morgan said. “We don’t want to be the second nation to develop these weapons.”

The event was the brainchild of junior Daniel Strunk who had researched space weapons policy for a project with senior Harry Liberman—who was also present at the event. Strunk and Liberman are current and former columnists for The Chronicle, respectively.

Liberman said it was enlightening to hear about the science and logistics in this subject he had studied from a more diplomatic angle.

“It’s interesting to see two people who base their lives on this point of policy that is so abstract for most people,” AHS sec-retary sophomore Anand Raghuraman said.

Roland, the moderator, noted that al-though he had studied the topic in depth, both speakers presented new arguments he had not heard.

“This issue will be very important in the coming decades,” said senior Ryan Boone, Duke Alexander Hamilton Soci-ety president.

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THE CHRONICLE WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 20, 2013 | 5

CHELSEA PIERONI/THE CHRONICLE

Chad Dickerson, CEO of e-commerce website Etsy, speaks with Bill Boulding, dean of the Fuqua School of Business, in Geneen Auditorium Tuesday afternoon.

Making the sale

the roar of machinery drowns out nearly any other sound. Titanic blue refrigeration units stand in orderly rows, com-pressing the tens of thousands of gallons of water that come through the system every day. The plant also houses a 24/7 control room that operates steam, cooling and HVAC utili-ties across campus.

In order to receive LEED Gold certification, a building must meet 60 out of 110 possible sustainability criteria, in areas from energy use and lighting to the materials used in construction. Duke has 25 LEED-certified buildings, in-cluding the Smart Home, which was granted LEED Plati-num certification in 2008.

Mechanical spaces and utility components of a build-ing, however, are not explicitly rated for environmental impact in LEED’s system. The LEED Gold certification of the chilled water plant does not include the actual water chillers or any of the green systems used to provide cooling resources to campus.

“LEED’s primary concern is for the occupants in the building, and its goal is a green living and working space for occupants,” Davison said.

Darin Smith, project manager for Duke’s chilled water system, said he is troubled by this policy partly because the chilled water facilities do not explicitly get credit for the efficiency with which they chill water.

Centralized chilled water systems on a campus are mark-edly more efficient than delocalized air conditioning and cooling system and save campus buildings a great deal of energy, Smith said. Although LEED gives points to all cam-pus projects for having access to centralized chilled water, the specific steps taken for conservation in the chiller sys-tems are not taken into account.

“This is very aggravating for someone like me,” said Smith. “Our stuff never shows up.”

Smith speculated that the 80 percent of the building not considered by the LEED certification process produced enough energy savings for the rest of Duke’s campus to conceivably earn the chilled water plant a LEED Platinum rating—the highest rank, awarded for meeting 80 or more of LEED’s 110 criteria.

“The energy savings being produced by centralizing the utilities in this facility provide a tremendous benefit to campus,” Davison added.

Smith said anything done above LEED standards to im-prove water chilling efficiency is not explicitly credited, yet plays an important role in the system’s sustainability. For example, the plant utilizes alternative water sources—like roof water—to save 40 to 50 million gallons of water each year, he noted.

Water that becomes too dirty for continued use in the system—backwash—is recycled and refiltered by reverse osmosis, Smith said.

“For every 1,000 gallons [of backwash] that would go down the drain, we probably save about 700,” he said.

Other steps taken by the system yet not credited by LEED include the recovery of condensation that appears on the chilled water coils and water intake from a nearby stream. The plant is also beginning a longer-term project to create a seven-acre on-campus pond for storage and use of runoff collected from Duke’s campus.

“At the end of the day, even though we might not get points, we still know that we’ve done the right thing,” Smith said.

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CHILLED from page 1

6 | WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 20, 2013 THE CHRONICLE

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Georgetown University sociology professor Jose Casanova speaks about globalization, seculariza-tion and poverty in an event sponsored by the Kenan Institute for Ethics Tuesday evening.

Casanova

stimulus along the visual path will result in an image that can be “seen,” and any stimulus along the somatosensory path will be “felt,” even if the stimulus did not come from the eyes or skin, respec-tively.

There are instances, however, even in humans, in which cross-modal percep-tion results in a mixing of senses.

“There is a phenomenon called syn-esthesia, which is kind of a violation of labeled lines,” Williams said. “There are a few very unique people who can [in-voluntarily] taste colors or experience ‘green’ when they see the letter ‘A.’”

This is essentially what Thomson and his colleagues have done. By taking what would normally be visual stimuli from infrared light and having it pro-cessed in the somatosensory cortex of the brain, these rats can now “feel” that wavelength of light. Furthermore, re-sults did not seem to indicate any im-pairment of the somatosensory cortex’s ability to execute its original function, Nicolelis added.

Thomson’s study carries many impli-cations in terms of modification for hu-man prosthetics. Since it is now known that other parts of the brain are capable of processing visual information, people who are blind may benefit from cross-modal perception depending on the cause of their blindness as well.

“Some humans are blind because their visual cortex is damaged,” said Thomson. “In those cases, we’d want our neuroprosthetics to target another cortex… maybe the [somatosensory] cortex.”

Thomson’s use of infrared light has also prompted conversation about the possibility of future prosthetics that grant superhuman senses such as X-ray vision. Although he intends to continue his work using infrared, Thomson says that his choice of wavelength was in-deed arbitrary and could have been any kind of electromagnetic wavelength, even X-ray.

Coupling X-ray images with stimula-tion of the visual cortex, using the proce-dure from the study, could theoretically produce the colloquial “X-ray vision,” Nicolelis added.

Among the many serious ideas, there have been several odd suggestions, Sun-der said—including requests to build a tall fence around East Campus, relocating Armadillo Grill to Gilbert-Addoms Down Under and implementing campus-wide dessert delivery.

Kerwin said she is enjoying working with Fix My Campus and helping to improve the University by making sure every student’s ideas are heard.

“Being a non-DSG member, it’s so cool to see how every single suggestion we get is

considered,” Kerwin said. “There are a lot more ‘yes’ than ‘no.’ Some great things are going to come of this.”

Although the Fix My Campus system was initially launched Spring 2012 by junior Patrick Oathout, DSG executive vice presi-dent and a columnist for The Chronicle, Sunder took over the project, forming an eight-person committee at the beginning of this semester. The program has ex-ceeded expectations, Oathout noted in an email Monday.

Students can text their suggestions to 919-914-0697 or join the Facebook group called Fix My Campus, which is open to us-ers within the Duke University network.

CAMPUS from page 2

SENSE from page 3

was early in his career, he decided to change paths and pursue physics instead.

Richardson was known to frequently visit campus and attend Duke basketball

games. In 2012, the University awarded him an honorary degree. He married Betty McCarthy, also a physics graduate student at Duke, in 1962 and had two daughters, Jennifer and Pamela.

Duke’s flags flew at half-staff on Tuesday in Richardson’s honor.

RICHARDSON from page 1

SportsThe Chronicle

www.dukechroniclesports.com

WEDNESDAYFebruary 20, 2013

>> ONLINE Phil Henderson, who died Sunday at 44, spent the last year of his life running a basketball camp he helped found in the Philippines. Read the story online.

MEN’S BASKETBALL

Chris and Doug Collins: Like father, like sonby Daniel Carp

THE CHRONICLE

On the surface, it appears that the only things Chris Collins currently share with his father Doug are a last name and a profession.

Chris is an associate head coach at Duke, and his father is the head coach for the NBA’s Philadelphia 76ers. Chris’s Blue Dev-ils are the No. 6 team in college basketball but Doug’s 76ers sit in ninth place in the Eastern Conference with a 22-29 record. Chris has not spent a day in the NBA, but his father has played, coached and broadcasted NBA basketball for the past four decades.

But when you watch them work, they share the same stature on the sidelines, the same cerebral understanding of the game and the same fiery intensity that makes the pair one of the premiere father-son coach-ing duos in the game of basketball.

Doug practically raised his son on the court. The No. 1 pick in the 1972 NBA Draft ended up a four-time All-Star during his eight-year playing career with the 76ers.

“For me, ever since I was two or three years old I’ve been in basketball gyms,” Chris said. “My greatest memories of hang-ing out with my dad are times being in the gym or in the locker room.”

Doug was not the only member of the 76ers who frequently brought his child to work with him. Chris would often run around the locker room with a young Kobe

WOMEN’S LACROSSESWIMMING & DIVING

Blue Devils head to the 2013 ACCs

Hommel leads a potent Duke attack

KEVIN SHAMIEH/THE CHRONICLE

Makenzie Hommel has stepped up to lead Duke’s attack this season with 13 goals in four games.

by Matt PunTHE CHRONICLE

Coming into the 2013 season, Duke lost three 100-point scorers to graduation.

Behind senior Makenzie Hommel’s 13 total goals this season, though, the Blue Devil offense hasn’t missed a beat.

Averaging 18.3 goals per game so far, No. 7 Duke (4-0) powered past Richmond and William & Mary at Koskinen Stadium this weekend with Hommel leading the way in both games.

“I think Makenzie stepped up big-time this year,” defender Taylor Virden said. “She’s been an amazing leader on attack. A senior leader on attack. And I think that she’s the reason why our attack has so much momentum and composure.”

With three seasons of experience, Hom-mel entered her final year as Duke’s active leader in goals with 48 in her career, in-cluding 25 last season.

A high hamstring injury sustained last fall, however, required the attacker to re-hab during winter break and caused her some difficulties in preseason training.

“We actually sat down and showed her a little film of herself and said, ‘Is this re-ally what you’re capable of doing?’” head coach Kirsten Kimel said. “And she was just like kind of moving slow, and I don’t think it was necessarily intentional. I just think it was a lapse from being out.”

Through four games this season, Hom-mel has been at the top of her game. Last weekend, she opened the season with a hat

trick, then notched two more goals in a 23-0 blowout of Presbyterian.

She also has taken full ownership of her role as a leader on a young team.

“She’s a really good role model for the rest of us because she’s the only senior out there,” sophomore attacker Brigid Smith said. “She directs us where to go. She helps

us if we’re having a tough day, has really good advice, and is always someone we can count on if we need a goal.”

With Richmond and William & Mary on the slate last weekend, Hommel had the opportunity to play the two teams she had

by Jackie KlaubergTHE CHRONICLE

After winning just one match in the conference this season, the Duke women will look to surprise at the ACC Swimming and Diving Championships this week in Greensboro, N.C.

The Duke women’s swimming and diving teams will compete at the Greens-boro Aquatic Center, as will the men’s diving team.

The women went 1-5 in the ACC this season, but head coach Dan Colella is confident his team will have a chance in a championship setting as opposed to a dual meet.

“We’re challenged when it comes to being a program that is partially funded,” Colella said. “Competing against everybody who is fully funded [is tough]. We are chal-lenged in terms of depth. It really stands out in the dual meets. In ACC champion-ship competition however, we have the op-portunity to compete not just against one other school. We have done this in the past where teams that might beat us in a dual meet, we end up beating them in the ACC

Bryant, Mike Bibby and former Blue Devil Mike Dunleavy Jr—together, they were a le-thal starting five of NBA pedigree.

But Doug was cautious to keep himself at an arm’s length from Chris’ budding bas-ketball career.

“I did not coach Chris,” Doug said. “I did not want there to be any tension between he and I that basketball could have created. I wanted it to be a joy and I wanted Chris to want me around. I didn’t want him to think

that I was constantly critiquing him. I think it’s a mistake that a lot of fathers make.”

But the pair now share more than just a profession and a last name. Thanks to Duke head coach Mike Krzyzewski’s involvement with USA basketball, Chris and Doug both have Olympic stories to tell as well.

Doug played for the 1972 Olympic team that lost to the Soviet Union in the gold-medal game in one of the most controver-sial contests in history. Since then, he has

served as a part of the broadcast team for the past two Olympic Games, when Chris has been on the sidelines as a part of Krzyzewski’s coaching staff for teams that took gold in Beijing and London in 2008 and 2012, respectively.

The 76er head coach addressed the team in Las Vegas shortly before they departed for Beijing in 2008, sharing his own Olym-pic experiences in what both the elder and younger Collins said was an emotional mo-ment for the entire squad.

But no moment was more emotional for the father and son than the one that trans-pired in 2009, with the Collins clan out to dinner celebrating the Curt Gowdy Media Award Doug received for his work in broad-casting. Little did Doug know, Jerry Colan-gelo, chariman of USA basketball’s Board of Directors, had replica gold medals made up for the team’s coaches, who do not re-ceive Olympic medals at the Games. With 25 members of his family gathered around the dinner table, Chris had an unexpected surprise for his father.

“Chris stood up and it was probably the most emotional moment I’ve ever had with him,” Doug said. “He reached in his pocket and he said ‘Dad, 37 years too late, but you finally have your gold medal.’ And he put the gold medal around me. I don’t know how much better it can get than that.”

ELYSIA SU/CHRONICLE FILE PHOTO

Duke assistant Chris Collins grew up around the game near his father Doug, coach of the Philadelphia 76ers.

SEE COLLINS ON PAGE 8

SEE HOMMEL ON PAGE 8SEE SWIMMING ON PAGE 8

8 | WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 20, 2013 THE CHRONICLE

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As colleagues in the coaching world, Chris’s relationship with his father only con-tinues to grow. No surprise, the pair’s near-daily conversations normally revolve around basketball.

“Maybe there’s something he might see in what we’re doing at Duke, and he’s always asking me if there are things I think he might be able to do better with his team,” Chris said. “As I’ve gotten old-er, we’ve been able to lean on each other for advice in coaching, and that is some-thing that has been very special to our relationship.”

Despite their shared expertise, they are content not coaching together at this point in their careers. It was a possibility the pair has visited twice, when Doug was hired as head coach of the Washington Wizards in 2001 and when he took the 76ers job in 2010, but Chris declined his father’s job of-fers both times.

Both said, however, that they would be open to the idea of coaching together down the road. But Doug would prefer it if his son were the man in charge.

“I think my dream would be for Chris to become a head coach. And I don’t know if it could ever happen, because it might be too much pressure, but I would love to be his assistant,” Doug said.

But for now, Chris remains a Duke as-sistant, working alongside a host of former Blue Devil guards in Steve Wojciechowski, Jeff Capel and Nate James. Although Chris has received interest for Division I head coaching jobs, he said Duke is where he be-longs right now.

Doug had some choice words when dis-cussing the way many college basketball pundits view his son’s decision to remain a Duke assistant when he could probably be a head coach elsewhere.

“Everybody thinks that Chris has an easy job, and it really nauseates me. They think that all Chris has to do is call a kid up on the phone, Duke’s interested in him—they’re going to get him. It’s the most ri-diculous thing I’ve ever heard in my entire life,” Doug said. “I hear all of these people say ‘Wait until Chris Collins gets his own job and he’ll see what stuff is really like.’ This silver spoon club that they think Chris has been a part of, and the envy and the jealousy is a little much, sometimes, for me to take. Because I know how hard Chris has worked down there are Duke. And there are a lot of Duke-haters, and that’s okay. I will tell you this right now, Chris is a better coach than me.”

Despite the high words of praise from a man who has coached the likes of Michael Jordan, Grant Hill and current budding stars like Jrue Holliday, Chris said he respectfully disagrees, calling his father “as good a coach in the game as there is today.”

Like father, like son.

her best performances against last year.At William & Mary, she registered six

points and against Richmond she scored a hat trick as well.

Against Richmond Friday though, the Blue Devil offense struggled to get going, failing to score in the first 10 minutes. Duke then scored five times in the next 10 min-utes, highlighted by two from Hommel.

“As a unit, we just took some time in the first half to get our groove going,” Hommel said. “We were a little bit slow but the sec-ond half, we turned around, we went hard, we dodged hard, and we were able to cre-ate looks off going hard.”

The senior struck again just when the Blue Devils needed it. After the Spiders had drawn within one goal in the final five minutes of the first period, Hommel slot-ted her third goal of the game to give Duke some breathing room.

“We were struggling to score in the first half, we just weren’t shooting well,” Kimel said. “I thought we had good looks and good takes, but I thought Makenzie did a great job of attacking from a differ-ent angle that we weren’t pressing from at any other point, so that’s actually where we gained momentum.”

Although experience plays a large part in Hommel’s success thus far, the attacker credits new assistant coach Kirsten Waag-bo—Duke’s all-time assists leader—for her development as a scorer.

“She’s very smart. She brings a whole new experience to us,” Hommel said. “She’s helped me grow as a player in my last year, and I’m thankful for that.”

Hommel finished the game against Richmond with a career-high five goals and continued her scoring run when the Blue Devils took on William & Mary Sunday.

She opened the scoring just 34 seconds into the match, and after the Tribe took a two-goal lead, Hommel broke the tie mid-way through Duke’s 9-0 run.

Then, early in the second half, William & Mary scored three in a row to cut the Blue Devil lead in half, forcing Kimel to call a timeout. Less than 15 seconds after the break, Hommel had an answer, cut-ting in from the right wing and scoring on a low shot.

“When we prepare for teams we look for different places where we can exploit teams’ defenses,” Kimel said. “She did a great job of paying attention to those things.... I was very pleased that as a senior she stepped up in a really good, oppor-tune moment.”

Putting a stop to the Tribe’s momen-tum, Hommel’s goal regained control for Duke, allowing the Blue Devils to cruise to a seven-goal win and keep their unde-feated record.

“She comes up big when we need her,” Virden said.

Championships… We are definitely look-ing to try to beat some of those teams that beat us in the dual meets.”

Duke’s record hasn’t discouraged junior Christine Wixted.

“For swimming, the record does not have a ton of meeting,” Wixted said. “It’s nice we got to compete against [all the ACC teams during the season, but] this is the final show. Anything can happen, it’s just the given day. You’ve got to forget our record and the numbers and take it day by day.”

Duke closed out the regular season last weekend at the Cavalier Invite in Charlot-tesville, Va. with a number of impressive individual performances. Blue Devil Alexa Mendes clocked in a 18:21.42 to earn her-self a fourth place finish in the mile. The freshman also recorded a sixth-place finish in the 100-backstroke finals with a 1:01.13. Mendes will be joined by fellow classmate divers Kendall McClenney and Jaimee Gundry in Greensboro.

“The freshman class is absolutely ter-rific,” Blue Devil head coach Dan Colella said. “We have some great talent within that group. In a lot of sports, sometimes it takes a year or two for them to mature, but I think our freshmen are poised to be a real impact and help us in the team races. They are going to be a big part of [the ACC

Championships].”Although the championships are usual-

ly held at an ACC school’s pool, this year is different than in the past because the event is at a neutral site.

“It’s great to have [the meet] in Greens-boro. It’s a brand new facility,” Colella said. “We absolutely have a lot of great facilities in the conference. Greensboro’s sports group has had a rich history of hosting ACC events…. and when they built this facility, it was obvious that they would be bidding for [the ACC Swim-ming and Diving Championships]. I think the ACC is excited about being there.”

Colella hopes that the proximity of the meet to Duke’s campus will attract Blue Devil fans to the venue in support of their hometown team.

“I feel like it’s more of an equalizer now,” Wixted said. “[The meet] will be held here the next two years that I am here. A lot of parents will always be there and more Duke bodies to [compete with] Virginia and North Carolina’s fanbase.”

Colella wants to see top-notch swims and dives out of his Blue Devils with bigger events on the horizon later in the season and records on the line.

“We definitely have an opportunity to break a lot of team records and to have some ACC champions [in Greensboro],” Colella said. “One of our goals is to get some people qualified for the NCAA championships.”

COLLINS from page 7HOMMEL from page 7 SWIMMING from page 7

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About two years ago, Mohammed Bouazizi set himself on fi re in Sidi Bouzid, Tunisia, spark-ing a string of democratic revolutions across

the Arab world. The New York Times blew up, with interactive maps and graphics of political incidents in Tunisia, then in Morocco, then Egypt and Yemen and Bahrain and on and on. Only a hermit could have avoided the tweets and Facebook posts that soon domi-nated social media.

The fi rst to go, Tunisia ousted its president of 23 years, Zine al-Abidine Ben Ali, after only three weeks in what has since been dubbed the Jasmine Revolution. Tunisia’s fi rst free elec-tions came that next October. It was an already lib-eral and progressive nation doing what it could only be expected to do: demand self-determination and equality. As an American, it’s easy to presume the as-sociation of equality and fairness with secularism in governance, so it’s with a measure of surprise then that this irreligious revolution produced a distinctly Islamist representative government.

Prior to the revolution, Islam was carefully con-strained. Ben Ali perceived one of the biggest threats to his own power to be Islamist movements. Each mosque had prayer leaders appointed by the regime, and all Friday sermon topics had to be pre-approved. When the regime and its tight-fi sted con-trol over mosques dissolved, then, many were seized by ultraconservative Salafi imams who proceeded quickly to advocate the introduction of legislation on things like the implementation of Sharia law and the veiling of women. A moderate Islamist party called Ennahda, with a distinctly less rigid platform, also gained plurality in government. The new free-dom to include religion in government was capital-ized on, bringing about issues and concerns that the nation had never previously dealt with.

One of the concerns associated with a rise in re-ligion in government is minority rights, particularly the rights of women. Say what you will about the au-thoritarian regimes of old, but it was not terribly un-common for their personal interests in maintaining control to line up with the protection of their citizens. The Mubaraks and Assads and Ben Alis did their part for containing extremism, the very fact that slowed the United States in its rush to support the democrat-ic revolutions of 2011. They generally provided for the security of their respective nations. The ability of these regimes to control crowds is all too evident from their behavior during protests. And more often than not, feminist agendas existed due in large part to the special relationships between authoritarians and their wives and daughters.

Leila Ben Ali, formerly Tunisia’s fi rst lady, was

the head of the Arab Women Organization, which sought to alleviate gender disparities and eliminate cases of non-reported domestic violence. Under her husband’s presidency, various departments of govern-

ment conducted surveys in incidents of domestic violence against women and dedicated resources to respond-ing to instances of abuse. The former president took many similarly positive stances on women’s rights—polygamy was illegal, for example. The personal status laws made mutual consent a necessary prerequisite to marriage, and a judicial procedure was in place for divorce proceedings.

But the relatively progressive and liberal treatment of women prior to the Jasmine Revo-lution doesn’t mean a non-secular government is nec-essarily a step back. As an American, it’s easy to look at an Islamist political party and assume the worst, to assume that any Islamist party would adopt intoler-ance for other peoples and fall toward the “extremist” end of the religious spectrum. In many instances the ruling Ennahda party and the Salafi imams presiding over mosques have given adequate cause for concern. When you consider the people of Tunisia, however, you can fi nd reassurance.

Last September, a woman brought charges of rape against two policemen for the fi rst time in Tunisian history. In what can only be considered an attempt to dissuade her to drop charges, she herself was subse-quently charged with indecency and brought to court. It’s clear that systemic issues within policing mecha-nisms and a culture of corruption have not left Tuni-sia with its former president. But the people of Tunisia have developed a tried and true solution in response to these concerns. Nonviolent, articulate protests and social media campaigns rid the Tunisian people of Ben Ali, and they have now saved this 27-year-old rape victim from phony charges of indecency, guarantee-ing fair treatment for her allegations.

Riots led by ultraconservative Salafi s and an at-tempt to change constitutional language from gen-der “equality” to “complementary” gender relations aren’t the most reassuring events in Tunisian history. Yet, the chaos as a country determines its own values and goals, now that it has the ability to do so, can-not be expected to be easy. The people of Tunisia remain the inspiration they were in early 2011, and though maybe the current mix of political parties and ultraconservative religious leaders isn’t right for the nation, the people—the women, men and children—of Tunisia are.

Lydia Thurman is a Trinity sophomore. Her column runs every other Wednesday. You can follow Lydia on Twit-ter @ThurmanLydia.

commentaries10 | WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 20, 2013 THE CHRONICLE

The C

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The Ind

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Dai

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uke

Uni

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editorial

They, the people

Does it fi t the bill?Earlier this month, Duke

students voted to pass the Duke Student Government bill of rights. The bill was meant to create a standard, unifying legislative bedrock for DSG that would cre-ate consistent mechanisms by which stu-dents could seek redress for rights violations without go-ing to a state or federal court.

However, we think the bill creates more problems than it resolves. Its biggest fl aw is that its applicability is ex-tremely unclear. Sophomore Nikolai Doytchinov, DSG vice president for academic affairs, has said that the bill is designed to be enforce-able rather than theoretical. If this is true, then the open-ness of the bill of rights to

wildly different judicial inter-pretation might very well be a problem.

The instrument in which DSG chose to grant these rights—through a bill of

rights—is es-pecially mis-leading. The

rather romantic concept of a bill of rights implies sweeping, universal grant-ing of rights to all members of a social group or polity. A bill of rights usually serves as a fundamental legislative common denominator that takes precedent before all other legislation in scope. However, this traditional conception does not match with the scope and intention of the DSG bill of rights, which only applies to DSG-recognized student groups

and groups that receive Stu-dent Organization Finance Committee funding during their SOFC-funded events. The DSG bill of rights does not grant all Duke students the ability to seek redress from DSG for any incident happening anywhere and under any circumstances that may have violated their purported rights.

We think it is perfectly reasonable and responsible for DSG to regulate the ac-tions of student groups to whom it is giving funding. However, this could have been done through more targeted and specifi c legisla-tion that unites already exist-ing DSG bylaws and SOFC rules that address student rights and discrimination in a more tailored manner. But

the DSG bill of rights is not just overblown—it could also be harmful. The vagueness of the language leaves crucial questions unanswered.

Junior Patrick Oathout, DSG executive vice presi-dent, gave the following ex-ample which only further illustrates this point. Last year, a student threatened to bring a case to the DSG Judiciary claiming that the policy enforced by the Uni-versity Center for Activities and Events that allowed only recognized student groups to table on the Bryan Center plaza was a violation of his individual right to freedom of speech. Oathout, who is a Chronicle columnist, cited this example to show how a bill of rights would either have prevented such an in-

cident or provided a more streamlined mechanism for addressing the prob-lem. However, not only is UCAE—which does not re-ceive DSG funding—not un-der the bill’s purview, it also leaves immensely important concepts like freedom of speech open to interpreta-tion by DSG and its judi-ciary. Oathout’s intentions to enunciate the rights of students are certainly admi-rable, but it would be bet-ter served by a list of more concrete rules that DSG and its student groups must re-spect in its dealings with stu-dents—and not by an expan-sive and easily distortable bill of rights. We the people applaud the intention be-hind the DSG bill of rights but not its method.

”“ onlinecomment

Well done, Patrick. I am so glad you shared your story. ... It’s time for the administration, and the student body, to pay some serious attention to this. The verbal and physical harassment toward LGBTQ (or seemingly LGBTQ) indi-viduals on this campus is rampant and overlooked.

—“bustyourdukebubble” commenting on the column “I rise in fl ame.”

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The Chronicle will not publish anonymous or form letters or letters that are promotional in nature. The Chronicle reserves the right to edit letters and guest columns for length, clarity and style and the right to withhold letters based on the discretion of the editorial page editor.

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lydia thurmandoubly a lie

commentariesTHE CHRONICLE WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 20, 2013 | 11

Alex was a pretty cool guy. He liked watching basket-ball and like me, was a Heat fan. The fi rst time we hung out, we were at a club in South Beach with

some friends; everything was going well until some ran-dom guy asked me to dance with him. All I can remember now is the horrifi ed look on Alex’s face as I turned away to walk with this guy to the dance fl oor. That’s when I learned the fi rst rule about dating: Don’t leave your date to dance with someone else.

To be fair, I was on a blind date with Alex and had no idea. My friend had sent me a message in warning that I had apparently missed. I apologized to Alex later, but I’ve tried to block it from my memory since then. The fi asco popped into my mind this weekend as my friends and I discussed dating at Duke.

When you arrive at the second semester of your senior year, you sort of slide into this dating slump. Most of us fall into one of three categories: happily in a relationship that will continue after graduation, uncomfortably in a relation-ship that doesn’t look like it’s going to make it or resign-edly giving up looking for a relationship because there are only two months left until graduation.

The next item on my graduation bucket list is meant to help you avoid the last two categories: Practice dating.

I’m no expert on dating. What I’ve gathered from years of romantic comedies and many awkward situations is that you may have to go through some pretty awful dates before you fi nally get to the good ones. But the good thing is that you can look back and laugh at those embarrassing situa-tions. Don’t use these anecdotes on a date, though. Your date will just chuckle in concern as they realize they could be your next anecdote.

At Duke, we get so wrapped up in the hookup culture that I worry our graduates will be some of the brightest peo-ple in the country, but have the social skills of a squirrel, or more specifi cally, a Duke squirrel.

The hookup culture is great if that’s what you’re looking for at this point in your life. But if it’s merely a scapegoat to avoid mustering up the courage to ask someone out, then it can’t be benefi cial for the long run. Many of us have been successful at nearly everything we’ve tried—from school to sports to parties. But when it comes to dating, even perfec-tionists gulp in exasperation as they realize that they will have to spend hours in conversation with someone they hardly know.

Hookups may pass as acceptable during these four years, but if “How I Met Your Mother” character Barney Stinson has taught us anything, it’s that one day, we’ll want more than even “The Playbook” can give us. And I’m not quite sure yet, but it’s probably a bad idea to learn the ba-sics of dating when you’re 28 and your mother gives you a three-month ultimatum before she looks for your future husband in India.

For those of you who are in a dead-end relationship solely for the sake of having a guaranteed date every Val-entine’s Day, the fear of being pushed once again into the dating world is as good a deterrent from breaking up as any. The dating world can be scary and frustrating, but it can also be fun and exciting. And although graduation is not really a good enough reason to break out of a relation-ship, fear of dating again is defi nitely not a good enough reason to stay in one.

As a senior, dating feels a bit pointless because you or your close friends have dated/hooked up with seemingly everyone in your class (and apparently had horrible expe-riences). And there are two reasons that such an attitude is just plain wrong. First, you never know when you could fall for someone you didn’t hit it off with right away (see “When Harry Met Sally”); and second, it could be good practice for the future.

It’s time to stop looking wistfully at the “Duke is for Lov-ers” poster in Perkins and take some steps toward maybe ending up there one day. Embrace your assets (in every meaning of that word), and get to know someone outside of the glorious walls of Shooters.

Challenge accepted?

Sony Rao is a Trinity senior. Her column runs every other Wednesday. You can follow Sony on Twitter @sony_rao.

Why we should date

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www.dukechronicle.com/section/opinion for columnists’ Twitter handles.

In the wake of the Great Recession of 2008, innu-merable comparisons have been drawn between the current state of affairs and the Great De-

pression of the 1930s. Their causes, their courses of development and their outcomes have been compared and contrasted, with the resultant analyses used to support all sorts of contradictory interpreta-tions and policy prescriptions.

One of the most popular variants of this Recession-Depression juxta-position has been used as an indict-ment of free markets and voluntary individual economic action. Accord-ing to this line of analysis, the osten-sibly free market policies of Herbert Hoover amplified the effects of the stock market crash of 1929, and necessitated a decade of unprec-edented action on the part of Franklin Roosevelt’s New Deal government in order to restore order to the economy. Along those lines, Paul Krugman—a Nobel Prize-winning economist, an editorialist for The New York Times and an enthusiastic proponent of this version of history—interestingly indicted what he sees as the current president’s “expansion-ary austerity” by referring to him as “Barack Her-bert Hoover Obama.” (I imagine that the president would find accusations of “laissez-faire capitalism,” grossly misguided though they may be, a refreshing change of pace from the usual slurs of “socialism” he often finds hurled his way.)

If it’s true that Herbert Hoover was some sort of free market ideologue, then we would expect to find some evidence of that in the man’s speeches. Far from it, however, Hoover’s speeches reveal a po-sition that, if anything, reads more like the antith-esis of free market economics. “We might have done nothing,” he said of the 1929 crash in an August 1932 speech. “That would have been utter ruin. In-stead we met the situation with proposals to private business and to the Congress of the most gigantic program of economic defense and counterattack ever evolved in the history of the Republic.” Simi-larly, in a second speech just several months later, Hoover directly attacked those who had warned against intervention. “Some of the reactionary econ-omists urged that we should allow the liquidation to take its course until it had found its own bottom. … We determined that we would not follow the advice of the bitter-end liquidationists and see the whole body of debtors of the United States brought to bankruptcy and the savings of our people brought to destruction.” A free market ideologue, indeed.

Those who doubt Hoover’s record of interfer-ence in the economic affairs of our nation, and who see Franklin Roosevelt’s New Deal as a departure from a Hoover administration inclined toward lais-sez-faire, are free to consult the words of Rexford Tugwell, a member of FDR’s Brain Trust and one of the architects of the New Deal. “The ideas embod-ied in the New Deal legislation were a compilation of those which had come to maturity under Herbert Hoover’s aegis,” Tugwell said. “We all of us owed much to Hoover.” Elsewhere, Tugwell confessed, “We didn’t admit it at the time, but practically the whole New Deal was extrapolated from programs that Hoover started.”

It seems as though neither the Hoover nor the Roosevelt administration saw Herbert Hoover as the sort of free market ideologue that people like

Paul Krugman make him out to be. (In fact, part of Roosevelt’s strategy in his 1932 presidential campaign against Hoover was to paint Hoover as a reckless spendthrift, indicting the incumbent for his “orgy

of infl ation.”) But how much does this really prove? Isn’t it still possible, after all, that Hoover, Tugwell and Roosevelt all misread the situation, and that some good old modern day revisionism has set the record straight?

I suppose it’s possible, but it’s not very likely. A quick look at Hoover’s economic policies reveals him to be an interventionist with a firm belief in the power of the government to reverse the tides of disturbance that

were bubbling through the economy during his ad-ministration. Indeed, as Murray Rothbard detailed in “America’s Great Depression,” “If we define ‘New Deal’ as an antidepression program marked by ex-tensive governmental economic planning and in-tervention—including bolstering of wage rates and prices, expansion of credit, propping up of weak firms and increased government spending (e.g., subsidies to unemployment and public works)—Herbert Clark Hoover must be considered the founder of the New Deal in America.”

Despite the many state interventions that occurred under Hoover, however, some still cling to the be-lief that he harbored a free market fundamentalism that serves as a convenient explanation for the se-verity of the Great Depression. The aforementioned Krugman, for instance, cries “austerity” on the basis of some murky numbers, dubbing Hoover’s budget reduction of $63 million—a mere 1.3 percent of the budget of the prior year—as the “fi scal mistake of 1932” and arguing that Hoover was “slashing spend-ing … at the expense … of the nation’s economic future.” As economist Robert Murphy points out, though, Krugman’s sloppy analysis here fails to assess federal spending under the Hoover administration as a percentage of GDP—a more accurate indica-tor of relative federal expenditure in an imploding economy. In fact, defi cit as a share of GDP rose each and every year that Hoover was in offi ce.

Of course, this historically uninformed portrait of Herbert Hoover as a champion of free markets is just one aspect of the historical ignorance em-bodied in today’s doctrine of federal intervention-ism. After all, if it were true that free markets cause recessions and powerful federal governments fix them, then we would have expected the Panics of 1819 and 1921—which were met with little govern-ment action—to have utterly devastated the nation, and those of 1929 and 2008—which were greeted with heavy doses of federal intervention—to have quickly dissolved. History, in fact, has shown us quite the opposite.

Economies, however, are complex things, and no analysis as superficial as this one is sufficient to provide a definitive answer on the proper course of action, either in 1929 or today. It can suggest, how-ever, that people like Paul Krugman take it a little easier on Herbert Hoover. In the end, they have far more in common than Krugman’s cursory under-standing of the historical record suggests.

Chris Bassil, Trinity ’12, is currently working in Bos-ton, Mass. His column runs every Wednesday. You can follow Chris on Twitter @HamsterdamEcon.

The return of depression misconceptions

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chris bassilhuman action

12 | WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 20, 2013 THE CHRONICLE

passed to Sabrina Thomas, associate dean of Trinity College of Arts and Sciences, administrators contacted Becker, offer-ing him the opportunity to graduate. The faculty used the requirements for gradu-ation from the 1950s to determine the classes he still needed to take. He needed two credits to graduate with a degree in political science.

Becker is now enrolled in Religion 101: “Introduction to Religious Studies” with religion professor Wesley Kort and Philosophy 150: “Logic” taught by Ste-phen Martin, a graduate student in phi-losophy.

Although he initially expected stu-dents in his classes to question his age,

Becker noted that few students have tried to engage in conversation with him. He attributed this to an overall lack of com-munication he has noticed since his de-parture from Duke.

Instead of engaging in conversations with their peers, students tend to spend more time with their phones and com-puters, Becker said.

“Do [students] ask me questions? One or two did,” Becker said. “For the most part, they’re very reserved. The camara-derie isn’t there.”

Nevertheless, freshman Abdul Latif, a classmate in Kort’s religion course, said he noticed Becker one day in class and had to ask him why he was there.

“I asked him if he was sitting in on [the class] for a little while, then he told me his story, and I [thought], ‘This is in-

credible,’” Latif said. “It was the day af-ter the whole Kappa Sigma ordeal in the paper, and I thought this was something really positive.”

Latif noted that Becker’s story revived his own love of learning and reasons why he attends Duke.

“It kind of reminds you that you’re here not because of the grades, but you’re here to learn,” Latif said. “I’m not [just] here to get a degree or to get a job.”

This resonates most for Becker, who is not here to get the best grades or the highest-paying career but simply to edu-cate himself.

His wife, Patricia Becker, noted that his decision to return to the University reflects his ability to overcome barriers.

“Nothing is an obstacle to him, he’s always been that way throughout life and

he’s always achieved everything he’s gone after,” she added.

Robert Becker noted how grateful he is for the opportunity to come back to Duke and cross this goal off his bucket list.

“You would think that one person coming back after 59 years at a university with 15,000 students a year, you’re just a number. I found I wasn’t just a number,” he said. “They welcomed me back, they were sincerely interested in me and my graduation, and I feel really special.”

Becker said that despite his age, he feels perfectly capable of handling the coursework and activity required of him.

“Age to me is just a state of mind. Peo-ple say at your age, you should be look-ing for the rocking chair and the front porch. Well, I don’t have a front porch or a rocking chair,” Becker said.

BECKER from page 1

APPLICATIONS from page 2

year are looking for a school that is small, nimble and aggressive enough to respond to their individual needs, so they can start their legal career in a positive way.”

The Law School provides the attention and resources to ensure this positive start for which prospective law students are looking. It has established programs that are intended to help students acquire the lawyering skills that are necessary to show an employer that they can add value, Hoye said.

These programs include working on a full-time basis through externships, repre-senting real clients under the supervision of a professor in clinics and participating in Winter Session, a program in which law students voluntarily return during the first week in January to take courses that are very narrowly focused on skills make that

employers want to see on students’ tran-scripts.

“Overall, our applicants are seeing this place as small enrollment with all these different resources focused on developing one’s career,” Hoye noted. “Many of our applicants are drawn to Duke because they appreciate the focus we’ve maintained on helping to identify the premium jobs in the legal market.”

Hoye noted that Duke Law’s programs, in addition to its recent launch of a dual-degree program that focuses on entrepre-neurship, are committed to helping its students secure premium jobs in the legal market, such as highly sought after clerk-ships and jobs in government.

Senior Hannah Schechter, who applied to Duke Law among eight other top law schools, said the school appears to have a more intimate law school experience that truly integrates its dual-degree and inter-national programs, setting it apart from its competitors.

Schechter also noted that Duke was more generous with merit scholarships than the other schools to which she ap-plied, highlighting the role tuition and debt has played in the national decline.

“[The law school applicant decline is] something that’s been due to happen for a while,” said Schechter. “There were so many people applying for the wrong reasons, and if you’re going to spend $100,000 on a de-gree, you should really think twice.”

Many potential applicants did think twice. In the past, many students decided to apply to law school by default if they had not determined their plans after grad-uating college. The increasing financial burden and fewer legal job opportunities have led to not only a smaller, but also a more focused pool of applicants, Hoye noted.

“I have noticed a difference [in the ap-plicants to Duke Law this year in compari-son to previous years],” Hoye said. “The applications I’m seeing this year are from

students who have been very diligent in thinking about what they want to do in the future. They are very well informed about the legal profession, and they know they want to be lawyers.”

Senior Will Hawkins, an applicant to 12 law schools, including Duke Law, said that although he knows assuming the financial burden of law school is a big risk, he has always wanted to be an attorney, and he is willing to take on the risk “in pursuit of [his] dream.”

With the current tumultuous situation, the future of legal education is unclear, Hoye noted. Some schools that are experi-encing lower applicant numbers may take on smaller first-year classes, or may accept students with slightly less strong academic credentials.

“At Duke, we’re being just as aggressive as always to make sure our students are well-positioned,” Hoye said. “We’re preparing our students to be successful in a changing environment.”