Feasts in the OT and LXX

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Feasts in the OT and LXX

David J. Conklin

In a previous study, du Preez noted that

An investigation of all available documents has yet to reveal any

scholars whose writings on the feast, new moon, sabbath of

Colossians have seriously examined any of the terms used in the

Bible for the ritual feast days of the Israelite nation.1

This study aims, at least partially, to rectify that shortcoming.

It is commonly assumed that when the terms feasts, new moons and sabbaths are used

together in the Bible that these are being used in a chronological sequence of yearly, monthly,

weekly. However, the fact that in most cases these terms are used in reverse order seems to2

mitigate against such an interpretation. While the perception that these are technical terms is a3correct, it would be helpful to study what was meant by each term vs. assuming that we already

know what they mean. To that end this study will focus its attention on the word feast (using

the KJV as our base) to determine what it meant in the time of the OT. We will examine the

terminology used in the MT and the LXX (comparing them with some English translations, other

than just the KJV) with respect to the various feasts that were held during that time-frame. We

Judging the Sabbath: Discovering What Cant be Found in Colossians 2:16. (Andrews1

University Press, 2007): 72.

Paulien [ibid., page 4] also takes it as a "typical OT expression for annual, monthly and2

weekly celebrations." Oppenheimer [ibid., page 3] describes it as a "consistent pattern" with the

"same type of progression in the O.T.." Bacchiocchi [(1977): page 358] notes that the

"unanimous consensus of commentators is that these" days are in a "a logical and progressive

sequence." In his 1988 book [page 117] he states it more carefully when he writes: "the sequence

of the enumeration ... suggests yearly, monthly, and weekly festivities." Note how the New

American Bible inserts the words right into the text: "on yearly or monthly feasts ...". Gladson,

[Jerry A. " The Sabbath in Christian Life: A Reconsideration," page 2] says: "The full formula,

which uses a chronological pattern, annual...monthly..weekly, invariably includes the weekly day

Sabbath."

Gladson has done [ibid.], that this is a "technical formula" and that "Paul uses the same3

formulaic style found repeatedly in the Old Testament ..." Vincent Word Studies describes it as

the "same enumeration of sacred seasons". Noel [Ted "Sabbath-Sunday Discussion. Installment

6," email correspondence 9/12/2000, page 3] describes it as "a typical Jewish literary pattern."

Pipa [Joseph A. The Lord's Day., page 98] states that these "three terms are often used together ...

to describe the various ceremonial days ...".

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will discover a number of interesting features at work within the texts.

First, because of the use of specific terms for feast, we can separate the terms into two

broad categories: secular and religious. In the former, the Hebrew language used a number of

words: primarily mishteh,to much lesser extent, lechem, and oncemaowg(Psalm 35:16). When

they were referring to religious feasts the Jews restricted themselves to two words: chagandmowed. The latter is restricted to feasts to the Lord, whether ordained by God according to the

text or a man-made, fraudulent feast. When the Hebrew text of the OT was translated into the

Greek (LXX) we see that, by and large, the word heortewas chosen. To a lesser extent words

such aspoton, doxen,gamon,kothon, andpanegureisare used. In some cases there is no Greek

equivalent.

Secondly, when we turn to the religious feasts we note that only the following feasts are

found to use the Greek word heorte: the Festival of Unleavened Bread (or Passover) , Festival of4

Booths (or Tabernacles), and Feast of Harvest or Weeks. Neither the Day of Atonement (a day5 6

of fasting afflict your souls), nor the blowing of trumpets both of which are ceremonial7 8

sabbaths, are referred to using the Hebrew or the Greek word for feast. [Hmmm, over-9

statement here.]

Third, we should note that in 2 Chronicles 8:13 it lists the solemn feasts as the feast of

unleavened bread, and in the feast of weeks, and in the feast of tabernacles. Again, we find10

that two ceremonial sabbaths, the Day of Atonement and the blowing of trumpets are excluded

from the list.

Now, when we turn to verses such as 1 Chronicles 23:31; 2 Chronicles 2:4, 8:13, 31:3;

Nehemiah 10:33; Ezekiel 45:17 and Hosea 2:11 (and thus Colossians 2:16, as well) we can see

that the terms sabbaths, new moons and feasts (the more common sequence, and all plurals)

See Exodus 12:14, 17; 13:6, 10; 23:15, 34:18, 25; Leviticus 23:6; Numbers 28:17;4

Deuteronomy 16:16; 2 Chronicles 8:13; 30:13, 21-2; 35:17; Ezra 6:22; Ezekiel 45:21, 23, 25.

See Leviticus 23:34, 39, 41; Numbers 29:12; Deuteronomy 16:13-6; 31:10; 2 Chronicles5

8:13; Ezra 3:4; Nehemiah 8:14, 18; Zechariah 14:16, 18-9.

See Exodus 23:16, 34:22; Deuteronomy 16:10, 16; 2 Chronicles 8:13.6

See Leviticus 23:27-28.7

See Leviticus 23:24 a memorial of blowing of trumpets. See also Numbers 29:1.8

See Leviticus 23:24, 27-8.9

This text is the key to understanding what is meant by the terms feasts, new moons10

and sabbaths. A fact noted to Conklin by Kevin Morgan.

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was simply a way of listing all of the ceremonial days of the year.

We should also note that in the verses just given we are also supplied with more precision

as to what feasts are being referred to. 1 Chron. 23:31, 2 Chron. 31:3 and Neh. 10:33 call them

set feasts. In 2 Chron. 2:4, 8:13 and Hosea 2:11 they are called solemn feasts. Only Ezekiel

45:17 refers to them as simply feasts.

The following table lists all of the uses of the word feast (KJV) in the OT with their11

Hebrew and Greek. Cases such as, Ezra 3:7 where mishtehis translated as drink are excluded.

Others, such as Esther 5:4-6, 8, 12, 14; 6:14; 7:2; 7-8 the Hebrew word mishtehis found

translated as doxen,poio,poton,sumposiou(banquet in the KJV) are also excluded from the

list. Likewise, all translations of mishtehas drink (Dan. 1:5, 8, 10, 16) are excluded. [Or,

shorten the list and simply exclude all references to a secular feast?]

If we search using the Greek term eort* we find that in some cases it is used in the

sense of sacrifice: Exodus 23:18; solemn days: Numbers 10:10 (Heb. mowed); due

season: Numbers 28:2 (Heb. mowed); solemn assembly: Deuteronomy 16:8 (Heb. atsarah);dancing: 1 Samuel 30:16 (Heb. chagag)

In the table below there is one case (Exodus 12:17) where is no Hebrew or Greek

equivalent because the English word feast was supplied. In other cases, there is no Greek

equivalent; for example, in 1 Kings 8:2. In other cases, also not shown in the table, we find that

the LXX has eortewhere there is no Hebrew equivalent in its text; for example, 2 Kings 23:16

the LXX (Brenton translation) has the following: when Jeroboam stood by the altar at the feast:

and he turned and raised his eyes to the tomb of the man of God that. Likewise, in Jeremiah

38:8 (LXX) the phrase to the feast of the passover ... has no corresponding Hebrew equivalent.

In 2 Chronicles 30:26 the corresponding English phrase is the like which is to be understood

without support from the Hebrew. In Psalm 118:27 (117:27, LXX) we have sacrifice (chag)with cords vs. feast with thick branches. In Zephaniah 3:17 (LXX) emera eortes(day of

feasting) is given as mowed(solemn assembly) in the Hebrew. In Isaiah 30:29 (LXX)

eortazontas(keep a feast) is given as chag(holy solemnity) in the Hebrew. In Lamentations

2:22 both the Hebrew (mowed) and the Greek (eortas) are translated as solemn day. In

Ezekial 23:34 the texts are completely different:

(KJV) Thou shalt even drink it and suck it out, and thou shalt break

the sherds thereof, and pluck off thine own breasts: for I have

spoken it, saith the Lord GOD.

(LXX) drink thou it, and I will take away her feasts and her new

moons: for I have spoken it, saith the Lord.

The texts and words were found using BibleWorks 7.0.11

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In Ezekiel 44:24 mine assemblies (mowed) is called a eortaisin the LXX.

In cases where the word chagmeans anything other than feast those texts have been

ignored at this time. The same case applies with the use of chagag. And again with mowed.12 13 14

In many cases, the use of the word mowedis taken to mean congregation. Likewise, there15

are cases in the Greek translation that are not noted. In some cases, the entire verse in the16

See, for instance, Exodus 23:18 (heortesin the LXX) , Psalm 118:27, Isaiah 29:112

where, in the KJV, it is rendered as sacrifice(s). In Isaiah 30:29 it is rendered as solemnity.

See, for instance, Leviticus 23:39 where it means ye shall keep a feast (likewise, see13

Numbers 29:12; Nahum 1:5; Zech. 14:16, 18-9). 1 Samuel 30:16 where it is translated as and

dancing. Psalm 42:4 where it is rendered as holyday. Or, Psalm 107:27 where it is translated

as They reel to and fro.

In Genesis 1:14 the word is translated as and for seasons (see also Exodus 13:10), or14

simply as at the season (Deut. 16:6; see also 2 Kings 4:16-7). In other verses, it carries the

meaning of set time or time appointed (Genesis 17:21, 18:14, 21:2; Exodus 9:5, 34:18, 1

Sam. 20:35; 2 Sam. 20:5; Jeremiah 8:7, 46:17; Habakkuk 2:3; Daniel 8:19; 11:27, 29, 35), or

appointed sign (Judges 20:38), or simply appointed (1 Samuel 13:11 and 2 Samuel 24:15).

In other cases, it means appointed seasons (Numbers 9:2, 3, 7, 13 or appointed feasts (Isaiah

1:14)), or solemn days (Numbers 10:10), or ... solemn feasts(Numbers 15:3, 2 Chronicles

2:4, 8:13; Lamentations 1:4, 2:7; Ezekiel 36:38; Hosea 2:11;12:9), or ... set time (1 Sam. 13:8;

Psalm 102:13), or ... set feasts (1 Chronicles 23:31; 2 Chronicles 31:3; Ezra 3:5; Nehemiah

10:33). Once, the word is translated as unto me in their due season (Numbers 28:2), or, the

word is translated as in your set feasts (Numbers 29:39), or in the solemnity (Deut. 31:10), or

for unto this time (1 Sam. 9:24), or throughout the feast (2 Chronicles 30:22), or appointed

(Job 30:23), or dancing (1 Sam. 30:16 (in the LXX as well)), or for seasons (Psalm 104:19),

or in the feast (Hosea 2:9), or of our solemnities (Isaiah 33:20), or solemn assemblies

(Zephaniah 3:18), or mine assemblies (Ezekiel 44:24), or feasts (Zechariah 8:19). Several

times the words is simply translated as solemn or solemnities (Lamentations 2:22; Ezekiel

45:17; 46:11; Hosea 9:5). As we can see from the above the word covers the concept of time

(and it is once translated as such: Daniel 12:7) and it carries with it the concept of this time being

special or solemn and appointed by God..

Once the word is translated as all the synagogues (Psalm 74:8). Twice, the word has15

to do with assemblies (Lamentations 1:15, 2:6).

For instance, in Lev. 22:21 the LXX has a phrase that is inserted into the text that16

means or an offering in your feasts. In Numbers 10:10 the phrase and in your feasts has been

substituted for and in your solemn days. In Psalm 118:27 (177:27 in the LXX) the phrase

celebrate the feast is inserted. In Isaiah 30:29 the phrase as they that keep a feast? is

substituted for and gladness of heart.

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Brenton translation is quite different from that we find in the KJV. In other cases, the Greek17

word heorte is used as a substitute for a Hebrew word that does not mean feast.18

In the table below evidence from the Apocrypha has been ignored at this time.

Conclusion

Coming from a Jewish background and writing to a church whose members were

probably primarily Jews, Paul would not have used the word heorte to refer to two ceremonial

sabbaths: the Day of Atonement and the blowing of trumpets. To be consistent with the practice

his initial readers would have seen in their Bibles, Paul was not talking about the seventh day

Such as Numbers 28:2 Charge the children of Israel, and thou shalt speak to them,17

saying, Ye shall observe to offer to me in my feasts my gifts, my presents, my burnt-offerings for

a sweet-smelling savour.

1 Kings 12:33 and went up to the altar which he made in Baethel to sacrifice to the heifers

which he made, and he placed in Baethel the priests of the high places which he had made. And

he went up to the altar which he had made, on the fifteenth day in the eighth month, at the feast

which he devised out of his own heart; and he made a feast to the children of Israel, and went up

to the altar to sacrifice.

In 2 Kings 23:16 the LXX, it ends with ... when Jeroboam stood by the altar at the feast: and he

turned and raised his eyes to the tomb of the man of God that spoke these words.

In 2 Chronicles 30:26 the KJV ends with ... there was not the like in Jerusalem. In the LXX it

has ... there was not such a feast in Jerusalem.

In Psalm 76:10 (75:11 in the KJV) For the inward thought of man shall give thanks to thee: and

the memorial of his inward thought shall keep a feast to thee.

In Jeremiah 31:8 (38:8 in the LXX) Behold, I bring them from the north, and will gather them

from the end of the earth to the feast of the passover: and the people shall beget a great multitude,

and they shall return hither.

In Lamentations 2:22 THAU. He has called my sojourners round about to a solemn day, and

there was not in the day of the wrath of the Lord any one that escaped or was left; whereas I have

strengthened and multiplied all mine enemies. (Emphasis for the translation)

In Ezekiel 23:34 drink thou it, and I will take away her feasts and her new moons: for I have

spoken it, saith the Lord.

In Deut. 16:8 the Hebrew word is atsarah (solemn assembly).18

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Sabbath in Colossians 2:16. An abnormal usage would have confused his readers. Clark was

correct in noticing that the feasts and new moons of this verse are ceremonial and thus he also

correctly suggested that Paul was talking about ceremonial sabbaths.19

Gordon Clark, Colossians: Another Commentary on an Inexhaustible Message. Tyndale19

New Testament Commentaries (Presbyterian and Reformed, 1979): 94.

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Table of the Hebrew and Greek Translations for feast in the Old Testament

Text Hebrew Greek

(LXX)

Genesis 19:3 And he pressed upon them greatly; and they turnedin unto him, and entered into his house; and he made them a

feast,* and did bake unleavened bread, and they did eat.

* The Complete Jewish Bible (hereafter, CJB ) simply has20

meal. The Young Literal Translation (hereafter, YLT ) has21

banquet.

mishteh poton

Genesis 21:8 And the child grew, and was weaned: and

Abraham made a great feast* the same day that Isaac was weaned.

* The CJB simply has meal. The YLT has banquet.

mishteh doxen

Genesis 26:30 And he made them a feast,* and they did eat and

drink.

* Both the CJB and the YLT have banquet.

mishteh doxen

Genesis 29:22 And Laban gathered together all the men of the

place, and made a feast.*

* Both the CJB and the YLT have banquet.

mishteh gamon

Genesis 40:20 And it came to pass the third day, which wasPharaoh's birthday, that he made a feast* unto all his servants: and

he lifted up the head of the chief butler and of the chief baker

among his servants.

* The CJB has party. The YLT and Brenton have banquet.22

mishteh poton

CJB - Complete Jewish Bible. Copyright 1998 by David H. Stern. Published by20

Jewish New Testament Publications, Inc. www/messianicjewish.net/jntp. Distributed by

Messianic Jewish Resources International.

YLT - The English Young's Literal Translation of the Holy Bible 1862/1887/1898, by21

J. N. Young.

The English Translation of The Septuagint Version of the Old Testamentby Sir22

Lancelot C. L. Brenton, 1844, 1851, published by Samuel Bagster and Sons, London.

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Exodus 5:1 And afterward Moses and Aaron went in, and told

Pharaoh, Thus saith the LORD God of Israel, Let my people go,

that they may hold a feast* unto me in the wilderness.

* The CJB has festival.

chagag eortasosin

Exodus 10:9 And Moses said, We will go with our young and

with our old, with our sons and with our daughters, with our flocks

and with our herds will we go; for we must hold a feast* unto the

LORD.

* The YLT has festival,

chag eorte

Exodus 12:14 And this day shall be unto you for a memorial;

and ye shall keep it a feast* to the LORD throughout your

generations; ye shall keep it a feast by an ordinance for ever.

* The CJB says festival.

chag /

chagag

eortasete

(2x); eorten

Exodus 12:17 And ye shall observe thefeast* ofunleavened

bread; for in this selfsame day have I brought your armies out of

the land of Egypt: therefore shall ye observe this day in your

generations by an ordinance for ever.

* The CJB has festival. Because the word is supplied Brenton

and the YLT have no translation.

Exodus 13:6 Seven days thou shalt eat unleavened bread, and in

the seventh day shall be a feast* to the LORD.


chag eorte

Exodus 23:14 Three times thou shalt keep a feast* unto me in

the year.


chagag eortasate

Exodus 23:15 Thou shalt keep the feast* of unleavened bread:

(thou shalt eat unleavened bread seven days, as I commanded thee,

in the time appointed of the month Abib; for in it thou camest outfrom Egypt: and none shall appear before me empty:)


chag eorten

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Exodus 23:16 And the feast* of harvest, the firstfruits of thy

labours, which thou hast sown in the field: and the feast* of

ingathering, which is in the end of the year, when thou hast

gathered in thy labours out of the field.


chag(2x) eorten(2x)

Exodus 32:5 And when Aaron saw it, he built an altar before it;

and Aaron made proclamation, and said, To morrow is a feast* to

the LORD.

* The YLT says festival.

chag eorte

Exodus 34:18 The feast* of unleavened bread shalt thou keep.

Seven days thou shalt eat unleavened bread, as I commanded thee,

in the time of the month Abib: for in the month Abib thou camest

out from Egypt.


chag eorten

Exodus 34:22 And thou shalt observe the feast* of weeks, of the

firstfruits of wheat harvest, and the feast of ingathering at the

year's end.


chag(2x) eorten(2x)

Exodus 34:25 Thou shalt not offer the blood of my sacrifice with

leaven; neither shall the sacrifice of the feast of the passover be

left unto the morning.

chag eortes

Leviticus 23:2 Speak unto the children of Israel, and say unto

them, Concerning the feasts* of the LORD, which ye shall

proclaim to be holy convocations, even these are my feasts.*

* The CJB has designated times. The JPS and YLT have

appointed seasons.

mowed

(2x)

eortai(2x)

Leviticus 23:4 These are the feasts* of the LORD, even holy

convocations, which ye shall proclaim in their seasons.


appointed seasons.

mowed eortai

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Leviticus 23:6 And on the fifteenth day of the same month is the

feast* of unleavened bread unto the LORD: seven days ye must

eat unleavened bread.


chag eorte

Leviticus 23:34 Speak unto the children of Israel, saying, The

fifteenth day of this seventh month shall be the feast of tabernacles

for seven days unto the LORD.

chag eorte

Leviticus 23:37 These are the feasts* of the LORD, which ye

shall proclaim to be holy convocations, to offer an offering made

by fire unto the LORD, a burnt offering, and a meat offering, a

sacrifice, and drink offerings, every thing upon his day:


appointed seasons.

mowed eortai

Leviticus 23:39 Also in the fifteenth day of the seventh month,

when ye have gathered in the fruit of the land, ye shall keep a

feast* unto the LORD seven days: on the first day shall be a

sabbath, and on the eighth day shall be a sabbath.


chag eortasete

Leviticus 23:41 And ye shall keep it a feast unto the LORD

seven days in the year. It shall be a statute for ever in your

generations: ye shall celebrate it in the seventh month.

chag eortasete

Leviticus 23:44 And Moses declared unto the children of Israel

the feasts* of the LORD.


appointed seasons.

mowed eortas

Numbers 15:3 And will make an offering by fire unto the

LORD, a burnt offering, or a sacrifice in performing a vow, or in a

freewill offering, or in your solemn feasts,* to make a sweet

savour unto the LORD, of the herd or of the flock:

* The CJB has designated times. The JPS has appointed

seasons, while the YLT has appointed things.

mowed eortais

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Numbers 28:17 And in the fifteenth day of this month is the

feast:* seven days shall unleavened bread be eaten.

* The YLT has festival.

chag eorte

Numbers 29:12 And on the fifteenth day of the seventh month yeshall have an holy convocation; ye shall do no servile work, and ye

shall keep a feast* unto the LORD seven days:

* The YLT has festival.

chag eorten

Numbers 29:39 These things ye shall do unto the LORD in your

set feasts,* beside your vows, and your freewill offerings, for your

burnt offerings, and for your meat offerings, and for your drink

offerings, and for your peace offerings.

* The CJB has designated times. The JPS and YLT haveappointed seasons.

mowed eortais

Deuteronomy 16:10 And thou shalt keep the feast* of weeks

unto the LORD thy God with a tribute of a freewill offering of

thine hand, which thou shalt give unto the LORD thy God,

according as the LORD thy God hath blessed thee:


chag eorten

Deuteronomy 16:13 Thou shalt observe the feast* of tabernacles

seven days, after that thou hast gathered in thy corn and thy wine:


chag eorten

Deuteronomy 16:14 And thou shalt rejoice in thy feast,* thou,

and thy son, and thy daughter, and thy manservant, and thy

maidservant, and the Levite, the stranger, and the fatherless, and

the widow, that are within thy gates.


chag eorte

Deuteronomy 16:15 Seven days shalt thou keep a solemn feast*

unto the LORD thy God in the place which the LORD shallchoose: because the LORD thy God shall bless thee in all thine

increase, and in all the works of thine hands, therefore thou shalt

surely rejoice.


chagag eortaseis

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Deuteronomy 16:16 Three times in a year shall all thy males

appear before the LORD thy God in the place which he shall

choose; in the feast* of unleavened bread, and in the feast* of

weeks, and in the feast* of tabernacles: and they shall not appear

before the LORD empty:


chag(3x) eorte(3x)

Deuteronomy 31:10 And Moses commanded them, saying, At

the end of every seven years, in the solemnity of the year of

release, in the feast* of tabernacles,


chag eorte

Judges 14:10 So his father went down unto the woman: and

Samson made there a feast;* for so used the young men to do.

* The CJB, Brenton and YLT all have banquet.

mishteh poton

Judges 14:12 And Samson said unto them, I will now put forth a

riddle unto you: if ye can certainly declare it me within the seven

days of the feast,* and find it out, then I will give you thirty sheets

and thirty change of garments:

* The CJB and YLT have banquet.

mishteh potou

Judges 14:17 And she wept before him the seven days, while

their feast* lasted: and it came to pass on the seventh day, that he

told her, because she lay sore upon him: and she told the riddle tothe children of her people.

* The CJB, Brenton and YLT all have banquet.

mishteh potos

Judges 21:19 Then they said, Behold, there is a feast* of the

LORD in Shiloh yearly in a place which is on the north side of

Bethel, on the east side of the highway that goeth up from Bethel

to Shechem, and on the south of Lebonah.

* The CJB and YLT have festival.

chag eorte

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1 Samuel 25:36 And Abigail came to Nabal; and, behold, he

held a feast* in his house, like the feast* of a king; and Nabal's

heart was merry within him, for he was very drunken: wherefore

she told him nothing, less or more, until the morning light.

* Brenton and YLT have banquet.

mishteh

(2x)

potos(2x)

2 Samuel 3:20 So Abner came to David to Hebron, and twenty

men with him. And David made Abner and the men that were with

him a feast.*


mishteh poton

1 Kings 3:15 And Solomon awoke; and, behold, it was a dream.

And he came to Jerusalem, and stood before the ark of the

covenant of the LORD, and offered up burnt offerings, and offered

peace offerings, and made a feast* to all his servants.


mishteh poton

1 Kings 8:2 And all the men of Israel assembled themselves unto

king Solomon at the feast* in the month Ethanim, which is the

seventh month.


chag

1 Kings 8:65 And at that time Solomon held a feast,* and all

Israel with him, a great congregation, from the entering in of

Hamath unto the river of Egypt, before the LORD our God, sevendays and seven days, even fourteen days.


chag eorten

1 Kings 12:32 And Jeroboam ordained a feast* in the eighth

month, on the fifteenth day of the month, like unto the feast* that

is in Judah, and he offered upon the altar. So did he in Bethel,

sacrificing unto the calves that he had made: and he placed in

Bethel the priests of the high places which he had made.


chag(2x) eorten(2x)

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1 Kings 12:33 So he offered upon the altar which he had made

in Bethel the fifteenth day of the eighth month, even in the month

which he had devised of his own heart; and ordained a feast* unto

the children of Israel: and he offered upon the altar, and burnt

incense.


chag eorte

1 Chronicles 23:31 And to offer all burnt sacrifices unto the

LORD in the sabbaths, in the new moons, and on the set feasts,*

by number, according to the order commanded unto them,

continually before the LORD:

* Where the KJV has set feasts, Brenton simply has feasts.

The CJB has designated times. The JPS and YLT have

appointed seasons.

mowed eortais

2 Chronicles 2:4 Behold, I build an house to the name of the23

LORD my God, to dedicate it to him, and to burn before him

sweet incense, and for the continual shewbread, and for the burnt

offerings morning and evening, on the sabbaths, and on the new

moons, and on the solemn feasts* of the LORD our God. This is

an ordinance for ever to Israel.

* Where the KJV has solemn feasts, Brenton simply has

feasts. The CJB has designated times. The JPS and YLT have

appointed seasons.

mowed eortais

2 Chronicles 5:3 Wherefore all the men of Israel assembled

themselves unto the king in the feast* which was in the seventh

month.


chag eorte

2 Chronicles 7:8 Also at the same time Solomon kept the feast*

seven days, and all Israel with him, a very great congregation,

from the entering in of Hamath unto the river of Egypt.


chag eorten

This is chapter 2, verse 3 in the BGT and LXT.23

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2 Chronicles 7:9 And in the eighth day they made a solemn

assembly: for they kept the dedication of the altar seven days, and

the feast* seven days.


chag eorten

2 Chronicles 8:13 Even after a certain rate every day, offering

according to the commandment of Moses, on the sabbaths, and on

the new moons, and on the solemn feasts,* three times in the year,

even in the feast** of unleavened bread, and in the feast of weeks,

and in the feast of tabernacles.

* Where the KJV has solemn feasts, Brenton simply has

feasts. The CJB has designated times. The JPS and YLT have

appointed seasons.

** The CJB has festivals and then names the three.

mowed

/ chag

(3x)

eortais

/ eorte(3x)

2 Chronicles 30:13 And there assembled at Jerusalem much

people to keep the feast* of unleavened bread in the second

month, a very great congregation.


chag eorten

2 Chronicles 30:21 And the children of Israel that were present

at Jerusalem kept the feast* of unleavened bread seven days with

great gladness: and the Levites and the priests praised the LORD

day by day, singing with loud instruments unto the LORD.


chag eorten

2 Chronicles 30:22 And Hezekiah spake comfortably unto all the

Levites that taught the good knowledge of the LORD: and they did

eat throughout the feast* seven days, offering peace offerings, and

making confession to the LORD God of their fathers.

* The CJB has festival. The YLT has appointed thing.

mowed eorten

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2 Chronicles 31:3 He appointed also the king's portion of his

substance for the burnt offerings, to wit, for the morning and

evening burnt offerings, and the burnt offerings for the sabbaths,

and for the new moons, and for the set feasts,* as it is written in

the law of the LORD.

* Where the KJV has set feasts, Brenton simply has feasts.


appointed seasons.

mowed eortas

2 Chronicles 35:17 And the children of Israel that were present

kept the passover at that time, and the feast* of unleavened bread

seven days.


chag eorten

Ezra 3:4 They kept also the feast* of tabernacles, as it is written,and offered the daily burnt offerings by number, according to the

custom, as the duty of every day required;


chag eorten

Ezra 3:5 And afterward offered the continual burnt offering,

both of the new moons, and of all the set feasts* of the LORD that

were consecrated, and of every one that willingly offered a

freewill offering unto the LORD.

* Where the KJV has set feasts, Brenton has hallowed feasts.


appointed seasons.

mowed eortas

Ezra 6:22 And kept the feast of unleavened bread seven days

with joy: for the LORD had made them joyful, and turned the

heart of the king of Assyria unto them, to strengthen their hands in

the work of the house of God, the God of Israel.

chag eorten

Nehemiah 8:14 And they found written in the law which the

LORD had commanded by Moses, that the children of Israel

should dwell in booths in the feast of the seventh month:

chag eorte

Nehemiah 8:18 Also day by day, from the first day unto the last

day, he read in the book of the law of God. And they kept the feast

seven days; and on the eighth day was a solemn assembly,

according unto the manner.

chag eorten

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Nehemiah 10:33 For the shewbread, and for the continual meat24

offering, and for the continual burnt offering, of the sabbaths, of

the new moons, for the set feasts,* and for the holy things, and for

the sin offerings to make an atonement for Israel, and for all the

work of the house of our God.

* Where the KJV has set feasts, Brenton simply has feast. The

CJB has designated times. The JPS and YLT have appointed

seasons.

mowed eortas

Esther 1:3 In the third year of his reign, he made a feast* unto all

his princes and his servants; the power of Persia and Media, the

nobles and princes of the provinces, being before him:

* The CJB and YLT have banquet.

mishteh doxen

Esther 1:5 And when these days were expired, the king made afeast* unto all the people that were present in Shushan the palace,

both unto great and small, seven days, in the court of the garden of

the king's palace;

* The CJB has seven-day banquet, while Brenton and YLT have

banquet.

mishteh poton

Esther 1:9 Also Vashti the queen made a feast* for the women

in the royal house which belonged to king Ahasuerus.

* The CJB, Brenton and YLT have banquet.

mishteh poton

Esther 2:18 Then the king made a great feast* unto all his

princes and his servants, even Esther's feast**; and he made a

release to the provinces, and gave gifts, according to the state of

the king.

* The CJB, Brenton and YLT have banquet.

** The CJB and Brenton habe nothing, while the YLT has

banquet.

mishteh

(2x)

poton /

gamos

Verse 34 in the BGT, LXT and CJB.24

Page -17-


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Esther 8:17 And in every province, and in every city,

whithersoever the king's commandment and his decree came, the

Jews had joy and gladness, a feast* and a good day. And many of

the people of the land became Jews; for the fear of the Jews fell

upon them.

* Brenton has feasting and YLT has banquet.

mishteh kothon

Esther 9:17 On the thirteenth day of the month Adar; and on the

fourteenth day of the same rested they, and made it a day of

feasting* and gladness.

* JPS has feasting. YLT has banquet. CJB has celebrating.

Brenton has rest with joy.

mishteh charas

(joy)

Esther 9:18 But the Jews that were at Shushan assembled

together on the thirteenth day thereof, and on the fourteenththereof; and on the fifteenth day of the same they rested, and made

it a day of feasting* and gladness.

* JPS has feasting. YLT has banquet. CJB has celebrating.

Brenton has rest with joy.

mishteh charas

(joy)

Esther 9:19 Therefore the Jews of the villages, that dwelt in the

unwalled towns, made the fourteenth day of the month Adar a day

of gladness and feasting*, and a good day, and of sending portions

one to another.

* Brenton has nothing. YLT has banquet. CJB has rejoicing.

mishteh agathen

(joy)

Esther 9:22 As the days wherein the Jews rested from their

enemies, and the month which was turned unto them from sorrow

to joy, and from mourning into a good day: that they should make

them days of feasting* and joy, and of sending portions one to

another, and gifts to the poor.

* YLT has banquet. CJB has rejoicing.

mishteh gamon

(joy)

Job 1:4 And his sons went and feasted* in their houses, every

one his day; and sent and called for their three sisters to eat and todrink with them.

* CJB has banquets. Brenton and YLT have banquet. JPS has

feast.

mishteh poton

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Job 1:5 And it was so, when the days of their feasting* were

gone about, that Job sent and sanctified them, and rose up early in

the morning, and offered burnt offerings according to the number

of them all: for Job said, It may be that my sons have sinned, and

cursed God in their hearts. Thus did Job continually.

* CJB has banquets. Brenton and YLT have banquet.

mishteh potou

Psalm 35:16 With hypocritical mockers in feasts*, they gnashed

upon me with their teeth.

* The CJB, JPS and Brenton have nothing.

maowg

Psalm 42:4 When I remember these things, I pour out my soul25

in me: for I had gone with the multitude, I went with them to the

house of God, with the voice of joy and praise, with a multitude

that kept holyday.*

* The CJB and Brenton have festival. YLT has feast.

chagag eortazontos

Psalm 74:4 Thine enemies roar in the midst of thy26

congregations*; they set up their ensigns for signs.

* Brenton has feast. CJB and JPS have meeting-place. YLT

has meeting-places.

mowed eortes

Psalm 74:8 They said in their hearts, Let us destroy them27

together: they have burned up all the synagogues* of God in the

land.

* Brenton has feasts. CJB, JPS and YLT have meeting-places.

mowed eortas

Psalm 81:3 Blow up the trumpet in the new moon, in the time28

appointed, on our solemn feast* day.

* YLT has festival.

chag eortes

Psalm 41:5 in the LXX; chapter 42, verse 5 in CJB (parenthetical in JPS).25

Psalm 73:4 in the LXX.26

Psalm 73:8 in the LXX.27

Psalm 80:4 in the LXX; chapter 81, verse 4 in CJB (parenthetical in JPS).28

Page -19-


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Proverbs 15:15 All the days of the afflicted are evil: but he that

is of a merry heart hath a continual feast*.

* YLT has banquet. Brenton has nothing.

mishteh

Ecclesiastes 7:2 It is better to go to the house of mourning, thanto go to the house of feasting*: for that is the end of all men; and

the living will lay it to his heart.

* Breton has banquet while the YLT has banqueting.

mishteh potou

Ecclesiastes 10:19 A feast* is made for laughter, and wine

maketh merry: but money answereth all things.

* The CJB has parties. Brenton has prepare bread.

lechem

(bread)

arton

(bread)

Isaiah 1:14 Your new moons and your appointed feasts* my soul

hateth: they are a trouble unto me; I am weary to bear them.

* The JPS has appointed seasons. YLT has set seasons. CJB

has festivals.

mowed eortas

Isaiah 5:12 And the harp, and the viol, the tabret, and pipe, and

wine, are in their feasts*: but they regard not the work of the

LORD, neither consider the operation of his hands.

* The CJB has parties. The YLT has banquets. The Brenton

has nothing.

mishteh

Isaiah 25:6 And in this mountain shall the LORD of hosts make

unto all people a feast* of fat things, a feast* of wines on the lees,

of fat things full of marrow, of wines on the lees well refined.

* The YLT has banquet for both. The CJB and Brenton merge

both into one term with the Brenton in italics indicating that it was

supplied.

mishteh

(2x)

Jeremiah 16:8 Thou shalt not also go into the house of feasting*,

to sit with them to eat and to drink.

* Instead of house of feasting as in the KJV, Brenton has

banquet-house. The CJB has celebrating. The YLT has

banqueting.

mishteh potou

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Jeremiah 51:39 In their heat I will make their feasts*, and I will

make them drunken, that they may rejoice, and sleep a perpetual

sleep, and not wake, saith the LORD.

* The CJB has drink. JPS has feast. Brenton has draught.

The YLT has banquets.

mishteh

Lamentations 1:4 The ways of Zion do mourn, because none

come to the solemn feasts*: all her gates are desolate: her priests

sigh, her virgins are afflicted, and she is in bitterness.

* The CJB has festivals. The JPS has assembly. Brenton has

feast, without indicating that it is solemn as in the KJV. The

YLT has appointed time.

mowed eorte

Lamentations 2:6 And he hath violently taken away his

tabernacle, as if it were of a garden: he hath destroyed his placesof the assembly: the LORD hath caused the solemn feasts* and

sabbaths to be forgotten in Zion, and hath despised in the

indignation of his anger the king and the priest.

* Brenton has feast, without indicating that it is solemn as in

the KJV. The CJB has designated times. The JPS has

appointed season. The YLT has appointed time.

mowed eorten

Lamentations 2:7 The LORD hath cast off his altar, he hath

abhorred his sanctuary, he hath given up into the hand of the

enemy the walls of her palaces; they have made a noise in the

house of the LORD, as in the day of a solemn feast*.

* Brenton has feast, without indicating that it is solemn as in

the KJV. The CJB has festival day. The JPS has solemn

assembly. The YLT has day of appointment.

mowed eortes

Ezekiel 36:38 As the holy flock, as the flock of Jerusalem in her

solemn feasts*; so shall the waste cities be filled with flocks of

men: and they shall know that I am the LORD.


season. Brenton has feast, without indicating that it is solemn

as in the KJV. The YLT has appointed seasons.

mowed eortais

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Ezekiel 45:17 And it shall be the prince's part to give burnt

offerings, and meat offerings, and drink offerings, in the feasts,

and in the new moons, and in the sabbaths, in all solemnities* of

the house of Israel: he shall prepare the sin offering, and the meat

offering, and the burnt offering, and the peace offerings, to make

reconciliation for the house of Israel.


seasons. Brenton has feast, without indicating that it is

solemn as in the KJV. The YLT has appointed times.

chag/

mowed

eortais(2x)

Ezekiel 45:21 In the first month, in the fourteenth day of the

month, ye shall have the passover, a feast of seven days;

unleavened bread shall be eaten.

chag eorte

Ezekiel 45:23 And seven days of the feast he shall prepare a

burnt offering to the LORD, seven bullocks and seven ramswithout blemish daily the seven days; and a kid of the goats daily

for a sin offering.

chag eortes

Ezekiel 45:25 In the seventh month, in the fifteenth day of the

month, shall he do the like in the feast of the seven days,

according to the sin offering, according to the burnt offering, and

according to the meat offering, and according to the oil.

chag eorte

Ezekiel 46:9 But when the people of the land shall come before

the LORD in the solemn feasts*, he that entereth in by the way of

the north gate to worship shall go out by the way of the south gate;

and he that entereth by the way of the south gate shall go forth bythe way of the north gate: he shall not return by the way of the gate

whereby he came in, but shall go forth over against it.


seasons. Brenton has feast, without indicating that it is

solemn as in the KJV. The YLT has appointed times.

mowed eortais

Ezekiel 46:11 And in the feasts* and in the solemnities the meat

offering shall be an ephah to a bullock, and an ephah to a ram, and

to the lambs as he is able to give, and an hin of oil to an ephah.

* The CJB has festivals.

chag eortais

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Daniel 5:1 Belshazzar the king made a great feast* to a thousand

of his lords, and drank wine before the thousand.

* The CJB has banquet. The Brenton has supper.

lechem doxen(BGT)

or deimnon

(BGT-TH)

Hosea 2:11 I will also cause all her mirth to cease, her feast*29

days, her new moons, and her sabbaths, and all her solemn

feasts**.

*The CJB has festivals. The YLT has festival. The JPS and

Brenton have feasts.

** The CJB has designated times. The JPS has appointed

seasons. The YLT has appointed times. The Brenton has

assemblies.

chag /mowed

eortas /panegureis

Hosea 9:5 What will ye do in the solemn day, and in the day ofthe feast* of the LORD?


chag eortes

Hosea 12:9 And I that am the LORD thy God from the land of30

Egypt will yet make thee to dwell in tabernacles, as in the days of

the solemn feast.*

* The CJB has established festival. The JPS has appointed

season. The YLT has appointed time. Brenton has feast,

without indicating that it is solemn as in the KJV.

mowed eortes

Amos 5:21 I hate, I despise your feast* days, and I will not smell

in your solemn assemblies**.

* The CJB and YLT have festivals.

** The CJB and JPS have solemn assemblies. Brenton has

general assemblies. The YLT has restraints.

chag eortas

Hosea 2:13 in the LXX and CJB.29

Hosea 12:10 in the LXX and CJB30

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Amos 8:10 And I will turn your feasts* into mourning, and all

your songs into lamentation; and I will bring up sackcloth upon all

loins, and baldness upon every head; and I will make it as the

mourning of an only son, and the end thereof as a bitter day.

* The CJB and YLT have festivals.

chag eortas

Nahum 1:15 Behold upon the mountains the feet of him that31

bringeth good tidings, that publisheth peace! O Judah, keep thy

solemn feasts*, perform thy vows: for the wicked shall no more

pass through thee; he is utterly cut off.

* The CJB and YLT have festivals. The JPS and Brenton have

feasts, without indicating that it is solemn as in the KJV.

chag eortas

Zechariah 8:19 Thus saith the LORD of hosts; The fast of the

fourth month, and the fast of the fifth, and the fast of the seventh,and the fast of the tenth, shall be to the house of Judah joy and

gladness, and cheerful feasts*; therefore love the truth and peace.

* The CJB has nothing. The JPS has seasons. The YLT has

appointed seasons.

mowed eortas

Zechariah 14:16 And it shall come to pass, that every one that is

left of all the nations which came against Jerusalem shall even go

up from year to year to worship the King, the LORD of hosts, and

to keep the feast* of tabernacles.


chag eorten

Zechariah 14:18 And if the family of Egypt go not up, and come

not, that have no rain; there shall be the plague, wherewith the

LORD will smite the heathen that come not up to keep the feast*

of tabernacles.


chag eorten

Zechariah 14:19 This shall be the punishment of Egypt, and the

punishment of all nations that come not up to keep the feast* of

tabernacles.


chag eortasai

Nahum 2:1 in the LXX and CJB.31

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Malachi 2:3 Behold, I will corrupt your seed, and spread dung

upon your faces, even the dung of your solemn feasts*; and one

shall take you away with it.

* The CJB has festival. The YLT has festivals. Brenton has

feasts, without indicating that it is solemn as in the KJV. TheJPS has sacrifices.

chag eorton

Page -25-

Documents

Feasts in the OT and LXX