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FDRand the
First New Deal
The 1932 Election
Franklin D. Roosevelt Herbert Hoover Democrat Republican Electoral vote: 472 59 Percentage: 57.4% 39.7%
Objective...Explain why Americans
overwhelmingly embraced the image of FDR as the hope for the their future.
*Objective…Describe the background of FDR.• Aristocratic family• Believed government could make people’s lives better.• 1921: Stricken with Polio…• 1928: Governor of NY• 1932: Elected 32nd President - Democrat• The only 4 term US President
Franklin Delano Roosevelt
Article/ Quiz: A Monumental Man
#17) What personal experience
transformed FDR?
“Once I spent two years in bed trying to move my
big toe… After that anything else
seems easy” - FDR
First Lady Eleanor RooseveltThe most active First Lady in U.S. history.
• FDR’s “social conscience”& advisor • Supports minorities & the poor• Writes, speaks & travels as the “eyes & ears”
of FDRArticle/ Quiz: Eleanor Roosevelt
FDR promises America…• FDR promises…
- a “new deal”…
- “bold and persistent experimentation”
The Election of 1932 FDR Hoover– Electoral Vote: 472 59– Popular Vote: 23m 15.7m– Percentage: 57.4% 39.7%
16) How extensive was the Democratic victory in both the executive and legislative branches?
1933 Inaugural Address
• FDR symbolized confidence & hope for America… “The only thing we have to fear,
…is fear itself”
19) What was FDR’s inaugural message?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=amNpxQANk0M
*I & E: 20th Amendment
The Lame Duck Amendment - Advanced the inauguration date from March 5th to January 20th.
Objective…Describe the government responses
under the Roosevelt administration to the social & economic problems
associated with the Depression.
The First New
Deal
What was the New Deal?...
What were the three main focuses of the New Deal?...
The 3 R’s… Relief
Recovery Reform
- The policies put forward by FDR…- FDR promised America a “new deal.”
J. Doyle, Phila. Daily News March 3, 1933
The message?
The symbolism?
I & E: “Brain Trust”…
The advisors assembled by FDR… Academics, lawyers, professors &
journalists.
*21) What was the Hundred Days?
Refers to the first 100 days FDR was in office.
- More laws are passed in this time than any other peace time period in our history. - 15 new laws between March 9th & June 16th
Since 1933 all administrations are
judged for their performance in the
first 100 days.
22) What was the “Priming the Pump” concept?...
• The idiom…“prime the pump”…To do something in order to make something succeed, especially to spend money.
What was Keynesian Economics?...
• “pump priming”• To get the economy going:
- Lower taxes
- Government spends money (Prime the pump)
- Deficit spending by government
Key Legislation of the First New Deal
• Emergency Banking Act• Civilian Conservation Corps• Fed. Emergency Relief Admin.• Agricultural Adjustment Act• Tennessee Valley Authority• National Industrial Recovery Act• Glass–Steagall Banking Act• Truth In Securities Act
The message?The symbolism?
*20) What steps did FDR take to restore the banking system and what success did he
have?
Emergency Banking Act…
AKA: “Bank Holiday”
Provided FDR with the means to reopen banks & regulate
banking.
Bank Runs – 20% of all banks close
Roosevelt’s Fireside chats...
Radio talks given by FDR… Designed to inspire confidence by explaining New Deal
measures in plain language.
*The Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)
3M young men (18 to 25) found work in road building, forestry labor & flood control.
*Federal Emergency Relief Act(FERA) …
• Formerly the Emergency Relief Administration (ERA) under Hoover.• Eventually replaced by the Works Progress Admin. (WPA)• Created unskilled jobs• Cost $3.1 B in federal funds …20M employed• Psychologically beneficial to the male breadwinner.
Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA)
The AAA decreased crop surpluses by subsidizing farmers
who voluntarily cut back on production.
*Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) …
Allowed the federal government to build dams &
power plants in the TE Valley, to generate & sell the power.
Why is the TVA controversial
project?
*Glass-Steagall Banking Act…
Forces banks out of the investment business & creates the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) to insure bank deposits up to $5,000.
The Beer Act…
21st Amendmentrepeals the
18th Amendment
National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA)
• NIRA – Congress gives FDR the power to manage the nation's business.
• Goal: Recovery & create jobs to give economic relief
• The NIRA includes…• NRA – National Recovery Administration
• PWA – Public Works Admin. - Sec. Int. Ickes
* NIRA: National Recovery Administration
(NRA)
The NRA regulate wages, working hours, prices & recognizes trade unions.
Declared unconstitutional in1935:
Congress could not delegate its lawmaking power to the President.
National Recovery Administration
NIRA: Public Works Administration
• $4.2B on large scale projects
• Constructed schools, hospitals, post offices, roads & dams.
• Creates jobs
PWA
What criticism is directed at the various
WPA projects?
