Fauvism

When: 1904-1908 Where: France Who: Matisse (leader), Derain and Vlaminck How: used pure, brilliant colour, applied straight from the paint tubes in an aggressive, direct manner to create a sense of an explosion on the canvas. What: The Fauves painted directly from nature as the Impressionists had before them, but their works were invested with a strong expressive reaction to the subjects they painted.Colours used are non-naturalistic. What: Figures (Matisse: Woman with the Hat 1905, Madame Matisse 1905, The Joy of Life 1905)Interiors (Matisse: The Window 1905, Harmony In Red 1908)Still Life First formally exhibited in Paris in 1905, Fauvist paintings shocked visitors to the annual Salon d'Automne; one of these visitors was the critic Louis Vauxcelles, who, because of the violence of their works, dubbed the painters "Les Fauves" (Wild Beasts).

Fauvism and Matisse

Fauvism only lasted for 4 years. But the impact was made. Artists before Fauvism were still too attached to the naturalism of colours. The Fauves were able to break away from this and invent their own colours for the objects. This had a lot of impact on the development of Expressionism later on. For Matisse, he continued the use of bright colours and the flattening of the picture plane. For the years to come, he was to become one of the most important artists of the 20th Century, along with Picasso.

Matisse: The Joy of Life

Matisse: The green stripe In Matisse’s green stripe portrait of his wife, he has used colour alone to describe the image. Her oval face is bisected with a slash of green.Hair and head framed by three jostling colours. Her right side repeats the vividness of the intrusive green; on her left, orange echo the colours of her dress. The green stripe down the centre of Amélie Matisse's face acts as an artificial shadow line and divides the face in the conventional portraiture style, with a light and a dark side - a cool and warm side. The paint is applied with thick brushstrokes.

Matisse: Portrait of Andre Derain

Matisse: Woman with hat”

Matisse: Harmony in red

The painting consists of red walls and table cloth, with patterns of blue interweaving plant designs. This painting with such an unusual use of colours started off as Harmony in Green. However, Matisse found green too similar to the springtime scenery outside the window, and changed it to Harmony in Blue. Blue to Matisse wasn't abstract enough and hence, the final state - red. He wanted to paint it red so as to dispel any suggestion of naturalism or real life.

Matisse: Dance

The painting demonstrated how figures can be linked with rhythm and color against a contrasting background, instead of the Cubist's arbitary fragmentation of the figures deformations of planes.

Matisse: Music Matisse uses his images of dancers, and of human figures to convey certain expressions while the details of anatomy are of a lesser importance.

CubismWhen: 1907-1914 Where: France Who: Picasso & Braque What: Early Cubism 1907-1909 Aimed to: Sought to flatten out the picture plane. Influenced by: Cezanne and Primitive art. Characteristics: extremely bright colours, hard edged forms, and flattened space. Though previous art movements (Impressionism and Post Impressionism) began to evolve into flatter forms, Picasso and Braque were more radical in their approach. German Expressionism and Fauvism were going on simultaneously, and the works of those artists also tended towards flattened pictorial space. A primary difference between Cubism and those movements is that Cubism is based much less on the expression of emotion than it is an intellectual experiment with structure.

PicassoLes Demoiselles

• Les Demoiselles de Avignon was Picasso's earliest work which broke dramatically from his figurative and poetic works of the first part of his life.

• Relates directly to the prostitution district of Paris. The women's facial features disintegrate into primitive masks, and their bodies are so hard-edged that it looks as if it would cut you if you touched them. At this time, Picasso was increasingly influenced by the raw expressive power of African and Oceanic tribal arts. The women are simultaneously seductive and horrifying.

German Expressionism

• Where: Germany • What: Not to reproduce a subject accurately,

but to express the inner state of the artist. • Influenced by, Fauvism and Cubism.• Groups: Die Brücke, Der Blaue Reiter• .Who: Wassily Kandinsky, Franz Marc. Kirchner

Die Brucke

When: Formed In 1905,

Where: Dresden, Germany. What: In practice they were not a cohesive group, and their art became an angst-ridden type of Expressionism. How: The achievement that had the most lasting value was their revival of graphic arts, in particular, the woodcut using bold and simplified forms. Who: Influenced by van Gogh, Gauguin and primitive art, and Munch was also a strong influence, having exhibited his art in Berlin from 1892. What: Subjects: City scenes, portraits, figures. What: Goal: wanted German art to be a bridge to the future. Who: Ernst Ludwig Kirchner (1880-1938), Erich Heckel (1883-1970) and Karl Schmidt-Rottluf (1884-1976).

Die Brucke and Kirchner

Paintings: In this bold, discomforting scene, entitled Street, Dresden, the German Expressionist Ernst Ludwig Kirchner attempts to render the jarring experience of modern urban bustle. Painted in shrill and clashing colors, everything and everyone seem to radiate tension. Pedestrians are packed onto the sidewalks, locked into a constrictive space, their only path out blocked by a trolley. The street is crowded, even claustrophobic, yet each individual seems very much alone. Notice how the women at the right, clutching purse or skirt, hold themselves in. Their faces are expressionless, almost mask-like, as if seeking anonymity. And a little girl, dwarfed by a menacing hat, drifts in the middle of the picture. Kirchner himself commented, "the more I mixed with people the more I felt my loneliness."

Kirchner's Street, Dresden is a bold expression of the intensity, the dissonance and anxiety associated with the modern city.

Kirchner: SP

Der Blaue Reiter

• Who: Founded by Wassily Kandinsky and Franz Marc• When: 1911• Where: Munich• What: Influences: primitive and naive art, children's pictures,

religious paintings on glass, and their modern favourites Cézanne and Delaunay.

• How: Through the use of distorted forms and startling color, they sought to discover spiritual truths that they felt the impressionists had overlooked. Less united stylistically and as a group than the Brücke, their art ranged from the sometime pure abstractions of Kandinsky to the romantic imagery of Marc. Common to the artists in the group was a philosophical spirit, an intellectual approach to technique, and great lyrical spontaneity.

Marc Marc “The Blue Horse I” 1911

MarcFate of the Animals”

Kandinsky"Composition IV" 1911