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URES WSEAS conference Faro, Portugal, 2010
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THE FLAT AND THE KNURLED SPACE IN THE RECONSTRUCTION OF CITIES
Maria BOSTENARU DAN
Overview
Introduction The philosophical base The settlement The reconstruction of towns for reason of
different concepts The reconstruction after an earthquake Reconstruction after the old model Conclusions
Introduction
Philosopher Deleuze Opposed concepts
Flat Knurled
Different models: technological, maritime, musical, physical, aesthetical, ludical, noological Ex. maritime (nomad – sedentary)
Relationship settlement – urban planing – politics – the knurling
The philosophical base
Work from 1980 Maritime model The town is the knurled place by
excellence Agriculture: invention of the town Grafitti – escapes control
The settlement
Three Little Pigs – story The straw house is that of the nomad,
the timber one of the semi-nomad and the stone one of the sedentary
Sustainability becomes a value
The reconstruction of towns for reason of different concepts
Alexandru Sandu Urban organism – urban force – the
knurling forces to act Urban activity – human mobile Every activity has a parcours until it
finds its own place Knurling supposes a flat place to knurl
The reconstruction of towns for reason of different concepts
Functionalism Another order of the town as the
traditional Le Corbusier Plan Voisin – Paris Criticism by French politicians
The reconstruction of towns for reason of different concepts
Socialist architecture ? Postmodern Bucharest Ceauşescu – Victoria Socialismului
Boulevard Great scale demolitions after the 1977
Vrancea earthquake
Victoria Socialismului boulevardBucharest, Romania
The reconstruction of towns for reason of different concepts
The reconstruction of towns for reason of different concepts
Ceauşescu demolitions The remaining places are still flat, no
knurling has succeeded (see Izvor Park – vegetation did not grow)
Bucharest 2000 competition tried to produce a knurling – different one of the Bucharest garden city type
Izvor ParkBucharest, Romania
The reconstruction of towns for reason of different concepts
Landscape proposal for Izvor Park, Bucharest
The reconstruction of towns for reason of different concepts
Landscape proposal for Izvor Park, Bucharest
The reconstruction of towns for reason of different concepts
The reconstruction of towns for reason of different concepts
Knurling in Bucharest in the interwar time
North-South boulevard Due to gardens, minimal interventions
were necessary Athens Charter but not functionalism The block of flats was introduced Fight for space Vulnerability to earthquakes
North-South boulevard in Bucharest
The reconstruction of towns for reason of different concepts
North-South boulevard in Bucharest
The reconstruction of towns for reason of different concepts
The reconstruction after an earthquake
The earthquake is a force flattening a knurled town
It is a force of nature escaping control Numerous towns flattened by earthquakes
and reconstructed Deliberate urban plans for reconstruction
known in more recent history Earthquakes destroy the sedentary space,
but, although it proves that it was constructed in a dangerous zone, it is built again in that zone or close to it
Local seismic culture
The reconstruction after an earthquake
Baixa in Lisbon 1755 earthquake Baroque The earthquake destroyed the medieval
tissue (Alfama) Marques de Pombal
Aerial view of the Baixa district in Lisbon
The reconstruction after an earthquake
View from Alfama district, Lisbon
The reconstruction after an earthquake
The reconstruction after an earthquake
Ljubljana, Slovenia 1895 earthquake Afterwards spread of the Art Nouveau Style Slovenia belonged to the Austro-Hungarian
Empire Viennaise urban planers invited (Camillo
Sitte, Max Fabiani), but the choice felt for Slovene, for political reasons
Jože Plečnik, the national Slovene architect, elaborated a plan of Ljubljana in 1929
Triple Bridge in Ljubljana with emblematic Art Nouveau building
The reconstruction after an earthquake
Building by Joze Plecnik with Art Nouveau features
The reconstruction after an earthquake
The reconstruction after an earthquake
Bucharest 1977 The earthquake used as a pretext Link: today people are suspicious to
move in frame of retrofit measures as they fear loosing property
Reconstruction after the old model
London 1666 Unclarities in the property regime If the designed plan would have been
applied, London would have rivaled with Paris as Baroque city
After WWII – centres reconstructed on the old model and to respond to housing needs satellite towns were created
Conclusions
Occidental society – sedentary society since hundreds of years
Flattening tendencies appear in the town Preoccupation of Gilles Deleuze, French
philosopher Bottom-up (ex. graffiti) and top-down
flattening (political) Political forces influenced also the
reconstruction after catastrophes
Conclusions
The new knurling imposed by political power makes cities differ of those organically grown (fractals, Cosmin Chirvasie http://myriammahiques.blogspot.com/2010/02/introducing-arch-cosmins-work-on-urban.html ) namely through geometric rules
At the end of the 20th century it is put into discussion to reconstruct functionalist cities in traditional way
Acknowledgements
The support of the Marie Curie Reintegration Grant, contract number MERG-CT-2007-200636, run time 2007-2010, from the European Commission for performing this research is gratefully acknowledged.
The support of the COST action TU0801 “Semantic enrichment of 3D city models for sustainable urban development” for attending the conference and presenting this work in Faro, Portugal, is gratefully acknowledged as well.
Questions?
Thank you!