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FANTASYFICTIONExplain:What’s the difference between fiction, fantasy, and mythology?
Bellringer
Fiction: a story that involves imaginary events that could be true, but aren’t.
Fantasy: a work of literature that involves elements that are so highly imaginative they could never truly exist.
Mythology: a collection of stories that teach a lesson, inspire, explain the unexplainable, entertain, that belong to a certain culture or tradition.
Mythology
The word ‘mythology’ made up of two Greek roots.1) “mythos” meaning story2) “-logy” meaning the study of.
By definition, mythology is the study of stories of a specific region or culture.
WHERE DO THEY COME FROM?
Many people wonder where myths come from.
About 2,000 years ago an ancient Greek scholar suggested that all myths are based on historical facts that, over time, have been exaggerated into impossible events.
Most modern scholars believe myths serve as metaphors or symbols for teaching the beliefs of a culture.
They believe the events are not based in truth, but serve as an exciting way to get people to listen and learn from the story.
WHY LEARN?
• Learning about myths is important when studying history because they teach a lot about a society’s values, life experiences, environment, and beliefs and allow people to compare them to their own.
• Myths, historical evidence, and archaeological finds offer insight into a society’s past.
ANCIENT GREEK MYTHOLOGY
Ancient Greece is well known for its stories of gods, goddesses, and heroes.
Basically, a myth is a story with a purpose.
Myths attempt to give explanations for events in the natural world among humans and between Gods.
For example in Ancient Greece where volcanic eruptions were common- they told myths about the God Hephaestus who lived underground.
They explained the lava and fire from the volcanoes as the huge fires of Hephaestus’s forge that he created weapons at.
MYTH OF THE SEASONS
The Greeks did not think that they Gods were only responsible for disasters, but also for basic daily events.
For example they believe the four seasons were created by the Goddess Demeter.
According to a Greek myth Demeter had a daughter, Persephone, who was kidnapped by Hades, God of the Underworld, because of her beauty.
Demeter missed her daughter terribly and begged Hades to release her. He agreed to let her return to her mother for 6 months every year.
During the fall & winter, Demeter is separated from her daughter once again and misses her. Her grief is what causes the plants to not grow.
When she returns home this is the spring & summer months when the plants return due to Demeter’s happiness.
A CLASSICAL GREEK MYTH:• Explains a natural phenomenon or the
creation of something
• Depicts a struggle between good and evil
• Shows a relationship between mortals and the supernatural
• Contains magical characters, gods, goddesses, nymphs, giants, etc.
• Sometimes depicts a hero’s quest to accomplish a great feat
• Makes reference to geological places and cultural aspects of ancient Greece
HONORING THE GODS• To keep the Gods happy the Greeks built great
temples to honor them around Greece.
• They expected the Gods to give them help when they needed it in return,
• When they needed advice they traveled to Delphi, a city in central Greece, to consult the Oracle.
• The Oracle was a female priest of Apollo to whom they though the Gods gave answers.
• Very well respected - was asked by Greek leaders for advice on how to rule.
GREEK MYTHOLOGY
IN THE BEGINNING…• Greek mythology begins with Gaia, the earth
goddess who formed the world from nothingness. She birthed and later married Uranous, the sky-god.
• They had a child named Cronus, who left his parents and started a group of fierce gods called the Titans.
• Nervous about being overthrown by one of his children, Cronus swallowed all but one of them—a child named Zeus.
OVERTHROW OF KRONOS
• As legend predicted Zeus killed his father, opened his father’s belly and freed his brothers and sisters. Zeus banished the Titans to the Underworld.
• He went to live on Mount Olympus. This would become the home of the Gods.
• The gods and goddesses who lived with Zeus on Mt. Olympus were known as civilized deities, helping to bring order to Greece.
GREEK GODS & GODDESSES
• Besides the main Olympian gods and goddesses, Greeks honored hundreds of other gods and goddesses.
• Some were local deities, known only to the residents of particular city-states, while others were known throughout Greece.
GODS AND GODDESSES OF ANCIENT GREECE
ZEUS (JUPITER)
King of the gods
Ruler of the Sky and weather
Upholder of oaths
Hospitality
Symbol: Lighting Bolt
HERA (JUNO)
Sister of Zeus
Wife of Zeus
Queen of the Gods
Upholder of marriage
Extremely Jealous
Symbols: Peacock & Cow
POSEIDON (NEPTUNE)
Brother of Zeus
God of the sea
Creator of Horses
Earthquakes
Symbol: Trident
HADES (PLUTO)
Brother of Zeus
God of the Underworld
Ugly, Unlucky, & Unfortunate
Watches over the souls of the dead and the monsters imprisoned by Zeus in the great war.
DEMETER (CERES)
Sister of Zeus
Goddess of the Earth/Agriculture
Symbols: Wheat & Plants
PERSEPHONE (PROSERPINA)
Daughter of Demeter
Wife of Hades
Queen of the Underworld
Spends six months in the underworld (winter) and six months with her mother (summer)
HESTIA (VESTA)
Goddess of the Hearth or Fireside
Daughter of Cronus and Rhea
ATHENA (MINERVA)
Daughter of Zeus
Born from Zeus’s head
Goddess of Wisdom & Strategy
Warfare
Crafts
Symbol: Owl
APOLLO (APOLLO)
Son of Zeus
God of many things:
Light & Sun
Truth & Prophecy
Healing & Plague
Music & Poetry
Drives a Golden Chariot Across the Sky
Twin sister is Artemis
Symbols: Python, Raven, & Bow & Arrows
ARTEMIS (DIANA)
Daughter of Zeus
Twin sister of Apollo
Goddess of the Hunt & the Moon
Wild animals
Childbirth
Symbol: Bow & the Deer
ARES (MARS)
Son of Zeus and Hera
God of War
While Athena was seen as strategic in war, Ares was seen as unpredictable and violent.
Loves battles.
Symbols: Wild Boar & a Spear
APHRODITE (VENUS)
Born from sea foam
Daughter of Zeus
Married to Hephaestus
Goddess of Love, Beauty, & Pleasure
Anyone will magically fall in love with her upon sight
Symbol: Dove
HEPHAESTUS (VULCAN)
Son of Hera
God of Metal Working, Fire, Smelting, & Crafts
Blacksmith for the Gods
Symbols: Hammer and Anvil
DIONYSUS (BACCHUS)
God of Wine , Music, Theater, and Wild Behavior
Son of Zeus and the mortal woman Semele
Only major God that has a mortal mother
Symbols: Grapes
HERMES (MERCURY)
Son of Zeus
Messenger of the Gods
God of commerce, thieves, travelers, sports, athletes, and border crossings,
Guide to the Underworld
Symbol: Cadeuces
EROS (CUPID)
Son of Aphrodite
Minor Love God
Represented as mischievous- interventions in affairs of Gods and Mortals to create bonds of love
Symbols: Bows, Arrows, Candles, Hearts, Cupids, & Wings and Kisses
PAN (FAUNUS)God of Nature, Shepherds and flocks, hunting, rustic music, & companions of nymphs
Legends tell us that he was so ugly his own mother ran away screaming in a panic.
Half man, half goat- such as the mythical creatures- Satyr
LEARN THESE!
Graded Quiz on Friday at the beginning of class over these Gods & Goddesses!
Study!!!