NATIONAL HISTORICAL MAGAZINEVOLUME LXXVI, No. 7 JULY, 1942

ContentsFrontispiece: The Copley Family

WHOLE NUMBER 587

EDITORIAL PACEThe President General's Message 535

ARTICLESValley Forge . . . ... . .The Dress of Colonial Children . . . .The Scene Changes at Ellis Island .Ballads and Old Songs . . . . . . .

(Winning Story July D. A. R.Revolutionary Soldiers in Hillsdale County, Michigan .The Village of the Iron-Master . . . . .

VERSE

John Rollins Hart .Vylla P. Wilson .Mrs. Delos W. ThayerLetitia S. Shroy .

Contest)Vivian Lyon Moore .Carlos M. Mishler .

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. 551

. 559

Hay-Foot, Straw-Foot Men Sarah Elizabeth Wert Taylor . 541(Winner First Prize July Poetry Contest)Shooting Stars Lucy A. K. Adee . . . 559Song Glenn Ward Dreshach . 591

REGULAR DEPARTMENTSServiee and Defense 542Treasures of Our Museum 550Between Your Book Ends 560State Conferences 562Children of the American Revolution 571News Items 573Genealogical Department 575Committee Reports 584Parliamentary Procedure 589

OFFICIALMinutes, National Board of Management:

Special Meeting, June 12, 1942National Board of Management Schools

593594597

Issued ByTHE NATIONAL SOCIETY OF THE DAUGHTERS OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTIONPublication Office: MEMORIAL CONTINENTAL HALL, Washington, D. C.

ELISABETH ELLICOTT POE, Editor

Address all manuscripts, photographs and editorial communications to The Editor, National HistoricalMagazine, Memorial Continental Hall, Washington, D. C.* a *

MRS. C. A. SWANN SINCLAIR, National Chairman,National Historical Magazine Committee

Single Copy, 25 Cents. Yearly Subscription, $2.00; Two Years, $3.00Copyright, 1942, by the National Society, Daughters of the American RevolutionEntered as second-class matter, December 8. 1924. at the Post Office at Washington, D. C., Under the Aet ofMarch 3, 1879

The C

ople

y Family

From the

patnting by John Copley

The President General's MessageDEAR MEMBERS:

TIME marches on—no matter how sador gay any of us may be. When we face

the most heart-breaking experiences of lifeit is a comfort to recall the words of thewise man of the Orient who said: "This,too, shall pass."We must learn to look forward with

hope, taking one step at a time and bearingour burdens with a smile.

Let us think of the eternal truths andunseen realities.We may not always see the sun or moon

but we firmly believe that they are fixedin the Heavens to light our way throughlife.We cannot see the winds and breezes nor

can we see the friendliness—the encour-agement—the truth—devotion and love—but we know that all these are about us.June 21st was Father's Day. In many

homes there were celebrations of the occa-sion.

In these days of anxiety and appre-hension we realize more than ever beforethe cares which the earthly father bears.We are all proud of his strength and hisdevotion to his family. It is good to pauseat least once in the year to remember thathe needs a cheery word and smile and someextra attention from those who, because ofhis loving care, receive so many worldlyblessings.

There are the older members in ourhomes who bring peace and comfort to usdaily. We may gain courage and under-standing from them if we will take time tolisten to their experiences in the days longpast which held similar problems andtragedies to those which we have beforeus today.The five minutes of daily prayer at 12

noon, Washington time, which our mem-bers will observe in the future may well bespent beside those dear ones for whosepresence in our households we give thanksdaily.

Truly the past and the present are boundtogether by golden ties.The celebration of the memorable events

in the history of our nation make us verysensible of this fact.

July Fourth—Independence Day is a date

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which every American will remember al-ways with thankfulness.In days gone by it was observed with

noise and excitement but for years ourpeople have seemed to realize the deepsignificance of the day.On July 4th, 1776, when the Liberty

Bell rang out the glad tidings to the wait-ing world that the Declaration of Inde-pendence had been signed, the real Amer-ica was born. America, the land of thefree and the hcme of the brave, became abeacon of light drawing oppressed andsuffering humanity to its shores. All theyears since 1776 liberty—justice and equal-ity for all, have made for happy homesand prosperity for the people.In this year 1942 Americans are deter-

mined to keep this country safe for theirchildren no matter what the sacrificesmay be.Everywhere through this vast country

men and boys are leaving with hearts andminds set to aid other nations in theirstruggle for freedom from possible tyranny.God grant that they may soon return

victorious—ready to resume their regularoccupations and duties.In the meantime the American women

will not be idle. There is so much to bedone in keeping the homes ready to wel-come these gallant men of our armed forceswho have responded so wonderfully to thecall of this country.Women must bear always the sorrows

and anguish of these partings but keepingbusy is the greatest panacea for this.They will need to inform themselves in

all branches of self preservation and de-fense. They must learn to cook and sew,for there will be need of these simpleservices as well as for the nursing, the en-tertaining and the war relief services forthe men in camps.Added to this, the children must be

trained physically, mentally and morally,for we must build and prepare for thefuture of this nation.

MRS. WILLIAM H. POUCH, PRESIDENT GENERAL, REV. JOHN ROLLINS HART, AND MRS. SAMUEL J. CAMPBELL

TREASURER GENERAL, LOOK AT MODEL OF VALLEY FORGE MEMORIAL TOWER.

Valley For/geBY JOHN ROLLINS HART

VOLLOWING. the announcement that Ihad accepted the call to Valley Forge a

friend said to me "Don't retire from lifeand become the keeper of a museum."

I laughed and assured him that if I didI would continue to be the keeper of manyother things as well.

Valley Forge is definitely a historic cen-ter. We see in our large park, in the oldbuildings and in our new and beautifulChapel every suggestion of days gone by.Fortunately our grounds have been keptfree from every modern intrusion—theman who wanted to build a 48-story hotelwas quietly spirited away. Very littleimagination is required to see the conti-nental troops on guard at the Star Redoubt

overlooking the Schuylkill which some ofour tourists mistake for the Delaware andwant to know where Washington made hisfamous crossing. The Headquarters build-ing, the Inn, the site of the old forge arehere as of long ago.The old covered bridge, winding path-

ways and trout stream are with us and oc-casionally the deer roam our woods addinganother touch of the primitive and wildlife so vividly associated with the begin-nings of our independence. General Wash-ington kneeling at prayer is an easy visionin many parts of our grounds.At Headquarters there is a museum of

great historic value and the larger ValleyForge Museum of American History ad-

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joins the Chapel and displays thousandsof exhibits including a case of Washing-ton's personal possessions among whichare to be found the marque and the Flaghe used at Valley Forge. The exhibitswere collected and are being collected toportray the entire history of our countrywith great emphasis quite naturally on theRevolutionary Period.The Chapel itself is such a finished piece

of architectural skill that every suggestionto enlarge it has been opposed. Its stainedglass windows illustrating the history ofthe country are thought by some to be themost beautiful in the world with an un-paralleled saturation of color in each me-dallion. Nicola D'Ascenzo, the artist,made a special study of the San Chapelleand Chartres Cathedral before he began.They are alternately red and blue in thepredominating color which with the whitewalls between give our national red, whiteand blue. The Altar window is a brilliantred window with so much movement andreflection even on cloudy days. It depictsthe Life of Christ and is the gift of theColonial Dames of America in the State ofPennsylvania. The large window in therear contains 36 scenes from the life ofGeorge Washington and is the gift of theDaughters of the American Revolution ofPennsylvania. It is a subdued, quiet andrestful blue and affords a perfect contrastin its depth of tranquillity to the Altarwindow.The wood carving in the Chapel done

by Edward Maene is likewise renownedand of such unusual quantity that it ar-rests the attention instantly and bespeaks aregard for another art of man that thepast days have given us with such pains-taking devotion. Throughout the Chapel,the Porch of the Allies, the Cloister of theColonies and the Peak Memorial Rooms inthe rear of the Chapel there are to be seena vast accumulation of memorials andtributes to the individuals and groups whomade America.And now we turn to the future and to

progress, to that surge of life, world widetoday in its force and impact, which myfriend feared the keeper of a museummight miss.

All of that life reaches Valley Forge andwe receive it and give it in our religious,educational, musical, literary and patrioticprograms. We shall enjoy and safeguard

the patriotism of old and add to it. Ourlibrary in the Bishop White Room—a partof the Peak Memorial Building—has justbeen catalogued for the first time byMajor Edgar Gardner, Mrs. J. NewtonHunsberger and Mrs. J. Harrison Johnston.Many valuable books have been madeavailable to the visitors in this quiet andbeautiful reading room.We consider Valley Forge a priority at

all times and when any part of its equip-ment is found to be inadequate we con-sider it a duty of church and State to supplythat which is lacking. Accordingly theBell Tower appeal rings across the land.The renowned carillon consisting of 49bells—one from every State in the Unionand the National Birthday Bell hangs inan old box—unsightly and unsafe.

Full plans have been drawn and thefoundations built for a glorious Bell Towerto be called the "Robert Morris Thanks-giving Tower." The cost of the Tower is$75,000.00. It is to be erected at the endof the Museum Building and the Porch ofthe Allies right by the driveway. Its heightis 95 feet, architecturally in proportion tothe Chapel. We are using the motto: "AMemorial to a Free American People by aFree American People."The memorials in the Bell Tower are of

growing significance. The Daughters ofthe American Revolution have taken the 21Steps of Fame leading up to the Tower asa memorial to the Revolutionary War Sol-diers. Any citizen may have an ancestorcommemorated by the payment of $10.00.The doors of the Tower have been taken

by the National Board of the Daughters ofthe American Revolution in honor of thePresident General, Mrs. William H. Pouch.The keystone above the doors has been

taken by the Pennsylvania Society, D. A. R.as the Pennsylvania State Memorial.The archway above the doors is being

considered as a special memorial and like-wise the 21 inside steps connecting theTower with the Museum building.

There are 5 stained glass windows-3costing $1,000 and 2 costing $5,000. Oneof each has been taken as a memorial notyet to be announced.The sedile or stone seat for the caril-

loneur is another fitting memorial.Our State Regent in Pennsylvania, Mrs.

William Stark Tompkins, appointed Mrs.

f..1!

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William C. Langston of York as the Chair-man of the State Committee who have al-ready taken such a leading part in makingthe Tower a reality by directing the selec-tion of memorials and by selling stones tothe Chapters and individuals. At the glori-ous Congress in Chicago their work wascaught up instantly by Mrs. Pouch, Presi-dent General, and the whole national or-

.0.

ganization and the great achievement willsoon be complete.

Valley Forge moves on, the past, presentand future must be the same. It was inthe beginning, is now and ever shall bethe dividing line between defeat and victoryand with the faith of our fathers, GeneralWashington and his Army we rejoice inspirit.

D. A. R. National War Projects Fund

WE ARE grateful to our members for their response to the call

for funds for D. A. R. National War Projects (i. e., blood plasma

program and the purchase of life-saving instruments), which was

voted for at the 51st Continental Congress. Up to date, nearly $1,000

has been received. This fund is to be collected by voluntary contri-

butions, under the supervision of the chapters; money to be sent

through the State Treasurers to the Treasurer General, from whose

office money for the purchases of necessary equipment will be sent.

Notice: CHANGE OF WORDING IN RESOLUTION REFERRED TO ABOVE:

In the resolution pertaining to the above subject, adopted by the Con-

tinental Congress, the word "and" should appear between "program"

and "for," as quoted:

"WHEREAS, The National Society, Daughters of the American Revo-

lution, in addition to other war activities, believes that special

stress should be placed upon the importance of conservation

of human life in the armed forces;

Resolved, That the National Society adopt as a major war project

the raising of a fund for aiding the expansion of the blood

plasma program and for the purchase of equipment to be used

in the saving of many lives.

Resolved, That this fund be raised as rapidly as possible under the

supervision of the chapters by voluntary contributions."

The Dress of Colonial ChildrenBY VYLLA P. WILSON

WHEN the modern mother dons pina-fore frock exactly like that worn by

her small daughter, she is not being indi-vidual at all.

In the very early days of this nation theclothes of little girls, even tiny babies, werecut on the same patterns and made of thesame materials as the belles and dames ofthose times. Even small boys wore waist-coats and stocks and breeches patternedafter those of their elders.

In Virginia, where George Washingtontook great pride in the clothes of the ladiesof Mount Vernon, including those of hisfavorite step granddaughter Nellie Custis;and Thomas Jefferson looked with prideon his grandchildren at Monticello andother notable family centers of old Vir-ginia, the costumes of children followedwith much faithfulness the styles worn bythe elders.Boys often wore coats really dresses until

they were six or seven. Then came thehappy day that they were allowed to donthe breeches and coats modeled after theirfathers.No doubt they were as proud as the boy

of today in his first "man's suit" which inrecent years has become the recognizedgarb of even very young gentlemen.

Studies of pictures of the fair younglasses of old Virginia show many a tinygirl as well as her teen age sisters withsatin bodices, hand made collars of laceand fine stuffs, their hair dressed like ladiesfinished with small lace caps. Their petti-coats reached to their toes.

Often their shoes were of red and adornedwith buckles. The pride of a little girlin her long gown of silk or the populartabby cloth as she sat with the ladies ofthe family to sew or work her sampler wasas great as that of the little girl of todaywho sews on her Red Cross garments withher mother, both dressed in a mother anddaughter costume. The little girls likedthe sway of the "hanging sleeves" of theRevolutionary period their mothers re-peated on their own costumes. Even littleboys were allowed these hanging sleeves.The loosely tied hoods made of silk orvelvet or the tabby of finely embroidered

muslin of-their dresses tied over their hairwhen they fared forth were exactly like theones worn by their mothers.

In summer dresses of fine lawn and calicowith fine collars of hand work were wornby little girls and women alike and made agay color note in many an old fashionedgarden.At Mount Vernon Nellie Custis wore

clothes selected by Washington, who had aliking for fine materials. This was shownin lists of costumes he ordered for NellieCustis and George Washington Parke Cus-tis, his step grandchildren.

Washington dispatched many orders toEngland for clothes for his stepchildrenbefore the Revolution. But for them aswell as himself he adhered to the made inAmerica policy after this country becamea nation.When Nellie Custis was but six years old

Washington ordered for Nellie a fashion-able cap or fillet with bib apron and laterhe sent an order for "tuckers bibs andaprons if they be fashionable."What excitement there must have been

at Mount Vernon during those peacefuldays before the Revolutionary War whenthese articles arrived.From the London agent came in 1761:"1 Coat of Fashionable silkA Fashionable Cap or Fillet with Bib apronRuffles and tuckers to be laced4 Fashionable dresses made of Long Lawn.2 Fine Cambric Frocks.A Satin Capuchin, hat and neckatees.A Persian Quilted coat.1 p. Pack Thread Stays.4 p. Calhoun= shoes.6 p. Leather Shoes.2 p. Satin Shoes with flat ties.6 p. Fine Cotton Stockings.4 pairs white worsted stockings.12 pair mitts.6 pair white gloves.1 pair Silver Shoe Buckles.1 p. neat sleeve buttons.6 handsome Egrettes different sorts6 yards Ribbon for Egrettes12 Yards Coarse Green Callimanco.

The satin capuchin, the height of ele-gance, was a hooded coat in which littleNellie must have felt very proud. Thatlittle Miss Custis, like the little girls of herday, wore stays is very evident from the

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order penned by her illustrious fosterfather. In the days before the Revolutionand in the post Revolutionary days, staymakers always included children's staysin their stocks.

Just as little boys today wear denimand khaki and corduroy, so were the cos-tumes every day for little boys made offirmer materials than those for the girls.The boys wore for best fine nankeen.Sometimes woolen materials were substi-tuted in winter.

Little boys of good families in old NewEngland, especially of the early days ofBoston town, were strictly brought upboth as to manner and refinement in dress.

Little girls of good families wore packthreads stays and stiffened "coats," whichwere really dresses. Wooden contraptionscalled "busks" were inserted in some ofthe coats to insure that the wearer alwaysremain in a stiff upright position. Thereare stories of little girls who wore har-nesses and were strapped to backboards inorder to get the bearing considered sonecessary for "a lady" in the early daysof our country. In fact, the daughter ofGeneral Nathanael Greene complained ofthe hours she spent as a child strappedto a backboard.The soft prettiness of the costumes in the

group of his family painted by John Single-ton Copley in the Revolutionary periodshows a gracefulness of children's clothes.The daughter Elizabeth in the Copleypainting wears a lovely frock of whitestriped gauze over a pink slip and witha wide sash tied in a knot and allowed tofall in a train, much in the style of theladies of that day.The inevitable net and muslin cap, if

quaint to our eyes, is very becoming tothe demure little miss. The little boy,John Singleton Copley, Jr., who later be-came Lord Lyndhurst, Lord Chancellorof England, wore a nankeen suit whichwould be too much like that worn by a girlto suit even the smallest boy of today.The lilac tinted sash would be the last

straw to any American boy. He mighthave taken pride, however, in the beaverhat blight with a gold band and bluefeather at the side which is on the floornear the feet of the grandfather, RichardClarke. The small baby held by the grand-father is dressed very much like John Sin-gleton Copley, Jr., but, after the fashion of

babies of that day, wears coral and bellson a lilac tinted sash.

Sashes seemed to be order of the dress.up clothes of the well dressed child ofthat age. Another child in this picturewears a white dress of fine material handembroidered and a flowing yellow sash asthe final touch.

Writers of the period following the Revo-lution tell of the habit of dressing smallboys in yellow flannel from head to footby night and day. Yellow flannel viedin popularity with nankeen for boys'clothes. That American philosopher andwriter, Ralph Waldo Emerson, who wasborn several years after the turn of thecentury, when the United States was youngand his brother William, children of theRev. Joseph Emerson, were swaddled inthe yellow flannel during their early years.It was not until they were about seven thatthey donned home-made trouser suits ofnankeen.The usual hat for small boys was a

three corner one very much like that wornby the continental soldiers. In fact, thereis no doubt that with the heroism of themen of the Continental Army before theireyes small boys of the early days of thenation liked wearing soldiers' hats.

In the early days of the Republic thefirst trousers of a small boy were often agarment of frills. A popular fashion wasto draw them in with "puckering stringsat the ankles." They may not have mindedthis fashion so much although the tunicsthey often wore with them resembled thedresses worn by mothers and sisters. Forwomen and girls wore molded to the figuretunic-like dresses with pantalettes, some ofthem very trouser like in spite of theirfrills. This was borrowed from the fash-ions in France at that period.

Mrs. John Jay had her picture taken withher children about 1800. The little boymust have been proud of his trousers, evi-dently of nankeen, cut in one with a tunicand coming well to his ankles but sansfrills or puckering strings. The only"frill" on this costume was a white lacecollar.The little girl in the painting wore a

soft material long dress very like Mrs.Jay's own with frilled off the shoulderneckline, above the elbow frilled sleevesand with a high waistline. The highwaisted fashion finished with a sash tied

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at the side or in the back was a fashion ofthe little girls of the new nation.A picture of a little boy strolling along

the streets of the new nation with hismother shows him with the long trousersfitting into gaiters and a tunic like cassockcoming to well below his knees, shortpuffed sleeves and a bib like yoke with ahigh stock collar finished with a ruff ofwhite material. His hat suggests what littlegirls would describe today as a turban.

It was quite natural that, after the Revo-lution, the trend of fashion should veertowards France, the native land of La-fayette. Therefore the high waisted empireor chemise gown was worn by women andlittle girls alike. But there was nothingmannish about these empire styles as theywere lace trimmed and handsomely em-bellished, of filmy material and often cutquite low. Some of the little girls, how-ever, had long sleeves and more demure

necklines than their mothers, their empireor chemise dresses.Even before this period the little girls

liked the high waisted dresses and someof them wore their dimpled shoulders verymuch revealed.A description of a little girl's costume

at a child's party in Boston reveals thatshe was dressed in a yellow coat whichwas really a dress, and wore a black biband apron, black feather on her head, mar-quisett and jet pins together with a silverplume, black collar, black mitts, stripedtucker and ruffles and silk shoes, a verymature combination of costume accessorieswhen viewed in this day.A girl of thirteen in old Virginia is

described as being dressed in a neat shellcalico gown, her light hair done with afeather, a much simpler style than that ofthe Boston young lady but still copied fromgrownup costumes.

Hay-Foot, Straw-Foot MenBY SARAH ELIZABETH WERT TAYLOR(Winner First Prize July Poetry Contest)

"We'll win this war," the patriots said,"No tyrant here shall ever tread.""This land is ours," we hear them say,As hay-foot, straw-foot, on their wayThey march in rags with muskets poorTo fight the red coats at their door.

The Hessians said "They're devils sureOr they this cold could not endure.They've something here we've never seen,"And many turned and joined unseenThe hay-foot, straw-foot, ragged menWho hid in forest, field, and glen.

Hay-foot, straw-foot were the shoes they woreTo drive a host from our loved shore.Hay-foot, straw-foot, it yet may be,If this fair land shall still be free.To God we then shall breathe this prayer,"Help us, dear Lord, to do our share."

Service and DefenseBY MRS. THOMAS BOYD, Chairman

Committee, Nat:onal Defense Through Patriotic Education

THE Office of Coordinator of Inter-Amer-ican Affairs, Department of Commerce,

turned to the National Defense office of theD. A. R. for assistance in supplying ma-terial requested by cablegram from SouthAmerica. Three separate packages con-taining articles on the Declaration of Inde-pendence, the Constitution, the Flag, andthe Government of the United States werewanted immediately by the Press Division.A Western Union messenger called for thisD. A. R. contribution to better understand-ing between the Americas.From our Hawaii chapters comes word

of the work done by this Committee priorto the attack on Pearl Harbor. In thirty-two schools on the islands of Maui, Molo-kai, and Tanai Good Citizenship Contestswere sponsored. The Aloha Chapter ofHonolulu held five minute speech contestson Patriotic Education with ten high schoolstudents competing. A large audience ofover five hundred was present, and sawcash awards of $10, $5, and $3 presentedfor the three outstanding speeches, andpaper weights with Constitution Hall oneach given to the ten contestants. Ninehundred magazines have been given to theSeamen's Institute, Girl Scouts and theTripler General Hospital on Oahu island.The State Chairman of Hawaii writes thatsince the attack it has been difficult to ob-tain word about the work of the chaptersbecause there has been no state meeting,and no state report due to the urgency ofother work.

Massachusetts has made the LoyaltyStamps a working part of its war work.Proceeds amounting to twenty-five dollarsfrom the sale of these stamps was donatedto the Mobile Blood Bank as a gift fromthose chapters that circulated them. Onechapter gave its proceeds of ten dollars toa Servicemen's Club. The Good Citizen-ship Pilgrims Clubs are now exhibiting thewindow display of the Massachusetts StateChairman of National Defense in severaltowns of that State.The Erasmus Perry Chapter of Mary-

land has presented two medals for Good

Citizenship to the colored High School atRockville, Maryland. A telephone callfrom the Ann Arundel Chapter put GoodCitizenship medals in the hands of a trav-eler by train so that they might arrive intime for presentation at graduation thatnight.Good Citizenship Medals for awards to

Junior and Senior High School graduates,ordered during the months of April andMay, numbered 870.The National Defense Chairman broad-

cast over KGKO in Dallas, Texas, on May27. She was guest speaker at a ProgramTea, given on Friday, May 29, by the JaneDouglas Chapter at Continental D. A. R.House in Fair Park. Other importantguests on this occasion were Miss MarionMullins, Organizing Secretary General;Mrs. E. S. Lammers, State Regent; and themembers of the Texas Board. The pro-gram was preceded by a luncheon for thespecial guests at the Dallas Country Club.

Mrs. Boyd broadcast over station WMALin Washington, D. C., on the Flag DayProgram of the Janet Montgomery Chapterof Maryland.

Support of D. A. R. Policies

TETTERS have been written to the Hon-orable Francis Biddle, Attorney Gen-

eral, United States Department of Justice,commending his compliance with the law,and his forthright statement of the facts ofthe case in issuing his deportation orderagainst Harry Bridges.

In compliance with a resolution of theFifty-first Continental Congress letters havebeen written to the Honorable RobertDoughton, Chairman United States Houseof Representatives Ways and Means Com-mittee, expressing opposition to inclusionin the new tax bill of any requirement formandatory joint income tax returns as ameans to the pyramiding of surtaxes to bepaid by a family.The National Defense Committee has

also written letters to the Honorable SamHobbs, United States House of Represent-

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atives, to the Honorable Frederick VanNuys, Chairman, United States SenateJudiciary Committee, and to HonorableErnest W. McFarland, Chairman, subcom-mittee considering the National Flag Codebill, passed by the House of Representa-tives on April 27 and referred to the Ju-diciary Committee, United States Senate.Commendation is registered in support ofamendments to the bill which were offeredby the United States Flag Association.Without these amendments the purpose ofthe bill, to have a uniform, national au-thority respecting all uses and customspertaining to the Flag, would not be ac-complished. All factors interested in thepassage of H. J. Res. 303 appear to agreeas to the wisdom of including the Pledge ofAllegiance ceremonial and the custom re-specting the display of the Flag from sun-rise to sunset.

D. A. R. War Projects

U S. SAVINGS BONDS is number one• D. A. R. project. The objective is to

have every chapter 100% participating inaccordance with the ability of its members,by everybody buying and reporting to theState Chairman of National Defense. Thepurchase of Savings Stamps is not to beoverlooked in the promotion of this pro-gram.

A BLOOD PLASMA FUND is to promote theextension of the Blood Plasma Program.Every chapter is asked to participate inthis project and make the raising of thisfund an immediate objective. With anavailable fund units may be purchased, orinstruments needed, also medical and sur-gical equipment, or new centers established.The object of the D. A. R. is to make moreblood available everywhere for the savingof the lives of our boys. The PresidentGeneral hopes every member will start thisfund with at least one dollar contribution.The Chapter Chairman of National Defensewill be able to tell of this marvelous pro-gram.

BUDDY BAGS are to be made for ServiceMen. Directions will reach you soon.These bags may be made, filled, and givenwherever the chapter or State finds oppor-tunity.

WAR SERVICE RECORDS are to be kept

for future generations. Few Daughtershave the Revolutionary War records oftheir Great Grandmothers because thoserecords were not kept. It is now asked thatDaughters have their credited hours ofservice in any branch of the war effortverified by their Chapter Regents, and thata file of vouched for individual servicerecords of 300 hours or more be kept bythe National Defense Office, forwardedthrough the State Chairman who will needthis record for her report.

Other Resolutions

FOREIGN LANGUAGE SCHOOLS exist inmany states. These schools are conductedentirely in a foreign language with thepurpose of keeping units of the mothercountry intact in the United States. Theyprevent the acceptance of responsibility toone's adopted land and are a handicap togood citizenship.

POLITICAL UNION is being sponsored bypowerful groups in the United States. Itis not just someone's ideal offered for whatit is worth. There is pressure and powerbehind it to make the U. S. one state in asuper-government to which all power overforeign policy, commerce, communications,currency, and citizenship is delegated; andto substitute a declaration of interdepend-ence for the Declaration of Independence;and to place the flag of a super-state abovethat of the Stars and Stripes.

THE COMMITTEE TO INVESTIGATE UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES is extended for thelife of the 77th Congress, or to January 1,1943.

THE FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATIONand the Intelligence Services of the Warand Navy Departments are to be permittedto tap wires for information which theybelieve necessary for the promotion of thesecurity of the U. S. The tragedy of PearlHarbor has convinced the Congress of theUnited States of the necessity for thisamendment to the Communications Act of1934. The bill has passed the House ofRepresentatives and is now before the Sen-ate Judiciary Committee.ABSENTEE VOTING is governed by state

laws. It is important that all possible ar-rangements be made for the exercise of thevoting privilege by men away from homein the service of their country.

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TEXT BOOKS remain of vital concern tothe American Way of Life. Know what isbeing taught in the schools and collegesand continue the fight against the Rugg

Social Science Text Books which throughTeachers' Guides and children's work booksdiscredit free-enterprise and promote a so-cialist regime.

-o•

July Activities of The President General

JULY

1. Luncheon and visit to the Citizens' Committee for the Army

Navy Second Region Council. New York City.

and

2. Conference with "Save the Children Federation." New York City.

3. Broadcast over Mutual Network.

4. Noon exercises at Eternal Light. New York City.

7. Luncheon to discuss plans Save the Children Pageant.

York City.

New

9. Meeting with Andrew Jackson Chapter Daughters of 1812. New

York City.

13. Washington. Conferences and compiling Fall Committees.

14. Washington. Indian Evening. War Service Room.

23. Luncheon Meeting. Buffalo. Both D. A. R. Chapters.

Supper with both Junior Groups.

24. D. A. R. Evening Meeting. Day at Chautauqua, N. Y. Guest

of President and Mrs. John Brown.

The Scene Changes at Ellis IslandBY MRS. DELOS W. THAYER

WHO has not thrilled at the sight ofManhattan's skyline from New York

Harbor and the ever inspiring Statue ofLiberty on Bedloe Island, overlooking thathistoric gateway to our beloved country!A gateway through which for more thanthree centuries immigrants from every for-eign country in the world have come seek-ing the protection and privileges of a freecountry.

Until recently there stood in BatteryPark an old circular building well knownto visitors as the Aquarium, but formerlyknown as Castle Garden, which was theport of entry into the United States from1855 to 1891. By the end of that periodimmigration had become so great that au-thorities began looking about for anothersite. About a mile from shore lay EllisIsland—so named for Samuel Ellis, afarmer who died in 1794. The site wasvery appropriately chosen and in 1892 thetransfer of immigration was made. A largeadministration building, an immigrant hos-pital and an isolation hospital were built.The Island covers an area of little morethan 27 acres and contains 35 buildings.One morning I arrived out of the traffic

of lower Broadway at Battery Park in timefor the 10 o'clock boat which was to conveyme to that well known port of entry. Thistrip was made in the interest of occupationalwork carried on there by the National So-ciety, Daughters of the American Revolu-tion for the benefit of aliens in detentionand patients of the Marine Hospital.Many have wondered what interest a

patriotic society such as the Daughters ofthe American Revolution could have inEllis Island—what possible connectionthere could be between this society ofAmerican women, proud of their lineageas descendants of those who served Amer-ica ip the making, and a port of deten-tion—the very name of which is a synonymfor immigration and alien citizenship.First of all, the society's activities in be-half of American principles and Americaninstitutions are many and varied. Its verykeynote is patriotic service, and it standsas a safeguard to American institutionsand ideals. Perhaps its most pronounced

effort has been made in support of an ade-quate national defense—for which it hasstood solidly throughout the years of itsexistence. It has made a notable contribu-tion to education; the marking of historicspots and recognition for patriotic service.It supports the best in Christian citizen-ship, yet is undenominational. It spon-sors sound legislation, yet is nonpolitical.It was organized by women, to include inits membership only those whose ancestorsserved America during the RevolutionaryWar. Such heritage is its badge of distinc-tion. But its activities have been keepingstep with the march of progress—with thetrend of events. In recent years, therefore,its activities have spread into many dif-ferent channels.Some years ago, in 1923, when immigra-

tion was at its very peak, conditions atEllis Island were deplorable. Crowds• ofdistressed aliens,, unable to enter our coun-try at its threshold, found themselves indetention at Ellis Island, either throughsome technicality of law, or because ofillegal entry. It may be stated in all fair-ness that detention has often been no faultof the alien himself. A false passport mayhave been secured through ignorance. Hemay have been the victim of some design-ing person who secured it for him at aprofit, or on the other hand, his papers mayhave been lost. Many things can happenthat bring about detention. Aliens hadbeen pouring into America at a fearfulrate for many years. I was told that dur-ing the period of excessive immigrationas many as 5,000 aliens passed through thestation in a single day. They were dis-appointed, depressed, often unruly andwere fast becoming a problem for Immi-gration authorities when the situation at-tracted the attention of the Daughters ofthe American Revolution. Could not some-thing be done for them during periodsof detention—periods that ranged any-where from a few days to many months?The Daughters sought means of assistingthem by giving them something to do. Per-mission to carry on occupational work wasgranted the society in 1923. A committeewas formed for the purpose of sending

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material to Ellis Island. An instructor wasemployed to teach the immigrant to makeuseful articles—to knit sweaters and makeclothing; to crochet, embroider, weaveand engage in many other forms of em-ployment. Clothing was much needed inmost cases and immigrants were permittedto take with them any finished article theyhad made.The following year-1924—Congress

acted in one of the most important of allActs of Congress when it lowered the muchtoo liberal flow of immigration and estab-lished—for the first time in the history ofour country—the quota system. Threehundred years after the Pilgrims landed alaw was established that no foreign coun-try could exceed its quota in sending emi-grants to our shores. As a result of thatlegislation fewer aliens have entered ourports and correspondingly fewer have beenin detention at Ellis Island. The occupa-tional work among immigrants which wasinaugurated on the eve of a new era in im-migration has become a beneficent phaseof activity of the Daughters of the Ameri-can Revolution. It is the only society thatsponsors occupational work at Ellis Island.The supplying of material and the givingof instructions in how to use that materialin order to become profitably employed isa purely humanitarian activity for whichthe alien has been rateful. It has enabledhim to keep a mental balance during an un-certain period of detention. In fact, theofficials were so pleased with the benefitsderived from occupational work among im-migrants that in 1934 they requested theSociety to extend its work to the MarineHospital.The Marine Hospital at Ellis Island

operates under the U. S. Public HealthService and the patients are chiefly our ownAmerican seamen, coast guards, and othersof our Merchant Marine. There are someofficers and seamen from foreign ships who,in case of illness, are granted the privilegeof hospitalization. This is a courtesy whichis extended to our own seamen in foreignports.

Occupational therapy, established in thatyear by the Daughters of the AmericanRevolution, constitutes today its major ac-tivity at Ellis Island. A large workshopwas opened on the main floor of the hos-pital building—a delightfully located roomoverlooking New York Harbor. Large and

small looms and other equipment are inuse by convalescents who come there dailyfor the needed mental and physical exer-cise and employment. The very nature ofthe illnesses to which they are subject callfor treatment of this kind. The medicalstaff has expressed its gratitude for thishumanitarian work, which is given onlyby prescription. Two graduate occupa-tional therapists employed by the societyhave regular weekly conferences with thedoctors in order that suitable exercise maybe given the patient. At the time of myvisit a blind man sat at one of the largelooms weaving a very beautiful rug. Iwas told that he had been gradually losinghis vision over a period of years. He hadbeen very disconsolate and would .sit in hisroom all day switching the lights off andon to find if there still remained a visibleray of light. After being finally persuadedto take up some form of employment hewas taught weaving, among other things,and afterwards made many useful andbeautiful articles, in which he manifesteda growing interest. There was also on dis-play a very artistic leather book cover madeby an Arabian lad of 12 or 14 years ofage. The boy had designed it himself andsmiled delightedly when we complimentedhis talents.But the establishment of occupational

work at Ellis Island for the benefit of im-migrants was a brave undertaking. It wasnot a popular thing to do. Because im-migration—which of course has no con-nection with the society—has always beensubject to criticism. Its members haveagain and again denounced immigrationin any form. Many of them looked re-sentfully at the money and effort spent eachyear for this work, all of which, they.pointed out, might have been added to itsscholarship fund, or used for the purposeof sending under-privileged children toschool or to summer camps or even theplacing of a memorial on the unmarkedgrave of a Revolutionary soldier. So itwas not an easy beginning. And after all,there was some ground for such prejudice.The fact that the gates had been left wideopen for so long to an unrestrained flow ofimmigration contributed to that prejudice.But few have viewed the matter log-

ically. In the first place, immigrants havealways been permitted to enter our coun-try—subject of course to laws of legal

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entry. It has always been a lawful func-tion of our Government to extend the privi-leges of a free land to those who seek it,and obey its laws. Immigration has neverceased to function since the days of thecolonists. The important fact about immi-gration is that our Government has controlof a situation that was for many years agrave problem.On the other hand, it was a broad-

minded, humanitarian gesture, a generousspirit of human interest that prompted theofficial board to take action in bringingabout occupational work at Ellis Island.And notwithstanding the prejudice—thelack of cooperation—that threatened itsearly days, the committee succeeded inestablishing a better understanding of itspurpose and the reward of gratitude bythose benefited by it. There is one con-structive thing that the tragedy of war mayaccomplish—a common interest in human-ity. There is always something big andbroad in the far-off vision of human needs.When we can look beyond our own horizonwe find there, too, the needs of others andthe opportunity to render aid whereverneeded.

Immigration was greatly influenced bythe war in Europe before our own coun-try entered the conflict. There were fewerimmigrants because there were no ships tobring them—so we went below our quota.The scene changed from immigrants to warrefugees. As war clouds spread from oneconquered country to another groups offrightened people, fleeing from their shat-tered homes abroad, crowded the station atEllis Island. There was a case of a Finnishfamily who fled from their home that hadbeen bombed. On the way over their boat

"O•

was torpedoed and all their possessionslost—including their passport papers, andas a result of their misfortune they foundthemselves facing an indefinite period atEllis Island. In most cases, however,refugees were permitted to go directly toNew York City. But they had to be bondedby someone and if their bondsmen failedto appear, or if there was something wrongwith their papers, they were forced to goto Ellis Island for detention.

These refugees represented a better classof people—those with a better background,than did the immigrant in normal times.The immigrant came to our shores foreconomic reasons; the war refugees wereforced to seek shelter in a country then atpeace with the world. They were a part ofthis changing scene. Also the crews offoreign ships which had been taken overby our Government were a part of thisscene. These men, with their families scat-tered over Europe, were unhappy victims ofcircumstances. The World's Fair also lefton hand a group of foreign born from al-most every foreign country. They are atEllis Island because there is no way of re-turning them due to the vicissitudes of war.The war clouds that spread rapidly overEurope and brought a change of scene toEllis Island have since reached our ownAmerica. A crisis in the history of immi-gration has become a crisis in the historyof human relations. The immigrant, therefugee, and the American alike are at thecross roads of destiny, facing a commonfoe. It has again become our respon-sibility to crush that foe. The freedom thatmade of America a great nation, thatlured the immigrant and the refugee toour shores must and will be preserved.

(NOTE—For the duration, the occupational work in the DetentionRooms at Ellis Island has been suspended and all efforts are directedto the occupational therapy in the hospitals where our own MerchantMarine seamen and Coast Guard are the occupants.

There are three instructors in attendance and the work with thepatients is carried on under the direction of the doctors.)

Ballads and Old SongsBy LETITIA S. SHROY

(Winning Story July D. A. R. Contest)

Member Flag House Chapter, Frankford, Penna.

110 attempt a definition of "Ballads" mayseem almost impossible, for any proper

definition involves so much for a clearunderstanding. The word is typicallyFrench but it has been used extensively inEnglish. Like many other English words,it may be used either loosely or strictly, inits broadest or most specialized sense. Tous, it means a narrative poem, adapted toeither singing or reciting, of unknownauthorship, and divided into stanzas.The "ballad" and "folk song" overlap

and it is somewhat difficult to distinguishbetween them, but "ballads" are "folksongs" in the broadest sense. People whosing "ballads" usually know them as "oldsongs." Old ballads were handed downorally and transmitted from a distant past.They thus underwent constant changes, andthis method continued even after the intro-duction of printing. As the best of themspring from native tradition, the ballad isof great interest to the student of folklore,and a large percentage of pieces current inAmerica are derived from Old Worldoriginals.

It may be considered remarkable that itwas not until English literature had reachedits highest development of refinement, thatrude ballad poetry of the people becamean object of interest to the learned. It wasAddison and other great English writerswho drew attention to the merits of theballad. There was no denying the roughexterior, but many excellent qualities werealso to be found. No historical value seemsto have been attached to them, and no efforthad been made to rescue them from oblivionuntil the time of Addison, the English poet,who lived in the 18th century.

America possesses a vast amount of liter-ature almost entirely unrecognized by thegeneral reading public, a literature that hasbeen passed on from generation to genera-tion, solely by word of mouth. From thevery beginning the folk have furnished richmaterial for the artist, but the larger por-tion of this earliest of all literary types re-mains unknown today, to a great extent.Most of the ballads are intended to be

sung, while a few tell a story much too long

to be sung. A minor portion are poems ofnarrative value. It is about impossible tobe sure how ballads began, and in the col-lection of American ballads, it is impos-sible to trace the manner in which songsfrom older times have come into being. Inspite of obstacles, there have come to usseveral sources of old ballads. Some wereknown and sung in England, Scotland andIreland before Columbus discovered Amer-ica. Others sprang up and gained popu-larity in the centuries following whenAmerica was being colonized. It was nat-ural that some of these ballads were broughtover to America with the early settlers,whose memories recalled the oral traditionsof their race. These traditions were pre-served in the isolation of their adoptedland. A text brought to some region ofour country, or if originated here, roamedto remote corners in the course of time.

It has been said that America has nonative songs of her own. America is over-flowing with native songs and has sungthem through every stage of her evolution,and is constantly creating new ones. Whilecirculation of these ballads was not as im-mediate as the popularization of songstoday by radio, they were spread verywidely throughout the thirteen colonies.From our earliest settlers in New Eng-

land and Virginia we have songs that re-main unchanged. The lonely times amidstthe mountains of Kentucky, Tennessee andthe Carolinas have produced samples ofone type of English ballads in America.The old English and Scottish ballads areknown to some extent in almost every state.These have been preserved somewhat betterthan in the lands where they originated.In Louisiana, we find a type, French in

origin, and very charming, but has grownand developed in this country.

In California, there is the Spanish type,that dates from the time of the SpanishMissions.Sometimes, well known hymns were

models. Original airs were retained fre-quently, but often the lyrics were sung to avariety of airs in different parts of thecountry.

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There is one particularly lovely thingabout ballads. They are marked as belong-ing to diverse regions. As with people, notwo are alike. These songs came to us fromunknown singers and their survival cameto us by way of many other singers in suc-ceeding generations. So, from the voicesof thousands of men and women, new songswere made, old songs• changed, songs werecarried from place to place, and almostforgotten songs were kept alive. The dailyhabits of speech of these people were thusrevealed, but the individual author is sounimportant that he is usually lost sight ofaltogether, and no ballad proper has anyknown author. It is oral and not literary.There is no authoritative text. In the spiritof this theory, the first line of a cowboysong runs as follows:

"My name is nothin' extry,So, that, I will not tell."

In addition to the Immigrant balladsthat first interested collectors, there havebeen gathered "logger or shanty boy" songsfrom Maine and Michigan, songs of pioneerconditions, mining songs of '49, the cow-boy songs of the plains and the TexasRangers. There are a great variety of songsof the backwoods, hunting cabins andlumber camps, and the songs of the soldierand sailor.A considerable number were carried

along by itinerant bands of singers andold time minstrel troupes. The traditionalsongs flourished best in out of the wayplaces, often sung to the music of the violin,accordion or mouthorgan, banjo or guitar.Singing long narrative ballads was one ofthe few available forms of entertaimnentand provided not only heart interest butoften was the means of passing along his-torical information.

With the increasing circulation of printedmatter, the introduction of the phonographand radio, the removal of old time isola-tion through railroads, automobiles andairplanes, the singing of old songs lessenedin popularity. Oral tradition is far fromextinct and it will probably never com-pletely die out from the human race; butthe singing of traditional songs plays alessened role today. The appeal of theseballads in their day must have been as greatas that of our own popular song hits, butunlike present-day songs, they did not fadeout with the passing season.

Since the publication of Cowboy Songsin 1911, the interest in American Balladryhas increased enormously and there havebeen literally hundreds of ballad booksadded to the Library of Congress in Wash-ington in recent years. So, much of thishuMan experience has been recorded.In the ballad quest it was found that a

ballad is not one text, but many. It existsonly in its variants. Collectors have pickedup stanzas from many states. To illustratehow some of these stanzas were secured, thefollowing explanation may be interesting.This refers to the Ballad of the Erie Canal.A collector received a single stanza of

the song from Schenectady, N. Y. Later aRio Grande cattleman sent another stanza.Still another came from Montana, and afourth came from a correspondent in Chi-cago. Sometime later, a Seattle lawyersent three additional stanzas with the re-frain. He explained that words and musicwere as he had sung them while workingas a towpath boy out of Buffalo, from 1871to 1877. Finally, an eighth stanza camefrom the Library of Allegheny College inPennsylvania. These eight stanzas camefrom six widely separated sources.As collectors continued the quest for

American Ballads, some have been foundto be good and others are silly. Thesepeople had no literary conventions to up-hold and they sought this form of diversionwhen sad or gay. Their songs had an abid-ing human interest, and so, many ballads,rough in phraseology, have won their wayto recognition.

Alongside of these story pieces, which isthe ballad proper, there is a great varietyof nonsense songs, temperance songs, re-ligious songs and the great musical expres-sion of the negro. It is almost impossibleto give an adequate account or list thevaried types of songs the negro sings. Itcannot fail to add to our marvelous heritageof song that we as a nation possess.In our ballads and old songs, we have,

in part, a composite photograph of theAmerican people, one nation with manycultures. American life is, therefore, moreinteresting, more progressive, and more re-sourceful than that of a country where asingle culture dominates.The voice of America sings,

"OUR COUNTRY'S GREAT, OUR COUNTRY'SYOUNG,

HER GREATEST SONGS ARE STILL UNSUNG."

Treasures of Our MuseumBY HELEN S. JOHNSON

COMMODORE JOSHUA BARNEY

THE current exhibit in the D. A. R.Museum is of portraits in miniature

and fans. It represents the Museum's owncollection of these charming objets d'art,and is especially full of interest.

Illustrated is our miniature by JeanBaptiste Isabey, considered by manyFrance's outstanding miniaturist. This isprobably the only miniature portrait inour collection painted outside of America.But the sitter is an American, even thoughhe did serve for awhile in the French navy.This is Commodore Joshua Barney of Bal-timore, sailor of fortune. Through thedeath of the master of a vessel on which heshipped as a youth, Barney, still in histeens, became captain. During his life heexperienced all the adventures of the sea,

had much to do with the building of theUnited States navy, and also was lionizedat the court of France, in which country hespent some time. Our miniature of theCommodore was used in a recent biographyby Hulbert Footner called Sailor of For-tune, reviewed in a recent issue of theNational Historical Magazine.The sailing ships on the ocean back-

ground in Isabey's miniature appear tofade into the mist. But the seaman's uni-form, inspired by a Breton costume, showsstrong reds, blues and gold.

Like most miniatures, it is painted onivory, which gives a realistic flesh tone. Oilpaint is rarely used in miniature painting.Water color and gouache are the usualmedia.

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Revolutionary Soldiers in HillsdaleCounty, MichiganBY VIVIAN LYON MOORE

AT first thought it seemed scarcely pos-sible that Hillsdale County, Michigan,

so far removed from the scenes of theRevolutionary War and a tangled wilder-ness for more than fifty years after itsclose, could have harbored any of thepatriots whose services won us our lib-erty. However, research carried on over aperiod of years has disclosed the namesof at least seven who are buried withinthe limits of the county; one who is buriedjust across the line in Jackson County; onewho died while away from home on a visitto his daughter; two who once lived inthe county but removed from it; and threemore whose records have come to light, butwhose graves cannot be located. Theseveterans had already covered the allottedspan of life but, like the patriarchs ofancient days, staunchly accompanied theirchildren over the weary trail westwardto brave hardships that would daunt muchyounger men, and to finish their days stillat the head of their families. Deeper pathoslies in the fact that their very names hadlong been forgotten, were not even men-tioned in any historical work on the county,and, while their sons rose to prominence,the greater honor due the fathers was un-recognized and unknown.

Feeling that we owe a debt to any andall, from the humblest to the highest inrank, who fought to establish our free-dom, I now offer this brief account ofHillsdale County's Revolutionary veterans,with the hope that it will be of value asa contribution to the history of this localityand as an aid to any who may be descendedfrom these worthy sires in establishing aright to the insignia of the Society ofthe Daughters of the American Revolution.

In the northern part of Somerset Town-ship, in Section 1, lies a large and fertilefarm still known as the "old Pratt farm,"though the original owners have been gonefrom it for eighty or more years. ThePratts were among the most influential andearliest settlers in that township, havingarrived from Somerset, Niagara County,

New York, in 1833. Heman Pratt andhis brother toiled down the old ChicagoRoad with their families and possessions,while, by their side, unfaltering thoughin his eighty-second year, journeyed theirfather, Edmund Pratt. The land on whichthey chose to locate was of the type thatgives the county its name, full of hillsand dales, and covered with a heavy growthof oak. Not far away was a small lake,notable for its crystal clearness. ThePratts found that but two or three familieshad preceded them into this part of thecounty, though by the end of 1833 therewere six besides themselves, situated at nogreat distance from one another. DavidHerrington, who had married the daughterof Edmund Pratt, was close by. Doubtlessthe members of this pioneer family exertedtheir influence toward giving the new town-ship the name of their New York home.Edmund Pratt, the sturdy father of the

adventurous clan, was born in Saybrook,Connecticut, October 11, 1751, the eighthchild of Isaac and Mary (Jones) Pratt.It is interesting to note in passing that hehad common ancestry, in a double line,with Benaiah Jones, another HillsdaleCounty Revolutionary patriot. When thecolonies rebelled against the tyranny of theMother Country, Edmund Pratt's sympa-thies were enlisted on the side of the op-pressed, and he enrolled in the town of hisbirth in April, 1776, under Captain ElijahScoville (or Scofield). He again joinedthe colonial troops in 1777, serving underColonel William Worthington in companiescommanded by Captains Starkey and Ship-man. In 1778, thinking perhaps that hewas more needed in the naval branch of theservice, he became a seaman on the frigate"Raleigh," John Barry commanding. Heperformed his part in the engagement withthe "Unicorn,' was taken prisoner, andwas held captive by the British until De-cember, 1778, when he was exchanged.Doubtless he was put on parole, as he didnot re-enter the service.

After the war he settled down to a

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domestic life, and was married at Tin-mouth, Vermont, to Sybil • Fitch, thedaughter of Joseph Trumble Fitch and hiswife, Jemima. To Edmund and Sybil Prattwere born eleven children, with two ofwhom they migrated to Michigan. Justwhen they moved to Somerset, New York,is not shown in the records at hand, butthey were living there in 1832 when Ed-mund was granted a government pension.Mr. Pratt was a school-teacher for f orty-six years before coming west.Heman Pratt, his son, became one of

the most prominent men in HillsdaleCounty. One has but to read over the earlyrecords to realize his standing in the com-munity. He was elected the first super-visor of his township in 1833 and wasreelected in 1836 and 1837. He filled theoffice of Justice of the Peace, a much moreimportant office then than now, in 1836,1837, and 1842. He was sent as delegateto the State Convention at Ann Arbor in1836. In 1845 he became Associate Judgeof the Circuit Court—one of the so-called"Side-Judges." The next year he servedas delegate in the Whig County Convention.In 1834 one of his daughters became thefirst teacher in Somerset, and the followingyear he himself taught, making the peda-gogical third generation in the family.Mr. Pratt set aside a portion of his farm

for a cemetery and here most of the earlysettlers of Somerset were interred. It wascalled the "Pratt Burying Ground" andcontained about sixty graves. Here un-questionably lies Edmund Pratt, who diedon November (April?) 12, 1842, full ofyears and good works. The tiny cemeteryis at present pasture and wood-lands andtherefore the exact site of the grave cannotbe found.

Journeying northwest to the "JohnsonCemetery," situated a mile or so fromJonesville on the Mosherville Road, wefind the grave of Daniel Couch, anotherpioneer whose service to his country hashitherto been unrecorded. He, his wifeSally, and their daughter-in-law, Mrs.Rachel (Stillman) Couch, all lie beneath atree which has increased in size till it halfconceals the headstones.The Couch family were prominent in

Fairfield County, Connecticut, in and aboutRedding. Daniel Couch was born there in1764. Being but a lad at the outbreak ofthe Revolution, he was unable to lend any

material aid to the colonists' cause untiltowards the end of the struggle. He did,however, absorb the ardor and enthusiasmof the times, especially from his fatherand grandfather, both of whom were activein that cause. We have here the unusualsituation of three generations serving theircountry in the same war. Daniel Couch,Sr., was a private in the 5th Regiment ofthe Connecticut Line, Northern Department,under Captain Zalmon Read; and EbenezerCouch, the grandfather, acted as Chair-man of the Committee of Observation andas a member of the committee to care forthe families of absent soldiers.When Daniel, Jr., passed his sixteenth

birthday—peace being still undeclared—he was at last able to do his bit. OnNew Year's Day, 1771, he enlisted at Red-ding under Captain David Starr and ColonelZebulon Butler, in the 4th Regiment, Con-necticut Line. He remained in service tothe very end of the war, and received hisdischarge January 1, 1784. Some yearslater he was married and still later re-moved to New York State, settling finally atMilton, where he was living in 1819. Hislife in the interim is not known to us, nordo we have the names of his children,with the exception of one, Uriah B., bornabout 1810, whom he accompanied toMichigan. Daniel Couch was a pensionerfor twenty-five years in recognition of hisservices in the war for independence. Heappears to have settled in Hillsdale Countyabout 1834. According to the United Statessurvey of the Monroe Land District, he en-tered land in the county prior to 1838, in-cluding 120 acres in Section 22 of Litch-field Township and a part of Section 23 ofScipio Township. Uriah Couch became alarge land-owner, his entries up to 1838including parts of Sections 19, 20, 21, 28,29, and 30 of Scipio Township, Section 13of Fayette Township, and Section 19 ofAdams Township. He filled various countyoffices from 1836 to 1845 and was the firstsheriff to be elected by the people of Hills-dale County.

Daniel and Sally Couch were vigorous toan advanced age, but the rough countryfinally broke their endurance. In 1844Daniel sold his land and on September 16,1846, he passed to his rest. Sally sur-vived him only a year and was laid byhis side. After the deaths of his parents,Uriah Couch left Michigan for points

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farther west and died in Smith Centre,Kansas, March 6, 1881.

In quite another part of Hillsdale Countylie the mortal remains of a third Revolu-tionary soldier. In the northwest cornerof Wheatland Township, Section 4, therestood a school-house, probably one of thefirst erected in this township. The build-ing was used also for religious purposesand many funerals were held under its roof.Burials were made across the road in Sec-tion 3. The group of pioneer graves isthere today, all of them over eighty yearsold, none of them marked, but, be it saidto the credit of the owner of the farm,still preserved from desecration. Amongthem is the grave of Peter Havens, Sr., whoserved as a private in New York Regimentsfrom June, 1779, to June 7, 1783, underLieutenant Henry Dodge, Captain HenryVanderburgh, and Colonels Lewis Duboisand Philip Van Courtland. He enlistednear Otsego Lake, New York, and partici-pated in the battles of Newton and York-town.

Peter Havens, Sr., was born on April 14,1762, in New York State, and by 1818was living in Sempronius. The name ofhis wife, to whom he was married in 1784,was Sarah Sadman, and the pair became theparents of ten children. One of their sons,Daniel, served in the War of 1812 and"Died Att Fort George." While living inSempronius, Peter Havens applied for andwas allowed a pension, and the recordstates that in 1829 he was a widower livingwith his son in Crawford County, Penn-sylvania. This would appear to be errone-ous, for the Family Bible gives the dateof Mrs. Havens' death as 1835.

Peters Havens, Jr., the son and youngestchild, about 1835 yielded to the pioneerurge and came to Hillsdale County fromCayuga County, New York. A man by thename of Webster gave him employment.From him Peter earned by his laborseighty acres of land in Somerset Township.He then returned to New York where hiswife and little children were waiting forhim. Following the birth of his sixth childin 1837, he brought his family, includinghis father, to the new home in the wilds ofa new state.The death of Peter Havens, Sr., "The

Head of this Family," as the Family Biblecalls him, in 1841 prevented his witnessing

much of the growth of the county, but hisdescendants yet resident on the homesteadperpetuate his name in the county annals.Very numerous around Hingham and

Boston, Massachusetts, was the Bates family.In the latter city in 1763 was born CalebBates, the son of Benjamin and Huldah(Cudworth) Bates. Having been rearedin a hot-bed of anti-British sentiment, andhaving watched his father march away inCaptain Benjamin Bonney's Company ofColonel Ezra May's Regiment in 1777,young Caleb early espoused the cause ofliberty. At the age of sixteen he enlisted asa private in the 4th Massachusetts Regi-ment, commanded by Colonel WilliamShepard. After peace was restored histhoughts turned elsewhere, and on Christ-mas day, 1786, he was married to MaryWilbur at Chesterfield, Massachusetts. Tothem were born nine children, the oldest,Mary (or Polly) , being the strongest womanin the locality. It was said that she couldlift a barrel of molasses with ease. Joshua,the fourth child, was a great hunter and atthe age of fifteen he killed sixteen bears inone winter.In 1809 Benjamin and Caleb, with their

two families making a veritable caravan,journeyed by horse-team from Massachu-setts to Ohio. There, in the town of Leroy,Benjamin Bates passed from this life. Calebsettled in Perry, Lake County, Ohio, inan almost unbroken wilderness. Here hecleared a farm. His Huron County farm,still farther west, he sold for three hundredaxes. These he stored in a log shantywhich later burned to the ground, destroy-ing every axe.Time passed and rumors of the richness

of Michigan began to reach his ears. Sincetwo even earlier settlers in Hillsdale County,Benaiah Jones and Daniel Olds, came fromLake County (Mr. Olds from Perry, thesame town) , it is interesting to speculateupon the acquaintanceship of these threeand the possible moving influence exertedby Mr. Jones and Mr. Olds. Be that asit may, in 1834 Caleb Bates, Jr., came toHillsdale County and took up land in Hills-dale Township. In February the entirefamily came up from Ohio, bringing withthem six oxen, three cows, and three horses.Horatio, the eldest son of Caleb, Jr., withintwo weeks of their arrival, trapped sevenwolves on what was henceforth called"Wolf Point" in Baw Beese Lake.

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Caleb, Sr., "Grandfather Bates," wasidentified with early Hillsdale for about tenyears and then became the victim of thecounty's first fatal accident. On April 29,1845, he was killed by a train of cars whichbacked over him.

Another Revolutionary veteran whomfortune carried into this county was JohnSeaman, a native of New York State, theson of a personal friend of Washington, andpresumably a deicendant of the CaptainJohn Seaman who was a resident of LongIsland at an early day. Young John, bornin 1762 (or 1765) , carried messages forGeneral Washington during Howe 's inva-sion of New York City in 1776-77. He alsoreplenished Washington's larder manytimes when roasted kernels composed thecommissary supply. He served as a privatein the 6th Regiment of Dutchess CountyMilitia. In his later years he stated thathis most lasting impression of our firstpresident was his long, white hair. JohnSeaman had two brothers, Caleb andElijah( ? ) , who served in the Revolutionunder General Washington. One or both ofthem accompanied the General to Virginiaafter the war and were never heard fromagain, though they are thought to havesettled at Harper's Ferry.

John Seaman's son had twin boys, andat their birth in 1834 he, John, requestedthat they be named George Washington andJames Warren in memory of the grand-father's friendship with these famousleaders. The story goes that this son re-fused to name any of his sons "John", be-cause of the long line of Johns which hadpreceded him.On January 29, 1791, John Seaman, Sr.,

was married to Rebecca Knapp, and to themeight children were born. At least two ofthese children came to Michigan—John andJonah—and the descendants of both arenow living in Hillsdale County. John,Sr., spent his declining years with his son,Jonah, on a farm 41/2 miles south and1/2 mile west of the city of Hillsdale. Heis buried in an unmarked grave in the smallDow Cemetery on the Wayne Highway.Probably the first Revolutionary veteran

to settle within the limits of HillsdaleCounty was Daniel Olds, a native of Ash-ford, Connecticut. He was the son of JamesOuld, also a Revolutionary soldier, whomarched on the Lexington Alarm in 1775.Daniel Olds served as a private in 1776 and

1777 under Colonels Ward and Ely, andCaptains Dana and Keyes. In 1778 and1779 he served as Sergeant under ColonelsMcClelland and Ledyard and Captains Hilland Whetmore. He was a participant inthe battles of White Plains, Trenton, Prince-ton, and in Spencer's Expedition to RhodeIsland. He was pensioned in 1832, andthe pension was transferred to his widowin 1845. In 1780 he removed to Peru,Massachusetts, where his nine childrenwere born, and in 1812 to Painesville,Ohio. Eventually he kept a tavern atPerry, near by.

In 1828, Daniel's son-in-law, BenaiahJones III, migrated to the embryonic Hills-dale County, which at that time boastedof but a single family, and there laid thefoundations of the village of Jonesville.In 1830 James Olds, son of Daniel, joinedforces with his brother-in-law, and thenext year the parents also arrived to sharein the fortunes of the new country. JamesOlds platted the Olds Addition to the villageof Jonesville, became its second postmaster,and was made the first Register of Deedsin the County.

Daniel Olds lived to see the stream ofmigration pouring through Jonesville onthe old Chicago Road, and was gathered tohis fathers on September 16, 1836. Hiswife survived him eighteen years and wasgiven a place in the household of her sonduring that period. Her maiden name wasLois Stanley and she was the daughter ofJeremiah Stanley and Abigail Ward. Mr.and Mrs. Old both lie in the sightly Jones-ville Cemetery.

Closely connected with Daniel Olds byties of marriage and friendship was theJones family of Jonesville, referred toabove, which furnished another Revolu-tionary patriot to the county. BenaiahJones II was a native of Hebron, Con-necticut, and one of a large family ofbrothers and sisters, children of BenaiahJones I and Experience Northam. At thetime of the Revolutionary war, BenaiahII was enrolled in Captain David Miller'sCompany of the 12th Connecticut Regiment,commanded by Colonel Obadiah Hosford.It has been asserted that he later servedas guard to General Washington, but noproof of this has come to light. Hiswife, Jemima Skinner, is also credited with"heroic service" during the war, but thenature of the service is not stated.

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When the end of the Revolution was insight, Benaiah's mind turned to the morepersonal matter of establishing a home.The new "Becket Road" was attractingsettlers to the "Johnny-cake Hill" regionin what is now Middlefield, Massachusetts,and many considerations led Benaiah tqjoin the Hebron contingent at Middlefieldand to buy the farm known as the "GrangerPlace." Hither he brought his 'bride,Jemima Skinner. Mr. Jones took an activepart in nearly all civic matters in Middle-field, but after a number of years removedto Hinsdale, Massachusetts. Later, havinginvestigated a movement toward "the Ohio,"or New Connecticut, he and his familyfollowed in its footsteps and in 1808 oncemore entered upon the business of pioneer-ing. This time their home was in the newlylaid-out village of Painesville, named forGeneral Edward Paine, who was a rela-tive by marriage of the Joneses.Jemima Jones passed from this life in

1820, and from then on "Grandpa Jones"lived only in his children and grand-children. To them he was ever an object oftender solicitude and care. He seems tohave been of exceptionally sweet dispositionand was passionately fond of children.The seventh child of Benaiah and Jemima

Jones was Benaiah III, who married LoisOlds, daughter of Daniel Olds, and whowas the founder of the village of Jonesville,Hillsdale•County. Between 1829 and 1833,no less than eight of his sisters, brothers,and brothers-in-law, as well as his father-in-law, took up their abode in the infantvillage, and a little later his own agedfather, Benaiah Jones II, came to completethe group. There Benaiah II died on Au-gust 19, 1839, "it being a sickly season."He is buried in the Jonesville Cemetery,near his friend and neighbor, Daniel Olds.The name of Benaiah Jones appears on theJones monument in the cemetery at Paines-ville, Ohio, and in the book entitled "Revo-lutionary Soldiers Buried in Ohio," butboth of these are in error. The actualburial place of this veteran is in Jones-ville.Going now into Allen Township and into

the small South Allen cemetery, we finda headstone bearing the following legend:

"The veteran soldier resting hereLived during Washington's career,And served his country well."

The name is Samuel Dewey and he died onFebruary 7, 1854, at the great age ofninety-two years. His was a long and color-ful life, at times bordering on the pic-turesque. He was born at Great Barring-ton, Massachusetts, in March, 1763, and issaid to have been of Welsh descent. Hisparentage has not been ascertained withcertainty, but there is a possibility that hisfather was either Samuel (born 1737) orJohn (born 1740) Dewey of the familywho came into Great Barrington fromWestfield, Massachusetts. If this be true.,he was of common ancestry with the famousAdmiral Dewey.

It is always amazing to contemplate theextreme youth of many of our Revolution-ary patriots. Samuel .Dewey was one ofthe mere lads who performed men's jobsfor their country. One week before thebattle of Bennington, he enlisted in ColonelHerrick's Vermont Regiment as a team-ster, was at the battle, and was dis-charged after two or three months' service.The Vermont rolls list him as a sergeantduring this period. Removing into NewYork, he reenlisted, this time as a privatein Captain Abiel Sherwood's Companyunder Colonels Livingstone and Dubois.He was taken prisoner at the surrender ofFort Sherwood and carried to Quebec.His pension record says that this was inApril, 1779; but, as the battle of Fort Ann(earlier Fort Sherwood) took place in 1777,there is an unexplained discrepancy. FromQuebec he was taken by Sir John Johnsonof the British forces and kept a prisoneramong the Indians until the autumn of1783, when he was exchanged. He anda companion made their way back to civili-zation and their homes on foot. Since thewar had then come to an end, Samuel didnot reenlist, nor did he receive any dis-charge papers. For this reason he ex-perienced difficulty in establishing hisclaim, when he applied for a pension inhis later years; but through influentialfriends in Congress a special bill waspassed, restoring his American citizenshipand granting his pension.His war adventures behind him, Samuel

settled down in his home at Westfield,New York, and remained there till 1794.Forgetting the romance he had had with anIndian maid during his Canadian captivity,he was three times married and became thefather of fourteen children. His third

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wife was Sally Ingraham, a native of NewHartford, Connecticut; his first wife wasSusan, surname unknown; and his secondwife's name has not been found. Mr.Dewey changed his residence from time totime, living for six months in Vermont,then in Eaton, New York, Arcadia, NewYork, Medina, Michigan, and Newark, NewYork. In 1851, though he was eighty-eight years of age, he took the twentyyears' back pension which had been paidhim by the government, and, with it as anest-egg, came to Michigan, accompaniedby his three youngest children. He settledin Hillsdale County, west of the village ofHillsdale. Here he was well cared for byhis daughter, Belinda (Dewey) Lombard.He died, as above noted, in 1854. In hiswill he bequeathed his entire estate toBelinda, with the exception of fifty cents!The name of Jonathan Sampson comes

next on the list. He was of distinguishedancestry and his family is widely known;but, strangely enough, more is known aboutthe family than about the soldier himself.Being the brother of the noted DeborahSampson, and a descendant from GovernorBradford, Captain Miles Standish, and JohnAlden, he was perhaps overshadowed byhis more spectacular relatives. He wasborn in the middle of the eighteenth cen-tury, presumably in Plympton, Massachu-setts, and was the son of Jonathan andDeborah (Bradford) Sampson. During thewar he served the colonists' cause as aMinute Man. It is just possible that hispatriotism helped to inspire his sister tothe remarkable exploits for which she re-ceived the personal thanks of GeneralWashington and Congress. The tale of howshe assumed male garb, enlisted, fought,won promotion, and was wounded beforeher sex was discovered is well known, andhas been cherished among the progenyof her brother as well as among her own..Her picture was one of the prized posses-sions of a grand-niece who was said toresemble her closely, and it still hangs inthe home of a more distant niece in Sagi-naw, Michigan.The records do not show just when

Jonathan Sampson came into Michigan andthey lack dates and other desirable items.His great-granddaughter, Mrs. Shaw, en-deavored to obtain the data through exten-sive correspondence and other means, butwas unsuccessful. We do know that he

lived in Hillsdale County and probablydied there, but his grave has not beenlocated.

In a company of several families whocame from Mexico, New York, into CamdenTownship in the early thirties, were LebbeusLarrabee and wife, and their only son.Lebbeus was the son of Timothy and Abigail(Wood) Larrabee of Windham, Connecti-cut, and was born there on October 15,1765 (Town Records) or on October 11,1766 (Pension Record) . Windham wasan intensely patriotic center during theRevolution. Among the hot-headed mem-bers of the town's Sons of Liberty wasTimothy Larrabee, a prominent lawyer.He was one of the group who forciblyexpelled from Windham and Norwich Mr.Francis Green, one of the "addressers" andadherents of Governor Hutchinson. Mr.Green described the ejectment as "an as-sault by five ruffians," but the patriotjournals praised it as "the cool, deliberateremonstrance of the Sons of Freedom."Timothy Larrabee was also one of themen of high character and position whowere appointed a committee by the Sonsof Liberty to "visit and deal with Rev.Samuel Peters of Hebron," a troublesomeTory. They did so and compelled him tosign and read aloud to the crowd a declara-tion and humble confession "to the intentthat he repented his past misdeeds andwould give them no further cause of com-plaint." Mr. Larrabee met another needof the colonists by learning to make salt-peter and proposing to manufacture gun-powder for them.Lebbeus, having been reared in such an

atmosphere, naturally enlisted as soon as hewas old enough to be of service. In 1781,at the age of fifteen, he was sergeant inthe Connecticut troops, under Captain Ben-jamin Cargill. On April 1, 1782, he wasappointed Quartermaster in Captain Bra-nard's Company, under Colonel JamesMcCallan.

After the war he remained at Windhamand there married two wives. The firstone, Lucy Fitch, a descendant from Gov-ernor William Bradford, was the daughterof Colonel Eleazer Fitch, one of the mostprominent citizens of Windham. ColonelFitch had been "the idol of his generation,"but had felt that he could not conscien-tiously rebel against his king, and there-fore became the victim of a town-wide

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boycott and "lived in isolation and loneli-ness, lacking the common comforts of life."Out of this loyalist home into that of therabidly patriotic Larrabee family cameseventeen-year-old Lucy. She died thenext year in giving birth to twin daughters.For ten years Mr. Larrabee lived a

widower; but in 1799 he married Mary (orMarcy) Webb, likewise a descendant fromGovernor Bradford. In contrast to the firstwife of Lebbeus, Mary Webb came of astaunchly patriotic family. Her father wasCaptain Nathaniel Webb, who commandeda company in the 4th Connecticut Regi-ment under Colonel John Durkee in 1779.Her mother was Zeruiah Abbe, daughterof "King" Abbe, who founded the "Abbe-ite" sect of Baptists. Timothy, son ofLebbeus and Mary Larrabee, was born inWindham and received his education atWest Point. There seem to be no records ofother children. The family migratedeventually into Michigan, via New York.After living for some years in HillsdaleCounty, they removed into Branch County,near Union City. Lebbeus Larrabee diedon August 4, 1842, and undoubtedly isburied in Branch County, but his grave hasnot been found in either county. Mary diedin 1849, probably also in Branch County,and may be found to lie next to her hus-band, if the graves are ever located.An ardent Revolutionary patriot who

lived in Hillsdale County for some fouror five years was Willard Church. He wasa son of Jonathan Church and AbigailCady, and a member of the family forwhom Church's Corners, Hillsdale County,was named. Willard was born in Mans-field, Connecticut, September 7, 1758. Atthe age of seventeen he enlisted at hisbirthplace under Captain John Keyes andColonel Durkee, serving until January,1777, when he was discharged in Penn-sylvania, opposite Trenton. Within fourmonths he had reenlisted for three yearsunder Captain Throop and received hissecond discharge at Springfield, New Jersey,on May 12, 1780. He participated in thestorming of Stony Point on the Hudson.After his second discharge he joined theprivateer brig, "Deane," and was capturedalmost immediately, sent to New York, andconfined on the prison-ship, "Jersey." He"took the fever," but recovered and wasplaced on a hospital-ship on graveyarddetail, the duty of which was to bury the

dead each day. For this service he wasgiven a daily pint of porter. In 1790 hecame to Burlington, New York, where hemet his future wife at a ball in Church'sInn. He was thirty-seven and she but six-teen, a tall, commanding girl with dark hairand brilliant black eyes. Her name wasSarah Davis. They were married atUnadilla, New York, in June, 1795, andto them were born two daughters and sevensons. During the War of 1812, WillardChurch was siezed by a detachment ofBritish troops, who demanded certain in-formation from him. He refused to dis-close it and was released.

Mrs. Church died in 1841 and Mr. Churchcame to Hillsdale County to live with hisdaughter, Huldah. In the late summer of1846 he went to Holly, Michigan, on a visitat the home of his other daughter, and theredied September 17, 1846. Presumably heis buried there, also, as his grave has notbeen found at Church's Corners. In hisearlier years, he was a strict Presby-terian, keeping Saturday night as faithfullyas a Hebrew keeps Friday night; but inhis old age he became a skeptic and astrong opponent of all religion. He wasgranted a government pension of $96.00 perannum—a generous sum, as Revolutionarypensions went—in 1818. This grant waslater revoked on the ground that he wasnot needy and therefore did not require it.Still another pensioner from HillsdaleCounty was Jehiel Wisner, the son ofThomas Wisner and — Winters and ofSwiss ancestry. He was born at Warwick,Orange County, New York, June 16, 1762.His three wives, in the order of marriage,were Rachel —, Sarah Ann Wiggins, andSusannah Chandler. Mr. Wisner was aBaptist minister, recognized as one ofthe leading evangelists of his time. Ap-parently he came to Hillsdale County about1838, for on December 3 of that year hispension, which had been granted in NewYork State, was renewed here. His affi-davit was notarized by Heman Pratt, men-tioned earlier in this article. Jehiel Wisnerdied in 1839 and is buried on the Wisnerfarm in Lenawee County, Michigan.Many a newly widowed veteran sought

a new home among his children in the"West," relying on fresh interests andunfamiliar surroundings to deaden the painof bereavement. Such a one was Verlina(or Velnna) Hoisington, who came to

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Hillsdale County about 1840. He was anative of Farmington, Connecticut, the sonof Major Joab Hoisington and Mary Board-man, and was born in 1764 or 1765. Thefather, Major Joab, was a man of parts inpioneer Vermont, though he had been bornin Southington, Connecticut, on September19, 1736. After serving in the French andIndian War, he and two other men selectedthe site of Windsor, Vermont, for a town,and he removed thither in 1764. He leftWindsor in 1772 to build the first housewhere Woodstock, Vermont, now stands.From that log house the town has grown.He served as its first Town Clerk, and asOverseer of the Poor, Assessor, Commis-sioner of Highways, and Town Treasurer.He represented Woodstock in the first Ver-mont Convention in 1774. On September20, 1776, he was appointed (by unanimousconsent in Cumberland County) Major inthe Vermont Rangers. Finding his men insore need of food and clothing, he rode onhorseback to Fishkill, New York, in Decem-ber, 1776, to obtain settlement for hisRegiment from the Committee of Safety.Having rejoined his troops, he was strickenwith smallpox and died in camp near New-bury, Vermont, on February 28, 1777.

Inspired by the father's illustrious ex-ample young Verlina enlisted as a private inthe Vermont militia, hoping to do his bitto carry on the family record of service tothe country. After the war was ended, hemarried Hannah Green of Woodstock, andto them thirteen children were born. Ofthese, several came to Michigan, settling inWashtenaw, Lenawee, and Hillsdale Coun-ties. Verlina followed them to the last-named locality and seems to have lived withhis daughter Lucy. He died in SomersetTownship, April 10, 1846, and his estatewas probated on December 3 of that year.

• For his military service he was pensionedon March 4, 1831, in Wayne County, NewYork.One more Revolutionary veteran was

more or less identified with HillsdaleCounty, though he seems to have lived apart of the time across the line in JacksonCounty. This was David Haynes, whoseson was an early settler in Somerset Town-ship, at a place called Haynes' Corners.Jonathan Haynes, the son, was one of themost active and influential men in thecommunity. David Haynes, son of Bar-tholomew Haynes, was born in Paxton,

Pennsylvania, in 1762 and enlisted at theage of fifteen in Captain John Chatham'sCompany of Pennsylvania Militia. Hayneswas familiar with the woods of that sectionand piloted troops through them in sortiesagainst the Indians. The next year (June,1778) he enlisted as a Ranger and Indianspy under Colonel James Murray andserved in that capacity until January, 1781,with only three months' furlough during theentire time. In October, 1781, he reen-listed, this time as a substitute in Captain'Bradley's Company of Pennsylvania Militiaunder Colonel George Ross, served onemonth, and received his discharge.For several years he made Pennsylvania

his home and in 1790, in NorthumberlandCounty, he married Margaret Ewart, bywhom he had ten children. Like manyother families, they followed the march ofcivilization westward by way of New York,living for awhile at Dansville. They finallycame to a halt in Michigan, where Daviddied at the home of his son in Somerset,on April 2, 1844. He was buried in thesmall Jefferson Cemetery, Jackson County,in an unmarked grave.When Ann Gridley Chapter, D.A.R.,

was organized in Hillsdale, its first officialact was the placing of a Revolutionarysoldier's marker upon the grave of CalebBates in Lakeview Cemetery, Hillsdale.Since that time, similar markers have beenplaced by the chapter on the graves ofDaniel Couch, Peter Havens, Benaiah Jones,Samuel Dewey, John Seaman, and DanielOlds. A government headstone was alsosecured for the Olds grave, and a Daughterof a Revolutionary Soldier's marker forthe daughter of Daniel Olds, Lois (Olds)Jones. The grave of David Haynes wasmarked with a government headstone and aRevolutionary Soldier's marker by SarahTreat Prudden Chapter of Jackson on Octo-ber 16, 1935. The grave of Jehiel Wisnerwas marked by the Lucy Wolcott BarnumChapter of Adrian. If, and when, thegraves of the remaining soldiers are located,they will be marked in a like manner.

These fourteen men, then, are the patriotsof Hillsdale County whom indifference orignorance or both had consigned to obli-vion. Since the county historians passedthem by, shall not we of a later generationmake the atonement that is within ourpower and see that their names are hence-forth remembered among us.

The Village of the Iron-MasterBY CARLOS M. MISHLER

NEAR the Great House of iron-masterMark Bird in Hopewell, Pennsylvania,

was his iron furnace. Roundabout were thetenant houses of his workers and their gar-dens and farms. A common store to supplyevery daily need of the community, a black-smith shop and a school-house were clus-tered with the dwellings on the banks ofFrench Creek, somewhat in semblance ofa feudal manor, directed by the lord of thesettlement.For over a century, including the time of

the Revolution, the Hopewell iron furnaceturned out stoves decorated with tulips,hearts and Biblical figures, as well as ironpots and kettles for the kitchen. Its namebecame a familiar one to households ofAmerica. With other furnaces of theSchuylkill Valley, it was a forerunner ofthe gargantuan iron and steel business ofPennsylvania today.

Bird Served the Revolution

Mark Bird rendered great service to hiscountry during the Revolutionary War.At his own expense, he fitted out threehundred men in a battalion from his countyand supplied food. By doing so, he randeeply in debt, then sought partial reim-bursement from the government but was un-successful. Other misfortunes came, thefurnace was sold at sheriff's sale, and themaster moved to the South, where he diedin poverty. The furnace continued until1883, when the making of cold-blast char-coal iron ceased to be profitable.

Recognizing its historical significance,restoration of the village of Hopewell, toits colonial-day aspect, has been undertakenby the United States Department of the In-

terior. For three years, work has pro-ceeded, but with caution, as all changes arebased on research facts.In time, water will splash over the old

wooden water-wheel, spinning and weavingof homespun and quilting of colorful patch-work spreads will occupy the little old stonetenant houses. Corn muffins, for which thevillage was famous, and tea, will be servedin the Great House. The spring-house,with its cold clear water, which was usedfor storing milk and churning butter; thesmoke-house where once hung rows ofsmoked sausage; the blacksmith shop withits hand-bellows and glowing fire; box-wood hedges, a raspberry patch and appleorchard, will make up the setting of theliving museum on French Creek.

Hopewell National Historic Site

Hopewell Village is a National HistoricSite and is a part of the six-thousand-acreFrench Creek Recreational Area, under thedirection of the National Park Service. In-cluded are two picnic areas, one on Six-penny Creek and the other on BaptismCreek. There are twenty miles of trailswith picturesque names, such as "BuzzardTrail' and "Boone Trail." One trail fol-lows the old mill race from Baptism Creektt the water-wheel, furnishing power forthe blast at Hopewell Furnace. The entirearea is a game refuge. Foxes, squirrels,rabbits and raccoons are common, and oc-casionally deer are seen.

There is no state or U. S. route numberon the approach road to Hopewell. It istwelve miles from Reading, Pennsylvania,and five miles from Birdsboro, the post-office address of the National Park Service.

Shooting StarsBY LUCY A. K. ADEE

The myriads of shooting starsThat fall and disappear,Make fields of golden buttercupsCome up every year—

And all the little shining bitsThat leave a trailing spark,Are fastened onto firefliesTo light them in the dark.

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I)etween YourLAFAYETTE AND THE CLOSE OF THE AMERI-CAN REVOLUTION, by Louis Gottschalk,published by the University of ChicagoPress.

This is the third volume in an extendedLafayette biography by the erudite Mr.Gottschalk. It covers four years-1779 to1783, a fairly breathless period in La-fayette's rather breathless career. It pre-sents an assortment of the most trying mo-ments in the Revolutionary effort. And itpresents them with flowing detail.A biographer who can have such faith

in the magnitude of his subject as to pre-sent it at such length must have located adeep reason for his faith. Gottschalk terselypresents his conviction for Lafayette in hispreface:"No other person played so varied a role

as Lafayette in the events which broughtthe American Revolutionary War to a close.Washington and perhaps some others weremore important as soldiers. Franklin andperhaps some others were more importantas diplomats. But Washington was a sol-dier only in America, while Lafayette cam-paigned in America, France and Spain;and Franklin was a diplomat only inFrance, while Lafayette carried on negotia-tions in Spain as well . . ."Mr. Gottschalk bustles through several

more sentences, giving specific examples ofLafayette's contributions to American vic-tory. He convinces.

It's interesting to note that he entitles thisvolume and the two that preceded it, "Themaking of a liberal." It's a very Americanmaking—a topical treatise, for these veryAmerican times.The extension of four years in any man's

life over one volume would seem to suggesta scope of limited interest to all savescholars, or those holding a special brieffor the gentleman in question. However,Mr. Gottschalk's learned interpretation ofdetailed events raises them above the merelevel of recorded research. The author hasa gift for narrative that makes the slightestdetails seem important and interesting.We regret that we did not read the two

preceding volumes and cannot, therefore,view Lafayette, as presented by Gottschalk,whole. However, even here it may be said

I IPI I)ook Ends

in the author's favor that the abrupt inser-tion of the reader into the middle of La-fayette's story leaves a clear picture ofLafayette, of Gottschalk's conception ofhim.

His picture of the energetic Lafayette isenergetically presented. The endless, tire-less missions of the young Marquis arevigorously accented. We are presented theyouthful French wonder at his dauntlessescapades. When no escapade appearedsufficiently imminent, we are given a fret-ting Frenchman writing volumes of lettersin an effort to assist or provide one.

It's all good, true and occasionally excit-ing. The chapter outlining Arnold's vil-lainy is vividly imprinted. Washingtonstalks, stately, through the narrative, bend-ing, just a little in his affection for hisyoung French benefactor.The part Lafayette played in American

victory is not underestimated, but neitheris its delineator carried away. One canrely on a historian of Mr. Gottschalk'sstature.

NOTABLE WOMEN OF PENNSYLVANIA, editedby Gertrude B. Biddle and Sarah D.Lowrie. Published by the University ofPennsylvania Press.

The fascination this volume exercises isfairly amazing. It is, as its title indicates,a collection of biographies. They are tersebiographies. The longest of them coverstwo pages. Only a masterful writer can doa sufficient biography in a few paragraphs,and none of the miscellaneous authors whocompose this volume may be called master-ful. Some may be called downright incom-petent. But, even if you have never putfoot in Pennsylvania in your life, you'revery apt to keep dipping into the book tillyou've finished it.There is, of course, a certain attraction

about any list of "best" or "great" arbitra-rily selected. One rather relishes the op-portunity of a good mental row with theselector's choices.

Here one is presented with a list of famedPennsylvania women of all time. Penn-sylvania's history, of course, doesn't goback too far. And, as the editors suggest,women in any state of the union were rather

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submerged in the home until recent date.Yet Pennsylvania is able to muster a listof 200 "notable" women. Finding whothey were and what they did is a very fas-cinating process.The limitation to Pennsylvania women

is not necessarily a limitation to scope.They seem to provide a good cross-sectionof American women up to the present day.There are colonial heroines (beginningwith a Swedish settler in 1643), the Revo-lutionary group, the pioneer cluster, theCivil War ladies—down to our more mod-ern and miscellaneous heroines.One doesn't always approve of the edi-

tors' selection. There is, for instance, theinclusion of one woman on the ratherlimited ground that she was tried for witch-craft and released. That would seem torender her more notorious than notable.However, most of the choices are seemly,

if not downright striking. There is asprinkling of well-known names; BetsyRoss, Rebecca Harding Davis, Mary Cas-sat, Kate Douglas Wiggin. And such fa-mous old Pennsylvania names as Biddleand Wharton appear here and there in thechronicle. And there is the feminine gen-der of such heroic names as Penn andBuchanan.

Most of the merit and interest to thecollection, however, lie in its variety andconsequent presentation of appealing in-cident. The brevity of the biographiesnecessarily limits interesting lives to theirmost colorful moments. And, colloquiallyspeaking, the yarn is a frequent and attrac-tive intruder to the pages.The bulk of the material appeared as a

series in the Philadelphia Ledger. Themixed assemblage of authors produces apatchwork of even and uneven writing.Other items are well written. And sincethe lives in most cases carry themselves, thewriting doesn't matter too much.Of greatest interest to readers of the

National Historical Magazine, of course, isthe group of Revolutionary heroines. In-deed, one of the biographies, that of AmyDraper Wilkins, was submitted by the In-dependence Hall Chapter of the DAR. Itdiscloses the cool courage of Mistress Wil-kins, who helped an American officer escapefrom the British, and then made her ownquick-witted escape when the occasion de-manded.

It's an interesting compilation—of attrac-tion to all manner of readers!

FLORA GILL.

Victory Dinner Great Success

I AM happy to announce that the proceeds from the Victory Dinnerin Chicago netted $540 above the expenses.

This sum has been given to the American Red Cross in honor ofMrs. William H. Pouch, President General.

MRS. E. E. WOOLLEN,

National Chairman, Victory Dinner.

State Conferences

GEORGIA

HE Forty-fourth State Conference ofthe Georgia Society, Daughters of the

American Revolution, was held in theDempsey Hotel, Macon, Georgia, March23-25,1942. Mrs. Thomas Coke Me11,State Regent, presided at all sessions.The Georgia Daughters were honored to

have Mrs. William H. Pouch, PresidentGeneral, as a distinguished guest at theopening meeting. Mrs. Pouch brought achallenging message on, "Soldiers All."Earlier in the evening, the President Gen-eral was honor guest at a banquet in theDempsey Hotel with the Mary HammondWashington Chapter hostess. Other dis-tinguished guests introduced were: Mrs. C.Edward Murray, Curator General, of NewJersey; Mrs. John Logan Marshall, VicePresident General of South Carolina; Mrs.William Harrison Hightower, Vice Presi-dent General, of Thomaston, Georgia; Mrs.Julius Y. Talmadge, President of the Na-tional Officers' Club, of Athens, Georgia,and Mrs. Howard H. McCall, National ViceChairman of the National Historical Maga-zine, of Atlanta, Ga.

Reports of the Junior Membership Chair-man, Mrs. Reuben Garland, and of the StatePresident of the Children of the AmericanRevolution, Mrs. Leonard Wallace, wereboth instructive and inspirational. Mrs.J. E. Nuckolls presented Miss Louise Haw-kins, winner of the Good Citizenship .Pil-grimage, who made an appropriate re-sponse.On Tuesday morning at seven-thirty the

State Officers Club was entertained atbreakfast, at which time new officers wereelected to serve for the next three years.At the morning session of Conference, theState Regent greeted the assemblage andmade her report in which she stated shehad visited all of her eighty-four chaptersduring her regime and had left the admin-istration unencumbered. The hearteningnote sounded in her report was that allDaughters in our State are cooperatingand coordinating their efforts with all other

organizations and agencies for an "All OutProgram for National Defense."A telegram was sent to the President of

the United States, Franklin Delano Roose-velt, expressing confidence in his plan andpledging the support of the Georgia Daugh-ters.

State Chairman of Approved Schools,Miss Sue Reid Vason, told of liberal con-tributions to Tamassee made by Mrs. Wil-liam Harrison Hightower, National ViceChairman of Approved Schools, honoringMrs. Sarah Corbin Robert, Honorary Presi-dent General. Mrs. Hightower announcedthat a scholarship will be established atTamassee by Mrs. Julius Y. Talmadge asa memorial to her husband. Mrs. JohnLogan Marshall spoke on Tamassee, givinghuman interest stories about boys and girlswho attend this school. The State Regentannounced the establishment of a fund atTamassee, to be known as the Marian Sib-ley Wylie Victory Fund, honoring Mrs.Bun Wylie, Honorary State Regent andnewly elected President of the State Offi-cers' Club. A memorial service was heldunder the direction of the State Chaplain,Mrs. James B. Key. In the passing of MissMartha Berry, not only Georgia but theNation has lost a most distinguished edu-cator and humanitarian and the NationalSociety, D. A. R. mourn the loss of thefounder of one of the most useful of itsApproved Schools.Tuesday afternoon, State Chairmen made

reports and trophies were given and awardspresented. It was announced that Mrs.Howard H. McCall's publication, "Rosterof Revolutionary Soldiers in Georgia", aGolden Jubilee project of the State Society,had received much praise and is consideredby Genealogists as "Thorough, careful andskillful work."The Chapter Regents' Banquet was given

Tuesday night, by the Nathaniel MaconChapter and was followed by Assemblycall with Trumpeters. The evening sessionwas devoted to interesting reports of Chap-ter Regents which revealed an earnestnessof effort and a varied and great volume ofwork accomplished in Georgia during1941-42. Nominations of State Officerswere made and the retiring State Regent,

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NATIONAL HISTORICAL MAGAZINE [ 563 ]

Mrs. Thomas Mell, was elected HonoraryState Regent and unanimously endorsed forVice President General in the 1943 election.The Conference drew to a close Wednes-

day morning when Mrs. Mell Knox, Chair-man, read the resolutions. Of outstandingimportance were the following: that theState Regent be empowered with authorityto transfer the amount of three thousanddollars, in the S. B. C. Morgan Loan Fund,into United States War Bonds; also fivehundred dollars in Bonds for EndowmentFund of the National Society, and a fiftydollar Bond be given this fund from theState Officers' Club, Mrs. William F. Dykes,President; and that representation at StateConference be one of the State Honor RollRequirements for Chapters. Mrs. Julius Y.Talmadge of Athens, Georgia, was unani-mously endorsed by the Georgia Society forPresident General in the 1944 election.Her endorsement was a beautiful ovationand bespoke the high esteem in which Mrs.Talmadge is held by her beloved GeorgiaDaughters. Mrs. Stewart Colley of Grant-ville, new State Regent and the other newlyelected officers were installed by the StateChaplain. The singing of "Blest Be theTie That Binds" by the assemblage andthe retirement of colors concluded themeeting.

VIRGINIA BUTLER NICHOLSON(Mrs. J. Harold),

State Editor.,May 18, 1942.

MICHIGAN

rilHE forty-second Annual State Confer-ence of Michigan Daughters of the

American Revolution convened at HotelHayes, Jackson, March 25-6-7. The stateregent, Mrs. Osmond D. Heavenrich, whosehome is in Jackson, held a dinner meetingof the state board the evening before atthe hotel, and after registration WednesdayA. M. entertained the executive board, na-tional officers, chairmen and vice chair-men, state chairmen, vice chairmen andchapter regents at luncheon in the CrystalMOM.

Most impressive was the Vesper Me-morial Service at 2:30 for the 92 Michi-gan Daughters who passed on during theyear. The state chaplain, Mrs. Harry D.

Boardman, sister of the state regent, con-ducted the service, assisted by state di-rectors, Mrs. Ernest Clark, Pontiac, andMrs. Joseph Thompson, Ypsilanti. Twolovely pages, Misses Jean Blanchard andMaria Kip Boardman, held the two tapersused in the candlelight service. Regentsand others lit candles as each chapter groupwas read. The Tuesday Morning MusicaleChorus, under direction of James E. F.Chase, rendered several numbers. Fourprominent former state officers were amongthose mourned.

Immediately following this the six host-ess chapters, from Tecumseh, Hillsdale,Albion, Adrian, Howell and Jackson,served tea; Mrs. Clarke E. Baldwin ofAdrian, officiating as chairman. Delightfulpiano, violin and cello music was furnishedby Mrs. Grace W. Wilson, Mrs. LutherPahl and Miss Betty Page.

Mrs. Heavenrich presided over all Con-ference sessions, except chapter regents'afternoon, Thursday, at which Miss LauraCook, state first vice regent officiated.The speaker for the opening session,

Wednesday evening, was Dr. Emil Leffler,Dean of Albion College, whose topic was"Straws in the Wind. He pleaded thatwe be practical and factual in our pa-triotism. "A salute to the flag is an inspir-ing gesture, but patriotism is a 24 houra day job," he said. "What we need," hecontinued, "is a theory of patriotism thatwill clarify the meaning of democracy,that democracy is not a platitude but afunction, and a true democracy permits themajority to rule but gives the minority theprivilege of living." "As members of theD. A. R. you can carry the battle to theenemy by sustaining morale, learning toface the war with courage and reality, andwith stability of mind and thought. Theprinciples of patriotism and Americanismyou have long sustained will long continueto be held in esteem and respect by thisnation."

Inspiring were the reports of the young-est chapter, John Sackett, and the sixhostess chapters which were given beforethe address. And Mrs. George Schermer-horn, Honorary State Regent, introducedthe "Gold Box" in the interest of "OurChinese Friends" into which 850.00 wasdropped before Conference closed, which,she said, would entitle the Daughters to beconsidered 21/2 "Esteemed Grandparents of

[ 564 ] NATIONAL HISTORICAL MAGAZINE

a Chinese Student" since $20.00 gave usthat honor for one student.

Flowers were noticeable by their ab-sence, as money usually so spent was di-verted to more patriotic causes. The gor-geous colors of flags, ribbons and lovelygowns made them unnecessary.Many subscription breakfasts and lunch-

eons were held Thursday and Friday.Reports of state officers, state and na-

tional chairmen and chapter regentsbrought out the vast amount of work ac-complished by this glorious Society, notthe least of which was a gain of 172 mem-bers, making 4259 for Michigan; and thepledge of $1650.00 for the library of theSarah Corbin Robert School at Tamassee,S. C., paid for through budget and volun-tary contribution; Michigan Daughterssupport a $30,000 student loan fund forscholars in U. of M., Mich. State and allNormal Colleges. Mrs. Bessie H. Geagleyreported 1,730,000 hours spent by nationalmembership in Red Cross work.(As a matter of conservation there will

be no Regional Meetings in Michigan thisfall.)Mr. W. J. Betts, in a Conservation talk

on "Paper" Thursday morning, said wesave only 40%, 60% being wasted. Mich-igan is a paper making state having 50plants. It should be part of the civilianeffort on the home front to waste nothing.He contrasted England's situation.

Mrs. Emma A. Fox, noted parliamen-tarian, who has been conducting her eighto'clock classes at conferences since theybegan, was guest of honor at the banquet,receiving a birthday cake which was partof the dessert for the 400 assembled. Shewas 95 on Mar. 29.Dr. James K. Pollock's address, "America

at War," was broadcast from the banquetroom. He is Professor of Political Scienceat the U. of M. "Civilian morale and in-dustrial production are the two essentialsfor victory in the present total war," wasthe statement that highlighted his address."We are in the midst of a critical war, aturning point in the history of the world"."No one is wise enough to say which waythe world is faced, but we do know, asnever before, a very great part of the bur-den of war rests on the civilian population.In total war it is everything WE haveagainst everything THEY have."—"The

total potentialities of this country must bedeveloped and managed to organize 130million people into a unit for victory andpeace". "And," he continued, "because ofthe magnitude of this organization, timeis the great factor, but I see no reason fordiscouragement". "We are much betterunited than at the beginning of World WarI. The importance of morale was stressed.There must be no sugar coating. The con-ditions for high morale in a democracydepend on the judgment of the commonman who is highly sensitized and awareof events. He must be assured that HE isfighting a total war against a total evil fora total victory". "This country must as-sume that quality of sacrifice and couragedisplayed at Valley Forge—Dunkerque &Bataan," he concluded.From the 202 girls assembled from high-

schools all over the state, Miss June Chis-holm of Flint Central High was chosen asoutstanding highschool girl in citizenshipattainments in Michigan by Good Citizen-ship Committee and will attend ContinentalCongress at Chicago in May as guest ofstate DAR. The Good Citizens were ad-dressed by Dr. Paul H. Voelker, Pres. ofGrand Rapids College, who has been oneof their judges.

Distinguished guests present were, Mrs.Henry B. Joy, Honorary Vice PresidentGeneral, National C.A.R. Chaplain, ofGrosse Pointe; Mrs. Bessie Howe Geagley,Vice Pres. General from Mich.; Mrs. Chas.F. Bathrick, Past Vice Pres. General; Mrs.George D. Schermerhorn, past OrganizingGeneral, National Advisor of Junior Mem-bership; Miss Harriet Simons, NationalChairman Approved Schools & State Pres.C.A.R.; Mrs. Chas. Loring Hall, NationalVice Chairman & Miss Marion Brooke,V. C. National Junior Assembly. MissAlice Louise McDuffee, Hon. State Regent;Mrs. Edward Howlett, Hon. State Consult-ing Registrar; Mrs. Ralph E. Wisner, Gen-eral National Vice Chairman Junior Amer-ican Citizens.

Mrs. Osmond D. Heavenrich, state regent,was endorsed by the state for Vice Pres.General in 1943, and Mrs. George Scher-merhorn was endorsed for President Gen-eral in 1944.1943 Conference is to be held in Detroit.

JANET Y. GAULT.

NATIONAL HISTORICAL MAGAZINE [ 565 ]

NORTH CAROLINA

THE Forty-second Annual Conferenceof the North Carolina Daughters of the

American Revolution was held on March26, 27, 28, 1942, at the George VanderbiltHotel in Asheville. Mrs. Joseph SimpsonSilversteen, State Regent, presided at allsessions. The Conference was fortunate inhaving the following distinguished guests:Mrs. William H. Pouch, President Gen-eral; Mrs. Joseph G. Forney, First Vice-President General; Mrs. William Harri-son Hightower, Vice-President General;Mrs. Samuel James Campbell, TreasurerGeneral; Mrs. Frederick Alfred Wallis,Historian General; Mrs. C. Edward Mur-ray, Curator General; and Mrs. WillardSteele, former Treasurer of the NationalOfficers' Club.The chapters of District One, Mrs. Roy

H. Cagle, Director, were splendid host-esses and provided most graciously for thecomfort and enjoyment of their guests.On Thursday, just prior to the opening ofConference, they entertained at a luncheon

the Battery Park Hotel for the ExecutiveBoard and distinguished guests.Thursday afternoon a very impressive

memorial service for deceased members,prepared by Mrs. H. 0. Steele, State Chap-lain, was in charge of North Carolina'sown Mrs. William Henry Belk, NationalChaplain. (Mrs. Steele's absence was dueto a recent bereavement.)A dinner on Thursday evening honored

the President General, Mrs. William H.Pouch. Following the dinner, during theevening session, the President Generalspoke and won the hearts of those present.All felt that surely a woman of such a bigand understanding heart was come to theSociety for just such a time as this. Atthe close of the evening session an in-formal reception was given in honor ofMrs. J. S. Silversteen, State Regent, Mrs.Pouch, President General, and other guests

Friday morning's session was precededby the State Officers' Club Breakfast. Themorning was full of reports. This was fol-lowed by a luncheon at Grove Park Inn.His Excellency, Governor J. M. Broughton,and Mrs. Broughton were present. TheGovernor spoke briefly. At the conclu-sion of the luncheon a group of boys and

girls from Crossnore, North Carolina'sApproved School, entertained with folkdances.

Friday afternoon the Good CitizenshipPilgrims present received their pins andcertificates from the President General,Mrs. Pouch. Miss Patsy Gwyn of Waynes-ville was presented as winner of the tripto National Congress in Chicago.The Delegates Dinner on Friday was

presided over by Miss Gertrude S. Carra-way, State Vice-Regent. A feature of theoccasion was the presenting by the StateRegent, Mrs. Silversteen, of a beautifulU. S. flag to the district, exclusive of thehostess district, having the largest at-tendance at the Conference. District Two,Mrs. J. L. Pressly, Director, won the flag.The keynote of the Conference, National

Defense, was emphasized .at Friday's eve-ning session. Following a splendid ad-dress by the Historian General, Mrs. Fred-erick Alfred Wallis, reports were givenby regents of the defense activities of theirchapters.

Saturday's session was marked by thenomination and unanimous endorsementof Mrs. Joseph Simpson Silversteen, StateRegent, for Vice-President General of theNational Society.The following officers were elected at

the Conference: Miss Elizabeth Horne,Historian; Mrs. Karl Sherrill, Treasurer;Mrs. R. T. Fountain, Chaplain.

Beautiful music was contributed byAsheville musicians throughout the Con-ference.

The• singing of "God Be With You TillWe Meet Again" by the assemblage andthe retiring of the colors concluded theConference.MAY M. MACPHERSON(Mrs. Samuel Hinsdale MacPherson),

State Recording Secretary.Fayetteville, N. C.

NEBRASKA

THE fortieth Annual State Conferencewas held in Norfolk March 17-19 with

the Nancy Gary Chapter as hostess and theState Regent Mrs. Robert McDowell Arm-strong presiding.Honored guests of the Conference were

Vice President General, Mrs. Reuben E.

[566] NATIONAL HISTORICAL MAGAZINE

Knight and National Chairman of Ameri-canism, Mrs. Horace J. Cary. Five Na-tional Vice Chairmen were also present andspoke on their work at the opening session.The theme of the Nebraska conference

was "Then Conquer We Must" and a hugebanner with the words hung above theplatform at all sessions. A large silverletter "V" formed the background. Theconference theme song "God Bless Amer-ica" was sung at intervals throughout theconference.

Special project of Nebraska this yearwas the raising of a fund for U. S. 0.Mr. Walter F. Roberts, State Co-ordinator

of Civilian Defense addressed the delegateson the evening of the formal opening. Thehostess Chapter entertained at an informalreception following the meeting.A memorial service for twenty-four de-

parted members was held on Wednesdayafternoon and a candlelight tea at theparish house followed.On Wednesday evening Governor and

Mrs. Dwight Griswold were honor guestsat the Victory Dinner. The address of theevening was given by Mr. Sam W. Reynolds,Chairman of the Finance Committee, Ameri-can Legion.

Routine work was completed on Thurs-day. The Omaha Chapters extended aninvitation for the 1943 conference.C. A. R. played an important part in

Nebraska conference this year, a specialmeeting being devoted to them on Wednes-day morning.

In spite of the emergency times and cur-tailed travel attendance was encouraginglygood at the conference. The credentialcommittee reported 115 attending. MissMarjorie Reddig, 1942 Pilgrim for Neb-raska, was present and made a graciousresponse to the conference.

Special prizes were awarded to chaptershaving the greatest gain in magazine sub-scriptions, to the oldest subscribing mem-ber, to the chapter doing one hundred per-cent Red Cross work and the most hoursper capita, to the cotton dress contest ofGirl Homemakers Committee and to theChapter doing the most genealogical rec-ords work.New officers were installed and the con-

ference closed.

GOLDA V. PECKHAM SUTTIE,(Mrs. J. C.)

State Recording Secretary.

NEW HAMPSHIRE

CAREFUL planning, outstanding hospi-tality, a general spirit of friendliness,

the presence of our President General—allcontributed toward making the forty-firstannual conference of the New HampshireD. A. R. a real success. Attendance wassurprisingly large—one hundred seventy-six the final figure—a source of gratifica-tion to the State Regent, Mrs. Robert F.Crosby, who was presiding over her firstState Conference.A meeting of the Board of Management

was held at Phillips Church, Exeter, onWedriesday, April first, at ten o'clock, butthe Conference proper opened at two-thirtyin the afternoon with the processionalwhich included beside Mrs. Pouch andstate officers, several honorary State Re-gents, New Hampshire's two national offi-cers, and two Regents from neighboringstates, Mrs. Frederick S. Smith of Massa-chusetts and Mrs. Frederick Chase of RhodeIsland.

Addresses of welcome were given by Mr.Robert W. Sawyer, selectman of Exeter,and Mrs. Oscar W. Pearson, Regent of thehostess Chapter. Mrs. Edward D. Storrs,State Vice-Regent, gave the response. Gov-ernor Robert 0. Blood brought greetings,affirming that our organization "will leadthe way in the future as it has moldedopinion in the past, toward a great victoryfor this nation and the United Nations."Of special significance were greetings

from Mrs. Thomas 0. Parnell, State C. A.R. President, because only on the preced-ing Saturday she had brought about theorganization of the New Hampshire C. A.R. Society. For the first time two membersof a New Hampshire State Society could beguests of a D. A. R. conference. LittleMiss Georgia Parnell and Miss Sally Hum-phreys, dressed in colonial costume, wereheartily applauded as they presented red,white, and blue bouquets to Mrs. Pouchand Mrs. Crosby.The part which D. A. R. members may

take in the war effort was stressed through-out the afternoon by reports of State chair-men and speakers on Red Cross, NationalDefense, and China. Mrs. George Wyethof Hanover, chairman of the New Hamp-shire Civilian Defense Committee on Con-

NATIONAL HISTORICAL MAGAZINE [567]

sumer Interest and Protection told us to"serve, save, salvage, substitute, and smile,"and Mrs. A. F. Ufford of Shaohing, Chinareminded us that that brave country holdsout because she believes "there are no de-feats but spiritual defeats."

Presentation of nearly one thousandbooks to Lieutenant Denlinger for the menin service at Camp Foster and Fort Starkwas a feature of the program. The after-noon ended with a beautiful memorialservice conducted by the State Chaplain,Mrs. Frederick D. Runnells, and the StateRegistrar, Mrs. J. Wendall Kimball, witha special tribute by Mrs. Charles H. Car-roll to Mrs. George Rossman of Keene.Through the courtesy of Mrs. Wendell

B. Folsom of Exeter, members of the con-ference were invited to visit CincinnatiHall, once the home of Nicholas Gilman,signer of the Constitution.At six-thirty a most excellent banquet

was enjoyed at Exeter Inn with Mrs. Pouchand Reverend Harold Bentley of Derry asprincipal speakers. Greetings from theJuniors were given by Mrs. Samuel Spence,State chairman, and from the C. A. R. byMiss Dorothy Fisher, newly elected presi-dent of the State Society. Following this,a reception to National and State officersbrought to a close the first very happy day.

Thursday's resolutions provided for thepurchase of a Defense Bond, the gift toKate Duncan Smith School of a frost proofdrinking fountain in honor of Mrs. RobertCrosby, and the appointing of a committeeto investigate the purchase of land in Mor-ristown, New Jersey, where General JohnStark encamped.

Reports of State Chairmen showed a vastamount of good work being done. JuniorAmerican Citizens were represented by aboy from Claremont who most creditablytold of the ideas and ideals of his group.As a final enjoyment an Approved

Schools luncheon in charge of Mrs. ErnestF. Forbes of Claremont took place onThursday noon. Handwork exhibits, at-tractive place cards from the schools, musicby a Claremont High School quartet, amost interesting report by Mrs. Forbes,and a fascinating account of the buildingof Kate Duncan Smith School by Mrs. KateDuncan Smith Kendall climaxed two daysof unusual interest.

LOUISE K. ANDERSON,(Mrs. David W. Anderson)

State Historian.

OHIO

THE forty-third annual State Conferencewas held March 10-12, 1942, at the May-

flower Hotel, Akron. The Cuyahoga Port-age Chapter and its regent, Mrs. Z. C. Ose-land were the official hostesses. Mrs.Alonzo H. Dunham, State Regent, presidedwith distinction and efficiency at all ses-sions.Among distinguished guests present were

Ohio's own beloved Vice President Gen-eral, Mrs. James F. Donahue, whom theConference made Honorary State Regent;Mrs. Vinton Earle Sisson, National ViceChairman of National Defense; Miss Har-riet Simons, National Chairman of Ap-proved Schools; Mrs. A. C. Messenger,Honorary State Regent; and Mrs. John S.Heaume, former National Recording Sec-retary-General.

It was a working conference, distin-guished both by. earnestness of purposeand friendliness. A fast movie-reel canonly give a part of the picture. Note thefull array of Juniors and C. A. R.'s actingas Pages, the new chapter regents, the in-spiring presence of the "old guard" renew-ing old friendships, making new ones, dot-ing fathers and husbands and friends com-ing and going, all against the beautiful andluxurious hotel setting.

Concise and comprehensive reports bythe State Officers and State Chairmen re-vealed the wide scope of the work accom-plished in Ohio in the past year, with spe-cial emphasis on Red Cross, and the 0. S.U. These reports, with those of the fiveDistrict Directors individually summing upthe work of the 123 chapters, gave vigorand inspiration to the Conference.At the conclusion of their reports, both

the State Librarian, Mrs. J. Earle Gidding,and the State Historian awarded prizes toseveral chapters for outstanding work ac-complished.The State Registrar, Mrs. W. K. Sterline,

presented the Fourth Annual MembershipAwards to the chapters with the greatestincrease in members.A scrapbook of Press Relations and one

of Ohio's four Historic-Sites Markings for1941-42 were on exhibit.The gift of a $1500 Mobile Blood Trans-

fusion Unit to the American Red Cross was

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voted by the Conference, honoring the StateRegent, Mrs. Alonzo H. Dunham.Two $100 Scholarships to Tamassee,

honoring Mrs. Dunham, and a $75 drink-ing fountain inscription for Kate DuncanSmith, honoring Mrs. Herbert Backus,Honorary State Regent, were pledged.An impressive Memorial for the 141 de-

ceased members of the past year was con-ducted by the State Chaplain, Mrs. T. J.Summers.And note the unusual interest shown in

the early morning Parliamentary LawClass, conducted by State Parliamentarian,Mrs. Earle B. Padgett, who is a formerstate president of Ohio Federation ofWomen's Clubs.Now watch the five beautiful girls—

ranking next highest to the state winner ofG. C. P. contest—receiving their pins andcertificates from the State Chairman, Mrs.Lester A. Lusher. See how endearing thesefuture leaders are in their role of honorguests at the State Banquet, and later atthe Pages' Ball!The Pages' Ball with its long stag line,

was a high light of the Conference for thesixty pages, most of whom were Juniors,with several C. A. R.'s. The great interestof the Juniors, shown by a large attendanceand participation in the various programs,was gratifying to all members.

Additional social affairs were the StateOfficers' Club dinner planned by its presi-dent, Mrs. Stuart Bolin; the National De-fense Luncheon honoring Mrs. Sisson; theVictory Tea in the charming blue BallRoom, with Cuyahoga Portage and nearbychapters acting as hostesses; the C. A. R.and Historian's breakfasts and individualparties add variety to the picture.To complete the picture, there were in-

spiring addresses by Mr. Frank Pauley, ofthe Ohio Retail Merchant's Association,Miss Margaret Mahoney, of the Ohio Coun-cil for Defense and Mr. Arthur C. Hor-rocks of the Goodyear Rubber hochose as his subject, "Day After Co.,Tomor-row" for the Banquet.To conserve tires, and because of its

central location, Ann Simpson Davis Chap-ter, Columbus, extended an invitation tomeet in 1943 in Columbus. Gratefully ac-cepting this gracious invitation, the Con-ference adjourned.

TULA FRENCH FAIRLEY,(Mrs. Vernon Fairley)

State Historian.

SOUTH CAROLINA

91 HE Forty-sixth annual Conference ofthe South Carolina Daughters of the

American Revolution was held in Green-wood March 25, 26, 27, 1942, with the StarFort chapter as hostess.Among the distinguished guests present

were Mrs. William H. Pouch, PresidentGeneral, Mrs. John Logan Marshall, VicePresident General, Mrs. William H. High-tower, Vice President General, Mrs. C.Edward Murray, Curator General, Mrs.William H. Belk, Chaplain General, Mrs.Robert D. Wright, President General,United Daughters of the Confederacy.The conference opened Wednesday eve-

ning with a banquet honoring our PresidentGeneral, Mrs. Pouch, who was the speakerof the evening, the subject of her addressbeing "Soldiers All." She stressed theneed of women in our defense work in thepresent emergency and cited the avenuesof work now open to them. Greetingswere extended the conference by the dis-tinguished guests and many civic organ-izations of the city. Preceding the firstsession, a meeting of the Good CitizenshipPilgrims Clubs was held, the 1942 Pilgrim,Doris Parker, being presented to the group.The Executive Board meeting, with Mrs.E. Clay Doyle, State Regent, presiding, metat noon the opening day. This meeting wasfollowed by the Palmetto Officers clubluncheon.

Wednesday afternoon a beautiful Me-morial Service for deceased members washeld in the First Baptist church. Manyloving tributes were paid to the memoryof our late State Regent, Mrs. WilliamSutherland Allan.

At the Thursday morning session, reportsof State officers and Chairmen were given.They proved most gratifying, culminatingin the excellent report of the State Regent,Mrs. E. Clay Doyle.At the Tamassee Luncheon, the second

day of conference, Mr. Ralph H. Cain,Superintendent of the school, told of thework being done by the Daughters of theAmerican Revolution for the mountainchildren. Several of the pupils were pres-ent and contributed to the program.The "Candle-light Dinner," honoring the

chapter regents, was held Thursday eve-

NATIONAL HISTORICAL MAGAZINE [ 569 ]

ning. Following the regents' reports, animpressive pageant, depicting the historyof the Red Cross in America was given.The last session was given over to final

committee reports and election of officersto serve for the next three years. Mrs.Marshall Pinckney Orr was elected stateregent to succeed Mrs. E. Clay Doyle, Re-tiring regent.The social affairs during conference in-

cluded luncheons, teas and historical drives.The Forty-seventh State Conference will

convene in Columbia with the Columbiachapter as hostess, in celebration of thefiftieth anniversary of the chapter.

MRS. ROBERT K. WISE,State Chairman Press Relations.

TEXAS

THE Forty-third annual Texas State Con-ference, Daughters of the American

Revolution, met in historic San Antonio,March 16-19, 1942, with the thirteen chap-ters of Division V acting as hostesses. Con-ference headquarters were in the St. An-thony Hotel and all business sessions wereheld in Travis Park Methodist Church.

Preceding the formal opening of Con-ference a National Defense Symposium washeld at 2:00 p. m., Monday, March 16,with State Chairman, Mrs. D. P. Germane,presiding. The principal speaker was Lt.Col. Royden Williamson and his subjectwas "Americans of the Old Stock andTheir Present Responsibilities."At 4:00 p. m., Monday a Memorial Serv-

ice was conducted by the State Chaplain,Mrs. J. K. Carnal.The State Regent, Mrs. Edwin Stanton

Lammers, declared the Conference in ses-sion at 8:00 p. m. for State Regent's eve-ning. After addresses of welcome andgreetings from Civic Officials and heads ofother patriotic societies in the State, aninspiring address was delivered by Chap-lain 0. J. Cohee of Ft. Sam Houston.The business sessions began Tuesday at

9:00 a. m. A report was given by theOrganizing Secretary General, Miss MarionDay Mullins, and followed by reports fromthe Texas C. A. R., National Vice-Chairmenin Texas and State Officers.The afternoon business session continued

with reports of State Chairmen of National

and State Committees. These reportsshowed a splendid increase along all linesof work.

Chapter Regents evening was held at 7:45p. m. when interesting reports from 50chapters were heard.Wednesday morning was devoted to

Texas' outstanding project, the San MarcosResearch Library of Old Text Books andTexana. Report from the chairman, Mrs.Gus L. Ford, showed the collection wasgrowing rapidly and the pledges made as-sured that it would be completed anddedicated at Conference next year.

Pledges completed the funds for theTexas room in the new High School Build-ing at Tamassee and for the cost of micro-filming all of the Texas Census Recordsfrom 1850 through 1880 by the NationalSociety. In view of world conditions theConference voted to convert the accumu-lated Washington Monument Fund intoGovernment Bonds.The Wednesday afternoon business ses-

sion was shortened to allow time for a his-toric pilgrimage to the Alamo, SpanishGovernor's Palace and San Jose Mission.After tea was served in the mission patio,a historical program, "Women in Defense",under the direction of the State Historian,Mrs. Walter G. Dick, was presented in theMission Granary.The closing business session was held

Thursday morning and at noon the Confer-ence was declared adjourned. A final re-port of the credentials committee showed233 D. A. R. registered, 14 of whom wereout of state members. Among our distin-guished guests were: the Organizing Secre-tary General—our own Miss Marion DayMullins; Mrs. Louise M. Heaton, NationalPresident of C. A. R.; Mrs. Lafayette LeVanPorter, Regent of Indiana; and Mrs. R. H.Edmundson, Ex-Vice-President General ofWest Virginia.In addition to the regular Conference

meetings related above the delegates andvisitors enjoyed many social occasions.The State Officers Club Luncheon was heldat noon, Monday, March 16, State Chair-men's Breakfast Tuesday morning, at noona Mexican Luncheon at the Original Mexi-can Restaurant, Wednesday morning Chap-ter Regents breakfast, Luncheon in theAnachacho Room of the St. Anthony Hoteland Thursday morning, Chapter RegentsClub breakfast.

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WISCONSIN

PRIOR to the formal opening of the Con-ference there occurred several auxiliary

meetings: On Monday evening a dinnerfor Juniors and Pages were served at thehome of Mrs. E. J. Berdinner ; at 10:30A. M. Tuesday the State Board met at theHotel Racine and at 2:00 P. M. there wasa meeting of chapter regents, registrars andtreasurers with the State regent, Mrs. FrankG. Wheeler. At six o'clock the dinner ofthe state officers' club occurred at the HotelRacine and the annual election of officersfor this organization followed. Registra-tion went on during the day in the hotellobby and at 3:30 visitors to the Conferencewere entertained at a tea served in the De-Koven Foundation parlors.At the auditorium of the Racine Woman's

Club at 8:30 Tuesday evening the Con-ference was formally called to order by theState Regent. Mrs. Oscar Sander, Regentof the Racine Chapter and Miss Etta North,Regent of the Erskine-Perry-Sears Chapter,welcomed the visitors and Mrs. Maud Men-denhall, of Fond du Lac, gave the responsein behalf of the Board. Representatives ofnine patriotic orders extended greetingsand gifts of flowers. There was a mostinteresting flag pageant by the Racine Jun-iors led by Mrs. E. J. Berdinner. The ad-dress of the evening was by Mrs. VintonEarl Sisson of Chicago who handled ablythe theme "The American Way and theIsms."The entire morning session Wednesday

was devoted to the hearing of reports fromState Officers and the Chairmen of im-portant committees. Luncheon was servedin the dining rooms of the same buildingin which sessions were held. After lunchreports continued featured especially bythe drawing of lots by John Callahan, StateSuperintendent of Schools, to choose thelucky girl from among the Good Citizen-ship girls selected by 295 High Schools ofthe State. The choice of girl to make theGood Citizenship Pilgrimage this yearalong with the winners from 47 other stateswas Katherine Danielson of Washburne,first alternate was Bette Gene Gardner ofRidgeway and second alternate Mary JaneCarry of South Milwaukee.Edward Alexander, recently installed as

State Superintendent of the Wisconsin His-

torical Society, gave the address of theafternoon. Mr. Alexander outlined someof the new plans and policies of the organ-ization now under his charge and enlistedthe sincere interest of the Daughters in hisdiscussion of the value of a study of localhistory. He explained the facilities of hisoffice at Madison in aiding and promotingsuch study.

Memorial services for those Daughterswho have died between March 1941 andMarch 1942 were held in the PresbyterianChurch. Mrs. Clifford Wright, State Chap-lain, conducted the services which wereunusually impressive due to the music.John Carre at the organ accompanied Mrs.Elmer Goodland's solo and the WashingtonPark High School Choristers gave severalbeautiful numbers. The roll of those whohad passed in the last year numbered 33.Among them was Mrs. Emeline LarrabiePerkins, Founder and first Regent of theFond du Lac Chapter, who died in Novem-ber, almost 104 years old.The high spot in the conference came at

seven Wednesday with the banquet at HotelRacine. Invocation was given by the Rev-erend Thomas B. Frizelle, dinner musicwas by provided by Kenneth Hansen, vio-linist, and Oscar Harveland, pianist, dis-tinguished guests and state officers were in-troduced and the address of the occasionwas given by Lieut. Commander CarlosFallon who combines humor and soundsense most happily. Lieut. Fallon of theColombian Navy is spending some monthsin the United States. Mrs. Sisson precededhim by speaking at some length regardingthe Continental Congress to be held thisyear in Chicago and urging a full attend-ance from Wisconsin.

With the exception of some attractivemusical numbers by Miss Lois Nelson,soprano, accompanied by Miss June One-son at the piano, the session Thursdaymorning was devoted entirely to business.The triennial election of an entire slate ofofficers was held, resolutions were adoptedand an amendment to the Bylaws, providedin effect that with the exception of regentand vice regent no officer who had been onthe state board in any capacity could beagain on the state board until one termhad lapsed, was voted upon favorably.Adjournment came at noon and the colorswere retired for the last time on the Forty-sixth Conference of the DAR in Wisconsin.

MAUD HAMILTON MENDENHALL,State Historian.

Children of the American Revolution

Ideals of American YouthBY VOLLIE JEANE IRVINE

Junior National Vice-President, C. A. R.

BRING you greetings from the NationalSociety, Children of the American

Revolution. Its members are scatteredthroughout this country, Canal Zone andHawaii and they represent the true patri-otic youth of America in many outstand-ing universities, defense jobs, United StatesArmy and Navy, and in our churches andgrade schools. Each one of these mem-bers strive to remind the youth of todaythat the American way of life is the wayof opportunity for all and that our think-ing must be in terms of genuine function.ing democracy and the intelligent co-opera-tion of American boys and girls.The real tragedy of the German betrayal

of civilization today is the enlistment ofthe honorable instincts of self-sacrifice anddevotion in the service of a crudely mate-rialistic philosophy. That Germany ofyesteryear which so greatly enrichedcivilization with her gifts of science, musicand art has been pushed back to make wayfor the interests of a mad political partywhose teachings rest upon race hatred andbrute force.What is the driving force behind this

Nazi movement? We believe that it isGerman youth who have been deliberatelydeprived of the elements of true judgmentand that this has caused their point of viewto stand in stark contrast to that of oursfor no longer do the non-material or spir-itual values of life dominate under thisHitlerite Regime.We look to you, Daughters of the Ameri-

can Revolution, to help us increase ourmembership so that it will be possible tounite such youth as are willing to takeup the torch—that torch of liberty whichour courageous forefathers held so high.Yes, that is our aim. Your interest willpromote interest in your daughters, sons,nieces and nephews. Your guidance willinstill in them a zest for patriotic service.Your financial assistance will enable us toattend conferences and learn more about

our duties as American Citizens so that wemay mold our futures to meet those prob-lems that lie before us.

I agree with William S. Berner, ourJunior National President. He said in hisaddress to the Daughters of the AmericanRevolution at the Congress in Chicago—"Your society is meeting when our coun-try is at war in order that you may haveplans to help our country obtain that finaland complete Victory of not only the warbut the peace to follow. There are manythings for you to choose to do. I ask thatyou put at the top of your list the train-ing of boys and girls in true patriotic loveof country."We do not in the least doubt that you

will more than obtain this purpose. Inanswer to our needs there have come suchgreat women to lead us as "Aunt Helen"who began many years ago to strengthenus. She has never faltered in her effortsto lift and spur us onward. Also Mrs.John Morrison Kerr, also a former Na-tional President of the Children of theAmerican Revolution. Through her faith-ful guidance she has led us steadily to-ward our goal. Now there is also an-other; our own present National President,Mrs. Louise Moseley Heaton, who is carry-ing on. She always finds time to visit withus at our state conferences. Every chapterof the Daughters of the American Revolu-tion have shown their splendid attitudeof co-operation. TO everyone we expressour deep gratitude. There are manythings to be done and with this continuedspirit of unity between these two organiza-tions we cannot fail.

American youth registered by the teem-ing millions and also the teeming millionsof those yet unregistered appear to be theultimate factor which will throw into bal-ance this new type of war between ideolo-gies. Not only will it be youth behind abayonet that will make this decision but

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youth in the factory, in the field, in theworkshop and in the school room shallalso play their great parts. All these willbe vital in molding that oneness of purposeand driving enthusiasm which will makeor mar our world. America's youth arecoming from the free public schools, openforums of discussion, Christian homes,

patriotic organizations and our churches.Can you doubt what the American youthwill contribute to the world, as they goforward in an all out effort for total de-fense, and when the peace has been estab-lished the tremendous voice the youth willraise for maintaining peace upon theearth?

Youth at the D. A. R. Congress

ON Monday evening, May fourth, Nine-teen Hundred and Forty-two

' the Fifty-

first Continental Congress of the Daughtersof the American Revolution convened atthe Medinah Temple, just outside of theLoop in downtown Chicago.A revolutionary movement had taken

place. Our Nation's Capital was full tooverflowing with statesmen and variousrepresentatives of the War Effort. TheD. A. R. voluntarily voted to hold theirCongress in Chicago.At the same time another patriotic group

had sacrificed their plans in order to aidthe authorities in Washington. The Chil-dren of the American Revolution cancelledtheir Annual Convention originally slatedto be held in the Capital.

However, the youth of the Nation, fromthe Atlantic to the Pacific, all the membersof the C. A. R. were represented when thegavel of the President General met the roughoak of the speakers table to announce theopening session.

During the ceremonies which ushered inthe Fifty-first Congress, Virginia Gay Hol-land escorted by William Scott Gregory,members of Ethan Allen Society, presenteda red cellophane cash V for Victory to AuntHelen Pouch, the new President General ofthe D. A. R. Immediately following, MissRowena Fairchild Johnsen, of WilliamDawes Society, in the name of the NationalSociety of the Children of the AmericanRevolution, gave a red, white and bluecorsage of cellophane filled with money toAunt Helen. Paul F. Haygood, Junior Na-tional Vice-President, C. A. R., gave greet-ings from the National Society to their par-

ent organization, the D. A. R. Aloha fromHonolulu Society, C. A. R., and Aloha andHawaii Chapters, D. A. R., was also ex-pressed by Mr. Haygood. Guy HarrisKnouf, of Illini Society, advanced and re-tired the C. A. R. colors during the pro-ceedings.When the Congress moved to the Stevens

Hotel the C. A. R. moved with it. Thurs-day afternoon, May 7, William S. Berner,Junior National President of the C. A. R.,gave his report on the activities of the Na-tional Board and the Societies at large.He presented the D. A. R. with a War Sav-ings Bond in the name of the C. A. R.Color guard during the afternoon sessionwas William Gavin Blackley, Jr., of SarahOrne Revere Society.From Monday to Thursday the D. A. R.

pages were to be seen hurrying hither andyon in their efforts toward the success ofthe Congress. These lovely young ladies intheir traditional white dresses formed abackground for the rapidly moving scenes.Youth was on parade. In truth, the

afternoon session on Thursday was devotedto the Juniors. The C. A. R. is doublygrateful to the D. A. R. It was a privilegeto share in the National Congress and toreceive the gener:ons hospitality of thePresident General, Aunt Helen and all theDaughters.

Officers and members alike, of theC. A. R. sincerely thank the D. A. R. forthe opportunity to pass in review and berecognized as an integral part of the patri-otic program of the nation.

PAUL F. HAYGOOD,Junior National Vice President,

C. A. R.

News ItemsJohn Rochelle's Grave Marked

COLONEL William Allen Chapter,Daughters of American Revolution,

honored the memory of a Revolutionarypatriot, John Rochelle, recently. Hisgrandfather, John Rochelle, fled with histwo brothers, at the time of the Edict ofNance, in 1680, from France to England.They married English girls and one ofthem came to Virginia and settled on thebanks of the Nottoway River, near Court-land, Virginia. His grandson, John Roch-elle, was the man honored.Through the efforts of one of his de-

scendants, Mrs. Maggie Shelton Stephen-son (Mrs. R. H.), his grave was located inthe cemetery at The Hermitage. Mrs.Stephenson is one of the oldest, as well asan enthusiastic member of our ColonelWilliam Allen Chapter, and she urged usto commemorate John Rochelle's memory.She outlined plans and our Chapter co-operated in every way. A marker wasplaced at his grave, and the Chapter metat the Southampton County Courthouse.After the pledge of allegiance to the flag,the school band played patriotic music. Acornet solo was played by Augustus Roch-elle Stephenson, a direct descendant ofJohn Rochelle, followed by a patrioticspeech telling something of the life of theman honored. "God Save America" wassung, and then the entire audience wasfilled with enthusiasm as the band played"The Star-Spangled Banner."

ANNE THOMAS BARHAM(Mrs. S. B. Jr.),

Historian, Colonel William Allen,Daughters of American Revolution.

New Chapter In Kansas

ANEW chapter with twenty-one mem-bers was organized in Great Bend,

Kansas, in May, by Mrs. A. J. Bargerof Arkansas City, State Regent of Kansas.The new chapter was named in honor

of the Revolutionary ancestor of Mrs.Peschka, and shall be known as the Jere-miah Howard Chapter.

Other officers are: Mrs. M. F. Russell,Vice-regent; Mrs. Kurt Zutavern, Chap-lain; Mrs. Earl Moses, Recording Secre-

tary; Mrs. Leonard Isern, Corres. Secre-tary; Mrs. John Travers, Treasurer; MissMay Harrison, Registrar; Miss NovmaMering, Historian; Mrs. J. E. McMullen,Sr., Librarian; Mrs. Virgil Strobel, Re-porter and Mrs. Ray Gorman, Mrs. FrankMoses and Mrs. Coe Russell, Program Com-mittee. Additional members are: Mrs. Les-ter Cox, Mrs. Robert E. Craine; Mrs. Mar-vine Hammond; Mrs. Ted B. Kelly; Mrs.C. C. Peel; Mrs. Monte Parrish; Mrs. JoeMcFarlane, Brownwood, Texas; Mrs. N.Ralph Sandford, Hoisington, Kansas.

Guests included Mrs. H. M. Stricklen,State Corresponding Secretary; Mrs. V. E.McArthur, State Registrar; Mrs. J. W.Lane, State Chairman of Real DaughtersCommittee; Mrs. Eugene Randles of Hutch-inson, sister of the organizing regent; Mrs.Frank N. Kruske, Wichita; Mrs. B. H.Asher, Mrs. L. Lee Davis and Mrs. LeonMoore. This is the second chapter or-ganized this year by Mrs. Berger, StateRegent, and the fourth since her electionto the office, making a total of fifty-sevenchapters in the state.

MRS. JUD PIERSON HALL,State Reporter, D. A. R.

NOTICE

The Louisa St. Clair Chapter of theDaughters of the American Revolution ofDetroit, Michigan, would like to correspondwith any Chapter having copies of theD. A. R. magazine between January, 1900and June, 1905, except the year 1902—alsoVol. I, published in 1892, for exchange orsale. They have many duplicate copiesback to 1912, also the first six months of1902, which other Chapters might like toobtain to complete their files. AddressMrs. Z. R. Peterson, 1527 Virginia Park,Detroit, Michigan.

New Citizens Honored by Chapter

AS a prelude to the celebration of "IAm an American" day, Jonas Bronck

Chapter of Mt. Vernon, New York, ar-ranged with the help of the Central Com-mittee for Veterans' Affairs, the City Offi-cials, and the Board of Education, a meet-ing in the Joseph Wood Junior High School

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auditorium to honor all the new citizensof the city whose naturalization had beencompleted within the past year.

Mrs. William F. S. Root, regent of thechapter, presided at the meeting. Seated onthe platform with Mrs. Root were the twochapter vice-regents, Mrs. Charles R. Hardyand Mrs. John D. Sherman, Major JosephBeaumont of the Central Veterans' com-mittee; the president of the board of alder-men representing the Mayor, a Schooltrustee, the superintendent of Mt. VernonSchools, a Jewish Rabbi, a Protestant min-ister and a member of the Catholic clergy,all of whom participated in the program.

Mrs. Root described the Americanismand naturalization work done by theD. A. R., and Major Beaumont explainedthe pledge of allegiance and various pre-cepts of the flag code to the newly madecitizens. Rabbi Kagan emphasized thebelief of our forefathers in the spiritualequality of all men, as the basic philosophyof our democracy; and other speakerspointed out the various rights and privi-leges of American citizens.

Presentation of Flag

ALARGE American Flag was presentedby the Mobile Chapter, of Mobile,

Alabama, to the Barker Grammar Schoolof Prichard, a suburb of Mobile. Mrs.A. S. Mitchell, state regent, presented theFlag in the name of the Mobile Chapter,and it was accepted by the Principal ofthe school, Mrs. Lillian Rouse.The Program, which was in charge of

the Chapter Regent, Mrs. Edmund deCelle,included a brief talk by Mr. K. J. Clark,County Superintendent of schools, on themeaning and symbol of the Flag, andreadings and songs by the pupils. Thepledge of allegiance to the Flag was ledby Jean deCelle, young daughter of theRegent, and a member of the C. A. R.

This event marked the seventh time thatthis chapter has given a Flag to a publicschool, always before, however, on FlagDay.The date was advanced this time, so

more pupils could be in attendance beforethe closing of the school term.

AGNES W. MCCONDY,(Mrs. J. W.)

State Chairman of Press Relations.

Pioneers Remembered at Ceremony

IV a tribute • to the pioneers who builta church in a wilderness, the Philip

Perry Chapter, N. S. D. A. R. of Cocoa,Florida, recently dedicated a marker onthe site of this church at LaGrange. Itwas built in 1869 and was the first placeof worship erected between New Smyrnaand Key West. With no discriminationfor creed, it served the community wheremen met united in love for their Creator.As many as four sermons were preachedon many Sundays to a congregation whowalked miles over trails or came in boatsto the services.

Mrs. Nina Ranck, regent of the chapter,presided at the ceremony and told of thework of the D. A. R. in preserving historicspots with suitable markers. The Cocoaschool band, carrying a new flag given tothem by the chapter played patriotic musicand Frank Nobles and Philip Bruner, BoyScouts and descendants of the early pio-neers unveiled the marker. Mrs. B. H.Howard, past regent and Mrs. T. C. Ma-guire, state chairman of historic markersand past state regent, performed the for-malities of presentation and acceptance andMrs. L. C. Crofton gave the history of thechurch.The church also sufficed as a school

building in that early day. Miss NarcissusFeaster was the first teacher. Her diary,treasured by her descendants, was exhibitedby Mrs. L. P. Abney and her son JimmyBrady who represents the 6th generationof Andrew Feaster, one of the founders ofthis citadel of religious and intellectualfreedom and the father of Narcissus, theteacher.

Philip Perry chapter was organized onFeb. 22, 1915, and has a membership ofthirty-four, seven of whom are descendantsof Andrew Feaster, and six Associate mem-bers.The Coquina boulder with its bronze

plate fulfils a dream Mrs. J. P. Mitchellhas cherished since the organization of thechapter and will hallow the spot where menloved and wrought long after the smallbuilding has gone. Mrs. Mitchell is oneof the descendants of Andrew Feaster andhas twice served the chapter as regent.

MRS. S. J. G. GOLDEN,Florida Chairman National Committee,

Press Relations, N. S. D. A. R.

Genealogical DepartmentBY LUE REYNOLDS SPENCER

Genealogical Editor

NOTE: All letters pertaining to this department should be addressed to theGenealogical Editor, Memorial Continental Hall, Washington, D. C.

Personal letters should be addressed to 713 19th St., N. W., Washington, D. C.

eAL1FORN1A'S contributions to our Li-brary comprise over 260 volumes and

is a remarkable showing for so young astate. Outstanding among these are thefollowing: 1 each pertaining to the countiesof Butte, Calaveras, Colusa, Contra Costa,Fresno, Imperial, Inyo, Kern, King, Lassen,Mariposa, Merced, Nevada, Placer, SanJose, Tuolumne Yola; 2 volumes each ofAmador, HumbOlt, Mann, Orange, Stan-islaus, and Tulare; 3 volumes each of Lake,Mendocino, Monterey, Riverside, Napa,San Luis Obispo, Solano, and Ventura;4 each of San Bernardino, San Diego, SanJoaquin, Santa Clara, Santa Cruz; 6 ofSacramento; 7 of Alameda; 8 of Santa Bar-bara; 10 of Los Angeles; 17 of San Fran-cisco. Eight volumes of the Publicationsof the Historical Society of California;Fray Juan Crespi, Missionary explorer onPacific Coast, 1769-1774, by Bolton; SanFrancisco deaths, 1848-1863, by Tamal-pais Chapter; San Francisco records fromtombstones in Laurel Hill cemetery 1853-1937; San Diego 1542-1908, 2 vols.,Smythe; San Bernardino County, 1759-1904, Ingersoll; San Bernardino CoveredWagon Families (newspaper clippings) ;Sacramento death records, 1849-1885; 23volumes of church records, Bible, ceme-tery, and court house records by the Cali-fornia Genealogical Records Committee,together with 13 volumes of the census ofCalifornia of 1852, which will stand asa monument to the patriotism of the Daugh-ters of California far more valuable thancould be inscribed in bronze or granite.We are indebted to Mrs. Scott Rountree.

of Piedmont, California, State Chairmanof Genealogical Records, for the excellentsketch which follows. From her letter wequote: "It just was not possible to list fam-ilies. So many came all at once that anattempt to list them would only result ininaccuracies, and you would be delugedwith letters of disapproval because some-one was left out.

"You can readily see, though, why it isso hard for many California daughters toprove their lineages. Those young peoplewho came out here in 1849 were not in-terested in when their grandfather married,etc., and when some member of the familydid become interested the data was hardto find. I think our "California PioneerPapers" are really very valuable for thatreason."

* * *

CaliforniaAlthough seven flags—of Spain, Eng-

land, Russia, Buenos Aires, Mexico, TheBear Flag Republic, and the United States—have flown over California soil, thephrase "California, the Child of Spain" isso often repeated that by many it is re-garded as a true definition. California isindeed rich in her legacy of Spanish ro-mance, and thirty-four of her fifty-eightcounties bear names of Spanish origin.However, this covers only part of theCalifornia story. To understand the peo-ples of a locality there must be some knowl-edge of its history.

In 1542 Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo set sailfrom the west coast of Mexico to explorethe unknown northwest. On this journeyCabrillo sailed the full length of the Cali-fornia coast and for the first time madeknown to Europeans the vast extent ofland to the north. Colonization did notfollow this journey.

In 1579 the English navigator, Sir Fran-cis Drake, in the Golden Hinde, ladenwith booty taken from Spanish ships,sought refuge in a California harbor, prob-ably Drake's Bay north of San Francisco,and took possession of the whole land inthe name of her majesty, Queen Elizabeth.

Almost two hundred years went by be-fore Spanish colonization in California wasconsidered important, but fear of Englishand Russian influence in the Pacific madeit seem necessary. In 1769, then, came the

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SAN FRANCISCO

SANTA CRUZ'

94 CHAPTERS IN CALIFORNIA

58 COUNTIES IN THE STATE

COUNTY CHAPTERS

Alameda 9Butte 1Contra Costa 1Fresno 1Glenn 1Humboldt 1Imperial 1Kern 1Los Angeles 32Monterey 2Orange 4Riverside 3Sacramento 2San Bernardino 3

CALIFORNIA

Shaded Counties Have D. A. R. Chapters

COUNTY CHAPTERS

San Diego 5San Francisco 6San Joaquin 2San Mateo 1Santa BarbaraSanta Clara Santa Cruz Solano Sonoma Stanislaus Tehama Tulare Ventura Yuba

3512111121

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overland expedition led by Don Gaspar dePortola, who was accompanied by Father.Junipero Serra. A tiny settlement and amission was established at San Diego.Other expeditions followed, notably that ofJuan Bautista de Anza in 1774, when SanFrancisco bay was discovered. By 1784,when Father Serra died, nine missions hadbeen founded. The work continued until1817, twenty-one missions in all being es-tablished, stretching from San Diego toSonoma, north of San Francisco. Settle-ments grew up, first around the missions,later in wider areas.The years which followed the settlement

of California by the Spanish constitute theromantic period. Life was simple, un-hurried, picturesque. Almost the sole in-dustry was cattle raising, and, since anunlimited empire lay at hand, the landholdings were enormous. Because of theisolated position there was absolute neces-sity for developing some sort of industriallife, but this was primitive.

Spain ordered the settling of Californiato preserve it for the Spanish crown, butfate decreed otherwise. The first recordof a foreigner wishing to remain in Cali-fornia was that of a young Irishman, Jo-seph O'Cain, whose parents lived in Boston.In 1795 he landed at Santa Barbara, butwas sent on to San Bias.

Nineteen years later the first permanentforeign settler appeared in California. In1814 a young man of twenty named JohnGilroy was landed from an English mer-chantman because of extreme illness. Gil-roy, a Scotchman whose real name wasJohn Cameron, was allowed to remain:In 1816, one Thomas W. Doak was

landed at Monterey from the Americanschooner, Albatross. He remained in Cali-fornia and was the first American settler.Doak was a native of Boston, born 1787.In 1820 there were thirteen foreigners

in California, viz.: 3 Americans, 2 Scotch.men, 2 Englishmen, 1 Irishman, I Russian,1 Portuguese, and 3 negroes. In 1821 theport of Monterey was opened to foreigntrade, and the number of incoming shipsincreased, most of them contributing tothe foieign population in California. In1822 William A. Richardson, mate of anEnglish whaler, was allowed to remain inSan Francisco. Another Englishman, Rob-ert Livermore, first settler of Livermore

Valley, deserted from an English brig.Gilroy, Doak, Richardson, and Livermoremarried daughters of Spanish families.The Californians now began to welcome

the foreigners—in small numbers—and toassimilate them, yet the laws were strictrequiring them to show passports. In 1828the Mexican government authorized thegranting of lands in California to such for-eigners as could comply with all the re-quirements of law. The Californianstreated the foreigners with unexampledgenerosity and kindness; they gave themtheir daughters in marriage and lands onwhich to pasture their cattle. The Amer-icans who came early were for the mostpart superior men; they amalgamated withthe Spaniards; their interests became iden-tical, and they did not, as a rule, prove un-grateful.

After 1821, when Mexico declared herindependence from Spain, unrest waseverywhere apparent. It was hardly to beexpected that a territory so vast and richin undeveloped resources would long re-main under the control of a weak andturbulent government. Early in the 19thcentury the United States had manifestedan interest in California. New Englandtraders and whalers stopped often at Cali-fornia ports and realized her defenselesscondition. The advent of the Russianscaused much worry. Shortly after 1820,also, the hide and tallow trade was openedbetween California and New England andfor two decades identified the interests ofNew England with those of California.Another factor which led to further d6vel-opment of this relation was the opening ofoverland trails and the discovery of newroutes by the restless fur traders.In 1826 Jedidiah Strong Smith led a

party of fifteen men from near Salt Laketo San Gabriel Mission, and he was fol-lowed almost immediately by others. Thenames of the Patties, Joseph Walker, EwingYoung, and Kit Carson are known to allstudents of California history. In 1836Dr. John Marsh, a native of Massachusetts,came to California and obtained a greatrancho. He wrote glowing accounts ofthe country to friends in Missouri andurged immigration. Three years laterJohn A. Sutter, a Swiss, established him-self at the junction of the Sacramento andAmerican rivers.

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The steady flow of Americans into Cali-fornia caused the Mexican government someanxiety, and in 1840 Governor Alvaradowas instructed to take a census. This censusenumerated 148 foreigners scattered aboutnear the various missions, not includinghundreds of others who had settled withoutpermission.The coming of the fur traders prepared

the way for the advance of overland emi-gration from the Mississippi Valley to Cali-fornia during the next decade. The firstof these overland trains, in which JohnBidwell, founder of Chico was the out-standing figure, followed the Platte Rivertrail from Missouri to Salt Lake and thencecrossed the unexplored desert to the Hum-boldt River. Eventually the party foundits desperate way across the Sierra andinto the valley of the San Joaquin. Itsmembers later established homes in variousparts of California. In this party wasNancy Kelsey, said to have been the firstAmerican woman to cross the plains. Thisparty was the predecessor of numerous kin-dred expeditions of settlers from the Mis-sissippi Valley. Some of them came byway of Oregon, some by way of the Hum-boldt and Truckee rivers, some by way ofthe Owens Valley, and others by the oldSanta Fe trail.

With the opening of the routes to Cali-fornia and the advent of American ex-plorers and settlers, the government of theUnited States became definitely interestedin securing this province on the Pacific.The war with Mexico gave the opportunityfor taking over the territory, and on July7, 1846, the American flag was hoisted atMonterey, though the formal transfer of theprovince to the United States did not takeplace until February 2, 184.8.By a singular twist of fate, only a few

days prior to the signing of the treatygold had been discovered at Coloma. Withalmost incredible rapidity the news spreadthroughout the world, and within a fewmonths the "Great Migration" was inprogress. Not only across the plains butby sailing vessels around Cape Horn ornorth from the Isthmus of Panama peoplepoured into California. Europeans whohad previously sojourned in western SouthAmerica now traveled north. Even fromthe islands of the Pacific came settlers.These were young men for the most part,very few with families.

At the end of 1849 the American popula-tion of California numbered nearly 100,000persons. It is estimated that during thatyear nearly 42,000 emigrants came over-land to California, of whom 9,000 wereMexicans. By the middle of May the trailfrom the Missouri River to Fort Laramiepresented a continuous line of wagons andpack trains. As the difficulties of thejourney increased and animals gave out,wagons, provisions, and property of allkinds were abandoned. It may be pre-sumed that many Bibles with their preciouspages, of family data were of necessity leftalong the trail.Most of the states of the Union were

peopled by a steady influx of settlers fromother communities. California, on the con-trary, was suddenly changed from a quietpastoral community to a mining camp. Agreat population poured into it from allquarters of the globe, all actuated by themost intense and absorbing of motives—the quest of gold. Some came to mine forit, some to supply the miner with the meansof existence, and some to prey upon him.Some sought fortunes in trade and in thebuilding of cities; others sought to reapgreat profits from the cultivation of thefertile soil. The farming class found alarge amount of the best lands in privateownership under Spanish grants. Thesemen were not disposed to submit quietly tosuch a condition of affairs and in manycases "preempted" what they chose to con-sider unoccupied lands, ignoring the treatyof Guadalupe Hidalgo. Colonel Mason andhis successor, General Riley, endeavoredto protect the owners of the property butoften without success. A great populationhad gathered before there was any regulargovernment to keep it in order. The betterclass of immigrants did not approve thesquatter method and strongly condemnedall such proceedings, but it must be re-membered that a portion of the early immi-gration was from the western frontier statesand of the class that considered a dead In-dian the only good Indian, and to whom aSpaniard, no matter what his condition ordegree of culture and refinement, was a"Greaser" and entitled to no respect orconsideration. At one time they undertookto drive all foreigners from the gold mines.In this movement Americans were joinedby English, Irish, and German immigrants,and it was especially directed toward the

NATIONAL HISTORICAL MAGAZINE [ 579 ]

Sonorans, Chilians, and Peruvians. Theyeven included Californians among theforeigners.

It is a tribute to the native aptitude ofthe Anglo-Saxon citizen for self-governmentthat even in the midst of such chaotic con-ditions he was able through his own initia-tive to devise ways and means of furnish-ing reasonable safe-guards to life andproperty and to insure some stability forsociety.On September 9, 1850, California was ad-

mitted to the Union as a state, and a regu-larly organized government began to func-tion. When the constitutional conventionmet at Monterey in 1849 plans were madefor a California state census to be taken in1852. For many years the original sheetsof this census had lain forgotten when in1933 plans were made by the CaliforniaSociety, Daughters of the American Revolu-tion, to have them copied. The populationby that time had risen to 275,000. Nativesof every state in the Union and everycountry of the world were represented inthis census.In order to preserve records of the early

families, the California Society has alsocompiled genealogical data as given bydescendants, copied records from familyBibles and from tombstones. Several vol-umes of such material have been indexedand bound. All this is most importantbecause the keeping of vital statistics inCalifornia was begun only in 1906.The theory of the slow westward move-

ment of civilization does not entirely applyto California. California had first itsSpanish culture, and the forty-niners atleast touched the fringe of its exotic qualityand its leisurely ways. The year 1848was one of unrest in Europe. Many French-men, largely professional men and not im-poverished gold seekers, came to San Fran-cisco in the next couple of years. Theytook an active part in the life of "TheCity", as San Francisco was already knownover all California, and made a definite im-pression on the growth of its cultural life.They were greatly aided and supported bythe very large migration from the Con-federate states.The New England group was responsible

for establishing libraries. Mercantile li-braries were on every hand. The New

Englander had a definite urge to improvehimself and his community. At no place inAmerica have all the strains of culturecome together as they have in California,especially in San Francisco.

With the coming of the railways in 1869California entered upon its present daydevelopment. As Robert Glass Clelandsays "Looking on toward the future one'simagination is scarcely bold enough tovisualize the destiny which awaits Cali-fornia. Looking to the past one sees ahistory, fascinating, romantic, inseparablya part of the great drama of internationalaffairs and of the development of theUnited States, made inspiring by the heroicfigures which moved across its pages andtouched everywhere by the elements ofgreatness".

MRS. SCOTT ROMTREE.

From a volume of Clippings from Cali-fornia Newspapers compiled by Mrs. JohnF. Miller, Chairman of Genealogical Com-mittee of Berkeley Hills Chapter, we quote:"The Daughters of the American Revolu-tion of California have presented to theState Library of Sacramento the first boundcopy of 1852 census records of the state.The gift is part of a project of the D. A. R.to save from oblivion delapidated records,and to fill in the gaps in information in suchrecords. * ' To get this informationthe D. A. R. women have hunted among oldtombstones, searched in old letters in atticsand cupboards, have interviewed oldpioneers and traveled to many out-of-the-way places. * 'For many years the original census

sheets lay sealed and forgotten in theArchives of the Secretary of State. * * *Unfortunately, the ink had faded and inmany instances the edges and folded por-tions had crumbled and, as a result,names and dates were completely obliter-ated." * * *From a list of names in this census of

1852 of California which is a gift to ourD. A. R. Library, we selected the followingCalaveras County names of some of theolder persons. The first column is thename, the second is the age, the third isthe place of birth and the fourth is theplace from which the person migrated.

[ 580 ]

Age—years Born Residence

William Graves 50 Vt. Mich.J. L. Beckman 48 N. Y. N. Y.M. Dooley 50 Va. Va.Mrs. Dooley 45 Va. Va.Charles Watkins 76 Md. Md.Wm. D. Bard 49 Pa. Pa.Jasper Little 54 Ia. Ia.Anna Little 52 Ia. Ia.Pablo Raol 55 Chili ChiliDaniel Latener 52 Ct. Mich.(His large family also listed)

N. R. Bradshaw 39 Tenn. Ga.John Kerr 52 Va. Mo.H. Hinkston 53 N. Y. Mo.R. F. Pope 55 Mass. Mass.W. T. Poot 65 Me. Me.John Riddle 53 N. H. N. H.H. Barlow 50 Vt. Vt.A. J. Amick 23 N. C. Mo.S. Davis 64 Pa. Ind.

It is, however, noticeable in these rec-ords that most of those on the lists wereunder thirty years of age, and were"Quartz miners,"—probably the "Forty-niners" of that day.

These books beautifully bound andindexed occupy a place of honor in theCalifornia section of our D. A. R. Library.Such is a sample of the work of the Cali-fornia Daughters to whom future genera-tions will owe a debt of gratitude!

"Old California in Picture and Story"by Stewart Edward White, gives in graphicstyle California of the Forty-niner, thegold-digger, the adventurer, the finder ofnuggets, and the finder of naught. In 1848the population was 6,000; by 1852 a roughcensus gave 269,000. It was then (only90 years ago) more remote than is now anyspot on our whole globe.As time went on, Ordinary Foreigners,

by which is meant English, French, Ger-man, Italians, and the like, were soon pres-ent in greater numbers than upon the ac-cessible Atlantic Seaboard. But here were,also, curious people from places ordinarilyknown only in geographies, the Moors,Turks, Albanians, Chinese, Chilinos, Ice-landers, Arabs, Hindus, Russians, Mexi-cans, and Spanish, of course, most often intheir native costumes.

That sketch is not an historical study,but an impression of a period when youthpredominated. It is beautifully illustratedand adds color as well as wonder at theremarkable California of today, where na-ture has been overkind and where peopleof energy and ingenuity have• developed a

NATIONAL HISTORICAL MAGAZINE

state second to none in beauty and impor-tance. Let all would-be invaders fromhostile countries beware!

Queries

Queries must be typed double spaced onseparate slips of paper and limited to twoqueries (a) and (b) of not more thansixty words each. Add name and addresson same line following the last query. Wecannot "keep queries on file until space isavailable." Only those queries conformingto above requirements will be published.The purpose of this section of the Genea-

logical Department is mutual assistance tothose seeking information on same or re-lated families.

Correspondence regarding former queriescannot be answered by this department sinceno information is available prior to June,1938, after which date all is published.

G-'42. Bolender.—Wanted parents of DavidBolender (Bollender, Bolander, Bolendar), wifeRebecca . Also David's Pennsylvania birthplace (possibly Lancaster). David, born October17, 1800; died August 18, 1860, in Canton, Ohio.Possibility that David's father was a RevolutionaryWar soldier. He received a land grant in Chester,Center, or Lancaster County, Pennsylvania. Mrs.H. W. Dickes, 4003 Ivy Street, East Chicago,Indiana.

G-'42. (a) Terry-Davenport.—Wanted par-entage of Miss — Terry, who married Davenport. They were the parents of Julius TerryDavenport, who was born February 15, 1780, inVirginia (nrobably Washington County).(b) Dolan.—Wanted parentage of Mary

Dolan, who was married to Julius Terry DavenportNovember 16, 1809, in Washington County, Vir-ginia. Mrs. Medora Hays Flick, R. R. 2, Man-hattan, Kansas.G-'42. (a) Dawson-Tinsley. — Wanted data

on Barton, Bailey, Fielding and James Dawson,listed in tax book of Spencer County, Kentucky,in 1824 and 1833, with land on Plumb creek.Were these men brothers or was one father ofJames Dawson, born September 1, 1805, probablyin Virginia (where?) and married Sara Tinsley(ancestry also wanted) in 1827 in Spencer County,Kentucky.(b) Holmes.—Wanted data on William

Homes (Holms) who was listed on tax book in1827 with land on Plumb creek in Spencer County,Kentucky. Also Spilby Holms with land on Simp-son creek, same year, same county. Elva G. Spear,Petersburg, Illinois.G-942. (a) Ayer-Nutting.—Want data on

Jonas Ayer, born 1810, died 1888, married about1834 Leah Nutting, born 1812. Resided in Au-gusta, Maine.(b) Heath-Willey.—Want data on Benjamin

Heath, born 1752, resided Fryeburg; married 1786at Barrington, Dorothy (Dolly) Willey (Wyley),born 1765, died 1850 at Conway, New Hampshire.

NATIONAL HISTORICAL MAGAZINE [581 ]

Mrs. May Hart Smith, 312 East G Street, Ontario,California.G-'42. Lanford.-Information regarding par-

entage, ancestry and Revolutionary records, family,James Lanford, moved from Maryland to NorthCarolina, married Miss Lowry. Fought in Revo-lutionary War while living in North Carolina.After war moved to South Carolina, SpartanburgDistrict! Had four sons and three daughters. Thefour sons married four Leatherwood sisters; MaryLanford married Thomas Leatherwood, went toTennessee. Mrs. 0. H. McCord, Woodruff, SouthCarolina.G-'42. Crenshaw.-Want ancestry of William

Crenshaw, born about 1760, married Sarah Baker,daughter William Baker and Mary Walton, Janu-ary 29, 1783, in Louisa County, Virginia. Livedin Albemarle County, Virginia, until his death,1829. Did he or his father or the father of SarahBaker serve in the Revolution? Mrs. E. H. Cren-shaw, Jr., Corner 2nd & Henrietta Streets, Kings-ville, Texas.G-'42. (a) Bell-Crump.-Want parentage, an-

cestry, Revolutionary records, family JonathanBell, born 1782, ingrried Judith Crump about1805, North Carolina. Moved Twiggs County,Georgia. Represented State Assembly 1814-15;1819 moved Wilcox County, Alabama. BoughtMississippi land. Children: Jepthah; Marthamarried McMillian; Thomas; Mary married Ran-som G. Blanchard; Sarah married McGuffin;Joseph married Martha Binns Jones. Want Jona-than Bell's and Judith Crump's parents.(b) Young-Mason.--Edmund Young, North

Carolina and Alabama, born January 3, 1785,married Ruth Mason, Georgia, born October 6,1786, lived Tishimingo County, Mississippi. Bothburied Booneville. Children: Mason, born July25, 1811; John, February 3, 1814; Joseph married1840 Matilda Bell; James married Josephine Bell;William; Joshua; Ruth Ann married John LynchBell. Want parents of Edmund Young and wife.Mrs. R. L. Gilliam, Route No. 1, Hot Springs,Arkansas.

G-'42. Benjamin.-Wanted parents and placeof birth of Charles Benjamin, born March 18,1805, died July 3, 1852, married near Troy, NewYork, on February 8, 1827, Julia Ann Van Pelt,born June 19, 1804, and died July 25, 1873. Theirchildren were Mary Eliza; Charles Augustus;Alexander; Mary Elizabeth and Hiram. Mrs.Robert R. Schafer, 308 Seventh Street, Fort Madi-son, Iowa.

G-'42. (a) Clemons. - Data re WilliamClemons, married - Peelman; residence Ven-ango County, Pennsylvania, prior to 1823. Ac-companied by sons William and John, he went toBel Air, Maryland, where son, William, died Jan-uary 27, 1827; William, Sr., died before April 1827.John married Jane , residence New Haven,Illinois. Thomas and James remained Pennsyl-vania. Thomas, printer in Warren, Pennsylvania,married Elizabeth Holt, nine children.(b) Bacon.-Data re Jonathan Ebenezer Bacon,

born June 20, 1812, Hadley, Massachusetts, mar-ried Abigail Worley, born Kentucky. Children:Eliza, born 1845, married Joseph Tibbs, son ofAaron and Mary (Wilcher) Tibbs, Bowling Green,Kentucky; Maria married Edward Mason (?) ;

William; and daughter married Houchin.Jonathan E. Bacon was granted land, EdmonsonCounty, Kentucky. Revlutionary War service onBacon line? other lines? Mrs. C. S. Welsh, 304James Avenue S. E., Grand Rapids, Michigan.

G-'42. (a) Darr.-Wish parentage of WilliamDarr'

born July 15, 1776, in Maryland, who mar-ried Sally Brown in Woodford County, Kentucky,in 1801, and John Darr, who married RebeccaShepher, June 3, 1805, in Frederick County,Virginia.(b) Parker.-Wanted the parents of Charles

Parker, born December 1781, and wife HannahWilliams, born February 26, 1777; oldest sonGeorge Duncan Parker, born July 3, 1809, inFauquier County, Virginia, later in GarrardCounty, Kentucky, and Marion county, Missouri.Willa Mae Darr, 823 South Main, Ottawa, Kansas.

G-'42. Johnson.-Wanted information, par-ents, ancestry, Revolutionary records, concerningfamily: William G. Johnson and brothers Peter T.and Thomas Tinsley Johnson. William G. John-son married Martha A. Phillips May 13, 1841,Richmond County, Virginia.

Phillips,William G.

(age 21) married Mary Brooke (Brooker) Jen-nings, March 9, 1864, Henrico County, Virginia.William, Sr., married 2nd Emeline B. -. boughtland August 1847 Henrico County. Mrs. CharlesH. Goldsmith, 9 South Brighton Avenue, AtlanticCity, New Jersey.

G-'42. (a) Archer-Allison.-Wanted parent-age and any information concerning EdwardArcher, who married Elizabeth Lecher Allison inMontgomery County, Maryland, in 1796. RemovedBourbon County, Kentucky? later to MonroeCounty, Indiana.(b) Allison-Lecher.-Wanted parentage and

information concerning Richard Allison and hiswife Eliza Lecker of Montgomery County, Mary-land. Removed to and died in Bullitt County,Kentucky. Daughter Eleanor married RobertRicketts; daughter Lilly married John Day; sonJohn married Elizabeth Higgins. Mrs. LorraineArcher Pargellis, 2010% Ridge View, Eagle Rock,California.

G-'42. (a) Cox.-Want parentage, all vitaldates and information possible of Moses Cox, whomarried Hannah Baird (Beard), natives of NorthCarolina. Had son Levi born March 18, 1800, inNorth Carolina. Other children: daughter m.Ebenezer Enyart; Louisa m. Leroy Wine; MarthaAnn m. 1st Armstrong, 2nd Demelville Tedford;Lewis Allan m. Caroline Baird; Francis Marionm. widow Sarah (Harris) Halliburton.(b) Moses Cox died in Barren County, Ken-

tucky, 1826. Hannah (Baird) Cox came to MaconCounty, Missouri, in 1842 with her son FrancisMarion. She died 1852 in Macon County, Mis-souri. Wish information on Smith, McGee, Baird(Beard) or Cox. Ethel D. Waddell, 932 NorthRollins, Macon, Missouri.

G-'42. Phelps.-Wanted information concern-ing Captain Jonathan Phelps and his wife Charity.Wish his record as a Revolutionary War soldier.Where is he buried? Mrs. Marion Andrus, Box111, Almont, Michigan.

G-'42. (a) Conway.-Wanted information con-cerning John Conway, employed by DuPont

[582] NATIONAL HISTORICAL MAGAZINE

Powder Company of Delaware during Revolution.Said to have been given land grant in New Hamp-shire for service in War. Seeking proof.

(b) Taft-Russell.—Want information aboutLabon Taft of Sutton, Vermont. Seeking proofhe was Revolutionary soldier. His daughter Sallymarried Samuel Russell, born Danville, Vermont,April 14, 1798. Was drummer boy in War of1812. Wish information concerning his ancestry.Mrs. Fred Hall Chambers, 1227 B Avenue,Douglas, Arizona.

G-'42. (a) Tucker.—Want information onSeth Tucker (prob. Connecticut), Captain 1804on the Great Lakes; lived in Black Rock orBuffalo, New York. A son, Haines B. Tucker,born March 2, 1818, in Black Rock, New York,died March 12, 1885. Son of Haines B. Tuckerwas Charles B. (Bennett), born September 25,1843, at Norwalk, Ohio, married Margaret MariaPrutzman.

(b) Clarinda Clark, born July 8, 1823, diedApril 4, 1874, wife of Haines B. Tucker, was adaughter of Lester Clark, Middletown, Connecti-cut, born February 18, 1797, died January 31,1874; and wife Esther Doyer Clark, born Cher-burne, New York, 1799, died April 14, 1873. EdithP. H. McCullough, 1626 Garden Street, SantaBarbara, California.

G-'42. Schovell.—Wish to know who ThomasSchovell married and how many children he hadand their names. Thomas was born in 1842; sonof Nelson and Clarressa Root Schovell. Mrs.George W. Cook, 53 North Main Street, Angola,New York.

G-'42. (a) MacFarland-Douglas.—John Mac-Farland married Ann Douglas March 28, 1757,at Christ Church, Philadelphia. Wanted ancestryof this John MacFarland and of his wife, AnnDouglas, and the names and birth dates of theirchildren.(b) Farland-Frazier.—Captain Joseph Far-

land (or MacFarland) married Mary Frazier May15, 1792, at old St. Paul's Church, Baltimore,Maryland. Want parents of this Captain JosephFarland and of his wife, Mary Frazier. They wereliving in Dorchester County, Maryland, in 1794,when their son, John, was born. Captain JosephFarland died 1836, aged 67; Mary Frazier Farlanddied 1831, aged 64. Mrs. W. H. Seamon, Lake-land Highlands, Lakeland, Florida.

G-'42. (a) Chase-Buffum.--Wanted ancestryof Asa Chase, born April 26, 1776, and his wife,Hannah Buffum, born in 1776. Did parents ofeither serve in Revolutionary War?

(b) Phelps-Burton.— Wanted parents ofTravis Phelps, born June 17, 1775, died May 12,1849, and his wife, Ada Burton, born May 13,1784, died June 13, 1829. Some .time between1808 and 1812 they came from Rhode Island andsettled in South Edmeston, New York. Lillian P.Stebbins, EarMlle, New York.

G-'42. Brown.—Would like information of an-cestors of my maternal ancestor, Mary (Agnes)Brown, nee Dewoody, of Gettysburg, Pennsyl-vania. Her daughter, Hannah Brown, marriedJohn McNay, May 21, 1778, near Chambersburg,Pennsylvania. Mother and daughter are buriedin Marsh Creek Cemetery, Adams County, Penn-

sylvania. Mrs. Elizabeth Tippery, Callensburg,Clarion County, Pennsylvania.

G-'42. Jackson.—Wanted ancestry of OliverFranklin Jackson, born in Kentucky probablybetween 1840 and 1860. He married SarahMinerva Hendrin, daughter of Thomas, who livednear Richmond, Kentucky. Lours L. Brooks, 242Woodland Avenue, Gardner, Massachusetts.

G-'42. (a) Dunn-Elam-Elms.—Lewis Dunnmarried Rebecca Elam. Want birth of each andmarriage. Did Lewis have Land Bounty in Vir-ginia Mil. District, Ohio? Issue: Spencer, born1804; Jane; Martha•

' Elizabeth and others. Ed-

mund Dunn, father of Lewis, married SallyChildren: Lewis; William; Polly Brown; BetsyWhite; Nancy Haly. Dunns lived Virginia, then •Warren County, Kentucky. Want County in Vir-ginia and any data.(b) Want Rebecca Elam's parents and their

residence and any data. Mrs. J. V. Hardcastle,Route 1, Bowling Green, Kentucky.

G-'42. (a) Sidwell.—Want names of parentsand other information regarding John Sidwelland wife Elizabeth — of Lancaster County,Pennsylvania. Had three daughters: Isabella m.Benjamine White, Ohio; Rebecca m. BenjamineWhite, Ohio (no relation to other man of samename) ; and Mary m. Enoch Berry of BelmontCounty, Ohio.(b) After the Revolutionary war Elizabeth

married in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, aRevolutionary soldier, Joseph Tomlinson of Phila-delphia, Pennsylvania. Joseph and ElizabethTomlinson and her three daughters (children ofJohn Sidwell) migrated to Belmont County, Ohio.Children of Joseph and Elizabeth Tomlinson: twodaughters (names unknown) and a son, DanielDodge Tomlinson, born January 1, 1816. Wishdata. Mrs. Alva L. Brown, Fairmont, Nebraska.

G-'42. (a) Richards-Estes.—Who were theparents of Esther Richards, born in Southboro,Massachusetts (?) ; died at Topsfield, Massachu-setts, age 100 years 16 days. Widow of AaronEstes. She had a brother Joseph Richards & nieceEsther Richards, who married John Dwinnel ofTopsfield. Niece died at Topsfield in 1837, age101. What is the Richards ancestry?(b) Turner-Brown.—Who were the parents

of Aaron Turner, born at Conoret, Rhode Island(?). He married Amelia Brown, born in Yonkers,New York. Had a son, Aaron Turner, born Oc-tober 26, 1832, at Westchester County, New York,who married Jane Gayley. daughter of ArchibaldGayley of Bronx, New York, and Stockbridge,Massachusetts. Mrs. Allan G. Buttrick, Lancaster,Massachusetts.

This department is experiencing difficulty insecuring suitable skeleton maps for publicationof these series. So far, those published in theOfficial Roster of Congress have been utilized, andthe number which indicate the CongressionalDistrict have been covered. In some congesteddistricts this has been impossible.From the many expressions of appreciation of

these historical sketches, we assume that a con-tinuation is desired. From states yet to be pub-lished suitable maps will be gratefully received bythis department.

NATIONAL HISTORICAL MAGAZINE [ 583 ]

Record of Marriages performed by theRev. James Guthrie, Pastor of Laurel HillCongregational Church, Dunbar township,Fayette County, Pennsylvania. (Con-tributed by L. Ethel Boughner, of GreatMeadows Chapter, Uniontown, Pa.)

(Continued from May Magazine)

114. 1822 Alexander Young of Ohio toElizabeth Ellis of Laurel Hill Ch.

115. 1822 Oct. 10-Joseph Torrance of LaurelHill to Charolette Stewart of Cooksto.

116. 1822 Nov. 28-Bryant Johnston to SarahEllis. Both of Laurel Hill Ch.

117. 1823 Jan. 2-John Porter to Eliza Lowery.Both of Laurel Hill Ch.

118. 1823 Mar. 27-James Paul Jr. to Polly Can-non. Both of Laurel Hill Ch.

119. 1823 Apr. 8-John Preston to Elizabeth Meri-atta. Both of Laurel Hill Ch.

120. Wm. McMasters of Mt. Pleas-ant to Polly Huston of Tyrone Ch.

121. 1823 Sept. 4-Benjamin Cunningham ofBeaver Co. to Martha Cunningham ofTyrone Ch.

122; 1823 Charles McLaughlin to MarySwearengen. Both of Laurel Hill Ch.

123. 1823 Dec. 25-Thomas McMullen to SusanGarlow. Both of Laurel Hill Ch.

124. 1823 Dec. 30-Alexander Cummins to Mar-jorie Torrance. Both of Tyrone Ch.

125. 1824 Apr. 13-John Cochran to Esther Bare.Both of Tyrone Ch.

126. 1824 May 5-Samuel Jorden of WashingtonCo. to Annie Soroat of Laurel Hill Ch.

127. 1824 May 25-Wm. Miller of Laurel Hill toGrace Gallaher of Connellsville.

128. 1824 June 10-John Martin of Cannonsbtirghto Eliza McMullen of Laurel Hill.

129. 1824 Aug. 5-John Porter of Ohio to RebeccaGipson of Laurel Hill.

130. 1824 Aug. 12-John Haslett of Laurel Hill toEliza N. Smith of Uniontown Ch.

131. 1834 Sept. 14-Wm. Byers to Anna McLain.Both of Connellsville.

132. 1824 Dec. 2-Joseph Douthet of Mercer toPolly Stuart of Laurel Hill.

133. 1825 Mar. 17-Robert McMullen of Tyroneto Christina Heron of Laurel Hill.

134. 1825 Apr. 28-Samuel McCormick to *Eliza-beth Greeg (Moody). Both of Con-nellsville.

135..1B25 May 19-James Smith of Ohio to EstherRankin of Laurel Hill.

136. 1825 Sept. 8-Robert Halliday to SarahRogers. Both of Laurel Hill Ch.

137. 1825 Sept. 15-Samuel Douglas to RebeccaCannon. Both of Laurel Hill Ch.

138. 1826 Feb. 14-John Cunungham of Alle-gheny Co. to Mary Torrance of TyroneCh.

139. 1826 Feb. 23-Win. Harper to Juliet Oglevie.Both of Laurel Hill Ch.

140. 1826 Mar. 16-Nimrod Hutson to MaryHerron. Both of Laurel Hill Ch.

141. 1826 Mar. 21-James Canon of Uniontownto Mary Junk of Laurel Hill Ch.

142. 1826 Mar. 28-John McCrea to MargarettDuff. Both of Laurel Hill Ch.

143. 1826 Apr. 11-Hugh Cunningham of Alle-gheny Co. to Susan Torrance of Tyrone.

144. 1826 June 1-Henry Irwin to Peggy Barns.Both of Tyrone.

145. 1826 June 20-James Jura( to Eliza Lincoln.Both of Laurel Hill Ch.

146. 1826 Oct. 26-James W. Craig to Ruth Wior-ing. Both of Tyrone Ch.

147. 1826 Nov. 2-James Grant to Mary Harvey.Both of Union Ch.

148. 1827 Jan. 4-Robert Patterson of Rehobethto Mary Rankin of Laurel Hill Ch.

149. 1827 Jan. 4-Robert Smith Jr. to RosettaShotwell. Balt of Laurel Hill.

150. 1827 Feb. 1-John Dickson to RebeccaClark. Both of Laurel Hill Ch.

151. 1827 Oct. 30-Samie Smith of Rehobeth toElizabeth Clark of Laurel Hill.

152. 1827 Dec. 27-John McMullen of Laurel Hillto Margaret Espy of Tyrone Ch.

153. 1828 Jan. 10-Wm. McGihaney to NancyLandis. Both of Laurel Hill.

154. 1828 Feb. 26-Frederick Barriclowe toNancy Dugan. Both of Laurel Hill.

155. 1828 Oct. 16-John Corbin of Dunlaps CreekCh. to Margaret Gibson of Laurel Hill.

156. 1829 Jan. 22-James Campbell to RebeccaHenshaw. Both of Laurel Hill.

157. 1829 Mar. 10-John Nicholl of Robstown toAlvira Smith of Rehobeth.

158. 1829 Mar. 29-Elisha Dickson of Ohio toMary Lewis of Laurel Hill.

159. 1829 June 4-William Greer to Nancy JaneBarricklowe. Both of Laurel Hill.

160. 1829 Dec. 17-Thomas Ellis of Laurel Hillto Mary Bradley of Middletown (Plum-sock).

161. 1830 Mar. 18-Joseph Robers to Jane Gip-son. Both of Laurel Hill.

162. 1830 June 1-Matthew Patterson to MaryMcDonald. Both of Laurel Hill.

163. 1830 Oct. 19-Thomas Junk to Mary Allen.Both of Laurel Hill.

164. 1830 May 4-James Bolton of Connellsvilleto Grances Gilchrest of Laurel.

165. 1830 Oct. 19-Joseph Torrance Jr. to Cath-erine Rogers. Both of Laurel Hill.

166. 1830 Oct. 28-John Ash to CatherineLeighty. Both of Laurel Hill.

167. 1830 Dec. 7-Samuel Vance of Tyrone toNancy Clark of Laurel Hill Ch.

168. 1830 Dec. 14-Samuel Russell to ClarissaTorrance. 'Both of Laurel Hill Ch.

169. 1830 Dec. 16-Hugh Torrance of Westmore-land Co. to Peggy Torrance of TyroneCh.

170. 1831 Jan. 27-John W. Blaney to Mary Park-hill. Both of Laurel Hill.

171. 1831 Feb. 15-Wm. Espy to Nancy Cunning-ham. Both of Tyrone Ch.

172. 1831 Feb. 8-Samuel Holliday to SarahCampbell. Both of Laurel Hill.

173. 1831 Feb. 22-John Wherry to Sarah WIhams. Both of Laurel Hill.

(Continued in August Magazine)

Committee eports

American Indians Committee

THE Indians Committee presents withpride the picture of Woodrow Crumbo

in costume as he appeared on the 51st Con-gress program. This young man told instory what he next demonstrated in masterlyfashion on his cedar-wood flute. Becauseof the outstanding work in National De-fense accomplished by the Daughters ofthe American Revolution, The Cessna Air-plane Company of Wichita, Kansas, granteda leave of absence to this important em-ployee so that he might be able to appearon our program.Among the many interesting exhibits

shown in the Indian collection at the Con:gress was an ear of red and black Indiancorn which Dr. Charles Sando has preservedin a block of crystal-clear plastic. Dr.Sando is doing special defense work on thePacific Coast, but Dr. Knight, Chief of theBureau of Agricultural Chemistry and Engi-neering, United States Department of Agri-culture, Washington, D. C., granted theloan. Our best authorities tell us that theIndian has been in America at least 10,000years and that to him goes the credit ofbringing this corn; Dr. Sando has dis-covered a way to preserve this grain fortime without end—an unusual example ofcooperation between the Red and Whitemen.The sales made at the booth presided

over by the Indians Committee during con-gress amounted to more than $525.00.This figure was surpassed only by the offi-cial photographer in total sales. The statesand chapters are also selling Indian hand-made articles, for these things make suit-able gifts for Christmas and for many otheroccasions. If assistance is needed write toyour chairman.A timely function of the Living Indians

Room is for use in connection with AirRaids.

Miss Constance Tahamont (TonawandaReservation) has just received word fromCornell University stating that she wasawarded the D. A. R. scholarship. Thisassures Miss Tahamont a four-year coursein Home Economics at this excellent in-stitution of learning. The two brothers ofthis girl are in the service; Robert is withthe U.S.S. Argonne, and David is with the

Cowles) Lrie Magazine

U.S.S. Wyoming. Also from this samereseivation thirty-four other young Indiansare in the service.

It is with deep regret that we note amongthe missing in action at Midway the nameof Brigadier General Clarence L. Tinker,Commander of The Hawaiian Army AirForces. General Tinker was educated inKansas and Oklahoma. The son, ClarenceL., Junior, is a lieutenant in the Army AirCorps; the daughter, Madelaine, is the wifeof an Air Corps captain, Bill Bogue; andthe younger son is in a Florida high schooland expects to become an aviation officer assoon as he is old enough. Before theirmarriage the wife was Madelaine Doyle.General Tinker visited his father, brothers,and sisters in Pawhuska about a year ago.

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NATIONAL HISTORICAL MAGAZINE [ 585 ]

Recently at Gresham, Oregon, the UnitedStates Employment Service gave an urgentcall for pickers to harvest the huge straw-berry crop. The Indians cooperated;especially the women immediately re-

sponded and proved themselves excellentworkers. This gives new opportunity forthese people to keep the wolf from the door.

MRS. LOREN EDGAR REX,National Chairman.

RadioHELLO FOLKS:At the Radio Round Table at Congress

held recently in Chicago, several interest-ing items were discussed, but one of para-mount importance seemed to be the listingof the duties of State Chairmen of Radio.I was asked to enumerate the significantpoints presented at that time for the bene-fit of all, and in order to be brief, I willgive it in outline.The State Chairman will plan a State

program, cooperating with the NationalChairman and National Vice Chairmen,help Chapter chairmen, and will assumethe entire radio program for her StateConference, for which she alone is respon-sible.The following plan is given the State

Chairman to carry out at her State Con-ference:

1. Consult with the State Regent anddiscuss the conference speakers and decidewho will be asked to broadcast. The pro-gram is in her hands from there on.

2. Make arrangements with local sta-tions.

3. Issue the invitations to the guests tospeak over the radio and have their repliesreturned to the State Regent.

4. Take guests to and from studio. Thespeakers are their guests at that time.

5. State Chairmen are to introduce Na-tional Officers over the radio when visitingher State. She may ask another to do it—but it really is her job.6. Besides thanking the guest speakers,

write a note of thanks to the stations.7. Have a resolution passed at Confer-

ence whereby the State Corresponding Sec-retary will also thank the stations.

The following points were listed as"helps" for Chapter Chairmen.

1. Plan a year's program (could in-clude National holidays, or D. A. R. Corn-mittee work).

2. Present it to your local station inorder to secure time.

3. List your radio program in yourChapter Year Book.4. Prepare a telephone tree for short

announcements or notifications.5. Secure material from Filing and

Lending Bureau and consult the StateChairman for material and scripts.6. Secure good local speakers.7. Ask your State and National Officers

to speak when they visit your Chapter.8. Secure a radio coverage map from

your local station and when you broadcast,notify all Chapters in the given audibleradius. This greatly increases the listen-ing audience.

(signed) AILEEN LANGSTON

(Mrs. William C. Langston),Special Vice Chairman of Radio."

It N4ts a grievous loss to your NationalChairman to be unable to attend the Chi-cago Congress and we were disappointed innot having a broadcast from the platform.However, our President General, and theIllinois State Regent, Mrs. Otto H. Crist,were guests at a studio broadcast overWMAQ, invited by Elizabeth Hart, whointerviewed them on her program.Many thanks are due Mrs. Langston, the

Special Vice Chairman and the State Chair-man of Radio, Illinois, Mrs. 0. B. Pace,whom Mrs. Langston calls a "whiz," andall those who attended the Round Tableand made the occasion one of considerableinterest.

So . . .Daughters

AdoptRadio

MYRTLE M. LEWIS,National Chairman.

Junior American Citizens CommitteeWe. Receive More Than We Give

"IF anything in the turmoil of recent eventshas disturbed your confidence in your

fellow citizens, then turn to the youngJunior American Citizens in your com-munity. Their confidence in their countryand in themselves, their enthusiastic pa-triotism, will be like a breath of bracingmountain air to one stifled by the sultryheat of the city.

That young people appreciate the privi-lege of belonging to this large patrioticbody is shown by this incident. One daythe State Chairman of S. C. received anurgent request from the members of "KingHailer" club on the Catawba Indian Res-ervation. They wrote asking that theirclub buttons be sent by return mail. TheGovernor of another State was to visit thereservation, and these young Indians feltthat the evidence of their membership ina J. A. C. club would give them importancein the eyes of the visiting Governor. Need-less to say, these buttons reached them onthe following day.

There is the touching story of a girlraised in an orphan home. One night sheran away, soon was caught and placedin an industrial school. As she had nofamily to take her, it seemed best to sendher to the reform school. While at theorphanage she had been one of the mainworkers on a scrap-book that won firstprize at Continental Congress. She wasintensely interested in the J. A. C. clubwork. When she found herself in thisnew environment—a place that no matter

how sympathetically conducted, is funda-mentally different frcm an orphan home—in danger of becoming embittered, shefound there a Junior American Citizensclub. She is interested in the club meeting—the meaning of the club program is a vitalthing to her. She has found something ofher past life in the J. A. C. club, and it hasbeen a "life saver" to her. During thewinter she wrote and entered an essay inthe state-wide contest for members ofJ. A. C. clubs. To the great joy of theState Chairman, the judges awarded theprize to her!A thrilling report comes from a club in

a mill village. This club entertained itsD. A. R. Chapter, giving a wonderful pro-gram on Defense Bonds and Stamps. An-nouncement was made that an essay hadbeen sent to the State Chairman to beentered in her annual contest. When thegood news came that Faye had received theaward, "school" had to be suspended, theywere all so happy, and the child had to runhome and tell her parents. As anotheraward, her father gave her a Defense Bond!Thus her success brought forth another actof patriotic citizenship.

If you, who read this, would like to havethese delightful experiences then organizea J. A. C. club, and keep in close contactwith it. Your interest will inspire theseyouthful citizens; and it may be that youwill find that those who give, ofttimes re-ceive in larger measure than they havegiven. LYDIA HERRICK BROWN,

National Vice-Chairman.

NATIONAL HISTORICAL MAGAZINE

Published by the National Society

DAUGHTERS OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION

ONE Year for $2

For the enclosed $ please send the

MAGAZINE for years starting

with the 19 issue to:

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Address

• TWO Years for $3

Member of Chapter[PLEASE PRINT]

Make all remittances payable to: TREASURER GENERAL, N. S. D. A. R.

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NATIONAL HISTORICAL MAGAZINE [ 587 ]

Motion Picture CommitteeMotion Pictures and National Defense

BY MARION LEE MONTGOMERY

THERE continues to be much of interestand inspiration to us for these war days

on the motion picture screen.The war as a story is being told to us

today in pictures. Some of it -c6mes in adeeply moving, unforgettable way—as inTHE INVADERS, MRS. MINIVER, THIS ABOVEALL.The best of American motion pictures

will be seen not only by the Americantroops in camps in this country, but alsoby the troops stationed outside of theUnited States.The expense of reducing the pictures

from standard size to 16 mm. will be metby the Industry and the picture3 will besupplied to the Army without cost.An official appreciation of this contribu-

tion has been sent to the presidents of thevarious companies in a letter of acknowl-edgment by Brigadier General Frederick

H. Osborn, Chief of the Special ServicesBranch.

With the many fine films already releasedand in production for 1942, it is a greatsatisfaction to know that our troops bothat home and abroad will be given the op-portunity to see them.The thousands of theatres in the United

States which originally pledged their co-operation in America's defense efforts, arenow or shortly will be showing the War-and Defense-pictures approved by the WarActivities Committee of the Industry.Among the subjects in circulation areBOMBER, POTS TO PLANES, FOOD FOR FREE-DOM, WOMEN IN DEFENSE, RED CROSSTRAILER, TANKS, SAFEGUARDING MILITARYINFORMATION, and THE NEW SPIRIT.The next United States Army Signal

Corps training film which will be producedfor the War Department by the Research

CAVALCADE OF AMERICAN HISTORY. MARCH ON, AMERICA!

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4.,

[ 588

Council of the Academy of Motion PictureArts and Sciences is PERSONNEL PLACEMENTIN THE ARMY.Two additional films for the War Depart-

ment have been recently announced byColonel Darryl F. Zanuck, Chairman ofthe Research Council. They are BATTLEFORMATIONS,—THE RIFLE SQUAD; andBATTLE FORMATIONS,—THE RIFLE PLATOON.

These defense short subjects will befound of interest to our D. A. R. Chapters.The titles and brief summaries are listed.Information about them can be securedfrom the Industry's War Activities Com-mittee, 1501 Broadway, New York City.They are available to exhibitors through-out the country.POWER FOR DEFENSE, National Defense

Commission; 10 min.BOMBER, OEM; 10 min. Outlines produc-

tion of a leading type medium bomberused by the U. S. Army.

WOMEN IN DEFENSE, OEM; 10 min. Partsplayed by women in defense, with com-mentary by Mrs. Eleanor Roosevelt andnarrated by Katharine Hepburn.

SAFEGUARDING MILITARY INFORMATION, Re-search Council; 10 min.

TANKS, Emergency Management Film Unit;10 min.Fourteen thousand exhibitors have signed

pledges of cooperation in the exhibition ofall the Victory Films. Watch for theseVictory Films at your theatres and cooper-

NATIONAL HISTORICAL MAGAZINE

ate in seeing them to the same extent thatyour exhibitor is cooperating in showingthem.'Warner Bros. has arranged a group of

its short subjects, three of which have beenAcademy Award winners, into a specialshort subject program which' runs sixtyminutes and has as its title SALUTE TO THEARMED FORCES. The subjects from whichthe program will be made are:SERVICE WITH THE COLORS, produced with

the cooperation of the United StatesArmy.

MEET THE FLEET, doing honor to the menof the United States Navy.

MARCH ON, MARINES, featuring America'sown Commandos.

WINGS OF STEEL, produced with the coop-eration of the Army Air Corps.

HERE COMES THE CAVALRY, filmed in Texaswith the assistance of the Army Cavalryunits.

SOLDIERS IN WHITE, first motion pictureportraying the heroic activities of theArmy Medical Corps.

THE TANKS ARE COMING, filmed at FortKnox and describing the training ma-neuvers of the rapidly expanding ar-mored divisions.Local Chapters of our D. A. R. organiza-

tion can share in their work for NationalDefense with a feeling of pride, with anindustry which has gone all out in theservice of its country.

Information Relative to Cancelled Stamps

July 3, 1942.

WORD has been received that no more cancelled stamps can be sentto England as heretofore, because of the lack of space available

in British ships. In consequence of this information the National

Chairman of the Conservation Committee has requested that the

Cancelled Stamp Project be removed from the Conservation Com-mittee. This has been done.This action, however, does not prevent chapters or states from

collecting and selling stamps in America. If they wish to use this

means of raising money for war work, for Red Cross needs, or others,

they are at liberty to do so.HELENA R. POUCH,

President General, N. S. D. A. R.

Parliamentary Procedure"None are too wise to be mistaken, but few are so wisely just as to acknowledge andcorrect their mistakes, and especially the mistakes of prejudice."—BARROWS.

Echoes from Congress

PHE Fifty-first Continental Congress ofthe N. S. D. A. R. is past history now.

While each and everyone, actively en-gaged in trying to meet conditions overwhich none of us had any control, andmake the Congress a success, I don't be-lieve that any of us expected nor hopedfor the fine spirit of co-operation whichwas extended on all sides.The serenity of our Presiding Officer and

her gracious and kindly attitude createdan atmosphere of peaceful calm. Hergavel was used seldom for the attention ofCongress was hers without the sound ofthe gavel.A number of questions have come to me

since I returned from Congress. I am verysorry indeed, I could not make appoint-ments with a number of members duringCongress. There was so much "doing" allthe time, so many Committee Meetings, andRound Table Breakfasts that it was notpossible for one person to take in every-thing. "The Early Morning Talks" on Par-liamentary Procedure were very well at-tended and I want to thank you personallyfor the letters I "have received since myreturn home.

Several have written me and asked whywe did "thus and so" at this Fifty-first Con-gress. May I answer these questions in ageneral way? It will take too much timeto answer each question separately. In thefirst place, the Constitution of the NationalSociety has a provision, Article V on page7, which states as follows: "This Societyshall hold an annual meeting at Washing-ton, D. C., during the week in which the19th of April falls, UNLESS otherwise or-dered by a vote of two-thirds of the entireNational Board of Management, which votemay be taken by mail, etc., etc." Now, thevote of the National Board of Managementwas taken by mail and a two-thirds voteof the entire National Board ordered thechange we made. Now, the questions per-tain mostly to why we followed up this onechange, ordered by two-thirds of the Na-

tional Board, with certain changes in the'program and the questions were, "Howcould we do that?" After all, there had tobe a continuity of action for us to hold theCongress at all and when we made pro-vision for the change for the ContinentalCongress as a whole, the natural sequencefollowed that we had the right to changeall meetings and parts of the programincidental to the Continental Congress. Itwould have been impossible, under thecircumstances, for us to have held anyCongress at all if we had not followed upthat first order of the National Board bythe necessary changes which were boundto happen if we held Congress at all.

There were two amendments offered toCongress; one regarding the dues of "AllLife Members," and the other provided forthe reinstatement of a member dropped fornon-payment of dues, to Membership AtLarge. Both of these were adopted by atwo-thirds vote as required by our NationalBy-laws. I want to speak now about "LifeMembers." A number of questions wereasked of me during the time of Congressand one was regarding the reinstatement ofLife Members who had resigned. Thequestion was "After a Life Member hasresigned, must she pay additional dues inorder to be reinstated?"

This looms up as a very difficult questionto answer and it would seem to me that itis something for the National Board ofManagement to determine, for the presentat least, and I presume this is a matterwhich we should provide for in our Na-tional By-laws. • The present By-law forreinstatement of resigned members makesmandatory "The payment of current dues,"and a Life Member has paid her "$100.00"at one time in lieu of dues and is exemptfrom annual (or current) dues to the Na-tional Society.A Life Member, seeking reinstatement in

the Chapter she belonged to as Life Mem-ber, may find that this chapter may notwant to reinstate her, and vote not to do so!

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[ 590 ] NATIONAL HISTORICAL MAGAZINE

The Chapter would be entirely within itsrights to vote not to reinstate her if theydid not want her back as a member. Ofcourse, the fact remains that at the sametime, her original Chapter had formerlyreceived her Life Membership fee.

If a Life Member resigned and was re-instated as a Member At Large or into an-other Chapter, she would be bound to "paydues for the current year." I understandthere are very, few resignations amongthose having Life Memberships. As I havesaid before, there are so many ramificationsto this question which are subordinate to,and dependent upon present mandatoryrulings, clearly stipulated in our NationalBy-laws. At the same time, none of themtakes care of the specific questions involved.

Robert's ruling is: "That a resignationcannot be reconsidered nor can it be re-scinded, where it has been acted upon, etc.,etc." However, we have a By-law (ArticleIX, section X) providing for the reinstate-ment of members who have properly re-signed in good standing. Hence, we, inour By-laws, do recognize the reinstatementof resigned members.I hesitate, therefore to give any definite

opinion regarding this matter and willrecommend that this subject be referred tothe National Board until such time as anamendment may be offered to take care ofthe reinstatement of resigned Life Mem-bers.

I want to thank Mrs. M. W. for her noteand I am answering her questions forth-with.

Ques. In case a niember has beendropped and it seems to have been the fault(unintentionally) of one or more officers ofthe Chapter, should the Chapter consideritself liable for all or part of the expenseof reinstatement?

Ans. If Chapter Officers are at fault orthrough carelpssness of officers, a memberhas been dropped, the Chapter should beheld responsible or the Chapter may see fitto hold these officers responsible. It cer-tainly is very unfair for an officer to be sonegligent that a member is dropped fromthe rolls of the National Society throughno fault of her own.

Ques. Would it be reasonable to askHeadquarters to consider the circumstancesof an apparently unavoidable delay inreporting a resignation?

Ans. A member is dropped because ofnon-payment of dues. If this member re-signed in good standing, sending her resig-nation in to the Chapter Officers in plentyof time and the officers do not record thatresignation immediately, they are not com-plying with instructions given on page 25of the Handbook and the Chapter is liable,not National Headquarters. However,there may be extenuating circumstanceswhich the National Headquarters, mayrecognize.

Ques. May a Regent invite a Chaptermember for a special reason, to sit in ata board meeting?

Ans. If, for any reason, you would liketo have a special guest at your board meet-ing, I see no reason why you could notdo so, unless the members of your boardobject. I do not believe I would invite anoutsider to be a guest at a board meetingunless I secured the consent of my board tohave this guest present. If this person hada message to give to the board they couldbe invited to come to the meeting and givethe message and leave. No Regent orPresident should invite outsiders into herboard meetings unless the unanimous con-sent of the members of her board is given.

Mrs. M. E. S. asks the following twoquestions:Ques. Why is it necessary for Chapters to

make By-laws to suit themselves when ourState and National By-laws Contain every-thing necessary for the ruling of any groupof people or Society?Ans. It is very necessary that Chapters

have By-laws of their own to help them inthe transaction of local business. Thereare many points of procedure that a Chap-ter may determine by itself. A Chapter isauthorized to have an initiation fee; alsoadditional fees for its own use. While aChapter must elect its officers and themonth of May is suggested as the time tohold an annual meeting, little else is pre-scribed for the usual routine matters andChapter activities. Of course, a Chapter isauthorized only to have those rules whichare not in conflict with the National By-laws. Chapters may fill vacancies as theysee fit. It would be very much better, ifwithin your By-laws, you specifically statedand prescribed the method of electing yourofficers. There is nothing new in a Vice-Regent stepping up to the Regency and it isperfectly proper to do so IF THAT IS

NATIONAL HISTORICAL MAGAZINE [ 591 ]

WHAT YOUR CHAPTER WANTS. Butany such a provision must be prescribedfor in your By-laws. I have been asked anumber of times about the question I an-swered in the April Magazine. If you willread that over again, you will find, I amvery certain, that I said: "I think youshould bave a provision prescribed, givingthe first Vice-Regent the right to becomeRegent, should there be a permanent va-cancy. The question was not whether thefirst Vice-Regent should move up into theRegency; the question was whether shewas to become Regent or,"Acting Regent."

Ques. Suppose those elected for dele-gates and alternates in November have notpaid their dues at that time, nor until Jan-uary the first. Are they still eligible forour Congress? Why elected?

Ans. The National dues are due and

payable on or before January the first.Chapter representation is dependent uponthe number of paid dues. There are thirtydays extra allowed for emergencies andfor special dispensation. Therefore, mem-bers whose dues are paid in Washingtonby February first may act as delegates oralternates. If you will study page 68 ofthe 1942 Handbook, you will understandthis provision and Chapters demanding thepayment -of dues early (it would seem tome) would not be able to say who waseligible to serve as delegates the next year.The time of payment of Chapter duesshould be in harmony with the rules andregulations of the National Society.

Faithfully yours,ARLINE B. N. Moss(Mrs. John Trigg Moss),

Parliamentarian, N. S. D. A. R.

SongBY GLENN WARD DRESBACH

Now more than ever we needSong . . . in tremendous night,

Sparking the blood—though we bleed,Winging the dream—while we fight.

Now when so many landsKnow silence bitter and long,

More clearly the heart understandsThe human need of song.

Now when so much sorrowBlinds the eyes that would see,

We must sing for today—and tomorrow—To the lasting victory.

Not that hearts forgetBut that they remember here!

Sing, Heart of the World, that yetWe keep things valiant and dear!

Sing that no armored heelCan trample song from the earth—

While in thundering paeans of steelWe march to the world's rebirth!

A Letter from Our National ChairmanDear State and Chapter Chairmen:Once again as your National Chairman it is my

privilege to write you, with the beginning ofanother year, I want to bespeak your continuedinterest and help in all that pertains to theNATIONAL HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.Not only do I write with grateful appreciation

for the work accomplished by each chairman dur-ing the past year, but it is with the hope that youwill bend every effort, to continue your fine workand, if absolutely possible, exceed your pastrecord.New subscribers are wanted and needed, for we

must build up our circulation.Important as it is to get new subscribers, it

is equally important to get renewals.If each chapter chairman would lay special

emphasis on this, and begin two months beforeexpiration date to get these renewals, it wouldbe the greatest help to us in the offices.Two things would be avoided which take so

much time: First, every expiration card has to betaken from file; Second, where renewal is receiveda new card must be made out. In addition tothis, changes, too, have to be made in list whichgoes to printer.None of these things need be done if renewal

could be received at least one month before expira-tion date.I don't have to repeat the importance of ad-

vertisements for they are the life blood of anymagazine.Your National Chairman has not given up the

hope that eventually every state will find it pos-sible to send in an 'advertisement."In these eventful times, I firmly believe there

is a vital need in our Society for the Magazine.We must do more than hope for the best, wemust work harder than ever before, for we want tocontinue to give you a Magazine worthy of thiswonderful Society.The report of the Magazine as given by your

chairman at the National Congress in Chicagocompared favorably with those of past years.When one considers the Magazine from im-

portant angles and the problems it faced at theoutset, taking also into consideration the strenu-ous days through which we are passing, I believeI would be excused in saying: "It was good."I have great hopes that by working a little

harder with a more earnest appeal to our mem-bers, we may present a report this year, of whichyou may truly be proud.

Let's begin our campaign now, do not waituntil fall, for every day counts. The NATIONALHISTORICAL MAGAZINE is the official organ of thisSociety and merits your special consideration. Inno other way can you get each month much whichshould be of great interest to you as a reader anda member.

It tells you of the activities of our PresidentGeneral, bringing you also a special message everymonth from her.The Genealogical Department is a very popular

one and very valuable. Think of the help many- derive from its queries and answers. Often justwhat is needed to complete new lines is unex-pectedly found there.

Committee and chapter news deserve your at-tention for there you may keep up with a variedamount of interesting activities, while the patrioticand historical papers open up many interestingprograms for your chapter meeting.In addition two pages each month bring news

of what the younger organization, the Childrenof the American Revolution, are doing.As a regent, officer or member do you get all

you should and about what this great Society isdoing when you do not subscribe to its officialpublication, the NATIONAL HISTORICAL MAGAZINE?I am convinced you do not.The June number of the Magazine was, of

course, the "Congress" number and reported di-rectly to you from Chicago by Miss Elisabeth E.Poe, our Editor, who went there for that purpose.Miss Poe brought you a close-up of the won-

derful days in that eventful week.It was a beautiful Congress and so much was

done of which we can be justly happy and proud,from the great National Defense meeting and won-derful reports to the marvelous pledging of WarBonds under the inspiring direction of Mrs. Wil-liam Russell Magna and the memorable VictoryDinner which closed a delightful Congress.

If you take the Magazine and did not attendthe Congress I am sure you will enjoy the Junenumber thoroughly. But, if you do not take theMagazine see what you are missing. So why notsubscribe now, beginning with the June issue.Your National Chairman, too, went to Chicago.

There she was met, upon arrival, by Mrs. Ivor'Jeffreys, State Chairman from Illinois and ViceRegent of her state.A most attractive booth had been designed by

her and awaited us in the Boulevard Room ofthe Stevens Hotel.Many friends came to see us and a lot of

new subscriptions were taken by our Secretary,Mrs. Tennie Selby Burk.As chairman for your State or Chapter won't

you continue your effort and try to get a newsubscriber to match each present one.We need your help, more than I can tell you,

for just a few people cannot do it.Even in these days when every one is under a

great strain may we continue to count on yourinterest and help for the Magazine?The President General and our National Of-

ficers are ardent supporters of the Magazine andbelieve in it.

Will you, dear member, be a "booster," too, forit. "Talk Magazine; think Magazine and takeMagazine."How wonderful it would be if our Chapters

would give the Magazine to their Libraries andHigh Schools.Give us your continued support which means

the welfare and success of our NAT:ONAL HIS-TORICAL MAGAZINE.With every good wish and again my grateful

appreciation, I am, as always, your friend,LOUISA S. SINCLAIR,

National Chairman Magazine.July, 1942.

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OFFICIAL MINUTES

NATIONAL BOARD OF MANAGEMENT

SPECIAL MEETING

June 12, 1942.

THE Special meeting of the National Boardof Management was called to order by thePresident General, Mrs. William H. Pouch,

in her office in the Administration Building,Washington, D. C., Friday, June 12, 1942, at12:00 noon.The Chaplain General, Mrs. W. H. Belk, offered

prayer, followed by the Pledge of Allegiance tothe Flag of the United States of America.In the absence of the Recording Secretary

General, Mrs. Schlosser, the First Vice PresidentGeneral, Mrs. Forney, was appointed RecordingSecretary General pro tem. Mrs. Forney calledthe roll, and the following members were re-corded present: National Officers: Mrs. Pouch,Mrs. Forney, Miss Chenoweth, Mrs. Belk, Mrs.Cox, Mrs. Campbell, Mrs. Gooch, Mrs. Murray.State Regents: Mrs. Creyke, Mrs. Stapp.The Treasurer General, Mrs. Campbell, moved

that 42 former members be reinstated. Secondedby Mrs. Cooch. Adopted.The Registrar General, Mrs. Cooch, read her

report.Report of Registrar General

I have the honor to submit the following reportof the work of this office since my last report:

Number of applications verified . 382Number of supplementals verified 173

Total number of papers verified 555

This brings the present membership to over145,000.While we have tried to stress, in the letters

sent to the State and Chapter Registrars, the im-portance of having the papers complete whenthey are sent to us, both as to attestations andendorsements and also in the matter of names,dates and proofs for the lineage, we are sorry tohave to report that many of the applications nowbeing received are lacking on these respectivepoints. We are therefore earnestly asking the co-operation of the chapters in these matters.We find that in 1940 we admitted 6,209 mem-

bers; in 1941 there were 6,470; while the numberthis year is 6,825. This, as you will note, is anincrease of several hundred.I am very appreciative of the response being

made by the various states in the matter of themicrofilms of the Census records, as these are ofthe greatest use in fesearch and will be a valu-able and helpful addition to the resources of ourLibrary. The Kansas Daughters are giving themicrofilms of their state in honor of Mrs. Berger,their state regent. Minnesota has given 1860

and 1870 Census microfilms and is accumulatingthe amount necessary for the 1850 and 1880 micro-films, and Maryland has 'given the 1850, 1860, and1870 Census microfilms.We would like especially to have the microfilms

for the year 1880, because there is so much redtape involved in seeing these records at the Cen-sus Bureau.The price of the various schedules of the census

microfilms is to be found in the March numberof the Magazine, page 220, and we would call at-tention to the fact that the amount donated bythe National Society is 10% of the amount given,not 10% of the list price.

ELEANOR B. COOCH,Registrar General,

• N. S. D. A. R.

Mrs. Cooch moved that the 382 applicants whoserecords have been verified by the Registrar Gen-eral be elected to membership in the National So-ciety. Seconded by Mrs. Forney. Adopted.The Organizing Secretary General, Miss Mullins,being absent, her report was read by Mrs. Forney.

Report of Organizing Secretary General

My report is as follows:Through their respective state regents, the

following members at large are presented for con-firmation as organizing regents:Mrs. Frona McKean Collier, Littleton, Colo-

rado.Miss Mayme Wheeler, Guthrie, Oklahoma.The Seattle Chapter of Washington, requests

through the state regent that "Chief" be prefixedto its name.The following chapters have met all require-

ments, according to our National By-laws and arenow presented for confirmation:Gen. Roger Welles, Newington, Connecticut.Jeremiah Howard, Great Bend, Kansas.

MARION DAY MULLINS,Organizing Secretary General,

N. S. D. A. R.

Mrs. Forney moved the confirmation of two or-ganizing regents and two chapters; and that"Chief" be prefixed to the Seattle Chapter name.Seconded by Mrs. Campbell. Adopted.The Recording Secretary General pro tem, Mrs.

Forney, read the minutes of today's meeting, whichwere accepted as read.Upon motion the meeting adjourned at 12:15

p.m. MARY H. FORNEY,Recording Secretary General pro tem.

N. S. D. A. R.

[ 593 ]

MRS. FRANK G. WHEELER,810 E. College Ave., Appleton, Wisc.

MRS. JOHN TILLINGHAST GARDNER,RFD#2, East Greenwich, R. I.

MRS. ROLLA ROBERTS HINKLE,1 Park Road, Roswell, New Mexico.

MRS. REUBEN EDWARD KNIGHT,907 Cheyenne Ave., Alliance, Nebr.

MRS. WILLIAM IIARRISON HIGHTOWER,North Church St., Thomaston, Ga.

MRS. JACOB FREDRICH ZIMMERMAN,14819 Main St., Harvey, Ill.

Mils. FRED C. Mo

(TermMRS. WILLIAM WESLEY BROTHERS

730 N. Garfield Ave., Pocatello, IdahoMRS. JAMES F. DONAHUE

2850 Chadbourne Rd., Shaker Hts.,Cleveland, Ohio

THE NATIONAL SOCIETY OF THE DAUGHTERSOF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION

(Organized—October 11, 1890)

MEMORIAL CONTINENTAL HALL, 17th and D Streets N.W., Washington, D.C.

NATIONAL BOARD OF MANAGEMENT-1942-1943

President General

MRS. WILLIAM H. POUCH, Memorial Continental Hall, Washington, D. C.

1st Vice President GeneralMits. JOSEPH G. FORNEY85 Spencer Ave., Lancaster, Pa.

2nd Vice President GeneralMRS. JOHN WHITTIER HOWE HODGE158 N. June St., Los Angeles, Calif.

3rd Vice President General

MRS. FLOYD WILLIAM BENNISON, 330 Prospect Ave., So., Minneapolis, Minn.

Vice Presidents General

(Term of office expires 1943)MRS. EUGENE NORFLEET DAVIS (of N. C.),

1005 Colonial Ave., Norfolk, \a.MRS. B. H. GEAGLEY,

1115 S. Genesee Drive, Lansing, Mich.MISS MARION SEELYE,

1105 N. Buckeye Ave., Abilene, Kans.RGAN, 326 Main St., Saco, Maine.

of office expires 1944)MISS LILLIAN CHENOWETH

1350 Meridian Place,Washington, D. C.

MRS. ELLY RUFF BARNES18 Wilson St., Montgomery, Ala.

MRS. GEORGE DUFFY, Orchard St., Fort Plain, New York

(Term of office expires 1945)MRS. CARBON GILLASPIE,

1505 Ninth St., Boulder, C010.MRS. HOWARD P. ARNEST,

4166 N. E. Beaumont St., Portland, Ore.MISS MARY CHARISSA WELCH,

40 Thomaston St., Hartford, Conn.

Chaplain General

MRS. WILLIAM HENRY BELK, 220 Hawthorne Lane, Charlotte, N. C.

Recording Secretary GeneralMRS. WILLIAM H. SCHLOSSERMemorial Continental Hall

Corresponding Secretary GeneralMRS. ELIZABETH M. COXMemorial Continental Hall

Organizing Secretary GeneralMISS MARION D. MULLINSMemorial Continental Hall

Treasurer GeneralMRS. SAMUEL JAMES CAMPBELLMemorial Continental Hall

Registrar GeneralMRS. EDWARD WEBB COOCHMemorial Continental Hall

Historian GeneralMRS. FREDERICK ALFRED WALLIS

Memorial Continental Hall

Librarian GeneralMRS. RALPH L. CROCKETTMemorial Continental Hall

Curator GeneralMRS. C. EDWARD MURRAYMemorial Continental Hall

Reporter General to Smithsonian InstitutionMRS. HARRY E. NAREY. South Hill Avenue, Spirit Lake, Iowa

[ 594 ]

NATIONAL HISTORICAL MAGAZINE [ 595 ]

National Board of Management—Continued

State Regents and State

ALABAMAState Regent—MRS. A. S. MITCHELL, 1906 Spring 1131

Ave., Mobile.State Vice Regent—MRS. ROBERT THORNTON COMER, 844 S.

41st St., Birmingham.

ALASKAState Regent—MRS. DONALD MACDONALD, Box 653, Fair-

banks.State Vice Regent—Has. Jonsi ELTori Yourt, Plattsburg,N. Y.

ARIZONAState Regent—MRS. CARL OTTO LA MPLAND, Mars Hill,

Flagstaff.State Vice Regent—MRS. EDWARD J. ROTH, 817 McAllister

St., Tempe.

ARKANSASState Regent—MRS. DAVIS M. Macs, RD#1, Proctor.State Vice Regent—MRS. CHARLES A. HAYNES, 410 West 2nd

St., Hope.

CALIFORNIAState Regent—MRS. FRANK EDGAR LEE, 415 7th St., SantaMonica.

State Vice Regent—MRS. CHARLES FRANKLIN LAMBERT, 2599LeConte Ave., Berkeley.

COLORADOState Regent—MRS. HOWARD A. LATTING, 18 Lake Ave.,Colorado Springs.

State Vice Regent—MRS. W. BARRIE HUSTON, 725 York St..Denver.

CONNECTICUTState Regent—MISS KATHARINE MATTHIES, 59 West St.,Seymour.

State Vice Regent—MRS. ARTHUR BEECHER IFFLAND, 724 So.Main St., Torrington.

DELAWAREState Regent—MRS. LANDRETH LEE LAYTON, in., 200 N.

State St., Dover.State Vice Regent—MRS. JAMES EDMUND FULLER, 424 W.

21st St., Wilmington.

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIAState Regent—MRS. GEOFFREY CREYKE, 3525 R St., N. W.,

Washington.State Vice Regent—MRS. ROY CLEMENT SOARER, 4415 39th

St., Washington.

FLORIDAState Regent—MRS. ROSY. SIDNEY ABERNETHY, 349 W. LakeHoward Drive, Winter Haven.

State Vice Regent—Mits. ROY FRIERSON, 3412 Gables Court,Tampa.

GEORGIAState Regent—MRS. STEWART COLLEY, Grantville.State Vice Regent—MRS. ORES DEWITT WM:THEN, 209 Dunden St., Vidalia.

HAWAIIState Regent—MRS. CARL BOWERS ANDREWS, 2356 Waolani

Ave.. Honolulu.State Vice Regent—Mss. JULIET L. DAVIS, Wailuku, Maui.

IDAHOState Regent—MRs. HENRY ASHCROFT, 1110 1St Ave..Payette.

State Vice Regent—Miss MABEL Comm' GUPTON, 1007 13thAve., So., Nampa.

ILLINOISState Regent—MRS. 0. H. CRIST, 7 E. Woodlawn Ave.,

Danville.State Vice Regent—Mas. IvoR JEFFREYS, 205 Franklin Road,Glencoe.

INDIANAState Regent—MRS. LAFAYETTE LEVAN PORTER, 600 Ridge

Ave., Greencastle.State Vice Regent—MRS.Marion St., Danville.

IOWAState Regent—MRs. T. B.

Moines.State Vice Regent—MRS.

Terrace, Sioux C:ty.KANSASState Regent—Mits. A. J.Stare Vice Regent—MRS.lard.

JAY HAROLD GRIMES, 157 W.

TunocEstoirrow, 919 45th St., Des

ALEXANDER S. ELDER, 21 Gilman

BERGER, Box 379, Arkansas City.ROY VALENTINE SHREWDER, Ash-

Vice Regents for 1942-43

KENTUCKYState Regent—MRS. GEORGE HAW ES, Pleasant Hill Farm,Maceo.

State Vice Regent—Mas. WILLIAM DAVID CARRITHERS, 1937Frankfort Ave., Louisville.

LOUISIANAState Regent—MRS. THOMAS FRANKLIN MOODY. 201 St.

Charles St.. Baton Rouge.State Vice Regent—MRS. ROBERT WILLIAM SEYMOUR, 53Vernon Place, New Orleans.

MAINE •State Regent—MRS. ARTHUR N. GOSLINE, RFD#7, Gardiner.State Vice Regent—MRS. LEROY .HUSSEY, 20 Bangor St.,

Augusta.

MARYLANDState Regent—MRS. GEORGE HAMILTON STAPP, 2411 TalbotRoad. Baltimore.

State Vice Regent—MRS. A DELBERT WARREN MEARS, 3102Hilton St., Baltimore.

MASSACHUSETTSState Regent—Mos. FREDERICK G. SMITH, 145 HighlandAve.. Somerville.

State Vice Regent—Mos. IlEaREwr E. IdeQttEwrEN, 104 HighSt., North Andover.

MICHIGANState Regent—MRS. OSMOND DORE HEAVEIIRICH, 1504 Green-wood Ave., Jackson.

State Vice Regent—MISS LAURA CLARK COOK, 172 HillsdaleSt., Hillsdale.

MINNESOTAState Regent—MISS NELLIE L. SLOAN. Chisago C'ty.State Vice Regent—MISS LOUISE BuRwELL, Minnetonka

Mills, Minneapolis.

MISSISSIPPIState Regent—MRS. HA NUN GARDNER, East Beach, Gulfport.State Vice Regent—MRS. CLIVE METCALFE, 204 So. Hinds,Apt. B, Greenville.

MISSOURIState Regent—MRS. FOSTER BOLTON MCHENRY, Green BerryRoad, Jefferson City.

State Vice Regent—MRS. JAMES A. WEAVER, BroadviewFarms, New London.

MONTANAState Regent—MRS. Lewis D. SMITH, 130 S. Third St.,

Livingston.State Vice Regent—MRS. JuLtas G. REITSCH, 323 Molter

St., Helena.

NEBRASKAState Regent—Mss. Roarox McDowELL ARMSTRONG, 645 So.17th St., Lincoln.

State Vice Regent—MRs. ARNO ALBERT BALD, Platte Center.

NEVADAState Regent—MRS. B. R. ADDENBROOKE, 867 S. Virginia St.,Reno.

State Vice Regent—MRS. W. J. ATKINSON, 321 9th St.,Sparks.

NEW HAMPSHIREState Regent—MRS. ROBERT F. CROSBY, Derry.State Vice Regent—MRS. EDWARD D. Sromis, 112 Pleasant

St., Concord.

NEW JERSEYState Regent—MRS. RAYMOND C. GOODFELLOW, 115 S. King-man Road, South Orange.

State Vice Regent—MRS. EDWARD FRANKLIN RANDOLPH,Titusville Road, Pennington.

NEW MEXICOState Regent—MRs. JOHN D. BRoww, Box 644, Clovis.State Vice Regent—MRs. DAVID CHAVEZ, 130 E. Buena Vista

Ave., Santa Fe.

NEW YORKState Regent—MRS. STANLEY THORPE MANLOVE, 360 CRT.

penter Ave., Newburgh.State Vice Regent—Miss EDLA STANNARD GIBSON, 396 Porter

Ave., Buffalo.

NORTH CAROLINAState Regent—Mas. JOSEPH Sparsest SILVERSTEEN, Brevard.State Vice Regent—MISS GERTRUDE SPRAGUE CARRA WAY, 7Broad St., New Bern.

[ 596 ] NATIONAL HISTORICAL MAGAZINE

MRS. GEORGE MAYNARD MINOREast Meadows, Litchfield, Conn.

MRS. ANTHONY WAYNE COOK"WayIona," Cooksburg, Pa.

MRS. WILLIAM BUTTERWORTH, 1923Hillcrest, Moline, Illinois

MRS. THOMAS KITE, 1927192 Chelsea Place, Cincinnati, Ohio

Miss. fount LAIDLAW Huai, 1933Litchfield, Conn.

MRS. HENRY BOURNE JOY, 1935299 Lake Shore Road,Grosse Pointe Farms, Mich.

National Board of Management—ContinuedNORTH DAKOTAState Regent—Mils. EDWIN G. CLAPP. 623 S. 8th St., Fargo.State Vice Regent—Miss. HARRY J. WIENBERCEN, 21 Sixth

Ave., W., Dickinson.

OHIOState Regent—Mos. ALoNzo HATHAWAY DUNHAM, 318 Graf-

ton Ave., Dayton.State Vice Regent—MRS. JAMES B. PATTON, 2215 BrydenRoad, Columbus.

OKLAHOMAState Regent—MRS. NATHAN RUSSELL PATTERSON, 1223 E.27th St., Tulsa.

State Vice Regent—MRS. RICHARD R. OWENS, 2229 N. W.25th St., Oklahoma City.

OREGONState Regent—Miss. WILLIAM BORSTAL!, 1007 S. Second St.,

Marshfield.State Vice Regent—MRS. SIDNEY EUGENE CALDWELL, 7637S. E. list Ave., Portland.

PENNSYLVANIAState Regent—MRS. WILLIAM STARK TommiNs, 116 Man.

over St., Wilkes-Barre.State Vice Regent—MRS. CLINTON DAVID HIGHT, 222 W.

7th St., Erie. '

PHILIPPINE ISLANDSState Regent—Mrss RUTH BRADLEY SHELDON, 1903 N. 49th

St., Milwaukee, Wisc.State Vice Regent—Miss. MABEL R. CARLSON, I'. 0. Box2137, Manila.

RHODE ISLANDState Regent—MRS. T. FREDERICK CHASE, 209 Point St.,Providence.

State Vice Regent—MRS. HOWARD B. GORHAM, 290 DoyleAve.. Providence.

SOUTH CAROLINAState Regent—MRS. MARSHALL PINCKNEY ORR,. 725 W.Market St., Anderson.

State Vice Regent—MRS. E. C. VONTRESCKOW, Camden.

SOUTH DAKOTAState Regent--Miss. DEAN WADE LOUCKS, 410 W. Capitol

Ave., Pierre.State Vice Regent—Miss. JOHN A. WILsoN, 10 5th Ave.,

N. W., Aberdeen.

TENNESSEEState Regent—MRS. WILLIAM HARDIE LAMBETH, ShepardPlace, Belle Meade Park, Nashville.

State Vice Regent—MRS. WILLIAM BENToN CARLEN, Cooke-ville.

TEXASState Regent—Mas. Enwtiv STANTON LAM:VIERS, P. 0. Box 5,Alamo.

State Vice Regent—Mao. Gus LEE FORD, 3412 Haynie Ave.,Dallas.

UTAHState Regent—MRS. ANNE FLETCHER RUTLEDGE, 265 151 AVE..

Salt Lake City.State Vice Regent—MRS. DAVID L. PARMLEY, 6 Fouts Apts.,

Price.

VERMONTState Regent—MRS. BIRNEY BATCHELLER, Wallingford.State Vice Regent—MRS. DONALD SPEARS ARNOLD, Bethel.

VIRGINIAState Regent—MRS. BRUCE 13. REYNOLDS, Biol Bldg., Uni-

versity P. 0., Charlottesville.State Vice Regent—MRS. FRANK G. BERRYMAN, Smithfield.

WASHINGTONSlate RegeRt—MRS. STARR SHERMAN, 709 University AVE.,

Walla Walla.State Vice Regent—MRS. PAUL BILLINGSLEY, Stillwaters,Burton.

WEST VIRGINIAState Regent—MRS. WILSON H. S. WHITE, Box 65, Shep-

herdstown.State Vice Regent—Miss. MILLARD T. SISLER, 301 WagnerRoad Morgantown.

WISCONSINState Regent—MRS. VINCENT W. Kocu, 1009 Oakland Ave.,

Janesville.State Vice Regent—MISS MARGARET HELEN GOODWIN, 745Church St., Beloit.

WYOMINGState Regent—MRS. FRED L. WALES, Thermopolis.State Vice Regent—Mas. IRVING EUGENE CLARK, 912 S.

Wolcott St., Casper.

CANAL ZONEMiss. DONALD E. DENT, Box 202, Balboa Heights (ChapterRegent).

CHINAState Regent—Mm. HoLLis A. WILBUR, 291 S. Marengo

Ave., Pasadena.State Vice Regent—MRS. ROY P. ROBERTS. P. O. Box 138,

Montrose, Colorado.

CUBAState Regent—MRS. EDWARD G. HARRIS, The Argonne,

1629 Columbia Rd., Washington, D. C.State Vice Regent—Miss. Guiana A. CURRY, Calle Primera,

Iy San Antonio, LaLisa, Mariana°, Havana.

ENGLANDState Regent—MRS. THEODORE W. LutaNc, Newlands, 19Dover Park Drive, Roehampton, London, S.W. 15.

State Vice Regent—MRS. NATHANIEL PENISTONE DAVIS, Box614, Woodstown, N. J.

FRANCEState Regent—MRS. CHARLES CLAIRE PERRIN, 30 El CerritoRoad, San Mateo, Calif.

State Vice Regent—Vacant.

PUERTO RICO• Mas. JULIO MERCADO, 3 Calle Cordero, Santurce (Chapter

Regent).

HONORARY OFFICERS ELECTED FOR LIFE

Honorary Presidents General

MRS. GRACE L. H. BROSSEAUNorth St., Greenwich, Conn.

MRS. LOWELL FLETCHER HOBART2912 Vernon Place, Cincinnati, Ohio

MRS. RUSSELL WILLIAM MAGNA178 Madison Ave., Holyoke, Mass.

Honorary Vice Presidents General

MRS. HOWARD L. HODGKINS, 19351821 Kalorama Rd., Washington, D. C.

MRS. CHARLES BEACH BOOTHE, 19382036 Oak St., South Pasadena, Calif.

Miss. Wm. N. REYNOLDS, 1938"Tanglewood", Winston•Salem, N. C.

Miss. Jamas B. CRANKSHAW, 19393128 Fairfield Ave., Fort Wayne, Ind.

MRS. THOMAS J. MAULDIN, 1942Pickens, South Carolina.

MRS. WILLIAM A. BECKER77 Prospect St., Summit, N. J.

MRS. HENRY M. ROBERT, Jo.53 Southgate Ave., Annapolis, Md.

MRS. EDMUND P. MOODY, 19391106 Jefferson Street,Wilmington, Del.

MRS. GERARD L. SCHUYLER, 19401420 Logan St., Denver, Colo.

MRS. WILLIAM VAUGHT, 1940908 Main St., Point Pleasant, W. Va.

MRS. FRANK M. Dior, 1941"Dunmovin," Cambridge, Md.

HONORARY MEMBERS OF THE NATIONAL SOCIETY

REAL DAUGHTERS OF MEN WHO SERVED IN THE WAR FOR INDEPENDENCE

MRS. ANNIE KNIGHT GREGORY, 608 Packer St., Williamsport, Pa. Mas. CAROLINE P. RANDALL, Claremont, New Hampshire.

NATIONAL HISTORICAL MAGAZINE [ 597 I

National Society Children of the American Revolution

Memorial Continental Hall

Washington, D. C.

National PresidentMRS. LOUISE MOSELEY HEATON

National ChaplainMRS. HENRY BOURNE JOY

National Recording SecretaryMRS. CHARLES CARROLL HAIG

National Organizing SecretaryMRS. CARL H. GIROUX

National Corresponding SecretaryMRS. B. HARRISON LINGO

National TreasurerMRS. RAY E. BROWN

National RegistrarMRS. CATHERINE B. STRONG

National Assistant RegistrarMRS. W. J. CLEARMAN

National HistorianMRS. HARRY MELVILLE HOWARD

National Librarian-CuratorMRS. EDMUND BURKE BALL

National Vice Presidents

MRS. SIDNEY H. MINER (Conn.)MRS. HAROLD BROOKS CARDNER (N. Y.)MRS. WILLARD I. KIMM (N. J.)MRS. HUBERT PATTERSON (N. C.)MISS LOLA WILSON (S. C.)

MRS. JOSIAH A. VAN ORSDELMRS. PERCY EDWARDS QUINMRS. SAMUEL SHAW ARENTZ

MRS. ALBERT E. JENNER, JR. (III.)MRS. REUBEN KNIGHT (Neb.)MRS. RICHARD N. GRAMMER (Texas)MRS. FRANK ELERY ANDREWS (New Mexico)MRS. HOWARD P. ARNEST (Oregon)

Honorary National Presidents

MRS. C. A. SwANN SINCLAIRMRS. WILLIAM H. POUCHMRS. JOHN MORRISON KERR

Honorary National Vice Presidents

MRS. WILLIAM H. POUCH, President General, D. A. R.MR. G. RIDGELY SAPPINGTON, President General, S. A. R.

(Elected for five years)MRS. LARZ ANDERSON, Mass., 1937 MRS. HORACE TOWNER, Iowa, 1940MISS MARGARET LOTHROP, Calif., 1937 MRS. LAWRENCE H. QUIROLLO, Calif., 1939MRS. FRANK S. RAY, Maryland, 1941 MRS. CHARLES S. GROVES, D. C., 1940

D. A. R. SCHOOLS

KATE DUNCAN SMITH D. A. R. SCHOOL .. Mr. Marvin 0. Baxter Grant, AlabamaTAMASSEE D. A. R. SCHOOL Mr. Ralph H. Cain Tamassee, South Carolina ,

APPROVED SCHOOLS AND COLLEGES

*AMERICAN INTERNATIONAL COLLEGE Dr. C. S. McCown Springfield, Massachusetts*BEFtEA COLLEGE Dr. Francis S. Hutchins Berea, KentuckyTHE BERRY SCHOOLS Mount Berry, GeorgiaBLUE RIDGE INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL Dr. George P. Mayo Bris, VirginiaCARE CREEK COMMUNITY CENTER, INC. ...Mr. IV. T. Francis Carr Creek, KentuckyCROSSNORE SCHOOL Dr. Mary Martin Sloop Crossnore, North CarolinaHILLSIDE SCHOOL, INC. Mr. Lemuel Sanford Marlborough, MassachusettsHINDMAN SETTLEMENT SCHOOL Miss May Stone Hindman, Kentucky*LINCOLN MEMORIAL UNIVERSITY Dr. Stewart IV. McClelland Harrogate, Tennessee*MARYVILLE COLLEGE Miss Clemmie I. Henry Maryville, Tennessee*NORTHLAND COLLEGE Dr. J. D. Brownell Ashland, WisconsinPINE MOUNTAIN SETTLEMENT SCHOOL Mr. Glyn A. Morris Pine Mountain, Kentucky• These are the College,

[ 598 NATIONAL HISTORICAL MAGAZINE

National Chairmen of National CommitteesCommittee Chairman and Address

Advancement of American Music. . . MRS. WALTER M. BERRY, Rt. 5, Box 870, Memphis, Tenn.American Indians Alns. LOREN EDGAR REX, 310 E. Elm St., Wichita, Kan.Americanism Mils. HORACE JACKSON GARY, 602 W. 27th St., Kearney, Nebr.Approved Schools MISS HARRIET SIMONS, 301 Division St., Marshall, Mich.Caroline E. Holt Scholarship F I . . Miss RUTH BRADLEY SHELDON, 1903 N. 49th St., Milwaukee,

Wis.Conservation Miss EMELINE A. STREET, 259 Canner St., New Haven, Conn.American Red Cross Vice-Chairman in Charge—(Sub-committee under Conserva-

tion) Mils. B. H. GEAGLEY, 1115 S. Genesee Drive, Lansing,Mich.

Correct Use of the Flag MISS ELIZABETH M. BARNES, The Kennedy-Warren, Wash-ington, D. C.

D. A. R. Good Citizenship Pilgrimage. MRS. JOHN T. GARDNER, R. F. D. No. 2, East Greenwich, R. I.D. A. R. Manual for Citizenship MISS HELEN M. MCMACKIN, 413 N. Broadway, Salem, Ill.D. A. R. Museum MRS. C. EDWARD MURRAY (of Trenton, N. J.), Memorial

Continental Hall, Washington, D. C.D. A. R. Student Loan Fund MRS. EUGENE NORFLEET DAVIS, 1005 Colonial Ave., Norfolk,

Va.Ellis Island—Angel Island MRS. MAURICE D. FARRAR, 90 Hillside Ave., Glen Ridge, N. J.Filing and Lending Bureau AIRS. FLORA KNAPP DICKINSON (Of New York City), Memo.

rial Continental Hall, Washington, D. C.Genealogical Records . DR. JEAN STEPHENSON, The Conard, 13th & I Sts., Wash-

ington, D. C.Girl Home Makers MRS. ALEXANDER W. KELLER, 77 Pine Grove Avenue, Sum-

mit, N. J.Good Citizenship Pilgrims Clubs. .. . MRS. ARTHUR J. RAHN, 113 Hawthorne St., Lewistown, Mont.Historical Research MRS. FREDERICK ALFRED WALLIS (of Paris, Ky.), Memorial

Continental Hall, Washington, D. C.Junior American Citizens MRS. ASA FOSTER HARSHBARGER, 1114 S. Sherbourne Drive,

Los Angeles, Calif.Junior Membership Mils. FRANK L. Ilmuns, 3601 Kinzie Ave., Racine, Wis.Motion Picture Miss ETHEL M. MABT1N,4527 30th St.,N.W., Washington, D. C.National Defense Through Patriotic

Education Mas. E. THOMAS BOYD, 1313 Clarkson St., Denver, Colo.National Historical Magazine AIRS. C. A. SWANN SINCLAIR, 305 W. Braddock Road, Alex-

andria, Va.Assistant to Chairman, MRS. S. H. DYKSTRA, 4636 North

Spring Road, Arlington, Va.National Membership Mils. EDWARD W. COOCH (of Cooch's Bridge, Del.), Memo-

rial Continental Hall, Washington, D. C.Press Relations Radio AIRS. MYRTLE M. LEWIS, 80-90 Eighth Ave., New York City.Real Daughters MRS. J. IIARRIS BAUGHMAN, 518 Magnolia Ridge, Baton

Rouge, La.

Credentials AIRS. REX HAYS RHOADES, 3228 Cleveland Ave., N. W., Wash-ington, D. C.

Resolutions MRS. JULIAN G. GOODHUE, 705 Wisconsin Ave., Oak Park, Ill.Insignia Mris. F. BRADLEY REYNOLDS, 36 Avon Road, Bronxville, N. Y.Railroad Transportation MRS. Wimitta JOHNSON, 1739 No. Penn St., Indianapolis, Ind.

Administrative CommitteesCommittee Chairman and Address

Executive MRS. WILLIAM H. PoucH, Memorial Continental Hall, Washington, D. C.Board of Consultants. Honorary Presidents General, MRS. GEORGE MAYNARD MINOR, MRS. AN-

THONY WAYNE COOK, MRS. G. L. H. BROSSEAU, MRS. LOWELL FLETCHERHOBART, MRS. RUSSELL WILLIAM MAGNA, MRS. WILLIAM A. BECKER,MRS. IIENRY M. ROBERT, JR.

Finance MRS. FLOYD WILLIAM BENNISON, Memorial Continental Hall, Washington,D. C.

Mits. REUBEN E. KNIGHT, Memorial Continental Hall, Washington, D. C.MRS. JOSEPH G. FORNEY, Memorial Continental Hall, Washington, D. C.

and Grounds. . MRS. CHARLES CARROLL HAIG, Memorial Continental Hall, Washington, D. C.

MRS. JOHN TRIGG Moss, 6017 Enright Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri.I). A. R. Handbook. MRS. JOSEPH G. FORNEY, 85 Spencer Avenue, Lancaster, Penna.Personnel MRS. SAMUEL JAMES CAMPBELL, Memorial Continental Hall, Washington, D. C.

Auditing Printing BuildingsArt Critics Parliamentarian

Editorially Speaking . . .THE word "Independence" wins unusual"IL attention this year when our libertiesare threatened in many parts of the world.

I think all of us will celebrate the Fourthof July this year with a deeper realizationof its meaning and of the independence andfreedom which should mean so much to all.

But that independence and that freedomcan only be secured by our contributionsof service and sacrifice in 1942 as in 1776.Freedom is something for which all of us

must pay and should pay with a glad spiritfor it is mankind's most precious posses-sion.

First of all, let me say that I have beenpleased and amazed by the interesting andvaluable material that has been sent inthrough the D. A. R. Literary Contest. Iwish we had space to print more of it.Much of it will be used, however, so do notdespair if your story or poem does notappear in a particular issue. It may meansimply that it is being held for anothernumber. If it is unavailable it will bereturned to you after this decision hasbeen made.In order to conserve space and paper

we have established a new set of rulings inreference to the number of words we canuse in the various departments.

State Conference reports must not exceedmore than 800 words in length and may beaccompanied by one picture.

National Committee reports may be fivehundred words in 'length and one picturemay accompany these reports. Try to sendin a report from your National Committeeat least four times a year. In this way thegeneral membership may keep in touchwith the work these National Committeesare doing.

Reports from chapters should be be-tween three and four hundred words inlength. If a good picture accompaniessuch a report it will be used, if possible.

We want material showing the work ofthe Society and told in a concise, newsymanner. There can not be too much of thisfrom which we may select the best for theNATIONAL HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.Above all, do not neglect to renew your

subscription to the Magazine when thetime arrives. Under a new plan we have-set up, you will receive a postal from ustelling you the date on which your sub-scription ends. Won't you please renewit at once? Each subscription counts fora very great deal in these difficult days.Get a friend to match your subscription ifyou can. Join our Every Subscriber Get aSubscriber Club!

What our Subscribers Say."By vote of my entire household we

decided that we could not do without theNATIONAL HISTORICAL MAGAZINE and sokept it on our "Must" list of war timemagazines."

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"This is my twenty-fifth renewal of theNATIONAL HISTORICAL MAGAZINE and Ifind that it grows in interest year by year.We read it thoroughly each month and thenpass it on to neighbors of ours. They arenot D. A. R., but they enjoy reading theMagazine just the same."

"The D. A. R. Literary Contest" in theMagazine is attracting wide attention. Ifound the work of several of my friendsamong the winners."

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