Falling Behind 2008 an International Comparison of Canadas Animal Cruelty Legislation

8/2/2019 Falling Behind 2008 an International Comparison of Canadas Animal Cruelty Legislation

1/20

F BdAn InternAtIonAl CompArIson of CAnAdAs AnImAl Cruelty legIslAtIon


2/20

For more inFormation, please go to: www.iFaw.org

IFAW (Intrnationa Fnd or Anima War)

1 Nichoas Strt Sit 612

Ottawa ON K1N 7B7

T: 613-241-8996

Fax: 613-241-0641

aCKnowleDgements

IFAW wod ik to thank th oowing indiidas and organizations or thir assistanc in rodcing

this rort: Marc Massi, Robin MacKa, Richard Wintragr, Car Grn Dsign, th Ottawa

Hman Socit and Tri Cont Anima Rsc

IFAW 2008


3/20

summary oF reCommenDations 4

exeCutive summary 5

how Does CanaDa Compare? 6

1. Dos th gisation rotct animas rom ngct? 8

2. Ar stra animas rotctd rom acts o crt? 9

3. Ar wid animas rotctd rom acts o crt? 9

4. Dos th gisation incd a dnition o anima? 11

5. Is it iga to train animas to ght ach othr? 11

6. Is anima ghting iga? 11

7. Ar thr distinctions mad btwn dirnt kinds o animas? 12

8. Can ondrs b rohibitd rom owning or iing with an anima in th tr? 13

9. Can jdgs ordr anon ond git o anima crt to a rstittion to

th anima war organization rsonsib or caring or th absd animas? 13

10. What ar th maximm natis? 13

Comparison Chart 14

reCommenDations 16

ConClusions 18

reFerenCes 19

Contents


4/204 F a l l i n g B e h i n d : a n i n t e r n a t i o n a l C o m p a r i s o n o F C a n a d a s a n i m a l C r u e l t y l e g i s l a t i o n

CANADA IS THe ONly COuNTRy WHICH DeFINeS

ANIMAl CRuelTy pROvISIONS AS vIOlATIONS

OF pROpeRTy. THIS ReSulTS IN uNOWNeD

ANIMAlS, SuCH AS WIlDlIFe AND STRAyS,

BeING vIRTuAlly uNpROTeCTeD.

summary oF reCommenDations:

1. ecti gisation mst rr to ngignt

bhaior which is dnd as darting markd

rom th standard o car that a rasonab rson

wod s and dos not rqir th corts to ro

that ngct is a wi action.

2. Anima crt roisions shod rotct a animas

not jst thos kt or a aw ros. This

otdatd wording nds to b risd and anima

onss shod b mod to thir own sarat

sction o th Crimina Cod.

3. ecti gisation mst incd a car and concis

dnition o anima.

4. ecti gisation mst rohibit th training

o animas to ght othr animas and nab th

coniction o indiidas ond to b btting on

anima ghts.

5. A animas mst b rotctd niatra.

6. Th natis daing with anima crt mst b

incrasd, both montari and niti.

7. ecti gisation mst mak it an onc to ki an

anima with brta and/or icios intnt, whthr or

not th anima dis immdiat.


5/20

excv s

Amost r da in Canada nwsars cor storis o horric acts o crt

to animas. From hos cats catrd and kid in microwas to dogs draggdbhind cars nti th di rom thir injris cass o crt abond.

yt, in a shocking 99.075% o ths cass, th rtrators wak r d to

signicant faws in otdatd gisation. Canadas anima crt gisation

has not bn modrnizd sinc it was writtn in 1892 aing aw norcmnt

ocrs, attorns and jdgs at a oss to cti rosct crimina acts

o crt.

Manwhi, thr is an incrasing trnd goba to imro th rotction o

animas rom crt. Or th ast w dcads, contris a or th word ha

datd or nactd nw anima war gisation.

Ths acts romtd IFAW to ndrtak a comarison o anima rotction

gisation in Canada and 13 othr contris arond th word. Th rsts

dmonstrat that Canadas crrnt gisation is wo inadqat, agging

ar bhind man contris that rcogniz th imortanc o adqat anima

rotction aws.

Th rort xamins gisation rom Astria, Croatia, Grat Britain, Grman,

Maasia, Nw Zaand, Norwa, th phiiins, poand, portga, Soth Arica,

Switzrand and ukrain and comars thm with Canadas gisation.

Startlin acts reealed in te reort include:

Canadaranksatthebottomofallcomparisons;

Canadaisaloneinofferingvirtuallynoprotectionforwildandstray

animals;

Canadaslegislationdoesnotincludeacleardenitionofanimal

whereasothercountriesareexplicit;

Canadaistheonlycountrythatdoesnotprovideprotectionforanimals

beingtrainedtoghteachother(seeboxonMichaelVickpage11);

Canadaistheonlycountrythatmakesitvirtuallyimpossibletoprosecute

cass o ngct.

udating th Crimina Cod o Canada wi roid th corts and oic with

car, cti mans to rosct, conict and to otntia mitigat acts

o nacctab anima crt. It wi aso aow oiticians to rsond to

th orwhming majorit o Canadians rrsnting a oitica artis who

ar otragd b hinos acts o anima crt. Fina, modrn and cti

gisation to rotct a animas wi bring Canada to standard on th

goba stag.



Hw d Caaa C

This rort ocats and xors commonaitis and

distinctions btwn Canadas anima crt gisation

and that o thirtn othr contris arond th word:

Astria, Croatia, Grat Britain, Grman, Maasia, Nw

Zaand, Norwa, th phiiins, poand, portga,

Soth Arica, Switzrand and ukrain. Ths contris

wr chosn bcas ach has dra gisation,

dtaid inormation abot thir gisation is asi

accssib on th Word Wid Wb, and bcas th

gisation is aaiab in engish.

Th oowing tn qstions wr askd whn riwing

ach ic o gisation:

1. Dos th gisation rotct animas rom ngct?

2. Ar stra animas rotctd rom acts o crt?

3. Ar wid animas rotctd rom acts o crt

4. Dos th gisation incd a dnition o ani

5. Is it iga to train animas to ght ach othr

6. Is anima ghting iga?

7. Ar thr distinctions mad btwn dirnt

o animas?

8. Can ondrs b rohibitd rom owning or iwith an anima in th tr?

9. Can jdgs ordr anon ond git o anima

crt to a rstittion to th anima war

organization rsonsib or caring or th ab

animas?

10. What ar th maximm natis?

DisCussion


7/20

a?



Question 1: Does the legislation proteCt animals From negleCt?

Th Crimina Cod o Canada ss th trm wi ngct which rqirs

ngct to b a rodct o rdtrmind action. In a othr contris

riwd, th anima crt gisation maks car rrnc and roisions

or cass o ngct. Th winss o th rtrator is kt ot o th

wording, so that intnt or moti dos not nd to b rsnt or th corts to

nish crims o ngct against animas.

Examles:

In CROATIA, th Anima War Act rohibits ngcting an anima in trms

o its hath, hosing, ntrition and car (s. 16). Within th Act thr is no

rqirmnt to ro that th indiidas actd wi in ordr or thm to

b chargd with ngcting an anima. Th mr act o ngcting an anima is

in contrantion o th roisions o th Act and is dmd scint to ha

committd th onc.

In NEW ZEALAND, th Anima War Act stats that a thos who k

or ar in charg o an anima mst tak a sts that ar rasonab to

nsr th hsica hath and bhaiora nds o animas ar mt both

with good ractic and scintic knowdg. Whn animas ar i or injrd

thir krs mst nsr that th rci tim tratmnt to aiat a

nrasonab and nncssar ain or distrss. Fair to com with ths

rgations maks an ondr git o a strict iabiit onc. This mans

thatitdoesnotmatterwhethertheindividualintendedtocontravenetheAct;

th actions or inactions o th ondr ar scint to charg thm with

ngct.

In MALAYSIA, th iss o ngct is gisati addrssd in s. 44(1)(d) o

th Anima Act which bars an rson rom ithr wanton or nrasonab

doing or committing an act that cass an ain or sring or, as an ownr,

rmits nncssar ain or sring to an anima. Th wiingnss on th

art o th ondr to commit th onc is not ncssar in cass o ngct

undr th gisation it is on rqird that th indiida nrasonab

committd an act that casd th nncssar ain and sring o an

anima.

In AUSTRIA, th Fdra Act on th protction o Animas maks itrohibitd to infict njstid ain, sring or injr on an anima or

xos it to ha ar. Th roisions do not rqir an ondr to ha

actd wi in th harming or mistratmnt o animas.

In NORWAY, th Anima War Act stats that ngct srd b an

anima dos not nd to b don wi b th ownr, bt that th actions

thmss ar scint or an onc to ha bn committd.

O ALL ThE COUNTRIES

INvESTIgATED, ONLY CANADA

REqUIRES NEgLECT TO bE A

pRODUCT O pREDETERMINED

ACTION bY USINg ThE TERM

WILLUL NEgLECT. IN ALL

13 O ThE OThER COUNTRIES

REvIEWED, ThE ANIMAL CRUELTY

LEgISLATION MAkES CLEAR

REERENCE AND pROvISIONS

OR CASES O NEgLECT.


9/20

Question 2: are stray animals proteCteD From

aCts oF Cruelty?

In th Crimina Cod o Canada thr is no mntion

o stra animas. Th crt roisions on a to

animas that ar kt or a aw ros and thror

as stra animas irta nrotctd rom acts o

crt. Sra o th contris riwd dirct rotct

stra animas throgh a scint incsi dnition o

anima to incd a animas, domstic, wid, or stra.

Examles:

In MALAYSIAs Anima Act it is car in th dnition

o anima that stra animas ar aordd th sam

rotction rom crt njod b an domstic or othr

animas.

In AUSTRIA it is stabishd in th Fdra Act on th

protction o Animas that rotction is aordd to a

animas incding stras.

NORWAYs Anima War Act ais to a animas,aowing stra animas rotction. Th act stats that

animas shod b tratd w, and considration sha

b gin to th instincti bhaior tratmnt and natra

nds o animas, so that thr is no risk o casing thm

nncssar sring.

In CROATIAs Anima War Act stra animas ar

aordd rotction throgh th dnition o an anima:

a rtbrats.

Question 3: are wilD animals proteCteD From

aCts oF Cruelty?

As otind in qstion nmbr 2 th Crimina Cod

o Canada is wordd so that th crt roisions on

a to animas that ar kt or a aw ros

and thror a widi irta nrotctd. Tn

contris roid rotction to wid animas ithr

throgh thir dnition o anima or throgh scic

gisati roisions.

Examles:

In CROATIA scia considration is mad or th

rotction o wid animas. Th Anima War Act

rohibits actions that ithr scica tortr or rnt

an anima or a oation o animas rom satising

thir hsioogica nds or a riod o tim. Scic

xams ar istd that incd rnting accss to

watr or ssntia ascts o sria throgh ncing,

dstroing ithr in art or in who an ssntia habitat

or sria, introdcing ra anima scis into ahabitat and catring or kiing i animas in a wa that

cass nncssar or ngth sring.

In th phILIppINES Sction 7 o th Anima War

Act acs a dt on r rson to rotct th natra

habitat o widi. Th dstrction o natra habitats, or

th ros o th Act, is xicit statd to b a orm o

crt to animas and is strict rohibitd.


10/201 0 F a l l i n g B e h i n d : a n i n t e r n a t i o n a l C o m p a r i s o n o F C a n a d a s a n i m a l C r u e l t y l e g i s l a t i o n

THe CRuelTy pROvISIONS OF THe CRIMINAl CODe OF CANADA DO NOT INCluDe A

DeFINITION OF ANIMAl OTHeR THAN TO ReFeReNCe SpeCIFIC ANIMAlS SuCH AS

CATTle. TeN OF THe COuNTRIeS RevIeWeD INCluDe A CleAR, pReCISe DeFINITION

OF AN ANIMAl IN THeIR leGISlATION.


11/20

Question 4: Does the legislation

inCluDe a DeFinition oF animal?

Th crulty provisions o th Criminal

Cod o Canada do not includ a

dfnition o animal othr than to

rrnc spcifc animals such as

cattl. Tn o th countris rviwd

includ a clar, prcis dfnition o an

animal in thir lgislation. In addition

to th undamntal protctions aordd

all animals, ach o ths tn countris

provid urthr, distinct protctions to

spcifc catgoris o animals.

Examples:

gREAT bRITAIN dfns animals as

vrtbrats othr than man, in sction

1(3a) o thir Animal Wlar Act

which also taks things a stp urthr

by dsignating a national authority

to adjust rgulations upon scintifc

nquiry to dtrmin and includ

spcifc invrtbrats capabl o

xprincing pain or suring.

In MALAYSIAs Animal Act, animal is

dfnd as any living cratur othr than

a human bing including any basts,

fsh, rptil or insct, whthr wild or

tam.

In NORWAY th Animal Wlar Act

numrats a list o animals rquiring

protction to includ liv mammals,

birds, toads, rogs, salamandrs, nwts,

rptils, fsh and crustacans.

NEW ZEALANDs Animal Wlar Act

ctivly xpands lgislation to dfn

animal as any liv mmbr o th

animal kingdom that is mammal, bird,

rptil, amphibian, fsh, octopus, squid,

lobstr, crayfsh or any othr mmbr o

th animal kingdom which is dclard

rom tim to tim by th Govrnor

Gnral, by Ordr in Council, to b an

animal or th purpos o th Act.

Question 5: is it illegal to train

animals to Fight eaCh other?

Question 6: is animal Fighting

illegal?

InCanadaanimalghtingisillegal;

howr, an indiida has to b

rsnt at a ght in ordr to b

chargd. This mans that brding,

training and roting rom ghting

animas ar sti considrd ga

actiitis. Th othr contris stdid

in this rort mak anima ghting

iga and a contris xct on,

xicit criminaiz th training o

animas to ght ach othr.

Examles:

O th 14 contris srd, gREAT

bRITAINs Anima War Act

roids on o th most aggrssi

stancs to discorag anima ghting

and th training o animas to b

aggrssi. Sction 8 o th Act maks

it an onc or a rson to cas

an anima ght, to tak mon or

admission, to biciz or romot,

to inorm anothr rson, to b in

ossssion o somthing sd or

anima ght and to k and train

animas or ghting or to k a

rmiss or anima ghting and to b

rsnt at an anima ght. Additiona

th Act aso maks it an onc to

(withot aw xcs) s a ido

o an anima ght, knowing bish

a ido o an anima ght, knowing

show a ido o anima ght or ossss

a ido o an anima ght.

CROATIAs Anima War Actscica rohibits anima ghting

and th training o animas to ght,

additiona making it iga to s

tchniqs to incras aggrssinss

in animas.

SOUTh ARICAs Anima protction

Act and MALAYSIAs Anima Act

rohibit both th training o animas to

ght ach othr and anima ghting,

incding an king or managmnt

o rmiss or th ros o ghting,an rmitting or s o rmiss or

anima ghting, and an rciing o

an mon or admission or a ac

which hosts animas ghting.

Canadians were outraed wen NL star Micael vic was ound uilty o seeral

do tin related cares. In Canada Micael vic could not ae een caredecause it is not an oence to train animals to t eac oter, it is only an oence to

encourae, aid or assist in te tin o dos. In Canada do t eretrators ae

to e caut red-anded in order to e cared. or examle, in 2005 te RCMp and

te britis Columia SpCA raided a roerty and ound a do tin rin and oter

araernalia used or trainin dos to t. A total o 25 scar and wound inficted dos

were conscated tat day and later ad to e returned to teir owner ecause under

Canadas animal cruelty roisions a crime ad not occurred. In act, tere ae een no

conictions o any indiidual inoled wit do tin in bC.



Question 7: are there DistinCtions maDe Between DiFFerent KinDs oF animals?

Canada crats distinctions btwn dirnt animas, sch as catt, withot acta incding a dnition o anima in

th gisation. Othr contris do crat distinctions btwn dirnt kinds o animas, howr, it shod b notd that

th distinctions rr to catgoris or sb-gros o animas, man o whom ar aordd additiona rotction.

Examles:

CROATIAs AnimalWelfareActdistinguishesbetweendomestic,strayandwildanimalshowever;allareprotectedin

dirnt sctions o th Act. Comanion animas ar rotctd in Artics 47-50, zoo animas in Artics 50-52, circs

animas in Artic 53 and t sho animas ndr Artic 58.

pOLANDs Anima protction Act crats dirnt catgoris o animas sch as domstic animas, arm animas and ab

animas, howr ach catgor o anima is roidd rotction in dirnt sctions o th cod.

AUSTRIAs Fdra Act on th protction o Animas roids dtaid dnitions, sarating animas into six broad

catgoris o domstic animas, ts, wid animas, hood gam, animas kt or arming ross and oddr animas.

Sction 3 o th Act stabishd that th gisation ais to a animas with on a w xctions.


13/20

Question 8: Can oFFenDers Be

prohiBiteD From owning or

living with an animal in the

Future?

In Canada oenders can e roiited

rom ownin or liin wit an animal

or maximum o two years. Tis is te

sortest maximum roision o te

countries wit roiitions. Seen

o te countries reiewed allow or

lietime roiitions o ownin animals.

Examles:

In AUSTRIAs ederal Act on te

protection o Animals, a ersonconicted o cruelty to animals can e

roiited rom eein all or certain

secies o animals indenitely.

In gREAT bRITAIN te Animal Welare

Act, under certain circumstances, can

disualiy an oender rom ownin,

eein, articiatin in eein

animals, or rom ein arty to an

arranement under wic te oender

is entitled to control or infuence te

way in wic animals are et.

In NEW ZEALAND oenders can e

roiited rom ownin an animal

under te Animal Welare Act.

In NORWAY, uon commitment o

a more serious contraention o te

Animal Welare Act or uon multile

oences, te oender may e deried

eiter temorarily or indenitely o

te rit to own, ee, use, trade or

slauter, care or animals, or o te

rit to unt and s.

In CROATIA wen an oender

is conicted o cruelty aainst a

comanion animal or te second time,

te Animal Welare Act as roisions

allowin te court to remoe te animal

rom te oenders and roiit tem

rom eer ownin anoter animal.

Questions 9: Can juDges orDer

anyone FounD guilty oF animal

Cruelty to pay restitution to

the animal welFare organization

responsiBle For Caring For the

aBuseD animals?

Te Criminal Code o Canada does not

oliate te courts to order restitution

costs. Seen countries allow te court

to mae oenders ay restitution to

animal welare oranizations tat care

or aused animals suseuent to acts

o ause or cruelty.

Examles:

AUSTRIAs ederal Act on te

protection o Animals states tat uon

coniction o an oence, te reious

eeer sall reimurse to te autority

all costs connected wit te temorary

custody and care o te animal(s).

In MALAYSIA te Animal Act roides

or te recoery o exenses rom

oenders to roide restitution to any

eterinary autority or ocer roidin

care o te animals suject to iolationo te leislation.

In SOUTh ARICA te court may

order tat a erson conicted o an

oence under te Animal protection

Act reay all exenses incurred y

anoter erson in eterinary ills, ood

or accommodation.

In pOLAND section 2 o te Animal

protection Act states tat a erson

conicted o an oence may e urter

enalized y nes wic can e

awarded to te poland Society or te

preention o Cruelty to Animals or a

similar animal rotection oranization.

Question 10: what are the

maximum penalties?

At a maximum o six monts

Canada as te lowest lent o

incarceration second only to Malaysia,

and te second lowest maximum

nes or eretrators conicted o

animal cruelty.

Examles:

SWITZERLANDs ederal Act on

Animal protection states tat anyone

wo intentionally maltreats, oerwors,

nelects, cruelly uts to deat,

ills wantonly, oranizes ts orinaroriately exeriments on

animals is liale to arrest and a ne

u to 20,000 Swiss rancs (arox

17,500 CAD).

Under gREAT bRITAINs Animal

Welare Act te maximum ne is

20,000 ounds (arox 42,000 CAD).

Te maximum rison sentence is

51 wees.

Under AUSTRIAs ederal Act on te

protection o Animals te maximum

ne or a rst oence is 7,500 Euros

(arox 10,750 CAD) and 15,000

Euros (arox 21,500 CAD) or a

second oense.



Croatia germany MalaAustriaCanada great britain

Does te leislation rotect

animals rom nelect?

Are stray animals rotected

rom acts o cruelty?

Are wild animals rotected

rom acts o cruelty?

Does te leislation include a

denition o animal?

Is it illeal to train animals to

t eac oter?

Is animal tin illeal?

Are tere distinctions madeetween dierent inds o

animals?

Can oenders e roiited

rom ownin or liin wit an

animal in te uture?

Can judes order anyone ound

uilty o animal cruelty to ay

restitution to te animal welare

oranization resonsile or

carin or te aused animals?

Wat are te maximum

enalties?

indnit indnitscond onc

itim

ine:

15,000 eros

(21,500 CAD)

ine:

20,000 GpB

(42,000 CAD)

prison:

51 wks

ine:

50,000 DM

(36,600 CAD)

prison:

3 ars

in

200 Ri

(60 C

priso

6 mo

ine:

100,000 HRK

(19,500 CAD)

YES NO

legenD

ngct mst b

wi

on rotcts

animas kt or a

aw ros

on rotcts

animas kt or a

aw ros

ondrs can

on b chargd i

caght in th act

maximm 2 ars

ine:

2,000 CAD

prison:

6 months Smmar

onc


15/20

New Zealand piliines portual Sout Arica Switzerland UraineNorway poland

indnit

uNKNOWN

indnit

at mnicia

dndant

on corts

dndant

on corts

uNKNOWN uNKNOWN

ine:

unknown

prison:

1 ar

ine:

20,000 CHF

(17,500 CAD)

prison:

unknown

ine:

2,500 plN

(940 CAD)

prison:

2 ars

uNKNOWN uNKNOWNine:

50,000 NZD

37,700 CAD)

prison:

3 ars

ine:

4,000 ZAR

(580 CAD)

prison:

2 ars

ine:

5,000 pHp

(115 CAD)

prison:

2 ars



1. ecti gisation mst on rr

to ngignt bhaior which is

dnd as darting markd rom

th standard o car that a rasonab

rson wod s and not rqir th

corts to ro that ngct is a wi

action. Crrnt ss than o 1%

o anima crt comaints rst

in sccss conictions, maning

that an astonishing 99.075% o acts

o crt in Canada go nnishd.

Th majorit o ths comaints ar

cass o ngct. In Canada th cort

mst ro that cass o ngct ar

wi. In othr words, moti mst

b ron. For xam, a armr who

stard his sh dsit ratdwarnings was ond not git

bcas th cort codnt ro h

intndd to star thm.

2. Anima crt roisions mst

rotct a animas not jst thos

kt or a aw ros. This

otdatd wording nds to b risd

and anima onss shod b

mod to thir own sction o th

Crimina Cod. ptting animas in

thir own sction o th Cod wi

rotct a animas rom crt and

aso rfcts Canadians iw that a

animas shod b rotctd rom

crt. At rsnt, not a animas ar

rotctd rom crimina acts o crt

bcas roisions ar ond ndr

th rort sction o th Crimina

Cod. This mans that wid and stra

animas, which ar not considrdrort, ar irta nrotctd.

rcd

In June 2004 a Wakefeld,Quebec area man snatched

a baby bear cub rom its

mother on his jet-ski. As

the animal struggled to

get away he beat it, held it

underwater and drove over

it with his jet-ski several

times to subdue it. All o the

details o the capture were

proudly relayed back to thelocal newspaper by the man.

Although the story garnered

an international outcry no

animal cruelty charges were

laid because wild animals

are not protected rom acts o

cruelty.

In order or Canada to ae animal cruelty leislation tat is eectie, internationally

releant, and refects te iews o modern Canadian society te current leislation must

imroed in te ollowin ways:


17/20

ecti gisation mst incd a car and

concis dnition o anima. Th majorit o

gisation riwd incds a dnition o

animal;however,Canadaslegislationfailsto

do so.

ecti gisation mst rohibit th training

o animas to ght othr animas and nab

th coniction o indiidas ond to b

btting on anima ghts. Th rcnt otcr in

Canada or th cas o Micha vick in th

unitd Stats dmonstrats that Canadians

dmand ths actions b dat with (s box

on Micha vick ag11).

A animas mst b rotctd niatra.

Crt is crt, t Canadas crt

gisation rotcts dirnt animas in

dirnt was. Catt ar rotctd dirnt

than comanion animas. Wid animas and

stras ar t irta nrotctd.

Th natis daing with anima crt

mst b incrasd, both montari and

niti. Th gisation shod aso

aow th cort to rohibit ondrs rom

owning animas in th tr and to mak

rstittion amnts to th organizations

chargd with caring or th absd animas.

NOTE: It is essential to oint out tat only

imroin te enalties on leislation tat

is already woeully inadeuate does notinto eectiely imroe te leislation or to

urter rotect animals rom cruelty. good

enalties do not mae ood laws.

Thr ar othr imortant changs to th

Crimina Cod that mst b addrssd which

ar not within th sco o this rort. As it

stands, th gisation has not bn datd

sinc 1892. Th otdatd wording and

oohos within th gisation aows man

ondrs to go r.

ectiv lgislation must mak it an oncto kill an animal with brutal and/or vicious

intnt, whthr or not th animal dis

immdiatly. Th wording that is currntly in

plac allows popl to kill animals brutally

and viciously i th animal dis immdiatly.

For xampl, somon who tis an animal to a

train track can gt away with it by arguing that

th animal did quickly and did not sur.

IT IS ESSENTIAL TO pOINT OUT ThAT ONLY

IMpROvINg ThE pENALTIES ON LEgISLATION ThAT

IS ALREADY WOEULLY INADEqUATE DOES NOThINg

TO EECTIvELY IMpROvE ThE LEgISLATION OR TOURThER pROTECT ANIMALS ROM CRUELTY. gOOD

pENALTIES DO NOT MAkE gOOD LAWS.



ConClusionsCanadas anima crt gisation ags ar bhind aws in man othr contris.Goba, thr is an incrasing trnd to imro th rotction o animas rom crt.

Or th ast w dcads contris rom a or th word ha cratd gisation

that mos animas ot o th ram o rort, as th ar dsignatd in Canada, and

rcognizs thm as bings which rqir at ast minimm standards o rotction.

udating o th crrnt Crimina Cod o Canada wi aord corts and oic with car,

cti mans to rosct, conict and to otntia mitigat acts o nacctabanima crt.

Th orwhming majorit o Canadians want modrnizd and cti gisation that

wi rotct animas rom acts o crt. Amnding th anima crt roisions o th

Crimina Cod is an oortnit or or pariamntarians to rrsnt th wi o Canadian


19/20

Austria: ederal Act on te protection o

Animals

htt://www.ris.bka.g.at/r/r_2004_1_118.

d

Canada: Criminal Code o Canada, pART

XI: Willul and oridden Act in Resect o

Certain proerty (cattle and oter animals)

htt://aws.jstic.gc.ca/n/showdoc/cs/C-46/

bo-ga:_XI//n#anchorbo-ga:_XI

Croatia: Animal Welare Act rom 1999

htt://www.rijatji-ziotinja.hr/indx.

n.h?id=470

great britain: Animal Welare Act, 2006

htt://www.gisation.go.k/acts/acts2006/

d/kga_20060045_n.d

germany: Animal Welare Act

htt://www.animaaw.ino/nons/statts/

stdawa1998.htm

Malaysia: Animal Act o 1953 Reised y Act

647 o 2006

htt://agroink.moa.m/jh/ds/norcmnt/

animas-act-1953.d

New Zealand: Animal Welare Act o 1999htt://www.bioscrit.got.nz/gisation/

anima-war-act/gid/indx.htm

Norway: Animal Welare Act


stnoaa1995.htm

piliines: Animal Welare Act o 1998

htt://www.chanrobs.com/

rbicactno8485.htm

poland: Animal protection Act


stoaa1997.htm

portual: protection o Animals Law


stt92_95_n.htm

Sout Arica: Animal protection Act

htt://www.acii.org/sb/gis/conso_act/aoa329/

Switzerland: ederal Act on Animal protecti

o Marc 9, 1978


stchaa1978.htm

Uraine: No. 3447 Iv On te protection o

Animals rom Cruelty

htt://www.natrwatch.org/ondation/

krain/docs/kr_aw_aw.d

rfc


20/20

International headuarters

290 Smmr Strt

yarmoth port, MA 02675

unitd Stats

phon: (508) 744 2000

phon: (800) 932 4329

Fax: 1 (508) 744 2009

[email protected]

Australia

8-10 Bmor Strt

Srr His

Sdn NSW 2010

phon: +61 2 9288 4900

phon: 1 800 00 IFAW

Fax: +61 2 9288 4901

[email protected]

belium

1 Board Charmagn, Bt. 72

B-1041 Brsss

phon: +32 2 230 9717Fax: +32 2 231 0402

[email protected]

Canada

Sit 612

1 Nichoas Strt

Ottawa, Ontario K1N 7B7

phon: (613) 241 8996

phon: (888) 500 4329

Fax: (613) 241 0641

[email protected]

Cina

Room 908, Godn Towr

No. 1 Xibah Soth Road

Chaoang District

Bijing, 100028

phon: +86 10 6464 3599

Fax: +86 10 6464 3522

[email protected]

rance

4 r edoard Mignot

Bp 1426

51065 Rims Cdx

phon: +33 3 26 48 05 48

Fax: +33 3 26 48 14 35

[email protected]

germany

Kattrsbrck 1

D-20095 Hambrg

phon: +49 (40) 866 5000

Fax: +49 (40) 866 500 [email protected]

www.iaw-d.org

India

IFAW/Widi Trst o India

A-220, Nw Frinds Coon

Nw Dhi 110065

[email protected]

Jaan

1-6-10-203 Saiwaicho

HigashiKrm-shi

Toko, 203-0052

Fax: +81 (42) 420-7656

[email protected]

kenya

ACS paza, 2nd foor

lnana Road

post Oc Box 25499

00603 Nairobi

phon: +254 (20) 3870540

Fax: +254 (20) 3874506

[email protected]

Mexico

Tcootita No. 274

Coonia Forida Cp 01030

Mxico Dphon: +52 55 56 62 05 59

Fax: +52 55 56 61 48 59

[email protected]

Te Neterlands

Jaastraat 56

2585 AR Dn Haag

phon: +31 (70) 33 55 011

Fax: +31 (70) 38 50 940

[email protected]

Russia

Khbn rok, 19-B

121069 Moscow

phon: +7 495 933 34 11

Fax: +7 495 933 34 14

[email protected]

Sout Arica

77 Chrch Strt

Ca Town 8000

phon: +27 (21) 424 2086

Fax: +27 (21) 424 2427

[email protected]

United Ara Emirates

Bastakia Historica Biding,

Dar 107 pO Box 43756

Dbai

phon: +971 4 354 0460

Fax: +971 4 354 [email protected]

United kindom

87-90 Abrt embankmnt

london Se1 9uD

phon: +44 207 587 6700

Fax: +44 207 587 6720

[email protected]

United States o America

1350 Connctict An NW

Sit 1220

Washington, DC 20036

phon: (202) 296 3860

Fax: (202) 296 3802

[email protected]

p i t d FSC ti d d

Documents

Falling Behind 2008 an International Comparison of Canadas Animal Cruelty Legislation