Upload
abhinav-ashok-chandel
View
221
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
8/10/2019 Faith in Peace
1/24
#
Faith in Peace:
Spirituality in the Bosnian ReligiousPeacebuilding
Kiyo MiyamotoResearch FellowConflict Analysis Research CentreUniversity of Kent, UK
8/10/2019 Faith in Peace
2/24
#
Religion and Peace
Religion can influence conflict transformation processthrough a religiously motivated intervener (outsidersand insiders) or through the religious characters of theconflict (parties and issues).
8/10/2019 Faith in Peace
3/24
#
The Former Yugoslavia
8/10/2019 Faith in Peace
4/24
#
The Former Yugoslavia (Political entities)
8/10/2019 Faith in Peace
5/24
#
Problems in 1980s
The death of charismatic leader, Tito, in 1980 Deterioration of economic condition
-rising unemployment rate-oil crisis and worldwide economic depression-soaring inflation rate and drop in GDP
Distribution inequality between the entities
8/10/2019 Faith in Peace
6/24
8/10/2019 Faith in Peace
7/24#
Rise of Ethno-Religious Nationalism
With the background of economic problems, anderosion of the federal politics and the collapse ofcommunism, Yugoslav politics was coloured by ethnicnationalism.
Ethnic nationalist politicians gain power with thebackground of state economic crisis and peoplesfrustration.
Eventually led to the break-up of Yugoslavia in1991.
8/10/2019 Faith in Peace
8/24#
Bosnia-Herzegovina Ethno-religious Distribution(1991)
8/10/2019 Faith in Peace
9/24#
Choices for Peoples in Bosnia at the YugoslavDisintegration
Bosnian Serbs prefer staying within the framework ofYugoslavia which is likely to be Serb dominant.
Bosnian Muslims prefer to becoming independent,avoiding to stay under Serb dominance.
Bosnian Croats want to have secession in their parts ofBosnia with support from Croatia.
Subsequently war broke out in 1992.
8/10/2019 Faith in Peace
10/24#
Bosnia under the Dayton Peace Agreement(1995)
8/10/2019 Faith in Peace
11/24#
Problems of DPA Implementation
Slow progress and difficulties in the repatriationof refugees and internally displace persons
(IDPs).
Persistent tendency of ethnic politics.
8/10/2019 Faith in Peace
12/24#
Peacemaking and Peacebuilding
Peacemaking aims at settlement such as peaceagreement and containment of violence
Peacebuilding aims at addressing structural issues(deep-rooted sources of conflict) and long-termrelationships between conflictants. It refers to theoverall efforts to cultivate peace culture in order totransform conflict peacefully.
8/10/2019 Faith in Peace
13/24#
The Population Affected by Conflict
Middle-rangeLeadership
Grass-rootsPopulation
Source: John Paul Lederach, Building Peace: Sustainable Reconciliation in Divided Societies ,United States Institute of Peace Press, 1997, p 39.
Few
Many
EliteLeadership
A f f
e c t e d P
o p ul a
t i on
Top PoliticalDecision-Making Elite
Cultural/Social leadersPolitical AdvisorsLow-Ranking Politicians
8/10/2019 Faith in Peace
14/24#
Peacemaking and Peacebuilding
Peacemaking
Peacebuilding
8/10/2019 Faith in Peace
15/24#
Inter-Religious Peacebuilding: Case Studies
Inter-religious dialogue between religious leaders inBosnia
Conflict resolution training seminars for religiouspeople
An individuals peace action and multi -faith choir
8/10/2019 Faith in Peace
16/24#
Inter-religious dialogue between religiousleaders in Bosnia
Communication and dialogue between leaders of thereligious communities: Roman Catholic, SerbianOrthodox, Muslim and Jewish.
The leaders communicated through facilitators out ofpublic eyes and eventually articulated a common moralvision.
In 1997 the leaders of four religious communities metface to face for the first time since the outbreak of thewar.
8/10/2019 Faith in Peace
17/24#
Statement of Shared Moral Commitment
Singed by the leaders of four religious communities. Articulated the moral principles including mutual
respect, cooperation, and common living sharedamong the religious communities.
Establishement of Inter-Religious Council (IRC) topromote further religious collaboration.
8/10/2019 Faith in Peace
18/24#
Conflict Resolution Training for Religious Peopleand Community Leaders from the FormerYugoslavia
A series of training seminars for religious people andcommunity leaders to promote healing andreconciliation
Conflict resolution and problem-solving skill training
8/10/2019 Faith in Peace
19/24#
Conflict Resolution Training for Religious Peopleand Community Leaders from the FormerYugoslavia
Intense dialogue between seminar participants fromdifferent religious communities led to increased mutualunderstanding and trust-building
Some went on to take practical actions
8/10/2019 Faith in Peace
20/24
#
Face to Face Interreligious Service inSarajevo
Director, Friar Ivo MarkovicPersonal peacebulding actions
Pontanima A choir composed of people from different faiths andperformed music from Christian (Catholic, Orthodoxand Protestant), Jewish, Islamic and Far East.
8/10/2019 Faith in Peace
21/24
#
Pontanima
8/10/2019 Faith in Peace
22/24
#
Religion: Peacemaking or Peacebuilding?
Religiously oriented peace efforts can possibly be apart of peacemaking through personallycommunicating or publically urging political leaders for
settlement.
The potential contribution of religious efforts seemsgreater for peacebuilding because of it reach to wider
audience.
8/10/2019 Faith in Peace
23/24
#
Assets for Religious Peacebuilding
Religious communities as institutions
Religious traditions and rituals
Spirituality
8/10/2019 Faith in Peace
24/24
Words by Archbishop Desmond Tutu, South Africa
I told those dedicated workers for peace andreconciliation that they should not be tempted to giveup on their crucial work because of the frustrations of
seemingly not making any significant progress, that inour experience nothing was wasted, for when the timewas right it would all come together and, looking back,people would realise what a critical contribution they
had made. They were part of the cosmic movementtowards unity, towards reconciliation, that has existedfrom the beginning of the time.
(In Northern Ireland, 1998)