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8/19/2019 Faculty of Palmer School of Chiropractic 1906-1945
1/19
The Palmer School
of
Ch i roprac t ic : Development
of th
Faculty
1906 1945
Rolf E Peters and Mary Ann Chance
A B S T R A C T :
As
many
of the
chiropractors practising
in
Australia prior
to the end of
World
War II had
attended
th e Palmer School of Ch i rop rac t i c an attempt is made to trace the development of the Palmer Faculty during
th e 40 year period
of 1906-1945.
INDEX
T E R M S : M e S H :
C H I R O P R A C T I C ; H ISTORICAL
A R T I C L E . Other: PALMER SCHOOL OF C H I R O P R A C T I C . Chiropr J Aust 2 0 0 3 ; 33; 98 116
INTRODUCTION
During
the early
years
of chiropractic,
D . D .
Palmer tutored
individual students. When D . D . and B . J . formed a partnership,
they started teaching very small classes, first in the Ryan
building, and from May 1905, at 828 Brady Street.
The teaching load was shared, w i th
D . D .
taking respon
s i b i l i t y for the clinic and the classes in Principles of
Chiropractic, Chiropractic Orthopedy and Anomalies.' In
1906 D.D. Palmer was convicted of practising medicine
without a licence and
jailed,
and after having been
released
decided to leave Davenport.
CHRONOLOGY
T h e First Decad e—190 6 1916
Upon
D.D.'s departure, the entire teaching load
would have
fallen on B.J. As Carver had suggested earlier that a medical
practitioner should take over the editorship of
The
Chiropractor as a protective measure,-B.J. hired M . P . Brown
M D ,
DC in May 1906 to take over that task, and also as
demonstrator and lecturer of Anatomy,' and later as Registrar
and Director of
Clinics.*
M a r t in Preston
Brown
was born on
13 July 1855 in West Liberty,
Iowa.
Having gained his degree
of
Doctor of Medicine from the
State
University of Iowa in
1884 and his Doctor of
Chiropractic
degree in 1899, he had
7
years
of experience in chiropractic and 22
years
of medical
experience.^
While Brown
covered
a ll
Anatomy subjects, as
wel l
as supervising the c l in ic , B.J. Palmer maintained the
burden of the active
work
formerly conducted and carried on
by his father. * Brown remained
w i th
the Palmer School
until
1912, when Alfred Baker Render,
M D , became
the new Editor
of The Chiropractor, and Brown established Brown's
Sanitarium at 1005-1011 Brady Street, just across from the
future
Classroom Building.* He passed away on 9 March
1922; he had gone to the tax collector's
office
to pay his taxes,
collapsed, and died of heart
failure.'̂
R o I f E .
Peters
B S C. D C F I C C
Mary
A nn
Chance
D C F I C C
Editors Chiropractic Journal o ustralia
Wagga Wagga New South Wales
Increased enrolments during 1907 necessitated adding
another capable
teacher
on 1 January 1908 H.M.
Lundberg DC, a PSC graduate, who also maintained a
practice in Rock
Island.
' She was chosen because of her great
abil i ty
and keen concepdon in anatomical studies. Later in
1908 she apparently married and left Rock Island for Galva,
I l l inois ,
some
60 miles
southeast
of the
Tri-Cities,
where by
January 1909 she practised under the name of Hilda
Lundberg-Jones, DC, PhC.'-
Lundberg was apparently replaced by Juanita G. Shaw
PhC, who started teaching Anatomy in either late 1908 or
early 1909. The Reverend R.J.
I rw in ,
a PSC student, wrote
that Dr. Shaw is not
only
appreciated and loved by every
PSC student for her excellence of character and attractive
nature, but for her splendid
abil i ty
to disentangle the
mystical
labyrinth of ligaments and mu.scles, tendons, articulations and
bone and all the 'wonderfully and
fearfully
made' anatomy
of man. We have never seen anatomy made so simple and
interesting as it is by Dr.
Shaw's
instructions. '' It appears
that she might have been replaced when Mabel Palmer started
teaching
Anatomy
in September 1909.'* Juanita Shaw started
to advertise her practice in
Richmond,
Virginia in November
1909.'̂
B. J .
had determined that teachers at the Palmer School
had to be Palmer graduates, and chose them for their
culture,
talent and genuine natural as
w e l l
as cultivated
ability
in the
Hne of teaching.
Joy
M. Loban PhC, a graduate of 1908, was hired in
January 1909 as Professor of
Analysis
and Faculty Adjuster.
Prior
to graduation he had practised in Keota, Iowa, where
he learned to appreciate the effects of chiropractic on
patients.'After graduation he established
a
practice
in Kansas
City, Missouri.''̂ He had been called to the PSC because larger
classes
demanded more
teachers,
and Loban was considered
to be an excellent teacher, too good to remain in the
field
as
a practitioner. The last 6 months of 1908 had increased the
load on B.J. to such an extent that he could no longer handle
the multitudinous duties, and Loban was expected to become
B.J.'s
right
hand man in many capacities.'^ Loban was also
the first faculty member to have papers published in The
Chiropractor} ^ Loban left the Palmer School on 15
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PALMER FACULTY 1906 1945
PETERS • CHANCE
February 1910 to enter private practice-* and located at 501
Commercial Bank
Bui lding,
Waterloo, Iowa.-' When,
in A pr i l
of 1910, a group of dissatisfied students walked out and
established another school—the Universal Chiropractic
College—just a few blocks south on Brady
Street,
they hired
Loban as their
dean.-*
In
September
1909,
Mabel Palmer
joined the faculty as
Professor of Anatomy-^ after her return f r om studying
Anatomy under some
of the
best
instructors in the United
States.-** She also acted as private faculty
adjuster
for ladies.-''
On 19 May 1914 Mabel founded the Sigma Phi Chi Sorority,
the
f i rst
Greek letter Sorority in chiropractic' w i t h 14
members.
In 1918 Mabel Palmer published the first edition
of Chiropractic Anatomy
which went through 5 editions''
and was used by most chiropractic schools. The book was
still
in
use during the mid-1940s.'-
Among
the
first purchasers
of
this book were Frank
Boyd o f
Australia, and Martha Howey
of
Canada,
who would later practise in Adelaide, South
Australia.'-' Next to B.J., Mabel would be the longest serving
faculty member during the time period of this
thesis,
as she
was
still
on faculty in 1945. Due to her soft, feminine side,
she
came
to the aid of many
students
in a motherly fashion
and was generally known as the
Sweetheart
of the
PSC. '*
On
15 October 1909,
C McAdams
DC, who had
recently graduated, was added to the faculty and placed in
charge
of Nerve
Tracing.
His
lectures
were
based
on the actual
cases
he had traced that day, were stereoscopically illustrated,
and prints of
each case
were put on display for a week.'-' In
addition to teaching of nerve tracing, McAdams also acted
as a director of the
student
cl inics ' and acted as an
intermediary between
student
doctors and the Spinography
Department, as he had to authorise all requests to
have
spinographs
taken.'' Later in 1911 he was placed in
charge
of
the Spinography Laboratory. He left the faculty in 1911
to establish a practice in Lake
City,
Iowa, * where he was
indicted in mid-1912 for practising medicine without a
licence. Whether this
came
to trial was not recorded. He
designed a loose-leaf book system for keeping track of patient
records,* and on
18 A p r i l
1914
became
one of the foundation
members of the Iowa Chiropractic Association.*'
James Wishart
DC, a 1910
graduate,
was
added
to the
faculty on 15 February
1910.
He had
been
Dr Loban's
assistant
in the palpation
classes
and Dr
Palmer's
right hand
assistant
during the evening
clinics.*-
He was placed in charge
of
Chiropractic
Analysis.*^
In 1912 he
added
adjustment
dril ls
to nerve tracing, palpation and clinic duties, concentrating
on
small groups of
students
to give them the benefit of his
experience.** He remained
w i th
the Palmer School unti l 22
March 1920, having served more than 10
years.*'
T
Owens
DC, a Palmer
graduate
of 1906, and
President
o f
the Universal Chiropractors' Association, was hired on 15
February 1910 to
teach
Symptomatology, and
also
act as
Business Manager, Assistant Editor of The Chiropractor and
Corresponding
Secretary
of the Palmer School.*'' Prior to
matriculating at Palmer he had been the owner and manager
o f
a large department
store in
Ottumwa, Iowa. When his health
became
impaired, chiropractic saved his l i fe .* Prior to
accepting his position at Palmer, he had
been
in private
practice in
Seattle,
Washington.*** In August 1912 he was no
longer listed as Assistant Editor of The Chiropractor and
B J Palmer DC PhC
All photographs courtesy of Palmer College Archives
Martin Preston B r own MD DC
Chiropractic Journal of Australia
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33 Number 3 September
2003
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PALMER FACULTY 1906 1945
PETERS
•
CH NCE
Joy
M.
L oban
DC PhC
Mabel
H.
Palmer
DC PhC
William
L.
Hea th
Sr. DC PhC
seems
to have left the PSC, probably due to l l health. He
passed
away on Tuesday, 2 February 1914, at the age of 56
years, after a long illness involving bronchial asthma and
kidney
trouble.*^
William L
Heath
Sr., DC, father o f Mabel Palmer, joined
the faculty in June 1910.-' He was born in Elizabethtown,
Pennsylvania in 1849, and moved to Davenport in 1859,
where he completed his public school education. He attended
Cornell College and graduated in 1870, whereupon he taught
school for 3
years
before establishing a grocery
business.''
Connected to the Palmer School by the marriage of his
daughter Mabel, he entered the PSC, graduated in 1907, and
practised
in
LaCrosse, Wisconsin, prior to
joining
the faculty,
where he served as faculty outside adjuster, making
house
calls to patients requesting faculty service.''' Heath gained
his PhC in 1913^- and was placed in charge of
f ina l
examinations in 1920.̂ ̂He passed away at his
residence
on
Sunday, 30 August 1925'* after having served 15 years on
the faculty.
Hugh
D.
V i a DC, another 1910 graduate, was hired to
supervise senior students in a private adjustment service,
where patients requesting to be adjusted in private paid for
their
service, in contrast to the open c l in ic ,
which
had a fee-
free service.-'-' He remained for about 2
years
before leaving
for private practice at Mulden, Massachusetts.- When the
Massachusetts
Chiropractors Association was formed on 12
February 1913, Hugh Via was elected President of the
Association.
During
Wor ld
War
1
he served in the
Armed
Forces in Company 6, Camp Jackson, Columbia, South
Carohna.'** After the war, in
A p r i l
1919, he graduated from
the Palmer School post-graduate course for veterans prior
to moving to Portsmouth,
Vi rg in ia ,
his home
state.*
R . E . McNamara DC, another 1910 graduate, also joined
the faculty for a short time to teach Physiology and supervise
the Open Clinic.*'' He left for private practice soon after,
establishing a practice at 530 Brady Street, Davenport,'̂ and
taught at the Universal College of
Chiropractic
temporarily' -'
before moving to Quincy,
Illinois. *
During 1911
the faculty was further enlarged. A final
examination
form,
dated 27 March 1911, indicates that the
f o l l o w i n g were the examiners at that time: B.J, Palmer, DC,
PhC; Mabel H . Palmer,
DC,
PhC; E.
Duval, DC; H.E.
Vedder,
DC, PhC; R McGinnis, DC; J.C. Wishart, DC; J.N. Firth,
DC,
PhC; and A . B . Hender, MD.* '
E
Duval DC, was on faculty in March 1911 and taught
Hygiene,
Orthopedy, Gynecology, Cycles (a part of
Chiropractic Philosophy), and Obstetrics. ' No actual dates
o f joining or leaving the faculty have been established. He
was expected to take over B.J. Palmer's subjects during B.J.'s
absence. In June 1913 he went to his home in Canada on
holidays, ' and might not have returned, as no further reference
to
h im
was made.
While
on faculty he published 2
papers,
on
Ectopic Pregnancy ** and
Self
Limited
Diseases. '
He later
acted as President of the Canadian Chiropractic College' and
later
sti ll
as President of the Ortho Chiropractic College of
Saskatchewan.
James N.
F i r th
DC, PhC, graduated in 1910. He was
born
on 16 September 1886 in Sterling,
Michigan,
and
attended public schools in Sterling and Standish, Michigan.
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PALMER FACULTY 1906 1945
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•
CHANCE
James
N.
F i r t h
DC PhC
James
R McG inn i s DC
Franl
W.
E l l iot t
DC PhC
After a course in Normal Training School, he taught school
for
one
year,
then attended the Ferris Institute in Grand
Rapids,
Michigan,
and
became Principal o f
the Public Schools
of
Sagining, Michigan, from 1907 to 1909. He enrolled at
the PSC in July 1909.
After
graduation he practised in
Manistique, Michigan, for approximately one year.' While
it
is stated that he started teaching at the PSC
in
August
1911, '
he was already hsted as an examiner in Symptomatology and
Pathology on a final examination
form
dated 27 March
1911. '
During 1912 he was not only in charge of the Department of
Symptomatology,
which
included Pathology, but also taught
Palpation and Nerve Tracing to the Junior class and assisted
in
the afternoon clinic.- He was a prolif ic
writer
and published
many papers in
The
Chiropractor dealing w i t h
individual
disease processes. In 1914 he published A Textbook on
Chiropractic
Symptomatology
as Volume 7 of the Palmer
Green Book series. The book saw 2 editions, one supplement
and 6 printings during Firth's time at the PSC.
Fir th became
one of the most respected and appreciated teachers at the
Palmer School.
After
14
years
of teaching he resigned,
effective 1 August 1925 to enter private practice'- establishing
a practice at 108 N.
State
Street, Chicago.
rry E.
Vedder
DC, PhC, off ic ial ly
became
a member
of
the faculty in
September 1911,-'
but was already listed as
an examiner in Physiology in March
1911. '
He was born on
26 March 1891 at Hudson,
Michigan,
and received his public
school education in Tacoma. Washington. He enrolled at the
Palmer School in
January
1911, started teaching
while
stil l
an undergraduate, and graduated in January 1912.' He
resigned
from
the faculty on 1 March 1913 to take over
management o f
his father's
business in
Tacoma,' but returned
to his teaching position in August of the
same
year.''
Like
F i r t h ,
Vedder was a prol i f ic writer on many chiropractic
subjects as published in The Chiropractor. In 1916 he
published
A Textbook
on Chiropractic Physiology, as Volume
8 of the Palmer Green Book Series, which saw 2 editions
and 5 printings.'' This was
followed
in 1919 w i t h Textbook
on
Chiropractic
Gynecology,
published as Volume 12 of the
Palmer
series.
It saw 2 editions and 4 printings. In 1924 he
published, as Volume 16, Chiropractic
Advertising, which
saw one edition and one
run. Being a wel l - l iked and
capable teacher,
he was considered an author ity on
Chiropractic Physiology and Gynecology.' On 19 July 1924
he predicted that ''Chiropractic is facing a period o
storm,
which will last for the next three to five years and that ''the
Chiropractic
profession has been
flooded
with practitioners
who look at Chiropractic as a business rather than a
profession. '''' He also noted, Ido not always agree with my
co-workers in the decision o matters o policy pertaining to
the
Pcdmer
School, and in sessions with my co-workers fight
for the
principles
which believe to be right. Yet, i the majority
is against me I realize that for the ultimate success of the
institution, I must cooperate with them. ''^
Harry Vedder
resigned from the faculty effective 15 May 1926, after 13
years
as Professor of Physiology, apparently due to a
conflict
o f opinion
w i t h
B.J. Palmer ™
James F. McGinnis
was in charge of the Spinography
Department and also acted as school photographer in 1911.
As
early as March 1911 he examined in Darkroom
Work,
Spinograph Negative Reading and Technique of
Spinography. ' McGinnis had been a photographer at Rock
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Island Arsenal. He had entered the Palmer School evening
clinic
in mid-1910, having extreme indigestion and
severe
headaches, also constipation and anorexia, which were
completely
resolved w i t h i n 2 weeks. This resulted in his
matriculation at the PSC.*' About 1913 he established a
practice in
Rockwell City , Iowa, which
was soon
th r iv ing .
In
March
1914 the Grand Jury called nearly all his patients to
testify in an investigation that lasted a day-and-a-half, and
found no
bi l l . ' * '
He sold this practice in 1915 and relocated
to
Maquoketa, Iowa, where, on 11 January 1916, he was
indicted for practising medicine
without
a licence. He was
found guilty
on 14 January, and was advised by Fred Hartwell,
attorney for the Universal Chiropractors' Association to
continue practising.*^ On 23 March 1917, he was indicted
again on the same charge,
tried
before a
jury , which
returned
a hung verdict after 17 hours and 45 minutes deliberation.**̂
In the early 1920s, he moved to
Santa
Barbara,
California,
where he was arrested in early A p r i l 1922. He posted
bail
of
$100 and was
listed
as
awaiting
t r ia l unt i l
mid-July.
Whether
the case ever came to
t r ia l
is unknown, as in November of
that year the Chiropractic Act of
California
was passed by
popular
vote.**
In February 1911
F . L . Carey, formerly o f Marion,
Indiana,
accepted a position as instructor in the Palmer School. A
graduate of the Palmer School, he had sold his large practice
to his former partner, F.D. Waschka.**' As this was the only
reference, Carey obviously did not last long at the PSC.
A new department was established at the PSC in 1911,
the Ethics Department. I t was placed in charge of
Mittie P.
Hall,*
who left in 1913 and established a practice in Sac
City ,
Iowa.*' Upon formation of the Iowa Chiropractic
Association in 1914, she was elected to the Permanent
Organization. '
On 7 July 1914, Mi t t i e R H a l l , DC, and
B i l l y
Grigg, DC, were married in the Palmer Mansion by the
Reverend
James
Craven,
prior
to moving to Chicago to
establish a practice there.**
F r a n k W. Elliott,
DC, a graduate of 1911,
became
a
member of the faculty on I I August 1911, when he was
installed
as Registrar of
Students
and Patients and Director
of
the evening cl inic. Frank, a first cousin
o f
Mabel Palmer—
their
mothers were
sisters—was
born in Conway Springs,
Kansas, on 15 February 1887. He received his higher
education at Southwestern College, Winf ie ld , Kansas, where
he met Hazel Johnson, his future wife. Hazel was a first cousin
of Edna May Johnson,
wi fe
of Hugh
Chester
Chance.
After
graduation Frank moved to Los Angeles, California, where
he opened a practice at 4200 South Grand Avenue in early
May
1911, advertising the practice wi th a
neat
l i t t le sign on
the lawn. Soon after, D.D. Palmer rented the adjoining
apartment, and put up a big sign in
front
of his apartment,
reading: Old Dad
Chiro,
Discoverer and Developer of
Chiropractic,
D.D. Palmer.
During
June 1911,
while
B.J.
and Mabel Palmer were on a lecture trip through California,
Frank and Hazel were married at the home of her
grandparents,
wi th
Hazel's parents and B.J. and Mabel in
attendance. While sti l l in Los Angeles, B.J. received news
from the school which prompted him to ask Frank E l l i o t t to
j o i n him at the PSC.* '* EUiott gained his PhC in 1914 and
was named Business Manager of the PSC.'̂
After
B.J. Palmer
established Radio Station WOC, Frank
became
one of the
early
announcers
and Business Manager, a position he held
unt i l
about 1931, when he was replaced by Dave Palmer.
Frank E l l i o t t served
in
the Iowa
State
Legislature,' where he
rendered invaluable service in securing chiropractic
legislation. He also served a term as President
o f
the National
Association
of Broadcasters.'
Har r y Hoy had
been
a short-term instructor
prior
to May
1912, when he established a practice in Belle Plains, Iowa.' '
In May a Dr. Vale took charge of the Junior
Cl in ic .
He
apparently also did not last long.'
Alfred Baker Hender, M D , was one of the examiners on
Technique Of Obstetrics, Home Deliveries,
Minor
Surgery,
Toxicology
and Gynecology during 1911. ' He was born in
Davenport in 1874.
After
his early education in Davenport
he studied c iv i l engineering at Cornell College, M t Vernon,
Iowa. After
2
years
he changed his plans and studied medicine
at the
University
of
Iowa,
where he received his M D in 1900.
While i n
general practice
in
Davenport, he
became
acquainted
w i t h D . D .
and
B.J.
Palmer and was induced to
give
20 lectures
on general anatomy and 10 lectures on the central nervous
system.' He gained his DC in 1912, and PhC in 1915. He
joined
the faculty in September 1912,-' teaching Obstetrics
and Gynecology. By 1920 he had
been
named Dean of the
Palmer School, a position he held unt i l his death in 1943.'
He maintained a practice in medicine and chiropractic in
Davenport and
became
a w e l l known obstetrician. By 1927
he had delivered 3,500 babies.'
After
the departure of
Firth,
he took over the Department of Symptomatology.
Steven J Burich, DC, PhC, joined
the faculty on
1
January
1913, while sti l l a senior student. He was born in B r i l h on ,
Wisconsin,
on 15 August 1887, attended common schools in
Rockland
Township and
Milwaukee
and graduated
f rom
the
Whitewater H i g h
School in 1907. He attended
Beloit
College' and taught Chemistry in Milwaukee for
a
year before
attending Palmer.'** As head of the Chemistry Department,
he estabhshed the laboratory in March 1913, and was listed
as Professor of Chemistry and Microscopy, also teaching
Histology and Psychology.' A frequent contributor to The
Chiropractor he
wrote
A Textboolc
o
Chiropractic
Chemistry
as
Volume
11 of the Palmer Green Books in 1919. The book
was reprinted 3 times. In 1922 Burich was placed
in
charge
o f
the Department of Neurology.' ' He resigned
from
the
Palmer faculty effective 15 May 1926.' -
As of
1 A p r i l
1913, Abraham Abbey Finkelstein, a 1909
graduate, f i l led the Chair of Physiology, vacated when Harry
Vedder
lef t
to
manage
his father's
business
in Tacoma,
Washington. For the previous 3
years
Finkelstein had held
the position of Secretary of the Employment Department of
the Young Men's Hebrew Association in New
York,
where
he also acted as an unpaid volunteer chiropractor.' ' It appears
that B.J. Palmer had kept his eye on
Finkelstein,
considering
h im to be excellent teaching material.' One year later, on
15 March 1914, he resigned to return to New
York City
to
get married and establish a private practice. He was apparently
very w e l l
l iked,
as a
big
reception was given
i n
the auditorium
prior to his departure.' '
James Steele, DC, PhC, was placed in charge of the
Spinograph Department in early 1913.
During
his time the
department
made
a record in the amount and quality of the
work
performed. He took a leave of
absence
in March 1914
and established a practice in Auburn, New Yo rk. ' ' '
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James H. Craven DD, DC, PhC, a graduate of 1912,
started teaching in June 1913.-' He was born in 1880 in
Kansas, received his higher education at the
Kansas
Wesleyan
University,
was ordained in the
ministry
of the Methodist
Church, and spent 11
years
as a pastor. He
became
the Head
of the Department of
Chiropractic
Philosophy, and also acted
as Faculty Secretary and School Chaplain. He is said to have
collaborated w i t h B.J. Palmer in w r i t i n g Volume V,
Chiropractic Philosophy. ^ In 1921 he published A Textbook
on Chiropractic
Orthopedy
as Volume 15,
which
saw one
reprint. In 1924/4 Textbook on Hygiene and
Pediatrics
from
a Chiropractic
Standpoint
was published as Volume 3. He
was a frequent
contributor
to The Chiropractor and published
over 20 papers on chiropractic philosophy, as wel l as a series
on hygiene and public health. While we have no proof, it is
our
belief
that Craven's writings l a i d the basis for
Stephenson's Chiropractic
Textbook. On 27 May 1926 John
Craven resigned his position effective 1 July 1926. For some
years
he had
fel t
the urge to practise in the
State
of
Washington, * and had planned to leave the Palmer School
prior to the introduction of the Neurocalometer in 1924, but
had realised that all strength was necessary at the PSC then,
and afterwards, when B.J. travelled around the wor ld
in
1924-
1925. '
Ernest
Archibald Thompson DC, a February 1914
graduate, was placed in charge
o f
the Spinograph Department
upon
the departure of
James
Steele in March 1914. He had
been an associate faculty member in Steele's department. '
Thompson was born in 1891 in Chattanooga, Tennessee.''
He later lived in Rochester, New York, where he had been
employed by the Mercury Manufacturing Company as a
salesman. His assignment was to travel the Western territory.
When he reached Davenport, he decided to
change
position
and obtained a clerkship
wi th
a chain of cigar stores, which
brought him into contact wi th chiropractic. He enrolled at
Palmer and worked his way through school, working as a
janitor and in a restaurant. Thompson
became
a proli f ic
writer on spinography and gained his PhC in 1916. ' He
severed his connection
w i t h
the Palmer School on 1
September 1917,
joining
Dr C.B. Johnson in Salt Lake
City,
Utah, -but returned on 1 A pr i l 1918 and resumed his previous
position. ' In 1919 he published
Text on
Chiropractic
Spinography
as Volume 10 of the Palmer Green Books. The
text saw 4 editions and 4 printings. The
fourth
edition,
published in 1923, was 4 times the size of the first edition. *
On 1 September 1922, under his directorship, Spinography
was
made
a required subject in the
curriculum.'
He
left
the
PSC on 1 August 1925 to enter private practice' in Baltimore,
Maryland.
He practised for over 50 years
unt i l
his death in
October 1970.
Otis
E . Cronk DC, was elected to the faculty on 20
September 1914. He had
been in
private practice for
3 ' /2
years,
practising in Viroqua, Wisconsin. His assignment was to
create
a Department of Clinical Statistics. ' Later he was
also placed i n charge o f the Department of Hygiene and Public
Health.
By 1916 he had
been
awarded the PhC. * Cronk
resigned effective 15 September 1919 to pioneer chiropractic
in Louisiana,
which
had only one chiropractor in the
state. ''
During the early 1920s he was charged and convicted of
practising medicine
without
a licence, as the
high
court's
ruling became that applied physical force for corrective
measures constitutes the practice of medicine. Cronk
returned to the faculty in November 1929, when his son
Kenneth
enrolled at the PSC.'- He remained on faculty
until
1932, when he returned to Louisiana.
As
previously mentioned, the
f i r s t
decade
saw a
tremendous growth, not only in student enrollment and
building activity,
but also in faculty recruitment. Including
B.J. and Mabel Palmer, a total of 28 chiropractors, a ll Palmer
graduates, became
members of the faculty, of whom 8 served
a year or less—Lundberg, Shaw, McNamara, Hoy, Carey,
Vale, Finkelstein and Steele—and one served 13 months—
Loban.
The Second Decade—1917 1925
A t the beginning of the year 1917 the faculty consisted of
12 members: B.J. Palmer, Mabel Palmer,
James
Wishart,
Wil l i am
L .
Heath, James N . Fir th , Harry E. Vedder, Alfred B.
Hender, Frank W.
Ell iot t ,
Steven J. Burich, John H. Craven,
Ernest
A .
Thompson and Otis E. Cronk.
Warren
L Sausser DC, PhC, graduated 23 November
1917,
became
a member of the faculty on 28 November 1917
and was placed in charge of the Department of
Roentgenology, where for several months he had been a
special assistant to Dr. E.A. Thompson.'-' He resigned in Apri l
1918 to enlist in the U.S. A r m y . '
Sausser
received training
at the School of
Mi l i t a ry
Roentgenology, Cornell Medical
College, New Y o r k . ' -' After discharge from mili tary service
he practised for a short time with Drs Reynolds and Reynolds
in Passaic and Paterson, New Jersey before establishing, in
1920, the Metropolitan X-Ray Laboratory at 200 West 72 ''
Street, corner Broadway, in Manhattan.'-*
Er i c k
Florman
DC, a recent Palmer graduate, was also
working
as an
assistant in
the X-Ray Department
in
November
1917.'-'
Clyde C . Hal l DC, PhC, was born in Red Oak, Iowa, on
25 August 1887. He received his elementary and high school
education in Boise, Idaho, and enrolled in the Pharmacy
Department of the University of Michigan, graduating
wi th
the
degree
of Pharmaceutical Chemist in 1910. After
practising
pharmacy for several years he became interested
in chiropractic and enrolled at the PSC He
became
a
member of the faculty on 1 January 1919 f i rs t in the
Spinograph Department,'-' then in the Chemistry
Department,'- and later i n the Department o f Anatomy.' He
left the faculty during 1932.'-*
Henri L . Gaddis DC, PhC,
became
a member of the
faculty
in July 1919, as an assistant to Dr Wishart in the
Department of Technique. Gaddis was born on 28 October
1884 in Seymour, Iowa. At the age of 17 he
became half
owner of The Seymour Press and after 6 months, sole
proprietor, w i t h the dis tinction of being the youngest
newspaper publisher in the State of Iowa. He sold his
newspaper in 1906 and established
The
Lovilia (Iowa) Press
in March 1907, which he owned
unt i l
November 1916. He
became
a student at the PSC on 1 January 1917, having
enrolled
in the 3-year (18 months) course. On 1 November
1917, when the manager of the Palmer Printery, Dr Myers,
resigned, Gaddis was persuaded to take over as manager of
the printery
while
pursuing his studies. He fi l led this position
un t i l October 1919. He graduated wi th the
degrees
of DC
and PhC on 30 June 1 9 1 8 . ' ' » ' In May 1919 Gaddis had
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Al f red Baker Hender MD DC PhC J a m e s H.
C r a v e n
DD DC PhC E r n e s t A . T h o m p s o n DC PhC
been
appointed Director of the night
c l in ic
and in June was
elected as a member of the faculty on the usual 6 months
probation. I n
A p r il
1920 he was unanimously chosen as head
of
the Analysis and Adjusting Department to
succeed
James
Wishart, who left the PSC on 22 March 1920.' Gaddis
resigned
from
the faculty in November 1925 to
enter
private
practice - and
became
associated w i t h the Chiropractic
Psychopathic Hospital in Davenport' before establishing a
practice in Fullerton, California, then Redlands, and later San
Diego.
'̂ 5
M . Belle Lar son
DC, PhC, a 1919
graduate
w i th x-ray
qualifications,
was added to the faculty in July
1919' 'as
an
assistant
to James Wishart.' In 1920 she joined
Craven's
department and taught Chiropractic Orthopedy, Hygiene and
Chiropractic Philosophy.'-'* She
appears
to
have
left
the faculty
during 1922.
In September 1919 the PSC put out a call for an additional
6 faculty
members,
as with 1,200
students,
a new building
and more
classrooms,
more teachers were required. '
The first of these new instructors was
Louis DeArmand
DDS, the
first non-PSC graduate.
He was born in Davenport,
the son of a practising physician, but decided not to fo l low in
his father's footsteps. Instead he studied dentistry at the
State
University
of
Iowa.
Failing in practice after being talked out
of
advertising his skills by his ethical colleagues, he quit
dentistry and studied the art of advertising and
salesmanship,
and
became
Davenport's leading ad writer and
sales
master.
He was hired in November 1919 to
teach
a
course
in
Salesmanship, '-* later renamed Personal Efficiency,' '
which
would
become
the
first Business Procedures course
in
chiropractic. Though DeArmand
left
in 1925, his
course
would
remain active to
prepare
the
students
for the realities
o f private practice. Eventually it
became
a part of the course
in Jurisprudence
and Professional Ethics.'•*-
On
14 November 1919 the avenport aily Times
published that Dr. T . J .
Boner
a 1912 Palmer graduate, had
returned to the insti tut ion as a member of the faculty.
Following his graduation he had practised in Princeton,
I l l inois unti l enlisting in the U.S. Navy during
Wor ld
War
I . -
He
first
served as a Pharmacist Mate at the US Naval
Training Station in San Francisco,' later at the submarine
base
in San
Pedro,
California,' 'and
finally
on the transport,
USS Northern Pacific.' He resigned on 29 February 1920
to
enter
private practice.' '
January
1920
saw the addition of 5 new faculty
members:
Kriedemann, Maybach,
Stephan,
Frutiger and Venter.
Conrad
Kriedemann
DC, PhC,
became
a short-term
instructor in the Department of Spinography, serving only
during
1920. * Prior to studying chiropractic, he had
been
a
concert pianist at the
State
University of Nebraska.' *
Roy
G. Maybach
DC, PhC, a Palmer graduate of 1916,
was born in
Buffalo,
New
York
on 30
A p r i l
1883. Upon
graduation f r om high school he
entered
the structural
engineering department of a Buffalo architectural f i rm.
After
graduation
f rom
Palmer he practised for a few
years
and was
invited
by the PSC to
j o i n
the faculty in the Department of
Anatomy.
He
also
taught Hygiene, Public Health, Orthopedy,
Histology, Salesmanship, Physiology and Symptomatology.̂
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•
CHANCE
Warren
L.
Sausser
DC PhC
Clyde
C.
Ha l l
DC PhC M.
Belle L a r son
DC PhC
A prolific writer for The Chiropractor he remained
wi th
the
faculty
unt i l
at
least
1927.'*'' A paucity of records of the late
1920s through the 1940s makes further research very
difficult.
K a r l G. Stephan DC, PhC, a Palmer graduate of the 3-
year program, graduated in August 1917. Stephan was born
on 17 June 1895 in Shelbyville, Indiana, where he received
his primary and secondary education before attending Culver
Mili tary Academy in Culver, Indiana, and Purdue University
in Lafayette, Indiana. After graduating from Palmer he
practised in Mathews County, V irg in ia .
During
Wor ld War 1
he was among the first to enlist in the
United
States Navy,
was commissioned Ensign and commanded the U.S.
Subchaser
No. 202.
After
discharge he practised for a short
time in South Bend, Indiana, prior to becoming a faculty
member
in
the Department of Gynecology,'
which
he
headed
in 1926.' He also served in the Department of Physiology
and was a frequent contributor to
The
Chiropractor. He left
the faculty about 1929 to enter private practice in San Antonio,
Texas.'
E G . Frutiger DC, served on the faculty, in the faculty
home adjusting service, only during 1920. - He was no longer
listed in the 1921 faculty team. He founded the Chiropractic
Psychopathic Sanatorium in Davenport,
which
he presided
over
unt i l
6 October 1924, when he established Frutiger's
Chiropractic Sanatorium (for the nervous and mentally
afflicted) at the Whitaker Bui ld ing, Th ird and Brady Streets,
Davenport. '
H . L . Vinkemeyer. DC, PhC, was the last of the January
1920 faculty members. He served in the Department o f Private
Faculty
Adjusting. He left during 1925, as he was no longer
listed
in the
1926 Announcement.
J . G . Venter DC, joined the faculty in February 1920 after
some years
of private practice. His appointment was one
of the shortest of any faculty member, as he left the faculty
on 17 May 1920 for Idaho Falls, where apparently
family
business awaited h i m . '
May
1, 1920, saw the addition of the fo l lowing to the
faculty: Chas. S. Kramer, B . H . Johnson,
Arthur
G. Hinrichs,
Joe Gibney, H . H . Hunter and Chas. T. Fewell. *
C . S . K r a m e r
DC, PhC, a recent graduate, taught
symptomatology from May 1920 unt i l December 1923, when
he left for private practice in
Kansas City , Missouri. '
Drs
B . H .
Johnson Joe Gibney and H . H . Hunter were
only
short-term appointees, as they were no longer listed as
faculty the fo l lowing year.'
Charles T Fewell DC, PhC, had had
years
of experience
in
teaching advanced
classes
in the public schools. He served
in the Department of Philosophy from 1 May 1920 ti l l June
1921,
when he entered private practice in Balt imore,
Maryland.' -*
A . G .
Hinrichs
DC, PhC, was born at Sterling,
Illinois,
on 30 August 1894. After comple ting his primary and
secondary education, he completed a course in business
administration in 1914 and held appointments as
assistant
chief
clerk
wi th
the Northwestern Railroad at
Clinton,
Iowa,
and
w i t h
the Ford
Motor
Company as cashier for the Des
Moines
Branch. During Wor ld War 1 he served in the U.S.
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Navy and was stationed at tlie Ensign School in Chicago
as
Chief
of the Regimental Commanders Staff. He was
discharged in December 1918 and enrolled at the Palmer
School on 26
A p r i l
1919. In May 1920 he accepted a
position
on
the faculty and taught Orthopedy, Gynecology and
Anatomy, unti l specialising in Symptomatology. He resigned
after 5
years
of service on
1
August 1925 to pursue
business
interests in Fl or id a.' '
By September 1920 another 2 had been elected to faculty:
W . H. Lotz
and Ernest Tegen. '
Walter R.
Lotz
DC, PhC, was born in New B r i t a in
Connecticut, on 13 January 1898. During Wor ld War I he
was in Tufts College Student A r m y Training Corps during
1918-1919, thereafter studied at Palmer and was added to
the Spinograph Department during mid-1920, remaining on
the faculty for 1921. '
Ernest R . F . Tegen
DC, PhC, taught Symptomatology
during the latter part of 1920 through 1923, when he left for
private practice,
first
in Newark, New Jersey,' then in
Asheville, North Carolina, before returning to New Jersey,
where he practised in
Irvington
in
1931.' '
A t the beginning of 1921 3 new faculty members were
added: W.P. Brownell, H .T . Dickson and Ray Richardson.
William
Palmer Brownell DC,
served on the faculty only
during 1921.' Bi l l a nephew of B.J. Palmer—he was the
son of Mae Palmer and Niles Brownell—had seen
mili tary
service as aLieutenant in the 147* Field
A r t i l le ry
in France,' -
and also along the Mexican border.' ' By October 1921 he
was in practice
w i t h
his father and his brother Don in
Georgetown, Texas,' prior to establishing a practice of his
own
in Washington, DC.' '
H .T .
Dickson DC, PhC, served in the Department of
Analysis only during the year
1921.'
Ray B. Richardson DC, PhC, was born in Richland
County, Wisconsin, where he attended and graduated f rom
the common schools. He attended Richland County Normal
School and after graduation taught for 3 years.' He
matriculated
in the PSC i n Ap r i l 1918 and became a member
of the faculty immediately after graduation. He collaborated
with Dr Ernest Thompson in the production of
The Textbook
on pinography
When
Thompson resigned in August 1925,
Ray Richardson
became
Head of the Department of
Spinography.' In A p r i l 1934 Richardson resigned to enter
private practice.'
By September 1921 another group of chiropractors had
been added to assist as clinic directors and lecturing: M.B.
Lawson,
H.E. Borgerson, E . I . Nott, D.G. Buckingham, H.E.
Miner, C.G.
Kern,
E. Arestadt and C.C. Chandler.' '
M.B . Lawson acted as a clinic director only during the
latter part of
1921,
as he was not named on later faculty lists.
Harry E . Borgerson DC, PhC, taught Histology and
Chiropractic
Technique, and after marrying a young graduate
on 19 September 1923, resigned to open a practice in
MinneapoUs on 15 October 1923.' *
Ea r l I . Nott DC, PhC, was born in Batavia, New York in
1897. After completing his course at the PSC, he became a
member o f the faculty on 1 August 1921, teaching
Gynecology and conducting the coccygeal c l i n i c . He
remained
w i t h
the Palmer faculty
unti l
1925.' '
D . G .
Buckingham DC, was placed in charge of the
Hygiene class in December 1921 and was a member of the
faculty during 1922.
H . E . Miner DC, PhC, taught Chemistry and Technique.
He left Palmer on 30 August 1922 to practise in Indiana.'
Clyde
G .
K e r n BPEd,
DC,
PhC, was born
in
Adamsville,
Ohio, in 1876. After graduating from
high
school, he taught
school in his home
town.
After the first year of teaching he
became a student at Valparaiso University, Indiana, later
continuing to teach and attend college at Ohio Northern
University,
receiving a Bachelor of Primary Education in
1909. He also did post-graduate studies at Ohio
State
University.
Kern
was
associated
with Ohio schools for 26
years, and for 15 of
these
years
in the double capacity of
teacher
and superintendent in Zanesville. He attended the
Palmer School and simultaneously taught Mathematics at
Davenport
H ig h
School. He taught Organic Chemistry at the
PSC from 1922 to
1925
.' ̂After leaving the faculty in 1925
he worked for the Medical Records Department of the
State
of Ohio at Columbus, while conducting
a
j o in t practice
w i th
his son Donald, who had graduated in
1921.'^'
Elmer Arestadt DC, PhC, taught
Chiropractic
Philosophy
un t i l 1924, when he resigned to establish a practice in
Minneapolis-St.
Paul, Minnesota.'
C . C .
Chandler DC, PhC, was with the Department of
Chemistry, but also taught Philosophy and Freshman
Technique. He left in 1923 to practise in Terre Haute,
Indiana.'
The faculty list of the year 1922 showed another group of
new members: P.A. Remier, R.W. Stephenson, W . D . Fowler,
J.K.
Hawkins,
L . V
Willes, R.A. Buder, N . A . Gohnvaux,
H .L .
Poole, S.M. Innes and C.A. Russell.
R . A . Butler DC, PhC, taught only a short time in 1922.
No details could be located.
Percy A. Remier DC, was born on 20 May 1891 in
Galesburg,
I l l ino is
of French parents. He began his
high
school education i n 1905 and
became
a machinist's apprentice
in
railroad shops in 1908. In 1910 he started
work
at Rock
Island
Arsenal, where eventually he
rose
to Assistant
Foreman.
During
W o r ld War I he
worked primarily
on 75mm
French guns and 3-inch American guns. He started work in
the PSC Spinography Department on 7 December 1919,
enrolled
at Palmer to study
chiropractic,
and upon graduation
started to teach Spinography. ^ Remier resigned in 1924 to
establish the Remier X-Ray Laboratory in Baltimore,
Maryland.'
Ralph
Waldo
Stephenson
DC, PhC, was bom in L inco ln
I l l ino is
on 6 December 1879. He was raised at Seward,
Nebraska, where he received his elementary schooling. He
attended Highland Park College at Des Moines and Iowa
State
College at Ames, Iowa and thereafter taught school
in
Alberta,
Canada.
He matriculated at Palmer in 1920, and after
completing his studies in July 1921 accepted a position as
Philosophy
instructor.'
Upon the resignation o f
Henri
Gaddis
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in
November 1925, Stephenson was placed in charge of the
Department of Technique, as
w e l l
as acting as a Director of
Clinics.'*
In 1927 he published the Chiropractic
Text
ook
as Volume 14 of the Palmer Green Book Series. Based on the
writings of B.J. and Mabel Palmer and of John Craven, he
categorised
philosophical
matters into 411 articles to be used
as a study guide for students. * Stephenson resigned in 1929
after 8
years
of service to take a 2-year rest in sunny
California. '
Warren D. Fowler DC, PhC, was born in Seattle,
Washington,
where he received his education. During W or ld
War I he served in the U.S. Navy w i t h distinction. Upon
discharge he entered the Palmer School, graduating in June
1921,
whereupon he
became
a member of the faculty in the
Department of Philosophy. He
left
the faculty in 1924 to
practise in Bloomfield, New Jersey.'
J
K a r l
Hawkins DC, PhC, was a native of Utah.
After
completing his studies at the PSC he taught Physiology and
Gynecology unt i l
early in 1924, when he returned to Utah
for private practice.'
Leon
V . Willes DC, PhC, was born in Salem, Utah, on 13
February 1894. After completing public and high schools at
Salt Lake
City
he attended the University of Utah.
During
the war he enlisted in the U.S. A r m y and was in charge of
moving the freight and equipment of the 9 1
Div is ion f rom
Camp Lewis. After graduating from the PSC he became a
member of the faculty in October
1921,
teaching Orthopedy
and Symptomatology.' During 1924 he became very i l l—at
times he almost died—but he returned to teach Freshman
classes. He resigned in 1925 to practise in
California,
where
he
passed
away in August 1925. ''
N.A. Golinvaux DC, PhC, was attached to the
Departments of Anatomy and Symptomatology to assist
Ernest Tegen. He invented The Speeder, a device for
practising adjustive thrusts that
would ring
a
bell
i the thrust
was not properly performed. He was attached to the faculty
only during 1922.'
H . L .
Poole DC, PhC, had held a very responsible position
with the Securities Trust Co. of Detroit, and later served as
auditor for the Maxwell-Chalmers Corporation before
studying chiropractic. Upon graduation he taught Philosophy
and Gynecology.' He left late in 1923 to practise in Kansas
City, Missouri.'™
Stanley Innes DC, PhC, hailed from San
Jose,
California,
where he had managed one of the largest
theatres. After
graduation he taught physiology for a short time before
returning to San Jose to
practise.'™ '*
Carlton
A . Russell DC, PhC, was born in Joliet,
I l l inois,
in
1893. He received his primary and secondary education in
JoHet, then studied Municipal and Sanitary Engineering at
the University of I l l inois at Champaign, where he graduated
in Advanced Chemistry. In charge of the Water
Purification
Plant at the Chicago Stock Yards, he pioneered
work
i n water
purification
using chlorine compounds.
During
the influenza
epidemic he
became
very i l l but recovered, thanks to
chiropractic. He entered the PSC in August 1920 and upon
graduation
joined
the
faculty,
teaching Chemistry, Physiology,
Hygiene and Gynecology. He remained on the faculty unt i l
1928, when he left to practise in
California.' ' '*'
During
1922 B . B . Bryant, C.C. Flanagan, W . L . Heath Jr,
H.C. Walker, and
A . L .
Wi l l i s were added to the faculty.
B . B .
Bryant
DC,
joined the faculty in the Department of
Spinography during 1922. He
left
during 1924 for private
practice.' '*^
William
L
Heath
Jr.
DC, PhC, son of W . L . Heath and
brother
o f Mabel
Palmer, was born in Mi la n , I l l i no i s in 1897.
After graduating from Davenport High School in February
1916, he finished the 12-month
course
at the PSC in 1917,
before enrolling at the Mathematics Department of
Northwestern University
i n
Evanston, I l l inois . He served wi th
the U.S. Navy during Wor ld War I and was released from
service in the spring of 1919. He returned to the PSC to
continue his studies to graduate from the 3-year course. After
practising in Homestead, Pennsylvania for a short time
wi th
his
brother-in-law, W i l l i a m
J. Quigley, he returned to Palmer
for post-graduate studies. He
became
a member of the faculty
on
1 June 1922 as an instructor in the Spinography
Department.' In 1924 he became Chief Technician in the
Neurocalometer Department,'*^ and also taught Hygiene and
Histology.'** He resigned from the faculty in 1938 to establish
a practice in Tucson, Arizona.'*'
F . C . Walker DC, PhC,
became
a member of the faculty
upon his graduation in 1921, and taught Salesmanship and
Physiology
to the Junior classes, also teaching in clinic
classes, where he related his experience w i t h tarsal
adjustments, based on his
own
research and experimentation.
He left the faculty in early 1924 to enter private practice.'
Arleigh L . Willis DC, PhC, was born in the
State
of
Kansas
in
1895.
After
completing
high
school he matriculated
in the Kansas
State
Agricultural College at Manhattan,
Kansas.
During Wor ld
War
1
he served for 28 months as a
First Lieutenant in the 12 ' Div is ion of the U.S. A r my . He
graduated
from
the PSC in June 1922 and joined the faculty
in the Department of Hygiene and Public Health,' remaining
wi th the faculty un t i l May 1925. ''
C . C . Flanagan DC, PhC, was born on 11
A p r i l
1893 at
Clinton, Iowa, where he received his primary and secondary
education before attending and graduating from
Grinnell
College at Grinnell, Iowa. During Wor ld War I he served 2
years
w i t h
the Medical Department of the 132 Infantry. He
served one year in France and received one
divisional
and
one general headquarters citation for bravery in
action.
Upon
discharge he entered the PSC, graduating in 1922. He
became
a member of the faculty on 1 November 1922, teaching in
the Department of Philosophy.' He left the faculty during
1925.'*
During
1923 Daniel K . K i r k , Cyrus F Stoddard and C.E.
Wilent
joined
the faculty.
Daniel K . K i r k DC, PhC, was on faculty for only a short
time during 1923, teaching Symptomatology and Pathology.
He left in November 1923, when he acted as locum in several
offices whose
principals
were being persecuted for practising
chiropractic, thus keeping their practices operating, prior to
locating
his own practice
i n Marlborough, Massachusetts.' '*'
Cyrus
F . Stoddard DC, PhC, was born in New England.
A t the age of 10 his family moved to Iowa. He graduated
from
Wesleyan College at M t .
Pleasant,
Iowa in 1902, and
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Ray B. R i c h a r d s o n DC PhC
Clyde
G.
K e r n B P E d
DC PhC
Percy
A.
Remier
DC PhC
worked as a reporter for the Davenport Times and the Daily
Leader
for about a year before deciding to study osteopathy.
After 4 months of study he returned to newspaper reporting.
During
1906 and 1908 he visited Europe and Af r ica and then
became private secretary to Hon. N.E.
Kendall,
member of
Congress for Iowa. From 1915 to 1921 he acted as Assistant
Editor
of the
Labor Review
published by the Department of
Labor in Washington, DC. He graduated from the PSC in
1922 and
in
1923 accepted a
position
on the faculty
instructing
in Physiology and Histology.' He was a frequent
contributor
to the chiropractic hterature. On
1
November 1925 he resigned
to
enter private practice in
California.*
C.E.
Wilent,
DC, PhC, graduated in November 1922 and
accepted a position in the Department of Symptomatology
and Pathology in 1923. He also taught Philosophy to the
Sophomore classes. l l health caused him to resign his position
in
1924, and he moved to California to recuperate' and
establish a practice in Los Angeles, which he had to give up
in 1926 due to a nervous breakdown. After recovery he was
looking
forward
to re-opening his office in another part of
the city.
In
1924,3 were admitted to the
faculty:
Herbert
C.
Hender,
Don
Kern
and Claude
Phillips.
Herbert C.
Hender,
DC, PhC, son of A .B . Hender, was
born i n Davenport in 1899. After graduating from Davenport
High
School he attended
Grinnell
College and studied
liberal
arts
and
business
administration prior to enrolling at Palmer.
He graduated in February 1924, joined the faculty and taught
Spinography.-' ' He also substituted for James Firth, teaching
Symptomatology,'** and after Firth's resignation in 1925
became
head of the Department of Symptomatology.'*
Donald O Neill
K e r n DC, PhC, was born in Windom,
Ohio, in 1903. He moved to Davenport in 1916, when his
father, Clyde
Kern,
enrolled at the Palmer School. Donald
completed his
high
school education in Davenport before
studying at Palmer, where he graduated in 1921. After
practising
in Zanesvile, Ohio, for about 3 years, he joined
the PSC faculty in March 1924 and was assigned to the
Spinography Department. He also taught Anatomy during
any absence of Mabel Palmer. He left the faculty in 1926 and
joined his father in Columbus, Ohio, where both were
employed by the
State
Medical Records Department, while
simultaneously conducting a
j o in t
practice. He rejoined the
Palmer faculty in 1946, where he continued
unti l
his death in
1961.
Claude C. Phillips, DC, PhC, was born at Peabody,
Kansas, attended the grade schools there before attending
the Wentworth
Mi l i ta ry
Academy at Lexington, Missouri, in
1918. He graduated from Peabody High School in 1920 and
thereafter managed a large motor supply company i n the heart
of
the
Kansas
oil fields. He enrolled at Palmer in 1922 and
while a senior student helped out in the Spinography
Department. He left the PSC
in
March 1924 to start a practice
in Kentucky, but was recalled to the PSC to help instructing
in
Neurocalometer
(NCM) work.
In November 1924 he was
elected to the faculty to
serve
in the NCM
Research
Department. ' He resigned on
1
October 1927 to enter private
practice.'*'
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In
1925
only one new faculty member was admitted: Hugh
Chester
Chance.
Hugh Chester
Chance
DC,
PhC, was born on 18 October
1884 in W in f i e l d Kansas, where he received his early
education. He took one year of electrical study at the
Oklahoma State College and completed a 5-year course in
Electrical Engineering at Scranton, Pennsylvania, in 1909.
He married Edna Mary Johnson in 1910. Edna Mary was a
first cousin of Hazel Johnson, who had married Frank El l iot t
in 1911. Chet, as he was known, was a sufferer of
severe
migraines, and was being cajoled by the Johnson f ami ly—
there were several chiropractors in the
family—to
try
chiropractic.
He finally relented, stating, I f chiropractic
works,
I l l go to Davenport and take the damn course. He
graduated in March 1924 and was employed on the NCM
staff. In November 1925 he was elected to the faculty in the
Department of Neurocalometer Research.' '
During this decade there was a total o f 65 faculty members,
of
whom 15 served only one year or less and another 7 served
2
years or less. Many of these were hired as
assistants
during
the tumultuous growth after the end of the war. Ten of these
faculty members were recorded as having
seen
active service
during Wor ld War I .
Reduction in student numbers due to the end of the intake
of government-assisted veterans and defection of supporters
after the introduction of the Neurocalometer called for a
reduction
of teaching staff. By the end of 1925 the faculty
had been reduced to 18.
The 1926 1945
ra
The reduced faculty of 1926 started
w i th
18 members, of
whom 4—Steve
Burich,
John Craven, Don
Kern
and Harry
Vedder resigned during 1926.
The remaining faculty members, their starting
dates
and
assignments were:
Palmer, B.J. 1904 Philosophy
Palmer, Mabel H.
1909
Anatomy
Ell iot t
Frank W. 1911
Registrar, Ethics and
Jurisprudence
Hender,
A .B .
1912
Dean, Symptomatology
Hal l
C.C. 1919
Chemistry
Stephan, K.G.
1920
Gynecology
Maybach, R.G. 1920
Neurology
and Orthopedy
Stephenson, Ralph W.
1921 Technique
Richardson, Ray 1921 Spinography
Russell, C.A.
1922 Physiology and Chemistry
Heath, W .L . Jr. 1922 Histology and
Neurocalometer
Phillips, Claude 1924 Histology and Neurology
Hender, H.C. 1924 Symptomatology
Chance, H.C. 1925
Neurocalometer Research
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Donald O Neill
Kern,
DC, PhC
Hugh Chester Chance, DC, PhC
Claude C Phillips, DC, PhC, left the faculty in October
1927
,181
Roy G. Maybach, DC, PhC, left the faculty in 1927 or
1928. No further
information
has
been
discovered.
Carlton
A. Russell, DC, PhC, remained
wi th
the faculty
unti l 1928, when he left for practice in California.'*'
K a r l
G. Stephan, DC, PhC, remained
wi th
the faculty
unt i l about 1929-1930. By January 1931 he had established
a practice at 1027 Ma in Avenue, San Antonio, Texas.'
Otis
E
Cronk, DC, a former faculty member, returned to
the PSC when his son Ken enrolled at the PSC in 1929, and
was employed to teach Technique.'- He was .still on faculty
in
1934,
but did not
appear
on the faculty list for 1936.'
Ralph Waldo Stephenson, DC, PhC, was head of the
Technique Department and started to
assist
in the Philosophy
Department
in
1926.™
Besides
wri t ing
Chiropractic Text Book
in
1927, he also wrote
The rt
OfClziropractic
—a
small book
o f 88 pages dealing
w i t h
the principles of adjusting the
spine—in 1927. '- He left the faculty in 1929 after 8
years
of
service, primarily to take a rest f rom his teaching duties and
to enjoy
some
sunshine in California. ' He may not have
reached
California,
as he estabhshed a practice in Boulder,
Colorado. '
Kenneth
H. Cronk, DC, PhC, MS, graduated from the
PSC in 1930 and gained a Master of Science from the State
University of Iowa. He
became
a member of the Palmer
faculty in 1931, teaching Chemistry and acting as
Athletic
Director. During Wor ld War 11 he served 18 months in the
US Navy. '-'- '
In
1931 F r a n k W. Elliott, DC, PhC, was made redundant
at the Palmer School and the radio stations to make room for
Dave Palmer.'' ' He had been introduced to chiropractic by
his cousin W i l l i am D .
Litde, DC,
of Conway Springs, Kansas,
a 1908 Palmer man, after
E l l i o t t
had injured his back
lifting
hay racks onto a wagon.''
During
his dme on the faculty he
had served as Registrar and Business Manager, had taught
Ethics and Jurisprudence, and acted as Vice-President of the
Palmer School of
Chiropractic.
He served 4 terms in the State
Legislature of Iowa, where he introduced and secured passage
o f the Chiropractic Ac t . In the Palmer Enterprises he served
as General Manager of Radio Station WOC in Davenport
and Radio Station
WHO,
Des Moines and was President of
the Central Broadcasting Company. He was one of the
founders of the National Association of Broadcasters and
elected as their second President. He was awarded a Doctor
o f
Chiropractic Humanities (h.c.) by the Palmer School in
1931 and again later, during Dave Palmer's presidency in
1968. In a recent interview (26 July 2003). Ann Nissen
Chance, now aged 98, former private secretary to
E l l i o t t
stated that after her return to Davenport in
1931,
after having
worked in Washington, DC, as a congressional secretary for
several years, visited Frank E l l i o t t in his
business
office at
226 West 3 ' Street. He had stated that he had no more
connections
w i th
the Palmer enterprises. He was then
sti ll
serving his
fourth
term as a Republican member
o f
the House
o f Representatives in the Iowa legislature, but he d id not stand
for re-election in the November 1932 elections.
*
He
remained in Davenport, located in the Whitaker Building at
228 Brady Street, acting as
business
consultant and real estate
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•
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agent,-
unt i l
moving to Denver, where he established a
practice in 1937 and served the Colorado Chiropractic
Association
as a Director for 27 years. Treasurer for 9 years
and one term as President. He was named Colorado's
Chiropractor
of the Year in 1966 and 1974. He passed away
on
13
August 1976 at the age of 89, after 63
years
of service
to
chiropractic.'
Clyde C . Hal l DC, PhC, remained
wi th
the faculty unt i l
1932 while also conducting a private practice in Davenport.
He started practice in Oakland, California, in 1933. He was
elected to Fellowship in the International College of
Chiropractic
in 1966 and was
sti l l
in practice in 1980.'-**
In September
1933
H . C .
Chance
was placed in charge of
the Department of Neurology and appointed as Director of
the Student
Clinic.
Cognizant that the
students
were practising
on
his own personal licence, he completely reorganized the
student clinic. - ' He was considered an authority on the
nervous system and as a specialist in child psychology, a
skil l
honed in his long-term private practice of pediatrics. *'
The
1934
class composite photograph also included Henry
W. Bruhn who acted as Assistant Treasurer and Assistant
Registrar;
Ralph
Evans at the time personal secretary to
B.J., also taught Ethics and Jurisprudence; William
M.
Brandon Financial Controller, as
wel l
as A . R .
Rickensrud
B A ,
and J . F .
Brewer
DC, whose positions could not be
determined.
Ray
Richardson
DC. PhC, Head of the Spinograph
Department, who had
been
a faculty member since 1921,
resigned in A p r i l
1934
to enter private practice.' He was
replaced by Percy Remier DC, who was recalled to the
faculty to take over the recently vacated position. In 1936
Remier published a
small
book of
64
pages.
The
Chiropractic
Stereoscope, ̂ -
to be followed in 1938 by Modern
X-Ray
Practice
and liiropractic Spinograpliy,
Volume 21 of the
Palmer Green Books. Revised editions appeared in 1947 and
1957. He remained on faculty unt i l the early 1960s.
With the departure of Phillips in 1927, Maybach in 1927
or
1928, Russell in 1928, Stephenson in 1929, Stephan in
1929 or 1930, Ell iot t in 1931 and Richardson in 1934, and
the addition of Otis Cronk, Kenneth Cronk, Percy Remier
and Ralph Evans, the faculty had
been
reduced to 15.
Wi th
the crash of the stockmarket in 1929, the great depression
looming and subsequentiy an even lower student intake, this
number
appeared
to have been more than
adequate.
Ralph Evans
became
private secretary to B.J. in 1925
after having served at the Capitol in Washington, DC, in a
secretarial capacity to Democrat and Republican legislators
for
a period of 10 years.- ' He was first listed on faculty
teaching Ethics And Jurisprudence on a class composite of
1934. He was also in charge of the Correspondence
Department and the promotion and marketing of the Palmer
School ™
By
1935
the
only
members of the 1926 faculty that had
remained were B.J. Palmer, Mabel Palmer,
Al f red B .
Hender,
Wil l i am
L .
Heath, Herbert C. Hender and H . Chester Chance.
Kenneth
H.
C ronk
DC PhC MS
Galen
R. Pr i ce DC PhC
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William Heath Quigley BS DC PhC
Donald Otis P ha r a oh
AA DC PhC
A mid-1930s School Announcement indicated the
fo l lowing faculty:
Palmer, B.J., DC, PhC
Philosophy
Palmer, Mabel, DC, PhC
Anatomy
Hender,
A l f red
B.,
M D
DC, PhC
Dean,
Symptomatology,
Bacteriology,
Gynecology,
Obstetrics
Palmer,
David
D.
Vice-President,
Business Manager
Heath, W i l l i am
L .
DC, PhC Hygiene, Histology,
Neurocalometer
Hender, Herbert C, DC, PhC
Symptomatology,
Pathology
Chance, H.
Chester,
DC, PhC
Pediatrics,
Neurology,
Technique
Cronk,
Kenneth, MS, DC, PhC Chemistry,
Physiology,
Athletic
Director
Remier, Percy
A .
DC
Spinography,
Orthopedy,
Abnormalities
Evans, Ralph
Ethics and
Jurisprudence
Brandon,
W i l l i am
M. Comptroller
Rueffel,
C M . Jr
Student Welfare
Bruhn, Henry W.
Registrar
After
practising in Colorado for
some
6 years, Stephenson
returned to the PSC in 1935 to study HIO Technique, and
was again attached to the faculty. He planned to
prepare
a
second edition of his Chiropractic
Text Booli
by replacing
o ld applications w i t h the new,
while
keeping the never-
changing principles of
chiropractic. ^
Unfortunately he was
not able to conclude this project, as in March 1936 he was
h it
by a bus,
which
tore loose his
right
kidney,
and he
passed
away on 5 A p r i l 1936, less than 2 weeks after the accident, at
the young age of 56.^ '
During
1936 an otherwise unknown
. C . Hartong DC,
PhC, graced the August 1936 class composite photograph as
a faculty member. Other new faculty members during 1936
were Galen R. Price and Ly l e W. Sherman.
Galen R. Price DC, PhC, was born in Earned, Kansas,
on
25 March 1912. He earned a pre-med certificate at Clark
University in Worchester Massachusetts in 1934. Upon
graduation
f rom
the PSC in 1936 he was called to the faculty,
teaching Physiology and Anatomy. In 1938 he gained his PhC
and taught Principles and Philosophy. Upon the death of
Stephenson he revised The
Chiropractic
Text ook for its
second edition in 1938. After the departure
of
Victor Coxon,
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who
had served as Assistant Director of the B.J. Palmer Clinic
from
1938 to
1941,-*
Price
became
Assistant Director and
maintained that position unt i l W or ld War
11
when he served
as a lieutenant in the U.S.
A rmy
Corps of Engineers wi th
General McArthur' s forces in the South Pacific and
Australia.- ' He returned to teaching at the PSC in January
1944,- * and remained on faculty and in administration of the
PSC un t i l 1979. He received a Doctor of Chiropractic
Humanities (h.c.) from Palmer College in 1968, and was
named a Fellow in the Palmer Academy of Chiropractic in
1990.- '
Lyle W. Sherman DC, PhC, was added to the faculty in
1936, teaching Orthopedy, Spinal Abnormalities and X-Ray
echnique ™ After Galen Price's departure for mi l i ta ry
service, Sherman
became
Assistant
Director o f
the
B.J.
Palmer
Clinic a position he held unt i l the early 1950s.
Donald
Otis Pharaoh AA, DC, PhC, was born in
Worchester, Massachusetts on 27 August 1914. He grew up
in Riverside, California, graduated from Riverside Junior
College and attended the University of California at Los
Angeles. Playing semi-professional football, he sustained a
back
injury which
led
him
to chiropractic. He graduated
from
the PSC i n 1936, practised for a short time in California before
moving to Sydney, Australia, where he purchased the practice
of Lucil le
Mu i r
DC, located at 155
K i ng
Street, and operated
the practice as Scientific Chiropractic Health Service in
partnership
wi th
Cloy Lee Francis, DC. He practised there
for about a year before returning to Palmer for post-graduate
studies on 7 December 1937, having sold his practice to
Will iam
Hyde, DC. Pharaoh
became
a member
of
the faculty
in
1938 teaching
Anatomy,
Histology, and acting as
Athletic
Director. He authored 2 books. Correlative Chiropractic
Hygiene
in 1946 and Chiropractic
Orthopedy
in 1956 as
Volume 34 of the Palmer Green Books. In 1957 he became
the founder and faculty advisor of Pi Tau Delta, a national
chiropractic
honor society, o f which one of the authors (REP)
was one of the first inductees in the same year. Pharaoh was
named Dean of Basic Sciences and remained on the faculty
unt i l his premature death on 30 September 1967, at the age