BORANG PENGESAHAN STATUS TESIS*

JUDUL: DIGITAL PHOTO LIBRARY FOR UTeM: A STUDY ON PHOTO COMPOSITION AND CREATIVE IMAGING

SESI PENGAJIAN: 2 - 200712008

Saya RAFIDAH BINTI JA'AFAR (HURUF BESAR)

mengaku membenarkan tesis (PSM/Sqana/Doktor Falsafah) ini disimpan di Perpustakaan Fakulti Teknologi Malilumat dan Komunikasi dengan syarat-syarat kegunaan seperti berikut :

1. Tesis dan projek adalah h a h l i k Universiti Tehikal Malaysia Melaka. 2. Pepustakaan Fakulti Teknologi Maklumat dan Komunikasi dibenarkan

membuat salinan untuk tujuan pengajian sahaja 3. Perpustakaan Fakulti Teknologi Maklumat dan Komuni kasi dibenarkan

membuat salinan tesis ini sebagai bahan pertukaran antara institusi penglian tinggi.

4. ** Sila tandakan ( I )

SULIT (Mengandungt maklumat yang berdqah keselamatan untuk kepentingan Malaysia seperti yang termaktub di dalam AKTA M S I A M S M I 1972)

TERHAD (Mengandungt maklumat TERHAD yang telah ditentukan oleh organisasi/badan di mana penyelidikan dij alankan)

/ TIDAK TERHAD

ihb (TANDAT GAN PENYELIA)

Alarnat tetap: No. 3, Jln. Forest Heights 1, Muhammad Haziq Lim Abdullah Seremban Forest Heights, 70450 Nama Penyelia Seremban, Negeri Sembilan.

Tarikh: 2y34d sag Tarikh:

CATATAN: *Tesis dimaksudkan sebagai Laporan Akhir Proj ek Sarjana Muda (PSM)

** Jika tesis ini SULIT atau TERHAD, sila lampirkan surat daripada plhak berkuasa.

DIGITAL PHOTO LIBRARY FOR UTeM: A STUDY ON PHOTO COMPOSITION AND CREATIVE IMAGING

RAFIDAH BINTI JA'AFAR

This report is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Bachelor of Computer Science (Interactive Media)

FACULTY OF INFORMATION AND C O M i C A T I O N TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITI TEKNIKAL MALAYSIA MELAKA

2008

DECLARATION

I hereby declare that this project report entitled

DIGITAL PHOTO LIBRARY FOR UTeM:

A STUDY ON PHOTO COMPOSITION AND CREATIVE IMAGING

is written by me and is my oivn effort and that no part has been plagiarized

without citations

STUDENT : @ ' / Date: L7 T v ~ h o t

(RAFIDAH BINTI JA'AFAR)

SUPERVISOR: ate: flqEJ 2N (MUHAMMAD HAZIQ LIM BIN ABDULLAI-I)

DEDICATION

To my beloved husband, Mohd Fazreen Mohd who always give a full of support, My beloved mother and father, Ja'afar Abd. Rahman & Khadijah Mohd Asmawi,

and Mohd Jamuri & Norsah Abu Bakar who are always motivate me, Supervisor, Muhammad Haziq Lim Abdullah for the guidance and ideas,

All my friends for giving me support to finish up this project. Thanks a lot.

First of all, praise to Allah S.W.T. because of His will I could complete my project

even though I have to work hard for it. I would like to thank to my supervisor Mr.

Muhammad Haziq Lim Abdullah for giving assistant to complete this project

successfully.

I would also like to thank my beloved husband and parents who have been giving me

support and motivation throughout my project.

Also to all my friends who are always give me support to finish this project.

ABSTRACT

Digital Photo Library for UTeM: A Study on Photo Composition and Creative Imaging is a project that is combines the study on photo composition and the development of web base photo library system. The main purpose of this project is to study on the photo composition. There are three rules that will be study in this project which are The Rule of Third, The Golden Section Rule and The Diagonal Rule. All the rule will be apply as a technique to capture the UTeM photos. Then, all the photos that have been captured will be stored in the web base photo library system for an easy access. The web base photo library system will be developing using PHP lanwage and MySQL database.

ABSTRAK

"Ilig'tai Photo I,ibrary for 7JTeM: A Sfu@ on Photo Composition and ('reafise Imaging" mempakan satu projek yang menggabungkan kajian mengenai komposisi foto dan pembangunan sebuah sistem berasaskan web bagi menyimpan foto. Tujuan utama projek ini dibangunkan adalah untuk mengkaji mengenai komposisi foto. Terdapat tiga teknik yang biasa digunakan untuk merakam foto iaitu "liule gf Third". "Golden Section Rtile " dan "Diagonal Rule ". Teknik-teknik ini akan digunakan semasa merakam foto-foto di sekitar kampus UTeM. Gambar- gambar tersebut kemudiannya akan dikumpul dan disimpan di dalam sistem bagi memudahkan pencarian. Sistem ini akan dibangunkar! menggunakan bahasa pengaturcaraan PHP dan MySQL sebagai pangkalan data.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER

CHAPTER I

SUBJECT

DECLARATION

DEDICATION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

ABSTRACT

ABSTRAK

TABLE OF CONTENTS

LIST OF TABLES

LIST OF FIGURES

LIST OF ABREVIATIONS

LIST OF ATTACHMENTS

INTRODUCTON

1.1 Project Background

1.2 Problem Statement

1.3 Objective

1.4 Scope

1.5 Project Significance

1.6 Conclusion

CHAPTER I1 LITERATURE REVIEW & PROJECT METHODOLOGY

PAGE

ii

iii

iv

v

vi

vii

xi

xii

xv

xvi

2.1 . Introduction

Domain

2.2.1 UTeM Photo Library System

Existing System

2.3.1 Photographic Composition

2.3.2 Existing Photo Library

2.3.2.1 Antarctic Photo Library

2.3.2.2 NOAA Photo Library

2.3.2.3 Science Photo Library

2.3.3 Comparison of Existing System

Project Methodology

Pre-Production

2.4.1.1 Define ideas

2.4.1.2 Select Hardware

2.4.1.3 Scout for Location

Production

2.4.2.1 Photo Shooting

2.4.2.2 Produce Library

Post-Production

2.4.3.1 Archiving

2.4.3.2 Testing and Evaluation

Project Requirements

2.5.1 Software Requirements

2.5.2 Hardware Requirements

Conclusion

CHAPTER III ANALYSIS

3.1 Current Scenario Analysis

3.2 Requirement Analysis

3.2.1 Project Requirement

3.2.1.1 Need Analysis

3.2.1.2 User Analysis

3.2.1.3 Content Analysis

3.2.1.4 Technical 'Analysis

3.2.1.5 Resource Analysis

3.2.1.6 Requirement Gathering

3.2.2 SoRware Requirement

3.2.3 Hardware Requirement

3.3 Project Schedule and Milestones

3.4 Conclusion

CHAPTER IV DESIGN

4.1 Introduction

4.2 System Architecture

4.3 Preliminary Design

4.3.1 Storyboard Design

4.3.1.1 Photo Design

4.3.1.2 Photo Library Design

4.4 User Interface Design

4.4.1 Navigation Design

4.4.2 Input Design

4.4.3 Output Design

4.4.4 Database Design

4.4.5 Metaphors

4.4.6 Template Design

4.4.7 Uploading Files

4.5 Conclusion

CHAPTER V IMPLEMENTATION

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Media Creation

5.2.1 Production of Texts

5.2.2 Production of Graphic

5.3 Media Integration

5.4 Production Configuration Management

5.4.1 Configuration ~nvironment Setup

5.4.2 Version Control Procedure

5.5 Implementation Status

5.6 Conclusion

CHAPTER VI TESTING AND EVALUATION

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Test Plan

6.2.1 TestUser

6.2.2 Test Environment

6.2.3 Test Schedule

6.2.4 Test Strategy

6.2.4.1 Classes of Test

6.3 Test Implementation

6.3.1 Test Description

6.3.2 Test Data

6.3.3 Test Result and Analysis

6.3.4 Analysis Testing

6.4 Conclusion

CHAPTER WI PROJECT CONCLUSION

7.1 Observation on Weaknesses and Strengths 105

7.2 Proposition for Improvement 106

7.3 Contribution 106

7.4 Conclusion 106

REFERENCES APPENDICES

LIST OF TABLES

TABLE TITLE

Color Vocabulary

The Comparison between Photographers

The Comparison between Photo Libraries

The Comparison between D40/40X, D50 and D70s

Nikon D40X Specification

Design Elements

System's Users

Windows XP Features

Adobe Photoshop CS2 Features

PSM Activity

Three Tier System Architecture Description

Main Interface Design

Admin Interface Design

Admin View Photo Interface Design

Update Interface Design

User Interface Design

Input Design for Search Function

Input Design for Login Function

Input Design for Upload Function

Input Design for Update Function

Output Design for Update Photo

Photo Table Dictionaries

Admin Table Structure Dictionaries

Color Description

Project Text Production

Graphic Description

PAGE

Server Configuration

Version Control Procedure

The Implementation Status

Test Schedule

Functionality Testing

Usability Testing

User Acceptance Testing

Test Data for Functionality Test

Test Data for Usability Test

Test Data for User Acceptance

Mean, Median and Mode for Functionality Testing

Mean, Median and Mode for Usability Testing

Mean, Median and Mode for User Acceptance Testing

LIST OF FIGURES

DIAGRAM TITLE PAGE

Placing the Subject

Rule of Thirds

Golden Section Rule

Diagonal Rule

The Patterns and Texture Combination

Textures

Analogous Colors

Complementary Color

Warm Colors

Cool Colors

Photo by Ted Adnan

Photo by Kevin Han

Photo by Stephen Shore

People Faces

Principles of Thirds

Unbalance Photos

Dynamic Symmetry

Symmetrical or Formal Balance

Symmetrical or Formal Balance

Asymmetrical or Informal Balance

Antarctic Photo Library Main Interface

Antarctic Photo Library Photo List

NOAA Photo Library Main Interface

NOAA Photo Library Photo List

Science Photo Library Main Interface

Multimedia Production Process

Nikon D40X

Antarctic Photo Library Page's Link Flowchart

NOAA Photo Library Page's Link Flowchart

Science Photo Library Page's Link Flowchart

The rose

Image Weight

The Bottom Weight Image

The Top Weight Images

Three Tier System Architecture

Photos System Architecture

Abstract

Abstract

Building

Class

Environment

Facility

Faculty

Library

Laboratory

People

UTeM Photo Library Navigation Design

User View (Grid View)

UTeM Photo Library Main Interface

User's Page

Uploading File

The Production of Texts

Production of Graphic

Media Integration Process

Mean Graph for Functionality Test

Mean Graph for Usability Test

Mean Graph for User Acceptance Test

LIST OF ABREV'IATIONS

UTeM - Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka

LCD - Liquid Crystal Display

NOAA - National Oceanic and Atmospheric

SPL - Science Photo Library

IS0 - International Organization of Standardization

FTP - File Transfer Protocol

CSS - Cascading Style Sheet

xvi

ATTACHMENT

LIST OF ATTACHMENTS

TITLE

Gantt Chart

UTeM Photo Library Interfaces

Photos

Coding

Questionnaires

PAGE

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Project Background

This project is to study on photo composition and creative imaging which can

control the look of photos. There are some disciplines that the photographer has to

follow while capturing photos to make it look different from others. Three basic

principles of composition define the way image elements work together. These are

balance, perspective and juxtaposition. The principles of this composition will be

study in this project.

With the development of this project, it can help the user to find photos about

UTeM campus in the easy way because the photos will be stored in one library.

The organization that will use this project is Universiti Teknikal Malaysia

Melaka (UTeM) and anyone that want to find the photos about UTeM campus. This

project is to develop the digital photo library which contains photos about UTeM.

This is much easier to find the photo that is wants to use. There will be ten areas that

will be cover in this project. The areas are Building, Faculty, Department,

Laboratory, Class, Library, Peoples, Environment, Facilities and Abstract.

1.2 Problem Statement

The project is triggered due to limited source of photos that university can use

for reference, design etc. photos that will be capture will describe about the

university to the viewers.

This project is also to do research about photo composition and creative

imaging which are not many people know. By doing the research we can learn more

about the matter. This can help to build up the techniques and skills which are very

usefbl in capturing photos.

Besides that, the difficulty to search UTeM photos required a proper photo

library to store all photos taken and shareable to all users that required it.

1.3 Objective

The objectives for this project are:

I. To study the artistic development of photography and the use of

cameras, lenses, film and exposure designed to aid in and awareness of

camera techniques and photo composition.

This project can help to increase the awareness and understanding the

interrelationship between photography and the creative arts. It can give

cognitive information as well as an experience in creating good photographs.

The research is done more on the photos itself The way to capture the photos

to make it looks different from other photos.

ii. To capture photos according to defined scopes that can portray the

overall scenes of the university.

The photos that will be capture are divided into category that has been

defined. Each category will have at least 20 high resolution images.

iii. To organize and develop a digital photo website for UTeM as a photo

library.

A simple photo library web based system will be create using the

combination of three basic software which are Adobe Dreamweaver, PHP

and MySQL. The main function of the system is searching engine that help

user to search photos either by their category or by description. Other

hnctions are update, delete and insert which will be organizing by the admin.

By creating the photo library, it is much easier for user to find what types of

pictures they want to use. Ths is because, with the photo library, user can

easily access the photo as easy as they want to.

1.4 Scope

The scope of this project is to capture photos around UTeM campus and will

be use by UTeM itself and anyone for those who are interested to take a look and

download for UTeM photos. There are ten areas that will be covered during the

photo shooting which are Building, Faculty, Department, Laboratory, Class, Library,

Peoples, Environment, Facilities, and Abstract. Each of these areas will consist of at

least 20 high resolution pictures. These pictures will then be organized in a photo

library for easy access. The photo library will be developing using PHP and MySQL.

There are two modules which are Admin and User module.

1.5 Project Significance

With the development of this project, it can help by storing all the photos

about the university in one digital photo library. This can make easy if someone want

to use the photos by finding them in the library. All the photos that have been

captured will be divided into their own category that has been stated before.

From this project, the study on photo composition and creative imaging can

be done. The research is done by capturing photos around the UTeM campus. Skill is

much important to make the photos looks meaningful.

All of the photo that has been captured will be stored in one library. This is

the easy way to find which photos suitable as it use for any requirements. The photos

will be categorized with their own category. So the user can find it by the category.

From the research done, we can also study and learn about the technique of

capturing photos to make the photos looks meaningful to viewers.

1.6 Conclusion

The main purpose of developing this project is to make one digital photos

library for UTeM use and anyone for those who has an internet connection and want

to have a look at UTeM photos. Its contain pictures that will describes about this

university. This project is not just developing the photos library, but also to study on

photo composition and creative imaging which can control the look of photos.

The literature values and project methodology that shows the specific

requirements, the facts and finding that related with this project will be explain in

next chapter.

CHAPTER I1

LITERATURE R E m W & PROJECT METHODOLOGY

2.1 Introduction

This chapter describes in detail about the related literature that have been

written earlier to support the project title. It is listed the main point and it will effects

the whole project. The type and hnction of methodology that has been chosen to use

in the development of this project will be also explained in this chapter.

The literature review is referring to searching, collecting, analyzing and

making conclusion from information that has been collected. In terms of the

literature review, it is means the works that has been consulted in order to understand

and investigate in research problem.

The purpose of the literature review is to convey to reader what is knowledge

and ideas on the project. It allows reader to bring up to date regarding the state of

research in the field and familiarizes the reader with any contrasting perspectives and

viewpoints of this project.

The literature is compared based on the technique, approach and

methodology that used also opinion of author about the topic that has been research.

Next, it will explain all the hardware and sofiware that require developing the project

and project schedule that described the flow of project development.

2.2 Domain

A photograph is a story that can be a series of sentences connected to each

other. The same is true about photography. To create a photograph, it is not enough

just to take an image of something. The first impression from a photograph is

determined by the composition balance of an image.

To increase the expressiveness of your digital pictures, apply the picture

composition rules while taking the photos or modeling their edges. There are three

rules of photo composition which are Rule of Thirds, Golden Section Rule and

Diagonal Rule.

1. Rule of Thirds

The Rule of Thirds is based on the fact that the human eye is naturally drawn

to a point about two-thirds up a page. Crop your photo so that the main subjects are

located around one of the intersection points rather than in the center of the image

Figure 2.1: Placing the Subject

Too often, photographs have their subject placed smack in the middle,

making the image look dull and uninteresting. A simple shift in composition can

change all that. The Rule of Thirds is probably one of the cardinal rules of

composition. Mentally divide your viewfinder or LCD screen into thirds, using two

vertical and two horizontal lines to create nine smaller rectangles and four points

where the lines intersect. It has been repeatedly shown that by placing objects over

these intersections, a pleasing and balanced arrangement often results, whether the

composition is horizontal or vertical. When an image's center of interest is placed at

one of these intersections, balance in the picture can often be achieved by placing a

secondary object known as a "counterpoint" at the opposing intersection.

As mentioned earlier, the "Rule of Thirds" is not a rule at all but it's a

guideline, intended to help when you are uncertain as to the placement of elements in

a scene when framing the picture. By ignoring the rule, you may still have a great

picture, depending on the content of the image and how well its elements are

balanced. For example, if you want your viewer to ignore all other parts of your

composition, then place your center of interest smack in the middle, like a bull's eye.

The important thing is to note the reasons for object placement in your images.

Figure 2.2: Rule of Thirds

ii. Golden Section Rule

It has been found that certain points in a picture's composition automatically

attract the viewer's attention. Similarly, many natural or man-made objects and

scenes with certain proportions whether by chance or by design automatically please

us. Leonardo da Vinci investigated the principle that underlies our notions of beauty

and harmony and called it the Golden Section. Long before Leonardo, however,

Babylonian, Egyptian, and ancient Greek masters also applied the Golden Section

proportion in architecture and art.