nAm I B I A U n IVE RS ITV OF SCIEnCE AnD TECHnOLOGY

Faculty of Human Sciences

Department of Education and Languages

COURSE: English in Practice COURSE CODE: EPR511S

DATE: November 2016 SESSION: First Opportunity

DURATION: 3 Hours MARKS: 100

EXAMINER(S)

MODERATOR:

FIRST OPPORTUNITY EXAMINATION QUESTION PAPER

Ms C. Botes Ms M. Chimwamurombe Ms J. Eiseb Ms T. Frans Ms L. Haulofu Ms J. lndongo Ms E. lthindi MrB. Kamwi Mr J. Lasso-Rey Ms C. Sibalatani Ms E. Ucham Mr A. Tjijoro

MrM. Mhene

THIS QUESTION PAPER CONSISTS OF 10 PAGES (Including this front page)

INSTRUCTIONS

1. Answer ALL the questions.

2. Write clearly and neatly.

3. Number the answers clearly.

PERMISSIBLE MATERIALS

1. Examination paper 2. Examination script

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PART 1: READING COMPREHENSION [25]

Read the text below and answer all the questions that follow.

The Great African Donkey Rush

Forget gold, diamonds or rhino horn. The hottest commodity in Africa right now- the most prized ass-et, if you will - is the humble donkey, thanks to a critical donkey shortage in China. But even this hardy beast of burden is struggling to carry the weight of an insatiable demand.

Humanity owes a lot to the donkey. Domesticated for over five millennia, donkeys have been used for farming, transport, food and warfare. Hardy, reliable and uncomplaining, they are the ultimate beast of burden, not to mention the preferred ride of a certain Jesus Christ.

But as the world has industrialised, so donkeys are losing their place in it. Machines farm better, cars are faster, and donkey meat is an acquired taste. Only the very poorest communities still rear and rely on donkeys for their day-to-day needs.

Nowhere is this more apparent than in China. After two decades of high economic growth, the country's donkey population has nearly halved: from 11-million in the late 1990s to just six million today.

The precipitous decline in donkey numbers has had an unintended consequence for a lucrative local industry: Chinese traditional medicine. When boiled, donkey skin produces a rubbery, gelatine-like substance, known as ejiao, which is believed to cure coughs, relieve insomnia and revitalise blood. lt is a key ingredient in many popular Chinese tonics and medicines.

But these days, there simply aren't enough Chinese donkeys to make enough ejiao, so manufacturers are looking further afield. Specifically, they are looking to Africa, where donkey populations remain in rude health.

In Niger, some 80,000 donkeys have been exported to China this year, compared to 27,000 in 2015. In Burkina Faso, donkey traders sold 18,000 animals to international buyers in the first quarter of 2016, up from just 1,000 for the same period last year. In Kenya, a special donkey abattoir was opened in Naivasha to cater for the burgeoning Chinese market.

This thriving export market is not without considerable drawbacks, however. In Niger, for example, the price of donkeys has risen from $34 to $147, pricing out farmers and merchants who need to purchase donkeys to maintain their livelihoods. Government officials are also worried that the glut of exports will "decimate" local donkey populations.

In response, Niger banned donkey exports, following in the footsteps of Burkina Faso which implemented similar regulations last month. In Ougadougou, the situation was taken so seriously that it was discussed twice in cabinet meetings before the ban was announced, according to AFP.

In South Africa, meanwhile, the surge in donkey demand has led to a spate of theft and cruelty towards the animals.

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"The National Council of Societies for the Protection of Animals (NSPCA) is horrified to confirm that donkeys are the latest victims of the trade in animal parts 'for medicinal purposes' to the Far East. Donkeys are being rounded up/stolen, then transported and brutally slaughtered for their skins," said the NSPCA in a statement earlier this month.

The NSPCA cited one incident in which 42 donkeys were stolen from a village in North West province, and subsequently slaughtered and skinned. In another incident, 70 "sick, weak and emaciated" donkeys were discovered on a plot outside Bloemfontein. The owner of the plot confirmed that he intended to ship their skins to China.

Rhinos and donkeys may not have a lot in common, but populations of both are being devastated by the demand from traditional medicine in Asia. The message from conservation groups like NSPCA is clear: no more donkey business. But this seems unlikely to deter Chinese traditional medicine buyers, who- especially when there's this much money on the line- can be as stubborn as a mule.

[The Daily Maverick, 20 September 2016]

1.1 Name the four uses of donkeys by humans over the many years since their domestication. (4)

1.2 Name three medicinal uses ofthe Chinese ejiao. (3)

1.3 Which two countries have banned donkey exports to China? (2)

1.4 What has the increase in donkey demand led to in the case of South Africa? (2)

1.5 Mention the two animals whose products are used for medicinal purposes in Asia . (2)

1.6 Determine whether the following statements are TRUE or FALSE.

(a) There is no serious donkey shortage in Asia at the moment. (1) (b) Donkeys are no longer needed in an industrialised world. (1) (c) Donkeys are no longer needed in China. (1) (d) Donkeys are captured and violently slayed for their skins. (1) (e) About seventy frail and skinny donkeys were discovered near Bloemfontein in

South Africa . (1)

1.7 Choose the most appropriate answer by encircling only one option from A, B, C, or D to answer the following questions. (5)

(i) Donkeys have been domesticated over ...

A fifty millennia B five hundred millennia C five millennia D None of the above.

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(ii) The precipitous decline in donkey numbers had had an ...

A intended consequence for a lucrative local industry. B unintended consequence for a lucrative local industry. C unintended consequence for a less than lucrative local industry. D unintended consequence for a unprofitable local industry.

(iii) In Kenya a special donkey abattoir was opened in ...

A Ougadougou B Bloemfontein C North West province D None ofthe above.

(iv) The hottest commodity in Africa right now is ...

A gold B diamond C donkey D rhino horn

(v) A donkey, the ultimate beast of burden, is ...

A not struggling to carry the weight of an insatiable demand. B struggling to carry the weight of an insatiable demand. C struggling to carry the weight of a quenchable demand. D None of the above.

1.8 Explain the following phrase from the last paragraph in your own words.

"Chinese traditional medicine buyers can be as stubborn as a mule"

PART 2: GRAMMAR

Read the following extract and answer the questions based on it.

(2)

[25]

Eddie telephoned the other evening, Wednesday. He asked about Harold and I told him

everything. I avoided 2.4.1(giving/to give) him too many details though. He didn't say

goodbye though, he just kept chattering and chattering- then he asked suddenly if he could

come over to see me. That very night. His voice quavered and I was just so shocked!- but I

should have seen it coming over the years. I should have seen it coming. I told him it was too

late, I was going to bed, but could he please put my daughter on the phone for a minute?

That seemed 2.4.2 (calming/to calm) his emotions.

One of them stood on the sidewalk that day, staring at me. No, it was on a boardwalk. The

air stank with something heavy and queer and dark. I giggled, I ran away and never looked

back. Now one of them is outside the house at this very moment. He's waiting, watching for

me. If I move the blind, he will see me. If I snap on the light and raise the blind even a few

inches, he will see me. What has he to do with that old man in the hospital, what have I to

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do with that old man ... ? But I can't help being frightened. I am not good at 2.4.3

(pretending/to pretend). I would like 2.4.4 (running/to run) away from everything.

2.1 Change the following sentences into reported speech:

a) She said, "I have told Harold about all my plans."

b) Harold said, "I want to come over tomorrow."

2.2 Answer the questions below on conditionals:

{3)

{3)

2.2.1 Identify the type of conditional used in the underlined sentence in paragraph 2. {2)

2.2.2 Change the conditional sentence in 2.2.1 into the conditional types indicated below:

a) Second conditional type

b) Third conditional type

2.3.1 Rewrite the following sentences in the passive voice:

a) Someone is watching the woman's every move.

b) Her daughter solved all her problems.

2.3.2 Rewrite the following sentences in the active voice:

a) The lady was being chased down the street by two men.

b) My mother has been stalked by a stranger.

{2)

{2)

{1)

{1)

{1)

{1)

2.4 Choose between the gerund or infinitive to complete the sentences, numbered 2.4.1 to 2.4.4 in the passage. Write down only the correct word. {4)

2.5 Answer the questions below on tenses.

2.5.1 Identify the tense used in the sentence which is underlined in the first paragraph. {1)

2.5.2 Change the underlined sentence in the first paragraph into the tenses indicated below.

a) Simple Present Tense

b) Simple Future Tense

c) Past Continuous Tense

d) Present Perfect Tense

{1)

{1)

{1)

{1)

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PART 3: CRITICAL READING

Read the short story below, Legal Alien, written by Rutangye C. Butungi, and answer the

questions that follow at the end of the text.

Legal Alien, by Rutangye C. Butungi

[20]

I can't believe the receptionist is not going to take my consultation fee just because I'm from

her tribe! I thought corruption was only for the politicians and big businessmen. But here, in

a small town clinic, I am going to be the beneficiary of a corrupt doctor's receptionist. Is this

a good thing or a bad thing? Well, I don't care right now. I have spent the day running

around offices getting papers stamped. Now, I have to get a doctor to give me a check-up,

approve this medical form, and stamp it. I was about to walk out of this clinic because the

consultation fee alone, without the medical check-up fee, was way too high. But then, the

receptionist glimpsed my name on the form and said, "Eh, you mean you are from my

village! Why didn't you tell me your surname, I would have done you a favour." Then she

started chatting away in our language.

"If you had told me where you were from, I wouldn't have told you to pay that high

consultation fee. In fact, I've got enough for today, so don't bother paying for consultation.

Just wait for the patient who is in now to come out and you can go in for your check-up."

Thank goodness she sneaked those last sentences in English. She started rattling on in our

language again. I dared not inform her that I didn't understand a single word she was saying.

Today was not going to be the day I revealed my excuse for not knowing my mother tongue.

I will not reveal to her that I became aware of my vernacular deprivation in '93, when I was a

child. Daddy had taken me to the classroom and left me there. I stopped sobbing when the

teacher led me in. The room was so big! There were over a hundred children in there; at

least seven pupils on each of the fifteen or so benches. The walls were dirty, and you could

see where the blue paint had been chipped at by enthusiastic kids. There were no

cupboards, no teacher's desk, no carpet, no sleeping corner, no tiles. The room held only

children, benches, a cemented floor and a huge, old blackboard positioned at the front. I

looked up at the man who I assumed was the class teacher, as I'd heard my daddy address

him as Mr. Muhangazima, and asked, "Where is the fridge?"

There were loud gasps and the class started laughing. I began to cry again. Mr.

Muhangazima bent down and quietly said, "This is a classroom. We don' t keep fridges in

classrooms. We don't have a fridge in the school, except the one in the canteen."

"But where will I keep my break time snacks?" "Just leave them in your bag and then put it at the back of the classroom."

I couldn't understand my new surroundings. Back in Australia, my Grade 2 class- with just

thirty pupils - was the biggest in the whole school. Each class had a fridge to keep snacks

until break time and a microwave to warm them. And, we could wear anything we wanted,

not like this school where I had to wear white socks pulled up to my knees and a green and

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white checked dress. Mr. Muhangazima took me to a bench at the back of the classroom.

There were five pupils seated at it.

11Daisy is a good girl" he said as he beckoned me into a seat next to a thin lipped girl, 11She

will make friends with you." He walked away chuckling as though it was hard for him to

suppress his laughter. As soon as I sat and said 11hello", Daisy pulled away from me and in

doing so almost pushed the others off the bench. She looked down at her book and

continued doing the Math exercises that Mr. Muhangazima had left on the board. I had

never have to add fifteen to twelve without using building blocks, so I could not understand

a thing. Every time I tried to ask Daisy to explain, she inched further and further away from

me. lt was as if she was blocking me. There was some barrier I could not penetrate.

Barriers. My attention was brought back to the receptionist's incessant rambling.

Somewhere in between, I figured out she had offered me a seat in the waiting area right in

front of her desk. lt's 2011 and I still feel like there are barriers I cannot penetrate, like this

one. What on earth is she saying to me? lt's been 18 years and I still feel like that girl my

classmates were inching away from. I can't break into certain social circles because of this

barrier. Either I'm trying to break into people's lives, but they shrink from me because they

don't understand me or I'm avoiding people because I'm too ashamed to reveal that I don't

understand them. I wish I could hide from the receptionist right now. What if she figures out

that I can't speak our language? Will she still think of me as a village mate or will she feel

taken advantage of and withdraw her no-consultation-fee offer? I've encountered so many

barriers; age barriers, education barriers, gender barriers, but none has made me feel as

alienated as the language barrier. Perhaps next time I walk into a place I should speak with a

foreign accent so that people can immediately address me in English. Urgh!! That thought

reminds me again of that first day in school.

After that episode with Daisy, it was time for social sciences. The teacher was skinny and tall.

She walked to the front of the class and crooned, 11Good morning P.3 K."

"Good morning, Miss Nakanwagi!" Everyone stood up to greet her. "Good. Sit down. Where is the new girl?" Everyone turned and looked at me. 11 Eh, they have not yet cut your hair? Did the headmaster give you permission to keep your hair long?" I hadn't noticed that none of the girls had hair on their heads. Before I had time to think

about it, the teacher had sent a boy from the front of the class to the back and told me to

take his place. Halfway through the lesson, I began to feel stupid because I couldn't answer

any questions. She was asking about Muntu and Sera -the first humans on earth and then

moved on to some tale. Then she asked the shape ofthe world. Finally! I shot my hand up- I

definitely knew the answer to this one!

11Yes new girl. Stand up and give us the answer." 11 lt's a circle ." I shouted, beaming. The class burst out laughing.

11Repeat!" The teacher made me repeat my answer until my new classmates started mimicking my accent. I sat down, depressed. Everyone was laughing at me.

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I was so relieved when it was time for break. I wished I could have hidden somewhere in the

school and not return for another class! Before walking off to eat, I went to thank the

teachers for their classes. My thanking them sparked off some kind of debate.

"Wamma, go and have your break before the bell rings."

When I turned round to look for a place to sit, I wished I could have stayed with Mr.

Muhangazima instead, because all the children were avoiding me. The school was so big.

When daddy and I had reported to the headmaster's office that morning, the headmaster

asked which colour I liked best among yellow, blue, red, green and white. "Green", I had

said, because I was in green house in my school in Australia. So he allocated me to P.3K

because all the · K classes were in the green building of Eland house. Whoever designed the

school was very organized, because each block of classes had five classrooms for the five

streams. And the classes were huge; accommodating over a hundred pupils per stream. I sat

on a step on the veranda of my P.3 block, near the teacher's table. I began to eat the bread

and cake mummy had packed for me. Then Daisy came up to me with another boy and

asked, "Wamma, did you use to talk to Eddie Murphy?"

"Who is Eddie Murphy?" I responded. "The one who acted in Coming to America." "I don't know Eddie Murphy. I came from Australia, not America" "This boy said that your father is a black American! He saw your dad bringing you, he even heard him talking like from America." "No. My father is Ugandan, but we used to live in Australia." "You see I told you!" she said to the boy and they walked off arguing.

Then, break time was done. The English teacher was awful. She started with my bench which was at the front. I couldn't open my book with the homework she wanted, because since it was my first day at a Ugandan school; I didn't have any homework completed. I didn't want her to get to me because I hated the way she was screaming insults about everyone's work. But I didn't have enough time to nurture my fear because I was the fourth person in the row. "Where is your homework?" she asked. "I'm-"

"Don't tell me your nonsense!! Where is your homework?" Before I could answer, her hand slapped me hard across my face. "Didn't you hear me telling people to open their homework on the bench?"

The multiple shouts from the class telling her that I was a new pupil silenced her.

"Eh, sorry." And she walked on, just like that, screaming at the next person in her broken English. I had never been slapped before, except by my mummy. I had tried to be superman and flew

off the top of a cupboard and sprained my knee and pretended to be dead. She was so

scared and angry and happy at the same time, so all she could do was slap me for giving her

such a fright. But why would a teacher beat a student? In Australia, a teacher hit a child once

in my nursery school and was arrested. No one is allowed to beat children there, except

their parents or guardians, and even then, there were restrictions on how much a parent

could beat their own child.

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I sobbed and cried quietly throughout the Engl ish lesson that day. I thought I would find

peace in Uganda, but instead, the English teacher had just slapped me. I tried hard not to

pee in my pants in terror of it all. I resolved never to come back to school again. But then, as

soon as the teacher ended her class, the children sitting around me started saying sorry and

offering me sweets and telling me how I'd get used to the beatings and all. Suddenly, I was

making friends. The children were no longer scared of talking to me. This began my

orientation into my country, Uganda.

Adapted from: British Council {2013). Suubi: A collection of short

stories and poems from the African Writers Trust's creative writing

programme

3.1 From which point of view is the story above narrated? Explain your answer. {2)

3.2 Describe the main setting in terms of place. {1)

3.3 Which character would be regarded as the protagonist in th is story? (1)

3.4 Mention any two themes emerging from the story. {2)

3.5 In one brief sentence, describe how the main character is portrayed in this story. {2)

3.6 Say whether the following statements are True or False. {4)

a. The plot of Legal Alien is presented in jumbled order.

b. The principle of causality features in this story.

c. The plot presents personified characters.

d. The story ends inconclusively, without any kind of resolution .

3.7 What is the climax of this story? Explain in one brief sentence. {2)

3.8 Mention two incidences in which the narrator felt victimised due to language barriers.

{2)

3.9 Give one example of how the author of Legal Alien has used flashbacks in the story.

{2)

3.10 Do you think the title of this short story is appropriate? Motivate your answer. {2)

PART 4: ESSAY WRITING [30]

Write an essay based on ONE of the following topics. You should write between 300 and

350 words (about one and a half pages). Indicate the number of words used.

4.1 Many people prefer to live with a partner rather than getting married. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of live-in relationships as opposed to marriage. Which, in your opinion is better?

4.2 "All countries should use the same currency." Discuss your opinion of this statement.

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4.3 "Organ transplants are unethical and should not be allowed." Discuss whether you agree with this statement or not and discuss the positive and negative implications of organ transplants.

4.4 Would you rather work from home or from an office? Explain the reasons for your choice.

4.5 Many people believe that travelling is a huge waste of money and time while others believe it is vital to explore and travel the world. What are the pros and cons of extensive travelling?

4.6 Discuss the ways in which sport can be promoted in Namibia.