BRNO UNIVERSITY OF BRNO UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGYTECHNOLOGY

Faculty of Civil EngineeringFaculty of Civil EngineeringInstitute of Technology of Building MaterialsInstitute of Technology of Building Materials

Nikol ŽižkováNikol Žižková

University of MinhoUniversity of Minho November, 2008November, 2008

Adhesive and highAdhesive and high--strengthstrengthcoating materials for coating materials for

External Thermal Insulation External Thermal Insulation Composite SystemComposite Systems s (ETICS)(ETICS)

1 brickwork2 adhesive material3 heat insulation4 screeding material5 reinforcing meshwork6 surface treatment7 dowel

WhyWhy ETICS ?ETICS ?Monthly average temperatures in the CR between 1997 - 2007 [°C]

15

20

25

Tem

pera

ture

s [

°C]

Year 1997

Year 1998

Year 1999

Year 2000

Year 2001

-10

-5

0

5

10

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

Tem

pera

ture

s [

°C]

Year 2002

Year 2003

Year 2004

Year 2005

Year 2006

Year 2007

Thermal protectionThermal protection

�� 80 % of the 80 % of the energy of a single energy of a single family house is family house is needed for needed for heatingheatingheatingheating

�� efficient thermal efficient thermal insulation may insulation may reduce up to 60 % reduce up to 60 % heating energy heating energy needsneeds

Building part share of energy loss:Building part share of energy loss:RoofRoof 30 % 30 % WallWall 16 % 16 % FloorFloor 16 % 16 % Thermal bridgesThermal bridges 3 %3 %Air renewalAir renewal 20 %20 %

Heat Insulation (ETICS)Heat Insulation (ETICS)

1.1. Expanded Expanded polystyrene boardpolystyrene board

2.2. Mineral wool Mineral wool (block(blockss of flats of flats higher than 22,5 higher than 22,5 meters)meters)

Aim of the workAim of the work

ByBy--products secondary raw materialsproducts secondary raw materials

The set objectives of this work :The set objectives of this work :�� tto monitor changes in properties of polymero monitor changes in properties of polymer--

modified cementmodified cement adhesive and adhesive and screedingscreedingmaterials by applying selected types of bymaterials by applying selected types of by--products as a replacement of part of filler products as a replacement of part of filler contentcontent,,

�� tto find maximal possible limit of filling with o find maximal possible limit of filling with individual waste raw materials.individual waste raw materials.

MethodologyMethodology

By-products

Binder Additives

Basic tests

Mixtures proposed

Filler

Correction

Standard Filler

By-products Basic tests

OptimalisationOptimalisation

Selected mixtures

Additional testsFinal mixtures

Correction

ComponentComponentss of mixtureof mixtureof aof adhesive and screeding dhesive and screeding

materials for ETICSmaterials for ETICS�� Component of mixtureComponent of mixture::

A.A. BinderBinder Cement CEM I Cement CEM I 442,52,5 RR

B.B. FillerFiller Siliceous sandSiliceous sand 0 0 –– 0.2 mm0.2 mmB.B. FillerFiller Siliceous sandSiliceous sand 0 0 –– 0.2 mm0.2 mm

Ground limestone 0.2 Ground limestone 0.2 –– 0.5 mm0.5 mm

C.C. AdditivesAdditives Copolymer EVACopolymer EVA

CCellulose etherellulose ether

FFoam removeroam remover

D.D. ByBy--productsproducts Fly ashFly ash

Why fly ash ?Why fly ash ?

�� >> 70% 70% of electricity in the Cof electricity in the CRR is produced in is produced in thermal power plants incinerating coalthermal power plants incinerating coal

�� 10 Mt 10 Mt -- aannual production of fly ash by power nnual production of fly ash by power plants in the Cplants in the Czech Republiczech Republic

�� Fly ash Fly ash -- the greatest amount of waste materials the greatest amount of waste materials in industry and power engineeringin industry and power engineering

Properties of the fly ashProperties of the fly ash

CaO [%]

MnO [%]

Al2O3 [%]

Fe2O3 [%]

Sulphates [%]

SiO2 [%]

Na2O[%]

MgO [%]

K2O[%]

TiO2 [%]

LCA[%]

1.79 0.03 28.93 6.08 0.2 56.82 0.32 1.31 1.79 2.02 0.74

The use of puzzolano reaction for impThe use of puzzolano reaction for imprroving oving properties of adhesive and highproperties of adhesive and high--strength strength coating materials for ETICScoating materials for ETICS

x x Ca(OH)Ca(OH)22 + y+ y SiOSiO22 + z+ z HH22O O →→ xx CaO . CaO . y y SiOSiO22 . . z z HH22OO

Selected results Selected results --adhesivenessadhesiveness

2

2,5

Adhesive

ness

[MPa]

Determination of adhesiveness

Determination of adhesiveness according to ČSN EN 1542 of SE mixtures with fly ash

0

0,5

1

1,5

Adhesive

ness

[MPa]

SE/R SE/FA2 SE/FA4 SE/FA6 SE/FA8

Mixture mark

to concrete

to concrete afterfreezing cycles

to polystyren

Selected results Selected results -- strengthstrength

25

30

35

Strength

[MPa]

Tension and bending strength

Determination of tension and bending strength according to ČSN EN 12808-3 of SE mixtures with fly ash

0

5

10

15

20

25

Strength

[MPa]

SE/R SE/FA2 SE/FA4 SE/FA6 SE/FA8

Mixture mark

tension strengthbending strength

TestingTesting of of base layer (including glass mesh)base layer (including glass mesh)for ETICSfor ETICS

Mixture Mixture without fly without fly ashashMax. width of Max. width of cracks:cracks:0,15 mm0,15 mm

Monitoring of cracks by elongation 1,5 % (max. width of crack is 0,15 mm Monitoring of cracks by elongation 1,5 % (max. width of crack is 0,15 mm according to Rules of Czech ETICS Association)according to Rules of Czech ETICS Association)

MixtureMixturecontaining containing 60 %60 % of fly of fly ash asash asfilling filling componentcomponentMax. width of Max. width of cracks:cracks:0,10 mm0,10 mm

Study of microstructureStudy of microstructurePore size distribution

Total cumulative volume

150,00

200,00

250,00

To

tal cu

mu

lati

ve v

olu

me [

mm

3.g

-1]

0,00

50,00

100,00

500-100

100-50

50-25

25-15

15-7,5

7,5-5

5-3

3-2,5

2,5-2

2-1,5

1,5-1,25

1,25-1

1-,75

0,75-0,5

0,5-0,4

0,4-0,3

0,3-0,25

0,25-0,2

0,2-0,15

0,15-0,1

0,1-0,075

0,075-0,05

0,05-0,035

0,035-0,03

0,03-0,025

0,025-0,02

0,02-0,015

0,015-0,01

0,01-0,0074

Pore diameter ranges [µm]

To

tal cu

mu

lati

ve v

olu

me [

mm

SE/R SE/FA6

Magnification of 700, 2800 and 280Magnification of 700, 2800 and 28000 timestimes

ConclusionConclusion

�� Use of the fly ash for the production Use of the fly ash for the production of adhesive and highof adhesive and high--build coating build coating materials for ETICS :materials for ETICS :�� Increasing adhesiveness after the Increasing adhesiveness after the �� Increasing adhesiveness after the Increasing adhesiveness after the action of frostaction of frost

�� Increasing tension and bending Increasing tension and bending strengthstrength

�� Increasing frost resistanceIncreasing frost resistance�� Lowering absorptionLowering absorption

What could happen if you What could happen if you do not do not have highhave high--

quality quality aadhesive and screeding materialsdhesive and screeding materials... ...

ThankThank you for your attentionyou for your attention

BrnoBrno –– university cityuniversity city

�� Second biggest city in the Czech republicSecond biggest city in the Czech republic�� Population Population –– 450 000450 000�� University city University city –– 65 000 students at 8 65 000 students at 8

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