FACTSFACTS

At least 194 m people worldwide At least 194 m people worldwide suffer from diabetes; this figure suffer from diabetes; this figure is likely to be more than double is likely to be more than double by 2030by 2030

Around 4 m deaths every year Around 4 m deaths every year are related to complications of are related to complications of diabetesdiabetes

FACTSFACTS

WHO figuresWHO figures

19851985 19951995 20002000 20032003 20302030

30 m30 m 135 m135 m 177 m177 m 194m194m 370 m370 m

COUNTRIES WITH THE LARGEST COUNTRIES WITH THE LARGEST NUMBER OF PERSONS WITH NUMBER OF PERSONS WITH

DIABETESDIABETES 1995 2000 1995 2000 2003 2003

Country DM % million DM % million millionCountry DM % million DM % million million

INDIA 3.8 19.4 5.5 31.5 35.5INDIA 3.8 19.4 5.5 31.5 35.5

CHINA 2.0 16.0 2.4 20.7 23.8CHINA 2.0 16.0 2.4 20.7 23.8

USA 7.8 13.8 7.8 17.5 16 USA 7.8 13.8 7.8 17.5 16

INDONESIA 4.1 4.5 6.5 8.5INDONESIA 4.1 4.5 6.5 8.5

COUNTRIES WITH THE HIGHEST COUNTRIES WITH THE HIGHEST PREVALENCE IN ADULT POPULATIONPREVALENCE IN ADULT POPULATION

20032003

Country DM %Country DM %

UAE 20.1UAE 20.1

Qatar 16Qatar 16

Bahrain 14.9Bahrain 14.9

Kuwait 12.8Kuwait 12.8

OmanOman

Oman Oman DM DM 11.6% 11.6% Impaired G T Impaired G T 6.1%6.1%

New cases per year 3548 = 0.18%New cases per year 3548 = 0.18%

Highest Incidence North Batna 25% of totalHighest Incidence North Batna 25% of total

PDO 2% (Potential Diabetes 4%) 75% High PDO 2% (Potential Diabetes 4%) 75% High LipidLipid

What is Diabetes mellitus?What is Diabetes mellitus?DM or Sugar problem is a chronic DM or Sugar problem is a chronic

disease characterised by very high blood disease characterised by very high blood sugar. Caused by inherited and/or sugar. Caused by inherited and/or acquired deficiency in production of acquired deficiency in production of insulin by the pancreas, or by the insulin by the pancreas, or by the ineffectiveness of the insulin receptors.ineffectiveness of the insulin receptors.

Type I –lack of production of Insulin; Type I –lack of production of Insulin; children and adolescentschildren and adolescents

Type II – inability to respond properly to Type II – inability to respond properly to the action of Insulin; adults, 90%the action of Insulin; adults, 90%

The Pancreas: Anatomy and The Pancreas: Anatomy and FunctionsFunctions

The Pancreas: Anatomy and Functions

                                                                                                                                                               

CAUSAL FACTORSCAUSAL FACTORS

Genetic/ Family Genetic/ Family historyhistory

RaceRace StressStress Over-Over-

eating&obesityeating&obesity Physical Physical

InactivityInactivity Gestational Gestational

DiabetesDiabetes

DrugsDrugs InfectionInfection Other illnessesOther illnesses SurgerySurgery AutoimmuneAutoimmune

Symptoms of DiabetesSymptoms of Diabetes

SOME or NONE of the followingSOME or NONE of the followingFrequent UrinationFrequent UrinationExcessive thirstExcessive thirstUnexplained weight lossUnexplained weight lossExtreme hungerExtreme hungerSudden visual changesSudden visual changesTingling or numbness in hands or Tingling or numbness in hands or

feetfeetFeeling very tired most of the timeFeeling very tired most of the timeWounds that are slow toWounds that are slow to healheal

DIAGNOSISDIAGNOSIS

Urine strip test Urine strip test Blood sugar testBlood sugar testGlycosylated Haemoglobin: Glycosylated Haemoglobin:

HbA1CHbA1C

What is the Treatment?What is the Treatment?

Type IType I Strict carefully Strict carefully

calculated dietcalculated diet Planned physical Planned physical

activityactivity Insulin injectionsInsulin injections Home blood Home blood

glucose testingglucose testing

Type IIType II Diet controlDiet control ExerciseExercise Oral medication Oral medication

and or insulinand or insulin Home blood Home blood

glucose testingglucose testing

HypoglycemiaHypoglycemiaHypoglycemia is low blood sugar.Hypoglycemia is low blood sugar.What causes hypoglycemiaWhat causes hypoglycemia??

Taking too much insulin, Taking too much insulin, Missing or delaying a meal, Missing or delaying a meal, Exercising too much, Exercising too much, Taking other medications.Taking other medications.

signs and symptomssigns and symptoms dizziness, dizziness, confusion, confusion,

sweating, sweating, shaky shaky tremors, tremors, headache or even headache or even fainting.fainting.

Management of Low Blood Sugar Management of Low Blood Sugar (Hypoglycaemia(Hypoglycaemia))

Tell your family, friends, colleagues at Tell your family, friends, colleagues at work about signs/symptoms and how work about signs/symptoms and how to treat low blood sugar.to treat low blood sugar.

Carry medical card or tagCarry medical card or tagEat or drink something that has sugar Eat or drink something that has sugar

in it. Juice, sugar candy, milk etc.in it. Juice, sugar candy, milk etc. If unconscious don’t give anything by If unconscious don’t give anything by

mouth-transfer to nearest clinicmouth-transfer to nearest clinic

ComplicationsComplications

High blood pressure.High blood pressure. Heart disease; 50%Heart disease; 50% Strokes.Strokes. Nerve problems or Neuropathy; 50%Nerve problems or Neuropathy; 50% Blindness; 2%Blindness; 2% Kidney failureKidney failure ImpotenceImpotence Diabetic foot disease-amputation/ulcers Diabetic foot disease-amputation/ulcers

X40X40 Consume 10% of Nation’s Health BudgetConsume 10% of Nation’s Health Budget

How do we prevent?How do we prevent?

Healthy and Balanced dietHealthy and Balanced dietRegular physical Regular physical

activities/exerciseactivities/exerciseMaintain Normal body weightMaintain Normal body weightEarly detectionEarly detection

Prognosis is good.Prognosis is good.