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Fact. In 1987, 89% of our teens were born in Canada. In 2008 just 56% of our teens were born in Canada. (Project Teen Canada as reported in MacLean’s April 13, 2009). The Multicultural Classroom. Helen Chadwick, International Student Advisor St. Lawrence College June 2012. Disclaimer!. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Fact
In 1987, 89% of our teens were born in Canada.
In 2008 just 56% of our teens were born in Canada.
(Project Teen Canada as reported in MacLean’s April 13, 2009)
Helen Chadwick 2012 St. Lawrence College
The Multicultural Classroom
Helen Chadwick, International Student Advisor
St. Lawrence CollegeJune 2012
Helen Chadwick 2012 St. Lawrence College
Today
• Identify some strategies for communicating with others from different cultures;
• Consider how to recognize your own assumptions;• Understand the impact of assumptions and personal
context on interactions with others; • Gain appreciation of effort made by individuals from
diverse backgrounds.
Helen Chadwick 2012 St. Lawrence College
hopefully…
Recognize the opportunities that intercultural knowledge can bring to communication and engagement with others.
Helen Chadwick 2012 St. Lawrence College
Barnga
• What did you see happening?• What did you think about what was
happening?• What do you feel about what was happening?
D.I.E.• Describe, Interpret, Evaluate.
Helen Chadwick 2012 St. Lawrence College
Culture?• Culture is a set of values, beliefs and expectations
that members of a group come to share.
- it is learned;
- the various facets of culture are inter-related;
- it is shared and defines the boundaries of
different groups.
Edward Hall, American Anthropologist Helen Chadwick 2012 St.
Lawrence College
“Sometimes we cannot get the
ideas of each other, or we
offend, due to the culture
difference.”
Chloe, home country China,
2008 Helen Chadwick 2012 St.
Lawrence College
The Tip of the Iceberg
• We see approximately 10% of a person’s ‘culture’. The rest is hidden.
Helen Chadwick 2012 St. Lawrence College
Religious ceremony
Body Language
FoodLanguage/Accent
Personal HygieneClothin
g
Skin Colour, Hair Tattoos
Work Ethic
Morals
Ethics
Perspective
Values
BeliefsSexuality
Tradition/History
Assumptions
Helen Chadwick 2012 St. Lawrence College
We need to consider ethnicity, race, religion, and nationality, and
• Personality• Gender • Age (Veteran, Baby Boomer, x, y and …)• Time in Canada• Profession• Socio-economic status/employment status• Abilities/disabilities • Mental Health
etc.
Helen Chadwick 2012 St. Lawrence College
“In Canada students call
Professors by their names. In
Nigeria this is never possible.
Also, students are so free to talk
to their Professor. There is good
communication between teacher
and student.”
Olanrewaju, 2009
Helen Chadwick 2012 St. Lawrence College
Intercultural Competence
• Intercultural competence “is not natural. It is not
part of our primate past, nor has it characterized
most human history. Cross-cultural contact usually
has been accompanied by bloodshed, oppression, or
genocide. The continuation of this pattern in
today’s world of unimagined interdependence is
not just immoral or unprofitable – it is self-
destructive.”
• Milton Bennett (1993)
Helen Chadwick 2012 St. Lawrence College
Stages of Cultural Competence
Unconscious Incompetence
Conscious Incompetence
Conscious Competence
Unconscious Competence
William Gudykunst (1993)
Helen Chadwick 2012 St. Lawrence College
“I was surprised that every
student in the program
participated actively in
class.”
Judith, home country Mexico,
2009
Helen Chadwick 2012 St. Lawrence College
Country of family origin and heritage Languages spoken Interests or hobbies Favorite foods Preferred types of movies, tv programs Preferred types of music Pets, if any, or favorite animals
What’s In A Name???How do you think your partner would respond?
Helen Chadwick 2012 St. Lawrence College
Bharadia/Walt Carleton University 2012
Cross-Cultural Differences in Nonverbal Communication
Space – Personal space.
Gestures – Do speakers move their hands? What do
these gestures mean?
Touch –What does touch mean? Do friends touch
each other? Acquaintances? Colleagues?
Helen Chadwick 2012 St. Lawrence College
Eye Contact – Where do speakers look when talking?
If they make eye contact is it across the group or
individual? If individual, how often and how long?
Dress – What is acceptable?
Time – How late can you be without offending? What
do people say when they’re late? Monochronic –
Polychronic.
Helen Chadwick 2012 St. Lawrence College
Facial expressions – How often do people smile? Show
anger? What do they do when students ask questions?
Classroom behaviour – Do students or teachers smoke,
drink or eat in class? How do the students sit? How do
students get the teacher’s attention? Can students leave
a class in session and what do they say or do if they want
to leave?
Adapted from Skills in Intercultural Communication, UBC Centre for
Intercultural Communication 2007.03
Helen Chadwick 2012 St. Lawrence College
Share an example of being surprised by a nonverbal
communication
Helen Chadwick 2012 St. Lawrence College
"I find it hard that so much
communication is by e-mail -
with the professors and fellow
students. In my culture, face to
face meetings are important.“
Karla, home country, Mexico
2009
Helen Chadwick 2012 St. Lawrence College
Tips for Successful Inter-CulturalCommunication
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZDvLk7e2Irc&NR=1
Helen Chadwick 2012 St. Lawrence College
Summary
1. Use observation skills and mirror other’s actions, behaviour and body language.
Helen Chadwick 2012 St. Lawrence College
2. Appreciate differences.We are unaware of our own level of inter-
cultural sensitivity and skills.
Helen Chadwick 2012 St. Lawrence College
3. Don’t assume; respect instead.
We all see the world partly through the lens of our own cultural backgrounds, and we are often unaware of this.
Helen Chadwick 2012 St. Lawrence College
4. Patience. Take the time to understand – and enjoy – communication with someone from another culture.
Helen Chadwick 2012 St. Lawrence College
Intercultural Dimension
• Unpack the underlying questions, IF ANY- “Tell me more.”- “Help me understand why you’re asking.”- “What do you mean by…”
Remember, sometimes a question really is just a question.
Helen Chadwick 2012 St. Lawrence College
Intercultural Dimension
• Remember to allow time for reflection.– Use of silence in many cultures is valued.– Resist the urge to answer without thinking
through the various ways to interpret the questions.
– Fiver the person time to reflect on your response before using “conversation-closing” language and behaviours.
Helen Chadwick 2012 St. Lawrence College
Intercultural Dimension
• Develop and use a protocol for ensuring that you have been understood and that you understand:– Ask individual to summarize the conversation– E-mail written summaries using “handout
language”– Use notes, even for yourself
Helen Chadwick 2012 St. Lawrence College
Intercultural Dimension
• Quickly discern whether a communication challenge is based on culture. How?– It’s a trick question – You can’t.
The trick answer is to ALLOW for cultural differences in every problem-based interaction.
Helen Chadwick 2012 St. Lawrence College
Intercultural Dimension
Rather than a “culture-free” or bi-cultural approach, take an inter-cultural approach.
- Avoid the “fairness trap”, i.e., plagiarism
“Fairness is not Sameness.”Helen Chadwick 2012 St.
Lawrence College
Strategies for improving Cross-Cultural Communication in the classroom
Make your expectations and reactions clear. Listen actively: be patient, listen carefully and avoid jumping to
conclusions. Repeat, rephrase and illustrate messages and instructions. Avoid or explain slang, jargon and colloquial expressions. Beware of acronyms. Tell personal stories instead of jokes which often depend on subtle
distinctions in the language. Expect delayed reactions – respect silence.
Helen Chadwick 2012 St. Lawrence College
The Danger of a Single Storyhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D9Ihs241zeg
Chimamanda Adichie:
Helen Chadwick 2012 St. Lawrence College
Reflection STOP, START, CONTINUE
• Reflect on what value(s) or behaviour(s) need to Stop, Start and Continue in order to further open yourself to new experiences and new cultures.
Who are you?
Helen Chadwick 2012 St. Lawrence College
We are both encountering a situation
that is equally difficult for both
parties. We both have a responsibility
to adapt.
Helen Chadwick 2012 St. Lawrence College
“ I’m Venezuelan; I can’t behave like
you. I’m from a different culture and I
can adapt, but I am Venezuelan.”
Barbara, 2009
Helen Chadwick 2012 St. Lawrence College