BASIC ENERGY SCIENCES BASIC ENERGY SCIENCES ––Serving the Present, Shaping the FutureServing the Present, Shaping the Futurehttp://www.science.doe.gov/beshttp://www.science.doe.gov/bes

Facing Our Energy Future in a New Era of ScienceFacing Our Energy Future in a New Era of ScienceFacing Our Energy Future in a New Era of ScienceFacing Our Energy Future in a New Era of Science

Patricia M. DehmerPatricia M. DehmerDirector, Basic Energy SciencesDirector, Basic Energy Sciences

Office of Science U S Department of EnergyOffice of Science U S Department of EnergyOffice of Science, U.S. Department of EnergyOffice of Science, U.S. Department of Energy

GCEP Research Symposium 2007GCEP Research Symposium 2007Stanford University Stanford University

1 October 20071 October 2007

U.S. Energy Flow, 2006 (Quads = Quadrillion BTU = 10U.S. Energy Flow, 2006 (Quads = Quadrillion BTU = 101515 BTU)BTU)About 1/3 of U.S. primary energy is imported.About 1/3 of U.S. primary energy is imported.

Exports5

Domesticuads

)

tion

DomesticProduction:71 Quads Consumption:

100 Quadsply

(Qu

nsum

pt

100 Quads

gy S

upp

rgy

Con

Imports:34 QuadsEn

erg

Ener

Adjustments 1

2

U.S. Energy Flow, 2006 (Quads)U.S. Energy Flow, 2006 (Quads)85% of primary energy is from fossil fuels, and that is likely to continue in the foreseeable future.85% of primary energy is from fossil fuels, and that is likely to continue in the foreseeable future.

Supply105

Domestic67%

Consume100 Fossil

85%Quads

Imports

IndustrialQuads

N l 8%

85%

p33% Nuclear 8%

Renewable 7%

3

U.S. Energy Flow (Quads)U.S. Energy Flow (Quads)~75% of primary energy for the transportation sector and ~70% for the electric power sector is ~75% of primary energy for the transportation sector and ~70% for the electric power sector is lost!lost!

4

U.S. Energy Flow, 1950 (Quads)U.S. Energy Flow, 1950 (Quads)At midcentury, the U.S. used 1/3 of the primary energy used today At midcentury, the U.S. used 1/3 of the primary energy used today and with greater overall efficiencyand with greater overall efficiency..

5

COCO22 Emissions from Energy Consumption (2002)Emissions from Energy Consumption (2002)The electric power sector and the transportation sector account for most COThe electric power sector and the transportation sector account for most CO22 emissions.emissions.

million metric tons COtons CO2

6

1,286

World Energy Needs will Grow Significantly in the 21World Energy Needs will Grow Significantly in the 21stst CenturyCenturyBy 2100, world energy consumption may triple; U.S. energy consumption may double.By 2100, world energy consumption may triple; U.S. energy consumption may double.

World Primary Energy Consumption (Quads)

Projections to 2030 are from the Energy Information Administration, International Energy Outlook, 2006.

,

World Primary Energy Consumption (Quads) gy ,

826Projections for 2050 and 2100 are based on a scenario from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Ch (IPCC) i tiChange (IPCC), an organization jointly established in 1988 by the World Meteorological Organization and the United Nations Environment Programme. The IPCC provides g pcomprehensive assessments of information relevant to human-induced climate change. The scenario chosen is based on “moderate” assumptions (Scenario B2) forassumptions (Scenario B2) for population and economic growth and hence is neither overly conservative nor overly aggressive.

7

Critical Elements of a DecadesCritical Elements of a Decades--toto--Century Energy Strategy Century Energy Strategy –– FInding another 100 Quads by 2100FInding another 100 Quads by 2100Focus on supply, distribution, end use, and efficiency in the electric power sector and the transportation sector.Focus on supply, distribution, end use, and efficiency in the electric power sector and the transportation sector.

Distribution& Storage Use

Supply

BuildingTechnologies

The Grid and Electrical

& StorageLow-Emission Fossil

Advanced NuclearIndustrial

Technologies

The Grid and Electrical Energy Storage

Advanced Nuclear

Renewables

VehicleFuel DistributionAlternative Liquid/Gas Fuels

VehicleTechnologies

Fuel Distributionand Storage

Bio & Bio-inspired Fuels

8

Increased Efficiency

To move the needle 100 Quads requires multiple strategies. There is no single silver bullet.

What do we mean by a “new era of Science”?What do we mean by a “new era of Science”?

99

Technology, Infrastructure, and Fuels Mix Have Evolved Together over 100 YearsTechnology, Infrastructure, and Fuels Mix Have Evolved Together over 100 YearsToday’s energy technologies, infrastructures, and fuels are firmly rooted in 20Today’s energy technologies, infrastructures, and fuels are firmly rooted in 20thth century S&Tcentury S&T

Petroleum40U.S. Energy Consumption by Source

Petroleum40 U.S. Energy Consumption by

Source

HydroelectricP Natural Gas

30

n Bt

u

HydroelectricP Natural Gas

30

n Bt

u

Power Natural Gas

20

Quad

rillio

n Power Natural Gas

20

Quad

rillio

n

Coal Nuclear Electric Power10

Q

Coal Nuclear Electric Power10

Q

Incandescent lamp, 1870s

Four-stroke combustion engine, 1870s

Wood

0

Wood

0Watt Steam

Engine, 1782

1650 1700 1750 1800 1850 1900 1950 20001650Rural Electrification Act, 1935

Eisenhower Highway System, 1956Wind, water, wood, animals, (Mayflower,1620) Intercontinental Rail System, mid 1800s 10

“Basic Research Needs” Workshops“Basic Research Needs” WorkshopsWe have identified the basic science needed for the nextWe have identified the basic science needed for the next--generation energy technologiesgeneration energy technologies

Basic Research Needs to Assure a Secure Energy FutureBESAC Workshop, October 21-25, 2002The foundation workshop that set the model for the focused workshops that follow.

Basic Research Needs for the Hydrogen EconomyBES Workshop, May 13-15, 2003

Nanoscience Research for Energy NeedsBES and the National Nanotechnology Initiative, March 16-18, 2004

Basic Research Needs for Solar Energy UtilizationBES Workshop, April 18-21, 2005

Advanced Computational Materials Science: Application to FusionAdvanced Computational Materials Science: Application to Fusionand Generation IV Fission ReactorsBES, ASCR, FES, and NE Workshop, March 31-April 2, 2004

The Path to Sustainable Nuclear Energy: Basic and Applied Research Opportunities for Advanced Fuel CyclesBES, NP, and ASCR Workshop, September 2005

Basic Research Needs for SuperconductivityBES Workshop, May 8-10, 2006

Basic Research Needs for Solid-state LightingBES Workshop, May 22-24, 2006

Basic Research Needs for Advanced Nuclear Energy SystemsBasic Research Needs for Advanced Nuclear Energy SystemsBES Workshop, July 31-August 3, 2006

Basic Research Needs for the Clean and Efficient Combustion of 21st Century Transportation FuelsBES Workshop, October 30-November 1, 2006

Basic Research Needs for Geosciences: Facilitating 21st Century EnergyBasic Research Needs for Geosciences: Facilitating 21st Century Energy SystemsBES Workshop, February 21-23, 2007

Basic Research Needs for Electrical Energy StorageBES Workshop, April 2-5, 2007

Basic Research Needs for Materials under Extreme Environments

Basic Research Needs forMaterials Under Extreme

Environments

11

Basic Research Needs for Materials under Extreme EnvironmentsBES Workshop, June 10-14, 2007

Basic Research Needs for Catalysis for EnergyBES Workshop, August 5-10, 2007

All workshop reports are accessible at: http://www.sc.doe.gov/bes/reports/list.html

Summary of the HighSummary of the High--Level Challenges from the Basic Research Needs Workshops Level Challenges from the Basic Research Needs Workshops Similar themes emerged from 10 workshops, which had very different themes.Similar themes emerged from 10 workshops, which had very different themes.

Control materials properties and functionalities through nanoscale design and fabrication

Design, discover, and synthesize new materials, especially single crystals

Control light-matter interactions and “manage” photon movement in materials

Design functional systems that have real-world complexity i e that are heterogeneousDesign functional systems that have real world complexity, i.e., that are heterogeneous, multicomponent, multiphase, and possessing of interfaces

Design catalysts [and membranes] at the atomic scale to drive reactions [species transport] with high ifi i d l i i d i h d b d [ i ]specificity and selectivity and with no unwanted byproducts [species transport]

Perform multiscale modeling bridging quantum mechanics, statistical mechanics, and continuum mechanics to address:mechanics to address:

Temporal scales from electron transfer (sub-femtoseconds) to chemical reactivity to degradation of structural materials to changes in geological materials (millennia)Spatial scales from atoms to molecules to nanoscale to mesoscale to macroscale to system scaleComplexity including systems with heterogeneity, multiple components, multiple phases, interfaces or with chemical, heterogeneous, and turbulent flows

Develop and deploy characterization tools that probe the same temporal scales, spatial scales, and complexity as those described for multiscale modeling

12

Materials properties, transformations, and functionalities by atomic design for realMaterials properties, transformations, and functionalities by atomic design for real--world applications.world applications.

Solid State LightingSolid State LightingTechnology MaturationA li d R hDiscovery and Use-Inspired Basic Research

Technology Milestones:

By 2025 develop advanced solid

Rational design of SSL lighting structures

Luminescence efficiency of InGaN

Unconventional light-emitting

Developing national standards and rating systems for new products

Technology Maturation& DeploymentApplied ResearchDiscovery and Use Inspired Basic Research

Materials properties, transformations, and functionalities by designMaterials properties, transformations, and functionalities by design

By 2025, develop advanced solid state lighting technologies with a product system efficiency of 50 percent with lighting that accurately reproduces sunlight spectrum.

Materials and components for

Control of radiative & non-radiative processes in light-emitting materialsNew functionalities through heterogeneous nanostructuresInnovative photon management

Unconventional light-emitting semiconductors

Photon conversion materials

Polar materials and heterostructures for SSL

products Commercial adoption and supportIndustrial partnership

Legal, health, market, and Materials and components for inorganic and organic light-emitting diodes research for improved efficiency and cost reduction

Strategies for improved device light t ti

Innovative photon managementEnhanced light-matter interactions Precision nanoscale characterization, synthesis, and assembly

Manage and exploit disorder in OLEDs

Degradation in OLEDs

Integrated approach to OLED

g , , ,safety issuesCost reductionPrototyping

extraction

Low-cost fabrication and patterning techniques and tools & manufacturing R&D

Product degradation and reliability

Multi-scale modeling – quantum excitations to light extraction

Integrated approach to OLED fundamentals

Product degradation and reliability issues

Office of ScienceOffice of Science Technology OfficesTechnology Offices

13

Office of ScienceOffice of ScienceBESBES

Technology OfficesTechnology OfficesEEREEERE

The BESAC Grand Challenge Subpanel: Science in the Energy Regime of Molecular BondsThe BESAC Grand Challenge Subpanel: Science in the Energy Regime of Molecular Bonds

Certain scientific areas recurred in the many submissions:

We go to the very small

We go far from equilibrium

We encounter strongly correlated systems and systems with emergent properties

We want to define the limits of materials properties

We want to manipulate energy and information ever more rapidly and efficientlyWe want to manipulate energy and information ever more rapidly and efficiently

We want to recreate in synthetic systems properties and capabilities we find in nature

14

“Controlling Matter and Energy: Five Grand Challenges for Science and the Imagination”“Controlling Matter and Energy: Five Grand Challenges for Science and the Imagination”Report of the BESAC GC PanelReport of the BESAC GC Panel

1. How do we control materials processes at the level of electrons?Making the quantum nature of electron systems work for us

2. How do we design and perfect atom- and energy-efficient syntheses of new forms of matter with tailored properties?Directing the “un-gluing” and “re-gluing” of the electrons around atoms during chemical reactions and processesg g g g g g

3. How do remarkable properties of matter emerge from complex correlations of atomic and electronic constituents and how can we control these properties?Uncovering the fundamental rules of correlations and emergence and learning to control themUncovering the fundamental rules of correlations and emergence and learning to control them

4. How can we master energy and information on the nanoscale to create new technologies with capabilities rivaling those of living things?p g g gCreating new technologies with capabilities rivaling and even exceeding those of living systems

5. How do we characterize and control matter away – especially very far away – from equilibrium?Making far from equilibrium systems work for us Despite the pervasiveness of such systems our current understanding ofMaking far-from-equilibrium systems work for us. Despite the pervasiveness of such systems, our current understanding of physical and biological systems is based on equilibrium concept.

15

Transforming the way we understand nature to work.Transforming the way we understand nature to work.

Technology MaturationApplied ResearchGrand Challenges Discovery and Use-Inspired Basic Research

How Nature Works How Nature Works …… to to …… Materials by Design Materials by Design …… to to …… Technologies for the 21Technologies for the 21stst CenturyCentury

Basic research for fundamental new understanding on materials or systems that may

Basic research, often with the goal of addressing showstoppers on real-world applications in the energy

Research with the goal of meeting technical milestones, with emphasis on the development,

Scale-up research At-scale demonstrationCost reduction

& DeploymentApplied ResearchHow nature worksHow nature works Materials properties and functionalities by designMaterials properties and functionalities by design

Controlling materials processes at the level of quantum behavior of electrons y y

revolutionize or transform today’s energy technologies Development of new tools, techniques, and facilities, including those for the

pp gytechnologies

p ,performance, cost reduction, and durability of materials and components or on efficient processesProof of technology concepts

PrototypingManufacturing R&DDeployment support

Atom- and energy-efficient syntheses of new forms of matter with tailored propertiesEmergent properties from including those for the

scattering sciences and for advanced modeling and computation

conceptsg p pcomplex correlations of atomic and electronic constituentsMan-made nanoscale objects with capabilities rivaling those of living thingsrivaling those of living thingsControlling matter very far away from equilibrium

BESAC & BES Basic Research Needs Workshopsp

BESAC Grand Challenges Panel DOE Technology Office/Industry Roadmaps

1616

The 21The 21stst Century: The Age of ControlCentury: The Age of ControlControl over electrons, atoms, nanoscale entities, emergent phenomena, and nonequilibrium processesControl over electrons, atoms, nanoscale entities, emergent phenomena, and nonequilibrium processes

Quantum Control of ElectronsQuantum Control of Electrons

Petroleum40

DOE Formed, 1977

Defects and the end of Moore’s law –Adaptive probabilistic computing

High Tc super-conductorsSeparating electrons by their spin for “spintronics” and other applications of electron control.

40

HydroelectricPower Natural Gas

30

on B

tu

Designer molecules

Solid-state lighting and other applications of quantum confinement and low-dimensionality

Peta-scale computing20

Quad

rillio

Bio-inspired nanoscale assemblies – self-repairing and defect-tolerant materials and selective and specific chemical reactivity. Mn O

OOMnMn

OO

2H2O 4H+ + 4e-

Designer molecules yCoal Nuclear

Electric Power

10Mn

Mn

Mn OO

O

OMn

MnMn

OO

O

photosystem IIWood

01850 1900 1950 2000

0Nanomachine packing DNA to a pressure of 60 atm. Nanothermodynamics can’t tell us how.

17

H d i l t th idH d i l t th idHow do we implement the ideasHow do we implement the ideasof this new era of science?of this new era of science?

1818

FY 2008 President’s Request for BES = $1,498,497KFY 2008 President’s Request for BES = $1,498,497K

Materials Sciences Research

Design and Construction (LCLS,

NSLS II)NSLS-II)

Neutron Scattering Facilities Operation

Chemistry, Biosciences, Geosciences Research

Major Items of Equipment

Combustion Research FacilityElectron Beam CentersSynchrotron Light Source

Facilities OperationNanoscale

1919

Science Research Centers

Revised Timelines for BES SolicitationsRevised Timelines for BES SolicitationsThe FY 2007 Joint Resolution required BES to postpone most awards until FY 2008.The FY 2007 Joint Resolution required BES to postpone most awards until FY 2008.

Solicitation: Instrumentation Basic research for

solar energy utilization

Basic research for the hydrogen fuel

initiative

Basic research for advanced nuclear energy systems

$20 illi $34 1 illi $17 5 illi $12 4 illiFY 2007 Request ~ $20 million $34.1 million + $17.5 million $12.4 million

FY 2007 appropriations under H.J.R 20 — $7.1 million + $3.5 million —

FY 2007 Congressional Budget released February 6, 2006

Announcement of intent to issue solicitations February 16, 2006

Posting solicitation on SC website March 7, 2006 March 21, 2006 April 20, 2006 October 12, 2006

Preproposal deadlines May 17, 2006 106 preproposals

June 5, 2006 656 preproposals

July 6, 2006 502 preproposals

Nov. 22, 2006 209 preproposals106 preproposals 656 preproposals 502 preproposals 209 preproposals

PIs notified of preproposal decisions June 30, 2006 59 encouraged

August 11, 2006 346 encouraged

Sept. 12, 2006 249 encouraged

January 5, 2007 126 encouraged

Full proposal deadlines August 30, 2006 58 received

Nov. 14, 2006 309 received

Dec. 12, 2006 229 received

March 14, 2007 118 receivedp p 58 received 309 received 229 received 118 received

FY 2007 awards* (http://www.sc.doe.gov/bes) — none — May 22, 2007 27 awards

May 15, 2007 13 awards — none —

Additional funding in the FY 2008 Request (Approximately $79 million above FY07 appropriations) ~ + $20 million + $32.9 million + $14.0 million + $12.4 million (

* Proposals received in response to all four solicitations are being held for consideration of funding in FY2008. Additional awards will be made only after the FY 2008 funds that are requested for these activities are appropriated by Congress and signed into law by the President.

20

New BES Team Structure in the Research DivisionsNew BES Team Structure in the Research DivisionsEach Division has a new 3Each Division has a new 3--Team structure that reflects scientific opportunity and mission needTeam structure that reflects scientific opportunity and mission need

Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, & BiosciencesChemical Sciences, Geosciences, & BiosciencesMaterials Sciences & EngineeringMaterials Sciences & Engineering

Molecular mechanisms of light capture and its conversion to chemical and electrical energy via chemical and

Control and understanding of materials properties and behaviorand discovery of new emergent phenomena

Photo- and Biochemistry

biochemical pathways

Application of physical science tools to biochemical systems

Biomimetic catalytic systems

Condensed Matter & Materials Physics

Nanoscale phenomena and building blocks

Superconductivity and strongly correlated electron systems

ChemicalTransformations

FundamentalInteractions

Scattering & Instrumentation

Materials Discovery,Design, and TransformationsInteractions

Interfacial nanoscale chemistry

Sciencesg

Synthesis

In situ characterization f t i l th i

Characterization, control, and optimization of chemical transformations, from catalysis to advanced separations to interfacial and heterogeneo s

Structural and dynamical studies of atoms, molecules, and nanostructures; description of their interactions with external stim li (photons electrons) at f ll

Study of photon, neutron, and electron interactions with matter for characterization of materials structures and excitation

Rational design and synthesis of new materials via physical, chemical, and biomolecular routes

of materials synthesis

21

interfacial and heterogeneous chemistry

stimuli (photons, electrons) at full quantum detail

A Taxonomy of Research in Solar Energy ConversionA Taxonomy of Research in Solar Energy Conversion

Defect-tolerant and self-repairing systemsUnderstanding the defect formation in photovoltaic materials and self-repair mechanisms in photosynthesis will lead to defect tolerance and active self-repair in solar energy conversion devices, enabling 20–30 year operation

lti l iEfficient photoelectrolysis

All methods of producing solar fuels involve coupling photo-driven single electron steps with fuel-forming, multi-electron processes. No man-made systems approach the performance of naturally found enzymes. Practical solar fuel formation requires construction of currently unknown catalyst systems to form hydrogen and oxygen from water and to efficiently reduce carbon dioxide from the air

multiple carriers

one photon from water and to efficiently reduce carbon dioxide from the air.

Bio-inspired molecular assembliesThe design and development of light-harvesting, photoconversion, and catalytic modules capable of self-ordering and self-assembling into an integrated functional unit will make it possible to realize an efficient artificial photosynthetic system for solar fuels production.

Materials architectures: assembling complex structuresSolar energy conversion devices necessarily involve assembly of nanometer-scale structures into meter-sized articles of manufacture. To enable low-cost fabrication of the large areas of solar energy conversion structures methods must be developed for self-assembly and/or bonding of structures over this span of length scales.

Si nanocrystals (7 nm diameter)

Photovoltaic devices with > 50% efficiencyNew concepts, structures, and methods of capturing the energy from sunlight without thermalization of carriers are required to break through the Shockley-Queisser efficiency barrier (32%) and enable solar cells having efficiencies of greater than 50%.

E il f t d l t l d ti l h t lt i t tEasily manufactured, low-cost polymer and nanoparticle photovoltaic structures“Plastic” solar cells made from molecular, polymeric, or nanoparticle-based structures could provide flexible, inexpensive, conformal solar electricity systems. At present, their efficiencies are too low (<5%) to be useful. New materials chemistry, new device designs, and fundamental understanding of the factors that limit the performance of these systems are needed for 5-10 fold improvement in efficiency.

22

New experimental and theoretical toolsDevelopment of experimental and theoretical tools that could enable the theoretical prediction of optimally performing structures without having to first make the systems in the laboratory.

Photosystem II uses solar energy to break two molecules of water into one oxygen molecule plus four hydrogen ions, meanwhile freeing electrons to drive other reactions.

Exceeding Today’s Thermodynamic Limits for PV through Multiple Exciton Generation (MEG)Exceeding Today’s Thermodynamic Limits for PV through Multiple Exciton Generation (MEG)

multiple carriersIn a normal PV solar cell, a single solar photon generates a single carrier of electric current – an electron-hole pair, or exciton – in a bulk semiconductor

t l Thi i i ffi i t b h f thone photon

crystal. This process is inefficient because much of the energy of the solar photon is lost as excess heat.

Nanocrystalline semiconductor samples have been h t hibit k bl ff t k lti lshown to exhibit a remarkable effect, known as multiple

exciton generation (MEG), in which a single photon can generate 2, 3, 4 or more excitons. MEG has been demonstrated in a wide range of nanostructured

i d t t tl i ili hi h i

Si nanocrystals (7 nm diameter) Si nanocrystals (7 nm diameter)

semiconductors; most recently in pure silicon, which is abundant, non-toxic, and currently utilized for 93% of the PB market.

Th f d t l h i f MEG i t ll

MEG has the potential to dramatically increase PV

The fundamental mechanism of MEG is not well understood and further work, comparing experimental results with the latest theoretical models is required.

C iti l i i b f MEG b h d i

efficiency. With 2 charge carriers per photon in silicon, efficiency can be

Critical issues remain before MEG can be harnessed in a real solar cell, including the efficient separation and harvesting of the charge carriers to produce electrical current. But current estimates indicate that if realized, an MEG PV ll i ht hi 50% ffi i

raised to over 40%.

23

A. Nozik et al., NREL; V. Klimov et al., LANL

MEG PV cell might achieve 50% efficiency – a revolutionary advance in our ability to harness renewable energy from the sun.

Ultrafast Laser Probes Reveal Quantum Behavior in Nature’s Photosynthetic ApparatusUltrafast Laser Probes Reveal Quantum Behavior in Nature’s Photosynthetic Apparatus

The photosynthetic apparatus absorbs sunlight, transforms its energy into reactive electrons, and

Two-dimensional, ultrafast laser spectroscopy (above)

gythen transfers the electrons to molecular reaction centers for conversion into chemical energy - with nearly 100% efficiency.

The speed of energy transfer appears to be the laser spectroscopy (above) has been applied to a photosynthetic protein (left). Distinct evidence for quantum behavior is demonstrated by

The speed of energy transfer appears to be the key to this efficiency. Laser techniques have probed the electron transfer mechanism on an ultrafast time scale (10-15 seconds).

behavior is demonstrated by the “beats” in the spectrum (below).

The unexpected discovery is that energy dissipation is avoided during the harvesting of light when a very rapid transfer of energy from the location of light absorption to the site where g pthe first ultrafast electron transfer occurs. This wavelike energy transfer is followed by a rapid “hand-off” of the electron from one molecule to another until the reaction center is reached.

This coherent energy transfer, which is uniquely quantum mechanical, was not anticipated in a molecular system this complex.

24Fleming, Blankenship, Nature 446, 782 (2007)

The BES Scientific User FacilitiesThe BES Scientific User FacilitiesThe nation’s largest suite of facilities for probing the atomic, nano, and macro worlds hosted ~9,000 users in FY 2007.The nation’s largest suite of facilities for probing the atomic, nano, and macro worlds hosted ~9,000 users in FY 2007.

Advanced Light

Advanced Photon Source

Electron Microscopy Center for Materials

Research

Intense PulsedCenter for Center for g

Source

National Synchrotron

National Center for Electron

Microscopy

Intense Pulsed Neutron Source

Nanoscale Materials

Functional Nanomaterials

Stanford

Synchrotron Light Source

MolecularFoundry National

Synchrotron Light Source-II

Synchrotron Radiation Lab

Center for

Spallation Neutron Source

Linac Coherent Light Source

Shared Research

Los Alamos Neutron Science

Center for Nanophase

Materials Sciences

Shared Research Equipment Program

High-Flux Isotope Reactor

Center

Center for Integrated

Nanotechnologies

25

• 4 Synchrotron Radiation Light Sources • Linac Coherent Light Source & NSLS-II (construction)• 4 Neutron Sources• 3 Electron Beam Microcharacterization Centers• 5 Nanoscale Science Research Centers (4 complete and 1 nearly complete)

National Synchrotron Light SourceAdvanced Photon Source

Present BES Facilities for XPresent BES Facilities for X--ray Scatteringray Scatteringy gAdvanced Photon Source

Advanced Light Source

6 0006,5007,0007,5008,0008,5009,000

f Use

rs Other (US, Foreign)

Foreign

1,5002,0002,5003,0003,5004,0004,5005,0005,5006,000

Num

ber o

f

Other Government Labs

Other DOE Laboratories

Laboratory On Site

Industry

University

26Stanford SynchrotronRadiation Laboratory

-500

1,0001,500

90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06

Fiscal Year

University

National Synchrotron Light Source National Synchrotron Light Source -- IIII

NSLS 0 100 200

JPSI

CFN

B t

J S

LOB

Storage Ring

LinacBooster

LOBLOB MER

MER

MER

MER

LOB LOB400 FEET

MER

27

Schematic of LCLS Conventional Facilities and Phased CommissioningSchematic of LCLS Conventional Facilities and Phased Commissioning

Beam Transport Hall – 227m Near Experimental Hall –Undulator Hall – 170m long long above grade facility to transport the electron beam through the existing RSY

underground facility whose primary function is to house 3 experimental hutches, prep and shops

underground tunnel housing undulators and ancillary equipment

Far Experimental Hall –underground single 46’ cavern to house 3 experimental hutches and prep space

LCLS Operations inLCLS Operations in

and prep space

Front End Enclosure – 40m long underground facility to house various diagnostic equipment in support of the photon beam LCLS Operations in LCLS Operations in

NEH NEH –– late 2009late 2009support of the photon beam

X Ray Transport & Diagnostics

Defer XT, XE technical procurements until FY09 CDCD--4 LCLS Operations 4 LCLS Operations in FEH in FEH -- July 2010July 2010

X-Ray Transport & Diagnostics Tunnel – 200m long underground tunnel used to transport photon beams from NEH to FEH

28

SNS UpdateSNS Update

29

Aerial View of HFIR Showing the Guide HallAerial View of HFIR Showing the Guide Hall

3030

Construction is Complete and Operations are Underway at All NSRCsConstruction is Complete and Operations are Underway at All NSRCs

Center for Nanoscale MaterialsCenter for Nanoscale Materials(Argonne National Laboratory)(Argonne National Laboratory)

Molecular FoundryMolecular Foundry(Lawrence Berkeley(Lawrence BerkeleyNational Laboratory)National Laboratory)National Laboratory)National Laboratory)

Center for Functional NanomaterialsCenter for Functional Nanomaterials(Brookhaven National Laboratory)(Brookhaven National Laboratory)

31

Center for Nanophase Materials SciencesCenter for Nanophase Materials Sciences(Oak Ridge National Laboratory)(Oak Ridge National Laboratory)

Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (Sandia & Los Alamos National Labs)(Sandia & Los Alamos National Labs)

31

Technology MaturationApplied ResearchGrand Challenges Discovery and Use-Inspired Basic Research

How Nature Works How Nature Works …… to to …… Materials by Design Materials by Design …… to to …… Technologies for the 21Technologies for the 21stst CenturyCentury

Basic research for fundamental new understanding on materials or systems that may

Basic research, often with the goal of addressing showstoppers on real-world applications in the energy

Research with the goal of meeting technical milestones, with emphasis on the development,

Scale-up research At-scale demonstrationCost reduction

& DeploymentApplied ResearchHow nature worksHow nature works Materials properties and functionalities by designMaterials properties and functionalities by design

Controlling materials processes at the level of quantum behavior of electrons y y

revolutionize or transform today’s energy technologies Development of new tools, techniques, and facilities, including those for the

pp gytechnologies

p ,performance, cost reduction, and durability of materials and components or on efficient processesProof of technology concepts

PrototypingManufacturing R&DDeployment support

Atom- and energy-efficient syntheses of new forms of matter with tailored propertiesEmergent properties from including those for the

scattering sciences and for advanced modeling and computation

conceptsg p pcomplex correlations of atomic and electronic constituentsMan-made nanoscale objects with capabilities rivaling those of living thingsrivaling those of living thingsControlling matter very far away from equilibrium

BESAC & BES Basic Research Needs Workshopsp

BESAC Grand Challenges Panel DOE Technology Office/Industry Roadmaps

3232