FACILITIES PLANNINGINTRODUCTION

Form Follows Function

Form and function should be one, joined in a spiritual union

FACILITYBuildingpeoplematerialmachinesStated purposeobjectives

Participants in a facility planning projectCivil ElectricalMechanicalIndustrial Engineers

ArchitectsConsultantsGeneral contractorsManagersReal estate brokersUrban planners

Towards a definitionFacilities planning determines how an activity's tangible fixed assets best support achieving the activity's objective. For a manufacturing firm, facilities planning involves the determination of how the manufacturing facility best supports production. For an airport, facilities planning involves determining how the airport facility is to support the passenger-airplane interface. For a hospital: How the hospital facility supports providing medical care to patients.

FP involves:i.e., Hospital, Office, Manufacturing FPs

Facilities LocationDetermining how the location of a facility supports meeting the facility's objective Its placement with respect to customer, suppliers, and other facilities with which it interfaces.Its orientation on a specific plot of land.

Facilities DesignThe determination of how the design components of a facility support achieving the facility's objectives

Facility SystemsStructural and enclosure systemsLighting, electrical, communication systemsLife safety systemsSanitation systemsFor a plant: Power, light, gas, heat, ventilation, air conditioning, water, sewage needs.

Facilities LayoutEquipmentMachineryFurnishingsFor a manufacturing facility:Production areasSupport areasPersonnel areas within the building

Handling SystemMechanisms needed to satisfy the required facility interactions.

For a Manufacturing FacilityMaterials, personnel, information, and equipment-handling systems required to support production.

MotivationsReindustrializationEmployee health and safetyEnergy conservationCommunity rules and regulationsNoise, air pollution, waste disposalPilferage

Objectives-I-Customer satisfactionReturn on assets (ROA)Maximize inventory turnsMinimize obsolete inventoryMaximize employee participationMaximize continuous improvementSpeed for quick customer responseCosts and supply chain profitability

Objectives-II-Supply chain through partnerships and communicationOrganizations visionUtilizations of people, equipment, space, energy.Return on investment (ROI) on all capital expendituresAdaptability and ease of maintenanceEmployee safety and job satisfaction

Facilities Planning ProcessDEFINE THE PROBLEMThe objective of the facilityProducts/Volumes/Role in the SCThe primary and support activitiesOperations, equipment, personnel, material flowsMaintenance

Facilities Planning ProcessANALYZE THE PROBLEMThe interrelationships among all activities(Qualitative and quantitative)

Facilities Planning ProcessDETERMINE THE SPACE REQUIREMENTS FOR ALL ACTIVITIESFor all equipment, material, and personnelAlternative designs Alternative facilities plans

Facilities Planning ProcessEVALUATE THE ALTERNATIVESSELECT THE PREFERRED DESIGNIMPLEMENT THE DESIGNImplement the planMaintain and adapt the planRedefine the objective of the facility

Model of SuccessVISIONMISSIONREQUIREMENT OF SUCCESSGUIDING PRINCIPLESEVIDENCE OF SUCCESS(Tompkins 1989)

Cost of making design changesPlanningDesigningBuildingInstallingCommissioning

Synergistic benefit of integrated manufacturing-marketing teamNo.of units soldImproved flexible manufacturing Product varietyLot sizesQualityInventoryManufacturing unit costsCustomer service

Facilities planningDetermines how an activity's tangible fixed assets should contribute to meeting the activity's objectives.Consists of facilities location and facilities design,Is part art and part science.Can be approached using the engineering design process,Is a continuous process and should be viewed from a life cycle perspective.Represents one of the most significant opportunities for cost reduction and productivity improvement.

Facility LocationType & Volume of Products (services)Manufacturing (services) Processes RequiredDesign of Components (services)Type and Quantity of Equipment RequiredProcess PlanningType and Quantity of Material Handling DevicesDetermine Material Handling MethodsLayout of Equipment within Each CellLayout of machine cellsDetermination of Machine (service) CellsTooling and Fixture DeterminationDetermining Flow of Products and PeopleScheduling and Planning JobsOverall System DesignInventory ControlDistribution of GoodsQuality Control and Customer Service

The involvement of Industrial Engineers in the design process enhances and optimizes all aspects of architectural professional practice in commercial, healthcare, or industrial projects. Traditionally. IEs possess skills and analytical tools for determining site selection, space requirements, flow/activity analysis, and space/function relationship programming. Using these skills, the engineer brings value to the overall design by assisting in operations planning, concept design, and layout evaluation and therefore yielding a more cost-effective and functional design.

ProblemsPeruse the problems at the end of the first chapter (Lab activity).