FACILITIES FOR PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES IN HIGHER …nafam.org.my/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/NAFAM-2018... · 2018-12-21 · 4. The Uniform Building By-Law (UBBL) 1984 (amended 1990)

FACILITIES FOR PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES IN HIGHER

EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS

NAFAM 2018 : 9 October 2018 : PICC, Putrajaya

Centre of Excellence, Facilities Management (CeFM)

Faculty of Technology Management and Business

Official websites : Cefm.uthm.edu.my : Cefm UTHM

Email: [email protected] Tel: 0137051642

Assc. Prof. Sr. Dr. Rozilah Kasim

Ms Ng Wee Fern

mailto:[email protected]

Persons with Disabilities (PwDs)

• What is a Disability? – A disability is defined as a condition or function judged to be significantly

impaired relative to the usual standard of an individual or group. – The term is used to refer to individual functioning, including:

• physical impairment, sensory impairment, cognitive impairment, intellectual impairment mental illness, and various types of chronic disease.

• (Source: International Classification of functioning, Disability and Health (ICF), 2001)

• Types of disability – Physical disabilities

• Agility & mobility

– Sensory disabilities • Auditory & Vision

– Cognitive disabilities • Developmental & Learning disabilities

– Acquired brain injury • Damaged cause a traumatic, chronic or pathological injury

– (Source: Universal Design Handbook, 2010)

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Related legislation, Standards & Guidelines

Legislations & Standards Descriptions

1. The Person with Disabilities Act (Act 685) (PWDA) 2008

The first compact and comprehensive law regarding PwDs in Malaysia. It outlines the welfare policies which are related to the barrier-free environment.

2. Malaysian Standards Code of Practice on Access for Disabled Persons

- MS 1184:2002 Code of Practice on Access for Disabled Persons to Public Building (1st Revision)

- MS 1183:1990 Code of Practice for Means of Escape for Disabled Persons

- MS 1331:2003 Code of Practice for Access of Disabled Persons Outside Buildings (1st Revision)

3. The Town & Country Planning Act, 1976 (Act 172) The planning permission requirements on the access and facilities for PwDs

4. The Uniform Building By-Law (UBBL) 1984 (amended 1990) under Street, Drainage & Building Act, 1974 (Act 133)

The insertion of the UBBL 34A which requires buildings to comply with the MS Code of Practice on Access for PwDs.

5. Universal Design - Building Accessible and Inclusive Environments (2010)

Outlines what access-for-everyone entail, seeks to demonstrate the advantages of providing equal access, social inclusion and a level playing field for all.

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The needs for PwDs’ facilities in Public Universities

1372 1572

1742 1930

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

2012 2013 2014 2015

Statistic Enrolment for Disabled Students at Public Universities

(National Education Statitics, 2016))

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• Matlamat ke 4 : Falsafah Pendidikan Kebangsaan (2012) – Memberi Peluang-Peluang Pendidikan kepada semua

Warganegara Malaysia

• 3rd Aspirations of Malaysia Education Blueprint 2015-2025 (Higher Education) – Equity

• Today, socio-economic status remains one of the biggest determinants of educational outcomes in primary, secondary, as well as higher education. Malaysia aspires to provide an equitable education system for all Malaysians. This does not mean ensuring identical outcomes for students, but rather ensuring that students—regardless of ethnicity, geographical location, or socio-economic background—have the opportunity to fulfil their potential. Similarly, the Ministry recognises the importance of providing equitable access to educational opportunities for students with special needs due to disabilities.

The needs for PwDs’s facilities in Public Universities

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AIM OF THE STUDY

Aim

• To asses the availability and accessibility of the facilities

that supports PwDs at HEIs (UTHM).

In response to the aim of study, some questions have

been raised of:

• Do the facilities provisions in HEIs (UTHM) support PWDs? – Are these facilities available?

• If the answer is “YES”, the next question would be asked is:

– Are these available facilities accessible to the PwDs?

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SCOPE OF STUDY

• Case study university – This study has chosen UTHM (Parit Raja Campus) as a case study

example.

– UTHM is one of the public universities in Malaysia primarily focusing

on Engineering and Technology.

– Total students’ enrollment: more than 15,000 students including

international students from 22 countries (2017).

– There are 7 staff with disabilities and 21 students with disabilities in

UTHM (PPA UTHM, 2017).

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SCOPE OF STUDY

• Selected Buildings and Sites – In total 95 sampling (Buildings and Sites) were selected

including:

• Faculties

• Library

• Laboratories,

• Research centre

• Administrative offices

• Students’ accommodations

• Lecture halls

• Business centre

• Recreation and sport centre.

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SCOPE OF STUDY

• Components of facilities for an availability assessment

– 4 types of facilities components as in enacted provisions in Uniform Building by Law (34A) (UBBL 34A), Malaysia Standard: MS1183, MS1184, MS1331, Universal Design, Barrier Free Guidelines for disabled.

• Toilet

• Parking lot

• Ramp

• Lift

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SCOPE OF STUDY

• Specifications for an accessibility assessment

– 9 types of specifications as in enacted provisions in Uniform Building by Law (34A) (UBBL 34A), Malaysia Standard: MS1183, MS1184, MS1331, Universal Design, Barrier Free Guidelines for disabled. • Threshold ramps

• Accessible Entrances

• Passing and Turning spaces

• Car parking area

• Wheelchair seating spaces in auditorium

• Glazing Specific safety requirements

• Lifts Substantial additional prescription on the uses (and limits to use of) different lifting devices has been included

• Sanitary facilities for people with ambulant disabilities for each sex

• Accessible links between buildings

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21

11

1

21

12

5

0

5

10

15

20

25

2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Disabled Students' Enrolment in UTHM from 2012-2017

(PPA, UTHM, 1 August 2017)

PwDs in UTHM

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METHODS OF DATA COLLECTION

• Methods of Data Collections

– Documents Review

• Related legislation, Standards & Guidelines (refer to Slide no 3)

– Observation (site inspection)

• The Checklist for assessing the availability and accessibility

of the PwDs’ facilities was employed

• Date of observations: May, June, July and September 2017

• Duration for inspection for each site/building: about 3 hours

• Photographs of the facilities were taken and recorded

• Method of Data Analysis

– Content Analysis (Thematic Analysis)

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Table 1 Availability Checklist.docx

Table 2 Specification Checklist.docx

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The Availability of PwDs Facilities Components at UTHM

• Based on 4 components (Toilet, Parking, Ramp and Lift) of disabled facilities, the findings revealed that only: – 9 buildings do provide all 4 components for disabled

facilities (9.5%)

– 5 buildings do provide 3 components for disabled facilities (5.3%)

– 15 buildings do provide 1 component for disabled facilities (15.8%)

– 66 buildings do not provide any of components for disabled facilities (69.5%)

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Table 1 Availability Checklist.docx

ACCESSIBILITY OF DISABLED FACILITY PROVISIONS AT UTHM

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Observations at sites Comments Malaysian Standards

Adequate space provided for

users to park in the car. Insufficient space provided

between two parking lots. Located near to lift. Placed proximity to bus stop. No leveled with anti- resistance.

No painted with contrast color.

Even the size of parking lot is big

enough for car to park in, but there is

insufficient space provided between

two parking lots for wheelchair users

to manoeuver. The air surrounding the bus stop is

polluted. The place is unsuitable for

disabled people to access. Users cannot recognize the place if

the parking lots no paint with bright color.

Accessible area among two parking lots

should be provided for users to access. Parking lots should be properly arranged

and placed at appropriate area. Anti-slip material must be furnished at

parking lots and accessible area. Sharp color should be applied at parking

lots. Must be 2400 mm and not more than

1.5 meter to reach the buildings

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1. Accessibility to Car Parking

Side dox Flooring

Observations at sites

Comments Malaysian Standards

No connected. Shading cover is presented. Many columns are erected

at center of pathway. Bus stop is built at center

of pathway. Insufficient space is

allowed for wheelchair

users to manoeuver. Lighting is not installed. Handrail is not provided. Guiding blocks are not

furnished.

Clear width was 2000 mm The gradient steeper was

1:3 There was no camber of

crowned and kerb The surface of adjacent

grounds to the pathways and internal ramps was 30 mm

Shading cover is

provided to protect

people from exposing

to sunlight and

raining. Columns are formed

an obstruction for

users. Bus stop is created an

impediment for users. Pathway is narrow;

unable for users to

access. No lighting provided,

pedestrians‟ safety

are being threatened. Handrail is not

provided to assist

pedestrians. Guiding blocks are

not presented to

indicate the direction.

Seamless connected pathway must be

provided for pedestrians. Columns must be removed or placed at

side of pathway. Bus stop is recommended to build at

particular place. Sufficient space must be at least enabling

to allow for users to access. Adequate lighting must be supplied to

enhance user’s well-being. Handrail should be installed at both sides

of pathway. Guiding block should be furnished to lead

the users.

Clear width at every part not less than 1200 mm

In no part have a gradient steeper than 1:12

The camber of crowned or kerb and ramps should be more than 1:40nin cross section

The surface of adjacent grounds to the pathways and internal ramp should be at same level 10 mm

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2. Accessibility to Pathways

Flooring


• Lecture Hall A - Length of ramps is 1400 mm and landing area is 3900mm

• Lecture Hall D - Length of the ramps is 5300mm and landing area is 4700mm

It is too long and will make wheelchair user fall

Be provided with landing rest areas not less 1200mm in length at intervals of not more than 6000 mm

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3a. Accessibility to Threshold Ramp


• Returned kerb ramp is presented.

Located at place out of usual line of

pedestrian flow.

Placed at area which avoid from water

accumulates.

A post stands at among of ramp.

Indent lines are presented.

No painted with sharp colors.

Absent of guiding blocks.

• Improper placed the post; ramp becomes useless.

• Indent lines are used as slip- resistant purpose.

• Ramp no painted with contrast colors; people may encounter the danger of falling down.

• Guiding blocks are not presented to

warn the users.

• Proper design should be planed before building.

• A post should be removed. • Paints the kerb ramp with contrast

colors to distinguish the ramp and floor area.

• Guiding blocks should be furnished to assist the vision impaired people.

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3b. Accessibility to Kerb Ramp

Observations at sites Comments Malaysian Standards • Inappropriate place of guiding blocks. • Unconnected guiding blocks

presented. • Colour of guiding blocks is light

• The floor and surface was made from slippery material

• Improper placed of guiding blocks; indicate users in wrong direction.

• Color of guiding blocks is light; unable to attract users’ awareness

• It will cause slip and accident

• Systematic guiding blocks should be provided to guide the users.

• Guiding blocks should be furnished with sharp color

• Surface should have non slip finish

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4. Accessibility to Guiding Block

Observations at sites

Comments Malaysian Standards

Firm and easy to

grasp.

Installed at corner.

Installed at proper

height.

Unconnected handrail

is presented.

Colour of handrail is

same with the wall.

Absent of Braille type

small plate.

• Unconnected

positioned of handrail;

unable to assist people.

• Similar color used at

handrail and wall;

people cannot

recognise the handrail

position.

• Braille type small

plates are not attached

at beginning and end of

the handrail; unable to

users.

• Connected handrail is

recommended to install.

• Contrast colours must be

used to differentiate between

the wall and handrail.

• Braille type small plates

should be presented at

beginning and end of

handrails to indicate its

position.

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5. Accessibility to Handrail

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6. Accessibility to Staircase


Steps

Risers and treads are

standardised built up.

Absent of warning tactile.

No painted with sharp colour.

Warning tactile is not present to

guide the vision impaired people.

Not painted with contrast colour

to differentiate with flat floor.

Hazard warning tactile paving is

recommended to furnish at top and

bottoms of steps.

Painting with protrude colors to

distinguish from flat floor.

Nosing

Protrude nosing tiles is used.

maintenance

maintenance

Handrails

Presented at both sides.

Located at proper height.

Easy to grip.

maintenance

maintenance

Landing

Guiding blocks are

furnished.

maintenance

maintenance

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7. Accessibility to Lift


Lift doors

Located at accessible area.

Lift door is wide enough for wheelchair users

to access.

Lift door and wall are showed in contrast

colors to differentiate with each other.

Automatic re-opening sensor is not installed

between the lift doors.

Absent of automatic re- opening

sensor which cannot trap the

passengers between the door panels.

Photo-electric sensor has to be

installed to detect the passengers

and control the door.

Operation panel

Call-button, operating panel, interphone

switches are presented at proper height.

Braille type push operating buttons are used.

Internal operating panel is provided at left-

side wall

Only single sided control panel

provided. Wheelchair users cannot

reach the buttons by their heights.

Visual and hearing disabled people

are required the visual and voice

indicators

Both sided control panels and one

control panel at lower level should

be provided inside the lift.

Visual and voice indicators should

be installed at inside and outside

the lift to assist

(View from main entrance).

Visual and voice indicators are installed at inside

the lift to announce the floor location for visual

impairment people.

Install at outside the lift. The visual and hearing disabled people.

Lift accessories

Sufficient space is provided inside the lift.

Floor is covered with non-slip carpet.

Horizontal handrail is attached at both sides of

interior lift.

Guiding blocks are furnished at lift doorway.

Adequate space provided inside the lift

for wheelchair users to man oeuvre.

Non-slip carpet is furnished to avoid

any accidents happen when the lift

moves.

Three sides horizontal handrail

should be provided without

separation.

A mirror is recommended to provide

at inside of wall lift for passengers to

view the door opening or closing.

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7. Accessibility to Lift

Size lift fulfil the MS but no Braille for visual and

deaf impairment and

Must be alert sound and

Braille

To ease the impairment users


Lecture Hall, library door is not easy to open. Using 90 N to 100 N

The narrow corridor entrance and angular (125cm X 150 CM)

PWDs need assistant to open and access the door

Inconvenience passing and turning space

The maximum force for a person with disabled to manually operate self-closing door should not greater than 20 N

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8. Accessibility to Doorways


• The types and location of available facilities are clearly indicated.

• Visible, clear simple and easy to read and understand.

• Contrast colors are used to discriminate between symbol and background.

• Placed at main entrance. • Absent of Braille type

signage.

• Figures of signage are presented in smaller size. Visual problems users are hard to read.

• Absent of Braille type signage; cannot guide the visual impairment people.

• Figures and symbol at signage should be written in bigger size.

• Braille type signage is suggested to provide.

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9. Accessibility to Signage


Water closet not standardize in measurement

Grab bar / hand rail not in standard measurement

Wheelchair user facing problems to use the water set

PWDs need the grab bar or handrail to support their turning gesture

Diameter not more than 30 cm

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8. Accessibility to Toilet

Conclusion

• Findings from this study has built new thinking on disabled facilities provision in HEIs, especially in public universities.

• If the government plans to achieve its vision of providing an equal education for all (including persons with disabilities), disabled facilities provisions need to be reviewed for further improvement.

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THANK YOU Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM) 86400 Parit Raja, Batu Pahat Johor, Malaysia Tel: +607-453 7000 Fax: +607-453 6337

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