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Nano Energy Seminar, 12-13 August 2013, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies (UPES), India
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Facilitating Nanotechnology Knowledge Management Partnerships: A Case Study on
Nano Material Based Solar Cells
By
H. Purushotham Centre for Knowledge Management of Nanoscience & Technology(CKMNT)
(A Project of ARCI, Dept. of Science & Technology, Govt. of India) email: [email protected]
Nano Energy Seminar 12-13 August 2013 Organised by
Vision
Become a
state-of-the-art
one stop global
nanoscience and
technology
knowledge
centre and
network
seamlessly all
the ‘nano’ stake
holders.
Objectives
Generation of
Knowledge Databases Newsletter
Technology Monitoring
Services
Patent & Literature Search
and Analysis
Strategic Inputs to Nano
Mission
Technology Briefs
Techno-Commercial/
Market Research
Reports
Top ten countries in terms of number of
publications in 2012
Growth of Indian Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Publications and Patents
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
266 310 153 111 65 53 32 18 17 11 6 7
355 394 553
821 971
1413
1931
2516
2987
3623
4762 4911
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Publications
Patents
Technology Reports
Directory Regulatory Frame
Work Guidelines
and Best Practices
Nano-Sensors
Nano-Copper
Nano-ZnO Sliver-Silica-
Silicon Oil
Composite
Publications of CKMNT
Line process for CIGS PV cell and R&D focus at ARCI
Substrates: Soda lime glass, polyimide & Stainless steel
Mo back
contact
CIG deposition
H2Se/Se treatment
CdS buffer
i-ZnO ZnO:Al front
contact
Performance testing
CIGS ink printing
Flash light treatment
CIGS by electro-
deposition
Flash light treatment
ARCI’s R&D focus
Objectives Development of easy and cost effective preparation route for efficient CIGS thin film solar cell
Pilot scale R&D facility for CIGS thin film solar cell on 30 cm x 30 cm substrate at ARCI
1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9
S N Equipments
1 Sputter coater
2 Se evaporation-RTP
3 CBD system
4 Scribing equipment
5 Substrate cleaning
6 Laminator
7 I-V testing system
8 Environmental chamber
9 XRF
CRYSTALLINE SILICON (1st Generation) THIN FILM (2nd Generation) Semi conducting
material that produces
electricity
Poly silicon Cadmium Telluride, Copper-Indium-
Gallium-Selenide or amorphous
silicon
Method of
manufacturing
Poly silicon waters cut into cells and strung
together to make modules
Semi conducting material coated on
either glass or flexible substrate
Efficiency 16-17 per cent 11-12 per cent
Cost 60-65 cents per watt 50-55 cents per watt
Advantage Established technology, in existence for
over 35 year
Performs better in hot climatic
zones such as India
Disadvantage Temperature degradation higher, efficiency
drops in hot conditions
Lower efficiency, therefore requires
larger area MW
SOLAR POWERS
ITALY
15.9 GW
USA
5.9 GW
GERMANY
30.1 GW
AUSTRALIA
1.7 GW
INDIA
1.2 GW
850 mw
Gujarat
201 mw
Rajasthan
20 mw
Maharashtra
17 mw
Tamil Nadu
16 mw
Jharkhand
The Solar States
PV technologies available to date and their efficiencies
PV Solar Technology Research Period
Devoted (Yrs)
Highest Efficiency Reported for Lab Scale Devices (%)
Efficiency Range for Large Area Solar Panels
1 (a) Mono-Crystalline Si (b) Multi-Crystalline Si (c) Amorphous Si
~70
~26 ~18 ~12
18~24 12~17
5~8
2 III-V Compounds ~50 ~39 ------
3 CuInGaSe2 (CIGS) Thin Film Solar Cells
~30 19.9 10-13
4 CdTe Based Thin Film Solar Cells
~30 16.5 8-10
5 Dye Sensitised Solar Cells ~20 ~12 ~5-6
6 Organic Solar Cells Based on Conducting Polymers
~10 ~3-6 -----
Source: I.M. Dharmadasa, Solar Energy Symposium, July 2009 Colombo, Sri Lanka
Search String: (((solar or photovoltaic* or Grätzel* or "photo-voltaic*")
and (cell* or device* or battery*) and (nano* or "quantum dot*" or
"quantum well" or "quantum-dot*"))) AND DP>=(20020101) AND
DP<=(20121231);
Period: January 01, 2002 to December 31, 2012
Coverage: Title, Abstract and Claims of the patents
Database: Thomson Innovation which covers 90+ patent authorities
Results: 10279 Patents
Patents Search Strategy
A CASE STUDY: Solar Cells Patents Analysis
A CASE STUDY: Solar cells Patents Analysis
120 160 175 254 324 447
657
994
1530
2512
3106
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014
No
. o
f P
ate
nt
Pu
bli
cati
on
s
Years
Growth of patents on nanotechnology based solar cells (10279)
Co
ncep
tualizati
on
of
Q.D
. S
ola
r C
ell (
2000)
Nan
ow
ire b
ased
so
lar
cell (
2005)
Qu
an
tum
do
t so
lar
cells (
2006)
Pla
sm
on
ic P
ho
tov
olt
aic
s (
2008)
A CASE STUDY: Solar Cells Patents Analysis
A CASE STUDY: Solar cells Patents Analysis
Published Patents,
13758, 78%
Granted Patents, 3848,
22%
Global Patent trends on nanotechnology based solar cells
(2002-2012)
A CASE STUDY: Solar Cells Patents Analysis
Electrolyte, 3% (308)
Medium, 35% (3598)
Segmentation of Patents Based on Use of Nanotechnology in Various Solar Cell Comonents
Electrode:
Photoelectrode,
Photocathode,
Antireflective
Layer/ Coating,
Anode, Conducting
Transparent
Substrate/ Layer
A CASE STUDY: Solar Cells Patents Analysis
Electrode,
62% (6373)
A CASE STUDY: Solar Cells Patents Analysis
Source: Nanotech Insights, Oct 2010
A CASE STUDY: Solar cells Patents Analysis
Others*, 7%, (720)
Quantum Dot, 12%, (1233)
Organic/Polymer, 10%, (1028)
Nanowires/ Nanotubes based
solar cells, 5%, (514)
Thin Film, 24%, (2467)
Amorphus, 9%, (925)
Dye-sensitized, 33%, (3392)
Segementation of Solar Cells Based on Types of Nanomaterials (2002-2012)
A CASE STUDY: Solar Cells Patents Analysis
* Plasmonic Solar Cells, Device or Add-Ons or Concentrators
33 43 73 158 216 332 368
1492 1604
2407
2830
723
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
No
. of
Pat
en
t P
ub
licat
ion
s
Countries
Distribution of prority countries for nanotechnology based solar cells (2002-2012)
Others : Mexico, Finland, Russia, Israel, Netherlands, Singapore, Brazil, Sweden etc.
A CASE STUDY: Solar Cells Patents Analysis
A CASE STUDY: Solar cells Patents Analysis
156
80
76
76
63
62
56
54
53
49
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS CO LTD
FUJIFILM CORP
UNIV CALIFORNIA
KONICA MINOLTA HOLDINGS INC
IND TECH RES INST
SONY CORP
DU PONT
UNIV FUDAN
GEN ELECTRIC
IBM
No. of Patent Publications
Ass
ign
ee
/Ap
plic
ants
Patent Publication of Top 10 Assignees (2002-2012)
A CASE STUDY: Solar Cells Patents Analysis
A CASE STUDY: Solar cells Patents Analysis
12
9
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
CSIR
Individuals
HONEYWELL INT INC
INDIAN ASSOC CULTIVATION SCI
MOSER BAER INDIA LTD
IIT
BHEl
COIMBATORE INST TECHNOLOGY
JNCASR
No. of Patent Publications
Ass
ign
ee
s
Distribution of patents by indian assignees in nanotechnology based solar cells (2002-2012)
A CASE STUDY: Solar Cells Patents Analysis
Cluster Mapping of Plasmonic Solar Cells
Plasmonic (AND)= plasmonic and nano Nano (OR)= nano or quantom dot or quantum well
Device (OR)= Device or cell or battery Photovoltaic (OR)= photovolataic or solar
A CASE STUDY: Solar cells Patents Analysis Conclusions
• CKMNT matured to offer wide ranging KM services in all areas of NS & NT
• Patenting activity is growing across the globe (104% growth from 2010 to 2012)
• Leading countries are USA, China, Japan, South Korea
• Nanomaterials are used in electrodes (62%), medium 32% and electrolyte 3%
• Samsung electronics is on the top of 10 assignees
• Nanomaterials are used in Dye sensitised solar cells (33%), Thin films (24%), Quantum Dots (12%)
• Plasmonic solar cells, a promising 3rd generation technology has the potential to offer 95% efficiency by using entire spectrum of sunlight (UV, Visible, IR)