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A FABLE IS… Very short
Features nonhuman characters personified to the extreme (such as animals, plants, objects)
Ends with moral or lesson
AESOP Most well known writer of fables Lived in Athens, Greece Wrote many popular fables you are
familiar with…The Ant and the GrasshopperThe Lion and the MouseThe Boy Who Cried WolfThe Fox and the Crow
FAMOUS MORALS FROM AESOP Don’t cry over spilled milk.
Don’t count your chickens until they hatch.
Birds of a feather flock together.
Appearances are often deceiving.
Slow and steady wins the race.
ALLEGORY Form of artwork (in our case a piece of
literature) that has at least two meanings
Literal meaning—what is about
Symbolic meaning—story stands for something else
Fables are often allegories
THE ANT AND THE GRASSHOPPERIn a field one summer's day a grasshopper was hopping about, chirping and singing to its heart's content. A group of ants walked by, grunting as they struggled to carry plump kernels of corn.
"Where are you going with those heavy things?" asked the grasshopper.
Without stopping, the first ant replied, "To our ant hill. This is the third kernel I've delivered today."
"Why not come and sing with me," teased the grasshopper, "instead of working so hard?"
"We are helping to store food for the winter," said the ant, "and think you should do the same."
"Winter is far away and it is a glorious day to play," sang the grasshopper.
THE ANT AND THE GRASSHOPPERBut the ants went on their way and continued their hard work.
The weather soon turned cold. All the food lying in the field was covered with a thick white blanket of snow that even the grasshopper could not dig through. Soon the grasshopper found itself dying of hunger. He staggered to the ants' hill and saw them handing out corn from the stores they had collected in the summer. He begged them for something to eat.
“What!" cried the ants in surprise, "haven't you stored anything away for the winter? What in the world were you doing all last summer?"
"I didn't have time to store any food," complained the grasshopper; "I was so busy playing music that before I knew it the summer was gone."
The ants shook their heads in disgust, turned their backs on the grasshopper and went on with their work.
MORAL Don't forget -- there is a time for work and a time for play!
THE ANT AND THE GRASSHOPPER
Literal Symbolic
Ant Corn Grasshopper Summer Winter
Hardworking People Work/Preparation Simple Minded
People Opportunity Hard Times
ANIMAL FARM
Literal Symbolic
Mr. Jones Old Major Napoleon Snowball Squealer Animalism The Rebellion The Dogs Moses Boxer Benjamin Mollie
Czar Nicholas II Karl Marx Stalin Trotsky Propaganda Communism Russian Revolution KGB Religion Working class people of
Russia Skeptical people of Russia Vain/Selfish people of Russia
MR. JONES CZAR NICHOLAS II Cruel—beats
animals with a whip
Irresponsible because he doesn’t feed them much
Sometimes kind—mixes milk in mash
Poor Russian leader
Lived lavish lifestyle at expense of people
Cruel—brutal to opponents
Sometimes kind
OLD MAJOR KARL MARX Taught
Animalism Workers do the
work, but rich keep the money
Dies before revolution
Collected ideas of communism
“Workers of the world unite” to take over gov’t
Dies before revolution
NAPOLEON STALIN Not a good
speaker, not as clever as Snowball
Cruel, brutal, selfish, corrupt
Ambition is for power, killed opponents
Used dogs to control animals
Not a good speaker, not educated like Trotsky
Didn’t follow Marx’s ideas
Ambition for power, killed all that opposed him
Used KGB and propaganda to get his way
SNOWBALL TROTSKY Young, smart,
good speaker Really wants
better life for all Chased away
into exile by Napoleon’s dogs
Other leader of Russian Revolution
Pure communist, followed Marx
Wanted to improve life for all people of Russia
Chased away by KGB
ANIMALISMCOMMUNISM No owners, no
rich, but no poor Workers get a
better life All animals equal Everyone owns
farm
No owners, no rich, but no poor
All people are equal
Government owns everything, people own government