FA Edit Project

8/20/2019 FA Edit Project

1/45

1

A PROJECT REPORT ON

“COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ACCOUNTING STANDARDS (AS) AND

INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL REPORTING STANDARDS (IFRS)”

SUBMITTED BY

MR/MISS REENA RAMKRISHNA MAHADIK .

ROLL NO: 6225

M.Com. SEM- I

(ADVANCE ACCOUNTANCY)

ACADEMIC YEAR: 2015-1

U!"#$ % '"*!+# o, PROJECT UIDE

PRO. S.A.PAAR.

SUBMITTED TO UNIVERSITY O MUMBAI

MULUND COLLEE O COMMERCE

S N ROAD MULUND (EST)

MUMBAI - 0000


2/45

2

Decl!"#$% &!$' "e S"*e%"

I REENA RAMKRISHNA MAHADIK . R.No. 6225 S%"#!% o, M3!" Co33#'# O,

Comm#$+# S. N. Ro*" M3!" (#4%) 0000 4%"!' ! M.Com P*$%- I $#6 "#+3*$# %&*% I

&*7# +om83#%#" % 8$o9#+% o! “COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ACCOUNTING

STANDARDS (AS) AND INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL REPORTING

STANDARDS (IFRS)” !"#$ % '"*!+# o, 8$o9#+% '"# P$o,. S.A.PAAR "$!' %

*+*"#m+ #*$ 2015-1. T !,o$m*%o! 46m%%#" 4 %$# %o % 6#4% o, m !o;3#"'#.

D*%#: S'!*%$#

P3*+#:


3/45

3

CERTIFICATE

I P$o,. S.A.PAAR $#6 +#$%, %&*% M$/M44 REENA RAMKRISHNA MAHADIK +

R.No. 6225 o, M3!" Co33#'# o, Comm#$+# S. N. Ro*" M3!" (#4%) Mm6* -0000 o,

M.+om P*$% I (A"7*!+#" A++o!%*!+) &*4 +om83#%#" $ 8$o9#+% o! “COMPARATIVE

STUDY OF ACCOUNTING STANDARDS (AS) AND INTERNATIONAL

FINANCIAL REPORTING STANDARDS (IFRS)” "$!' % *+*"#m+ #*$ 2015-

1. T !,o$m*%o! 46m%%#" 4 %$# *!" o$'!*3 %o % 6#4% o, m !o;3#"'#.


4/45

4

ACKNO,LEDGEMENT

I ;o3" 3# %o #=8$#44 m 4!+#$# '$*%%"# %o P$!+8*3 o, M3!" Co33#'# o,

Comm#$+# DR. (M$4.) P*$7*%& V#!*%#4& Co$4# - Coo$"!*%o$ P$o,. R*!# *!" o$ 8$o9#+%

'"# P$o,. S.A.PAAR ,o$ 8$o7"!' m# *! o88o$%!% %o "o m 8$o9#+% ;o$ o!

“COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ACCOUNTING STANDARDS (AS) AND

INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL REPORTING STANDARDS (IFRS)” I *34o

;4& %o #=8$#44 m 4!+#$# '$*%%"# %o % !o! - %#*+&!' 4%*,, o, o$ +o33#'#. I

4!+#$#3 %&*! %o *33 o, %m ! &!' m# %o +*$$!' o% %&4 8$o9#+% ;o$. L*4% 6%

!o% % 3#*4% I ;4& %o *7*3 m4#3, o, %&4 o88o$%!% %o #=8$#44 * 4#!4# o, '$*%%"#

*!" 3o7# %o m ,$#!"4 *!" m 6#3o7#" 8*$#!%4 ,o$ %$ m%*3 488o$% 4%$#!'%& &

*!" ,o$ #7#$%&!'.

PLACE: S'!*%$#

DATE:


5/45

5

INDE-

INTRODUCTION

Acc$%"#%. S"%*!*

I! %&4 $#48#+% m*! 8$8o4# o, 4%*!"*$"4 4 %o 8$o7"# !,o$m*%o! %o % 4#$4 *4%o % 6*44 o! ;&+& % *++o!%4 &*7# 6##! 8$#8*$#".T o69#+%7# o, 4#%%!'4%*!"*$"4 4 %o 6$!' *6o% !,o$m% ! ,!*!+*3 $#8o$%!' *!" %o #!4$#+o!44%#!+ ! % "*%* 8634" 6 #!%#$8$4#4. o$ *++o!%!' 4%*!"*$"4 %o 6#4#,3 %oo3 %o #!&*!+# % +o$8o$*%# 'o7#$!*!+# *!" $#48o!463% %;o +$%#$*m4% 6# 4*%4,#" .#.

SR+

NO+PARTICULARS

PAGE

NO+

C/"e! 0 I%"!$*c"#$% O& OPEC

• O1ec"#3e4 O& AS %* IFRS

• H/$"e4#4 O& AS %* IFRS

• Re4e!c OF Me"$*$l$.

• R"#$%l O& S"*

• Re3#e O& L#"e!"!e4

• L#'#""#$%4 O& S"*

6708

C/"e! 2 H#4"$! OF Acc$%"#%. S"%*!*4 09729

C/"e! : H#4"$! OF IFRS 2;7::

C/"e! 8 C$'/!"#3e O& AS A%* IFRS :87:5

C/"e! 5 A%l4#4 O& DATA :6

C/"e! 6 Rec$''e%*"#$% O& S"* :97:;C/"e! 9 C$%cl4#$% :<

C/"e! ; =#1l$.!/ 8>


6/45

6

() A 4%*!"*$" m4% 8$o7"# * '#!#$*33 !"#$4%oo" *!" *++#8%#" m#*4$# o, % 8!om#!* o, +o!+#$!.

() A 4%*!"*$" 4&o3" 4'!,+*!%3 $#"+# % *mo!% o, m*!83*%o! o, %$#8o$%#" !m6#$4 *!" 4 3#3 %o o++$ ! % *64#!+# o, % 4%*!"*$"4.

I%"e!%"#$%l F#%%c#l Re/$!"#%. S"%*!*4 (IFRS)

I!%#$!*%o!*3 !*!+*3 R#8o$%!' S%*!"*$"4 (IRS) *$# * 4#% o, *++o!%!'

4%*!"*$"4 "#7#3o8#" 6 % I!%#$!*%o!*3 A++o!%!' S%*!"*$"4 Bo*$" (IASB) %&*%4 6#+om!' % '3o6*3 4%*!"*$" ,o$ % 8$#8*$*%o! o, 863+ +om8*! ,!*!+*34%*%#m#!%4. I!%#$!*%o!*3 !*!+*3 R#8o$%!' S%*!"*$"4 (IRS) *$# * 4#%o, !%#$!*%o!*3 *++o!%!' 4%*!"*$"4 4%*%!' &o; 8*$%+3*$ %8#4o, %$*!4*+%o!4 *!" o%$ #7#!%4 4&o3" 6# $#8o$%#" ! ,!*!+*3 4%*%#m#!%4. IRS*$# 44#" 6 % I!%#$!*%o!*3 A++o!%!' S%*!"*$"4 Bo*$" *!" % 48#+,#=*+%3 &o; *++o!%*!%4 m4% m*!%*! *!" $#8o$% %$ *++o!%4. IRS ;#$##4%*634" ! o$"#$ %o &*7# * +ommo! *++o!%!' 3*!'*'# 4o 64!#44 *!"*++o!%4 +*! 6# !"#$4%oo" ,$om +om8*! %o +om8*! *!" +o!%$ %o +o!%$.T#!%$# ;o$3" &*4 ,*+%*33 6#+om# ,3*%.

O=?ECTIVES

Acc$%"#%. S"%*!*

• T&4 S%*!"*$" 8$#4+$6#4 % 6*44 ,o$ 8$#4#!%*%o! o, '#!#$*3 8$8o4# ,!*!+*34%*%#m#!%4 %o #!4$# +om8*$*63% 6o%& ;%& % #!%%>4 ,!*!+*3 4%*%#m#!%4 o,

8$#7o4 8#$o"4 *!" ;%& % ,!*!+*3 4%*%#m#!%4 o, o%$ #!%%#4.


7/45

7

• I% 4#%4 o% o7#$*33 $#?$#m#!%4 ,o$ % 8$#4#!%*%o! o, ,!*!+*3 4%*%#m#!%4'"#3!#4 ,o$ %$ 4%$+%$# *!" m!mm $#?$#m#!%4 ,o$ %$ +o!%#!%.

• A! #!%% 4&*33 *883 %&4 S%*!"*$" ! 8$#8*$!' *!" 8$#4#!%!' '#!#$*3 8$8o4#,!*!+*3 4%*%#m#!%4 ! *++o$"*!+# ;%& I!"*! A++o!%!' S%*!"*$"4 (I!" AS4).

• O%$ I!" AS4 4#% o% % $#+o'!%o! m#*4$#m#!% *!" "4+3o4$# $#?$#m#!%4,o$ 48#+,+ %$*!4*+%o!4 *!" o%$ #7#!%4.

I%"e!%"#$%l F#%%c#l Re/$!"#%. S"%*!*4 (IFRS)

• V*$*%o! ! % 8o3+#4 o, +*8%*3 m*$#%4 o, #*+& +o!%$

• V*$*%o!4 ! % 3#'*3 44%#m4 o, #*+& +o!%$

• V*$*%o! ! 'o7#$!m#!% 8o3+#4 @ 44%#m4

• V*$*%o! ! % %8# *!" 4+*3# o, #+o!om+ *+%7% ,$om *'$+3%$*3 %o ,!*!+*34#$7+#4 *!" ,$om "#7#3o8!' #+o!om#4 %o !"4%$*34#" #+o!om#4

• 3o6*34*%o! o, %$*"# @ +*8%*3 m*$#%4

• R*8" "#7#3o8m#!% o, I!,o$m*%o! T#+&!o3o' *!" %4 m8*+% o! o8#$*%o!4

• *4% @ 4m83,#" 8$o+#44 o, mo7!' ,!"4 6#%;##! +o!%$#4

• I!+$#*4#" !7#4%o$4 !%#$#4% ! ,o$#'! !7#4%m#!%4

HYPOTHESIS

Acc$%"#%. S"%*!*


8/45


9/45

9

De%#"#$% $& /!#'! D"+

D*%* 4#" ! $#4#*$+& o$'!*33 o6%*!#" %&$o'& % "$#+% #,,o$%4 o, % $#4#*$+$ %&$o'& 4$7#4 !%#$7#;4 *!" "$#+% o64#$7*%o!. P$m*$ "*%* 4

mo$# +o4%3 %o o6%*! %&*! 4#+o!"*$ "*%* ;&+& 4 o6%*!#" %&$o'& 8634" 4o$+#4 6% % 4 *34o mo$# +$$#!% *!" mo$# $#3#7*!% %o % $#4#*$+& 8$o9#+%.

Me%#%. O& P!#'! *"

P$m*$ "*%* 4 %&*% ;&+& 4 +o33#+%#" 6 4o+o3o'4%4 %m4#37#4 "$!' %$ o;!$#4#*$+& 4!' $#4#*$+& %oo34 4+& *4 #=8#$m#!%4 4$7# ?#4%o!!*$#4 !%#$7#;4 *!"o64#$7*%o!.

P$m*$ "*%* +*! %*# * ?*!%%*%7# o$ 4%*%4%+*3 ,o$m #.'. +&*$%4 '$*8&4 "*'$*m4 *!"%*63#4. I% 4 #44#!%*3 %o !%#$8$#% *!" #7*3*%# %&4 %8# o, "*%* ;%& +*$#. I! 8*$%+3*$3oo *% &o; % "*%* 4 o$'*!4#" ! %#$m4 o, 4+*3#. I4 % o$'*!4#" !%o 8#$+#!%*'#4&!"$#"4 %&o4*!"4 #%+.H I4 % * 4!*84&o% o, * 8*$%+3*$ #*$ o$ 4 % ,o+4!' o! %$#!"4*+$o44 * !m6#$ o, #*$4H

P$m*$ "*%* +*! *34o 6# ?*3%*%7# #.'. #=%$*+%4 ,$om % +o!7#$4*%o!4 o, %&o4# 6#!'4%"#". Som# $#4#*$+$4 8$#4#!% %$ *$'m#!%4 7$%*33 #!%$#3 ! % ;o$"4 o, %$469#+% m*%%#$. Co!4#?#!%3 % "*%* 48#*4 ,o$ %4#3, *!" $#*"#$4 *$# #!+o$*'#" %om*# %$ o;! 9"'#m#!%4.

http://www.investorwords.com/4201/research.htmlhttp://www.investorwords.com/9451/direct.htmlhttp://www.investorwords.com/10902/researcher.htmlhttp://www.investorwords.com/13922/survey.htmlhttp://www.investorwords.com/13922/survey.htmlhttp://www.investorwords.com/9319/costly.htmlhttp://www.investorwords.com/19207/secondary_data.htmlhttp://www.investorwords.com/4629/source.htmlhttp://www.investorwords.com/4629/source.htmlhttp://www.investorwords.com/3893/project.htmlhttp://www.investorwords.com/3893/project.htmlhttp://www.investorwords.com/9451/direct.htmlhttp://www.investorwords.com/10902/researcher.htmlhttp://www.investorwords.com/13922/survey.htmlhttp://www.investorwords.com/9319/costly.htmlhttp://www.investorwords.com/19207/secondary_data.htmlhttp://www.investorwords.com/4629/source.htmlhttp://www.investorwords.com/3893/project.htmlhttp://www.investorwords.com/4201/research.html


10/45

10

De%#"#$% O& Sec$%*! D"

D*%* %&*% &*4 8$#7o43 6##! +o33#+%#" ( 8$m*$ "*%*) %&*% 4 %3#" 6 * 8#$4o! o%$ %&*! % o!# ;&o +o33#+%#" % "*%*. S#+o!"*$ "*%* 4 o,%#! 4#" ! 4o+*3 *!" #+o!om+*!*344 #48#+*33 ;! *++#44 %o 8$m*$ "*%* 4 !*7*3*63#. o$ #=*m83# * 4$7# o,

* '$o8 o, #+o!om4%4 (8$m*$ "*%*) +*!!o% 6# $#8#*%#" 4o %4 $#43%4 *$# 4#" !464#?#!% $#4#*$+& 8$o9#+%4. O$ "*%* +o33#+%#" 6 % D#8*$%m#!% o, L*6o$ (8$m*$

"*%*) %&*% 4 4#" ! #+o!om+ *!*344.

Me%#%. O& Sec$%*! D"

S#+o!"*$ "*%* *$# % S#+o!" &*!" !,o$m*%o!4. T "*%* ;&+& &*7# *3$#*" 6##!+o33#+%#" *!" 8$o+#44#" 6 4om# *'#!+ o$ 8#$4o!4 *!" *$# !o% 4#" ,o$ % ,$4% %m# *$#%#$m#" *4 4#+o!"*$ "*%*. A++o$"!' %o M. M. B3*$ S#+o!"*$ "*%* *$# %&o4# *3$#*" !#=4%#!+# *!" ;&+& &*7# 6##! +o33#+%#" ,o$ 4om# o%$ 8$8o4#. S#+o!"*$ "*%* m* 6#*64%$*+%#" ,$om #=4%!' $#+o$"4 8634" 4o$+#4 o$ !8634" 4o$+#4.

A*3%".e4 $& Sec$%*! *"

I% 4 #+o!om+*3. I% 4*7#4 #,,o$%4 *!" #=8#!4#4.

I% 4 %m# 4*7!'.

I% ƀ %o m*# 8$m*$ "*%* +o33#+%o! mo$# 48#+,+ 4!+# ;%& % & o, 4#+o!"*$"*%* ;# *$# *63# %o m*# o% ;&*% *$# % '*84 *!" "#,+#!+#4 *!" ;&*% *""%o!*3!,o$m*%o! !##"4 %o 6# +o33#+%#".

I% ƀ %o m8$o7# % !"#$4%*!"!' o, % 8$o63#m.

I% 8$o7"#4 * 6*44 ,o$ +om8*$4o! ,o$ % "*%* %&*% 4 +o33#+%#" 6 % $#4#*$+$.

D#4*3%".e4 $& Sec$%*! D"

http://www.investorwords.com/19322/primary_data.htmlhttp://www.investorwords.com/14646/person.htmlhttp://www.investorwords.com/16379/economic_analysis.htmlhttp://www.investorwords.com/16379/economic_analysis.htmlhttp://www.investorwords.com/12681/access.htmlhttp://www.investorwords.com/12681/access.htmlhttp://www.investorwords.com/13922/survey.htmlhttp://www.investorwords.com/1651/economist.htmlhttp://www.investorwords.com/1651/economist.htmlhttp://www.investorwords.com/7202/result.htmlhttp://www.investorwords.com/7202/result.htmlhttp://www.investorwords.com/4201/research.htmlhttp://www.investorwords.com/3893/project.htmlhttp://www.investorwords.com/2705/labor.htmlhttp://www.investorwords.com/19322/primary_data.htmlhttp://www.investorwords.com/14646/person.htmlhttp://www.investorwords.com/16379/economic_analysis.htmlhttp://www.investorwords.com/16379/economic_analysis.htmlhttp://www.investorwords.com/12681/access.htmlhttp://www.investorwords.com/13922/survey.htmlhttp://www.investorwords.com/1651/economist.htmlhttp://www.investorwords.com/7202/result.htmlhttp://www.investorwords.com/4201/research.htmlhttp://www.investorwords.com/3893/project.htmlhttp://www.investorwords.com/2705/labor.html


11/45

11

S#+o!"*$ "*%* 4 4om#%&!' %&*% 4#3"om ,%4 ! % ,$*m#;o$ o, % m*$#%!' $#4#*$+&,*+%o$4. R#*4o!4 ,o$ %4 !o!-,%%!' *$#:-

U!% o, 4#+o!"*$ "*%* +o33#+%o!-S88o4# o ;*!% !,o$m*%o! o! "48o4*63# !+om# 6% % "*%* 4 *7*3*63# o! '$o44 !+om#. T !,o$m*%o! m* !o% 6# 4*m# *4 ;#$#?$#.

T#4 P!$ec" #4 "$"ll 14e* $% Sec$%*! *"+

RATIONAL OF STUDY

Acc$%"#%. S"%*!*

I *m 8$#8*$!' %&4 8$o9#+% o, +om8*$!' A++o!%!' S%*!"*$"4 *!" I!%#$!*%o!*3R#8o$%!' S%*!"*$"4 .T 6*4+ o69#+%7# o, A++o!%!' S%*!"*$"4 4 %o $#mo7# 7*$*%o!4! % %$#*%m#!% o, 4#7#$*3 *++o!%!' *48#+%4 *!" %o 6$!' *6o% 4%*!"*$"*%o! !

8$#4#!%*%o!. T !%#!% %o &*$mo!# % "7#$4# *++o!%!' 8o3+#4 ,o33o;#" ! % 8$#8*$*%o! *!" 8$#4#!%*%o! o, ,!*!+*3 4%*%#m#!%4 6 ",,#$#!% $#8o$%!' #!%#$8$4#4 4o*4 %o ,*+3%*%# !%$*-,$m *!" !%#$-,$m +om8*$4o!.

I%"e!%"#$%l F#%%c#l Re/$!"#%. S"%*!*4 (IFRS)

IRS *!" %$#,o$# +*! 6# 8$#4#!%#" %&$o'& *! #7#!% 4%" *$o!" !%#$#4%!'*++o!%!' #7#!%4. T 4#+o!" *!" %&$" "m#!4o!4 *++o!% ,o$ % m8*+% o, * +&*!'#1 ! *++o!%!' 7*3#4 o! % m*$#% 7*3# o, % ,$m. Bo%& % #7*3*%o! $#3#7*!+#*!" % 7*3# $#3#7*!+# o, *! *++o!%!' ,$*m#;o$ +*! 6# 4%"#" !"#$ % '#!#$*3*!*344 o, *44o+*%o!. # 8#$,o$m % %#4%4 o, 7*3# $#3#7*!+# ;%& o$ 4#3#+%#" 4*m83#


12/45

12

o, 5 IRS *"o8%#$4. I! o$"#$ %o *+&#7# +om8*$4o!4 o, % IRS ,$*m#;o$ ;%& %3o+*3 #!#$*33 A++#8%#" A++o!%!' P$!+83#4 (AAP) ;# 63" o$ +o!%$o3 '$o8 64#3#+%!' ,o$ #*+& o64#$7*%o! % +3o4#4% !o!-IRS *"o8%#$ %&*% m*"# 4m3*$ ,!*3$#43%4 *!!o!+#m#!%4 "$!' % 4*m# %m# 8#$o".

REVIE, OF LITERATURES

Acc$%"#%. S"%*!*

B#$$ *!" O%3# o64#$7#" 4!' * +*4# 4%" *!" !*$$*%7# K'$o!"4 %o$#%+*348#+3*%o! ! % #m8$+*3 o64#$7*%o! o, $#*3 ;o$3" 8!om#!*.>10 A4 *! #m8$+*3m#*!4 ,o$ #=83o$!' *! "#* +*4# 4%"#4 %$#,o$# & 33m!*%# * 469#+% *!" m*# %

8o4463# %o #7*3*%# *! &8o%4.10 T N#; #*3*!" *++o!%!' 8$o,#44o! 4 *4#,3 +*4# 4%" 6#+*4# % +o!%$ *!" !+# % 8$o,#44o! 4 4m*33 *!" %

8$o,#44o! &*4 o!# m*9o$ *44o+*%o! % I!4%%%# ;&+& m*#4 % #*4#$ %o #=*m!# %

;"#$ $o3# o, % *++o!%!' 8$o,#44o! ! 4%*!"*$" 4#%%!'.10 T *+%7%#4 o, %I!4%%%# % 4%#84 % %oo %o "#7#3o8 *++o!%!' 4%*!"*$"4 % ;o$!'4 o, %+omm%%##4 % +$#*%#" %o !"#$%*# % ;$%!' o, *++o!%!' 4%*!"*$"4 *!" % ,o$+#4!,3#!+!' %&o4# +omm%%##4 +3*$, % &4%o$ o, 4%*!"*$" 4#%%!' ! N#; #*3*!". A4*! &4%o$+*3 *++o!%!' &4%o$ %4 %&4 %4 "o#4 !o% *%%#m8% %o #=83*! % 469#+%m*%%#$ o, *++o!%!' 4%*!"*$"4 %m4#37#4 4+& *4 "#8$#+*%o! *!" $#4#$7#4.

R*%$ %&4 %4 ,o+4#4 o! % ;o$!'4 o, % *++o!%!' 8$o,#44o! *4 * 8$o,#44o!.110 T&4 %4 *m4 %o '$o!" L*$4o!>4 mo"#3 o, 8$o,#44o!*3 6#&*7o$ *4


13/45

13

% %o$#%+*3 ,$*m#;o$ ! % #7"#!+# o, % N#; #*3*!" I!4%%%#>4 $o3# *4 4%*!"*$"4#%%#$. T %4 %#4%4 % &8o%4 6 #=%$*8o3*%!' ,$om * 48#+,+ #=*m83# %o 7#$,'#!#$*3 o64#$7*%o!4 o! % !*%$# o, % *++o!%!' 8$o,#44o! *!" %4 $#*4o!4 ,o$ $#'3*%!' #=%#$!*3 ,!*!+*3 $#8o$%!'. S%"!' % *+%o!4 o, o!# *++o!%!'*44o+*%o! ! %&4 +*4# % N#; #*3*!" I!4%%%# "$!' % %;#!%#%& +#!%$ *!" %,$4% "#+*"# o, %&4 +#!%$ 8$o7"#4 K,$4%-&*!"> "*%* *!" %&4 7*3*63# T*!' *!&4%o$+*3 !*$$*%7# *88$o*+& ! %&4 4%" *33o;4 * %o$#%+*3 ,$*m!' %o 6# *883#" %o#m8$+*3 ;o$ &!' 83*+# % I!4%%%#>4 *+%o!4 ! % 6$o*"#$ ,$*m#;o$ o,

8$o,#44o!*3

I%"e!%"#$%l F#%%c#l Re/$!"#%. S"%*!*4 (IFRS)

D$. N*4##m A&m*" *!" P$o,#44o$ N*;*6 A3 &*! (2010) 3o6*3 +o!7#$'#!+#o, ,!*!+*3 $#8o$%!' %&4 *$%+3# "#,!# %&*% *33 m*9o$ #+o!om#4 &*7# #4%*634" %m#3!#4 %o +o!7#$'# ;%& o$ *"o8% IRS4 ! % !#*$ ,%$#. T !%#$!*%o!*3 +o!7#$'#!+##,,o$%4 o, % o$'*!4*%o! *$# *34o 488o$%#" 6 % $o8 o, 20 L#*"#$4 (20) ;&o *%%$ S#8%#m6#$ 200 m##%!' ! P%%46$'& US +*33#" o! !%#$!*%o!*3 *++o!%!'

6o"#4 %o $#"o63# %$ #,,o$%4 %o *+&#7# %&4 o69#+%7# ;%&! % +o!%#=% o, %$

!"#8#!"#!% 4%*!"*$"-4#%%!' 8$o+#44. I! 8*$%+3*$ % *4#" % IASB *!" % USASB %o +om83#%# %$ +o!7#$'#!+# 8$o9#+% 6 J!# 2011.

A"o8%!' * 4!'3# '3o6*3 *++o!%!' 3*!'*'# ;33 #!4$# $#3#7*!+# +om83#%#!#44!"#$4%*!"*63% $#3*63% %m#3!#44 !#%$*3% 7#$,*63% +o!44%#!++om8*$*63% *!" %$*!48*$#!+ o, ,!*!+*3 4%*%#m#!%4 *!" %# 6$!' *6o% * ?*3%*%7#+&*!'# ! % *++o!%!' !,o$m*%o! $#8o$%4 ;&+& ;33 4%$#!'%! % +o!,"#!+# *!"#m8o;#$ !7#4%o$4 *!" o%$ 4#$4 o, *++o!%!' !,o$m*%o! *$o!" % ;o$3". I% ;33


14/45

14

*34o & *+?$#$4 %o *44#44 % *+%*3 ;o$%& o, % %*$'#% +om8*!#4 ! +$o44 6o$"#$ "#*34*!" %$#6 ,$%$!' % #+o!om+ '$o;%& *!" 4#*$+& *!" & $#4#*$+$ ! "#%#$

64!#44 #=8*!4o! '3o6*33. o$ * "#+*"# % +om8*!#4 ! I!"* &*7# 6##! 4!' 6o%& US AAP4 *!" mo$# $#+#!%3 I!%#$!*%o!*3 !*!+*3 R#8o$%!' S%*!"*$"4 (IRS) %o$*4# ,!"4 ,$om US *!" E$o8#*! M*$#%4. T I!4%%%# o, C&*$%#$#" A++o!%*!%4 o, I!"* &*4 *!!o!+#" %&*% % ;33 *3'! #=4%!' *++o!%!' 4%*!"*$"4 ;%& IRS ;.#.,.A8$3 1 2011 %o 9o! % '$o8 o, 100 +o!%$#4 $#8o$%!' !"#$ IRS.

LIMITATIONS OF STUDY

Acc$%"#%. S"%*!*

A3%#!*%7# 4o3%o!4 %o +#$%*! *++o!%!' 8o3+#4 m* #*+& &*7# *$'m#!%4*%%*+" %o %m. So % +&o+# 6#%;##! ",,#$#!% *3%#$!*%7# *++o!%!' %$#*%m#!%4

6#+om#4 ",,+3%4.

#!#$*33 %$# 4 $'"% ! *883!' % A++o!%!' 4%*!"*$"4.

T 4%*!"*$"4 *$# $#?$#" %o 6# ,$*m#" ;%&! % Am6% o, 8$#7*3!' 4%*%%#4.A++o!%!' 4%*!"*$4 +*!!o% o7#$$"# % 4%*%%#.


15/45

15

T 4# o, ",,#$#!% *++o!%!' ,$*m#;o$4 (#.'. IRS US AAP) 6 #!%%#4o8#$*%!' ! ",,#$#!% '#o'$*8&+ *$#*4 *34o 8$#4#!%4 4m3*$ 8$o63#m4 ;! +om8*$!'%$ ,!*!+*3 4%*%#m#!%4. T 8$o63#m 4 6#!' o7#$+om# 6 % '$o;!' 4# o, IRS*!" % +o!7#$'#!+# 8$o+#44 6#%;##! 3#*"!' *++o!%!' 6o"#4 %o *$$7# *% * 4!'3# 4#%o, '3o6*3 4%*!"*$"4. A++o!%*!+ *444%4 4#$4 o, ,!*!+*3 4%*%#m#!%4 %o m*# 6#%%#$ ,!*!+*3 "#+4o!4. I% 4 m8o$%*!% &o;#7#$ %o $#*3# % 3m%*%o!4 o, *++o!%!' *!",!*!+*3 $#8o$%!' ;! ,o$m!' %&o4# "#+4o!4.

I%"e!%"#$%l F#%%c#l Re/$!"#%. S"%*!*4 (IFRS)

IRS *$# +o!+#8%*33 +o!"%o!*33 +o!4#$7*%7# 6% !*88$o8$*%# *883+*%o! o, +o!"%o!*3 +o!4#$7*%4m 8$!+83#4 m* &*7# 8$#7#!%#" ,!*!+*3 $#8o$%!' ,$om$#*+&!' % 3#7#3 o, +o!4#$7*%4m %*$'#%#" 6 % IASB. T ,o$m o, K8$"#!+#> %&*% %Bo*$" !%#!"#" %o #3m!*%# ,$om % +o!+#8%*3 ,$*m#;o$ (*!" ,!*!+*3 $#8o$%!') +*!

6# +3#*$3 $#3*%#" %o !+o!"%o!*3 +o!4#$7*%4m !o% %o +o!"%o!*3 +o!4#$7*%4m.A""%o!*33 ,*$ 7*3# ,o$ ,!*!+*3 *44#%4 "o#4 !o% 4'!,+*!%3 m8*+% m*! !"4%$#4o%$ %&*! % ,!*!+*3 4#+%o$ *!" , ,$m4 "#+"# %o ,o33o; % ,*$ 7*3# o8%o! 6o%&!$#*3#" '*!4 ('oo" !#;4) *!" !$#*3#" 3o44#4 (6*" !#;4) *$# $#+o'!#" ! #*$!!'4(o$ o%$ +om8$#!47# !+om#). *$ 7*3# +*!!o% 6# +o!4"#$#" 3#44 +o!"%o!*33+o!4#$7*%7# %&*! *mo$%#" +o4%. Co!7#$4#3 IRS "o !+3"# 7*$o4 m#+&*!4m4

#!4$!' % *883+*%o! o, +o!"%o!*3 +o!4#$7*%4m.

H#4"$! OF Acc$%"#%. S"%*!*4

&*%#7#$ 48$# o, % &m*! m!" o m* 4#3#+% ,o$ o$ 4%" ;%$ 6# %3*!'*'# o$ $#3'o! o$ m%&o3o' o$ 8&3o4o8& ;%$ 6# % 3*;4 o$ +4%om4

8$m%7# *$% o$ 8$m%7# 4+#!+# #7#$;$# o &*7# %o 'o %o I!"* ;%$ o 3# %o$ !o% 6#+*4# 4om# o, % mo4% 7*3*63# @ mo4% !4%$+%7# m*%#$*34 *$# %$#*4$#" 8! I!"* @ ! I!"* o!3.

S,,+#!% #7"#!+# #=4%4 %o +o!+3"# %&*% *$% *!" 8$*+%+# o, *++o!%!' #=4%#"#7#! ! V#"+ %m#4. T$# *$# $#,#$#!+#4 %o $** (4*3#) V*!9 (m#$+&*!%) 43* (8$+#)


16/45

16

! R'7#"*. *%3*>4 A$%&*4&*4%$* +o!%*!4 "#%*34 o! 64!#44 o, ##8!' 8 *++o!%4! % o,,+# o, *++o!%*!%4 .I% 8$o7"#4 "#%*34 o, m*%%#$4 ;&+& 4&o3" 6# $#+o$"#"$#'4%#$4 %o 6# m*!%*!#" 44%#m o, #=*m!*%o! o, *++o!%4 *!" #7#! "#%*34 o,

8!4&m#!%4 ,o$ "#,*3%.

D$!' %&4 #$* (;&+& 3*4%#" !%3 500 B.C.) Sm#$* ;*4 * %o+$*+ ;&o4#$3#$4 " mo4% 3*!" *!" *!m*34 ! %$4% ,o$ %$ 'o"4 '7!' m8#%4 %o %$ $#+o$"-##8!' #,,o$%4. Mo$#o7#$ % 3#'*3 +o"#4 %&*% #7o37#" 8#!*3#" % ,*3$# %om#mo$*3# %$*!4*+%o!4. T Co"# o, *mm$*6 ,o$ #=*m83# $#?$#" %&*% *! *'#!%4#33!' 'oo"4 ,o$ * m#$+&*!% '7# % m#$+&*!% * 8$+# ?o%*%o! !"#$ 4#*3 o$ ,*+#!7*3"*%o! o, * ?#4%o!#" *'$##m#!%.

• T 8*$%#4 ;33!' %o %$*!4*+% 4o'&% % 4+$6# *% % '*%#4 %o % +%.

•

T ;o3" "#4+$6# %$ *'$##m#!% %o % 4+$6# ;&o 4# * 4m*33 ?*!%% o, 48#+*33 8$#8*$#" +3* %o $#+o$" % %$*!4*+%o!.

• T mo4% +3* ;*4 mo3"#" !%o * 4# *!" 4&*8# *"#?*%# %o +o!%*! % %#$m4 o, %*'$##m#!%.

• U4!' * ;oo"#! 4%34 % 4+$6# $#+o$"#" % !*m#4 o, % +o!%$*+%!' 8*$%#4 %'oo"4 *!" mo!# #=+&*!'#" *!" *! o%$ 8$om4#4 m*"#.

• T 8*$%#4 %! 4'!#" %$ !*m#4 %o % %*63#% 6 m8$#44!' %$ $#48#+%7#

4#*34.

Me%#%. $& Acc$%"#%. S"%*!*4

I! %&4 $#48#+% m*! 8$8o4# o, 4%*!"*$"4 4 %o 8$o7"# !,o$m*%o! %o % 4#$4 *4 %o % 6*44 o! ;&+& % *++o!%4 &*7# 6##! 8$#8*$#".T o69#+%7# o, 4#%%!' 4%*!"*$"4 4 %o


17/45

17

6$!' *6o% !,o$m% ! ,!*!+*3 $#8o$%!' *!" %o #!4$# +o!44%#!+ ! % "*%* 8634" 6 #!%#$8$4#4. o$ *++o!%!' 4%*!"*$"4 %o 6# 4#,3 %oo3 %o #!&*!+# %+o$8o$*%# 'o7#$!*!+# *!" $#48o!463% %;o +$%#$* m4% 6# 4*%4,#" .#.

() A 4%*!"*$" m4% 8$o7"# * '#!#$*33 !"#$4%oo" *!" *++#8%#" m#*4$# o, % 8!om#!* o, +o!+#$!.

() A 4%*!"*$" 4&o3" 4'!,+*!%3 $#"+# % *mo!% o, m*!83*%o! o, % $#8o$%#"!m6#$4 *!" 4 3#3 %o o++$ ! % *64#!+# o, % 4%*!"*$"4.

S#.%#c%ce $& Acc$%"#%. S"%*!*4

A++o!%!' 4%*!"*$"4 ,*+3%#4 !,o$m 8$#8*$*%o! *!" $#8o$%!' o, '#!#$*3 8$8o4#,!*!+*3 4%*%#m#!%4 8634" *!!*33 ,o$ % 6#!#,% o, 4&*$#&o3"#$4 +$#"%o$4#m83o## *!" 863+ *% 3*$'#. T *$# 7#$ 4#,3 %o % !7#4%o$4 *!" o%$ #=%#$!*3'$o84 ! *44#44!' % 8$o'$#44 *!" 8$o48#+%4 o, *3%#$!*%7# !7#4%m#!%4 ! ",,#$#!%+om8*!#4 ! ",,#$#!% +o!%$#4.

Nee* &$! Acc$%"#%. S"%*!*4

A++o!%!' 4%*!"*$"4 +*! 6# 4##! *4 8$o7"!' *! m8o$%*!% m#+&*!4m %o & ! %$#4o3%o! o, 8o%#!%*3 ,!*!+*3 +o!,3+%4 o, !%#$#4% 6#%;##! % 7*$o4 m8o$%*!% '$o84! 4o+#%. I% 4 #44#!%*3 %&*% *++o!%!' 4%*!"*$"4 4&o3" +omm*!" % '$#*%#4% 8o4463#+$#"63% *mo!' 4&*$#&o3"#$4 +$#"%o$4 #m83o## *!" 863+ *% 3*$'#.


18/45

18

I%*#% Acc$%"#%. S"%*!*4

T *++o!%!' 4%*!"*$"4 6o*$" o, % I!4%%%# o, C&*$%#$#" A++o!%*!%4 o, I!"* &*444#" % ,o33o;!' A++o!%!' S%*!"*$"4:

AS 1 D4+3o4$# o, A++o!%!' 8o3+#4

AS 2 V*3*%o! o, I!7#!%o$#4

AS C*4& 3o; S%*%#m#!%

AS Co!%!'#!+#4 *!" E7#!%4 O++$$!' *,%#$ % B*3*!+# S#% D*%#

AS 5 N#% P$o,% o$ Lo44 ,o$ % 8#$o" P$o$ P#$o" I%#m4 *!" C&*!'#4 ! A++o!%!'Po3+#4

AS D#8$#+*%o! A++o!%!'

AS Co!4%$+%o! Co!%$*+%4 ($#74#" 2002)>

AS A++o!%!' ,o$ R#4#*$+& *!" D#7#3o8m#!% (AS- 4 !o 3o!'#$ ! ,o$+# 4!+# %;*4 m#$'#" ;%& AS-2)

AS R#7#!# R#+o'!%o!

AS 10 A++o!%!' ,o$ =#" A44#%4

AS 11 T E,,#+%4 o, C&*!'#4 ! o$#'! E=+&*!'# R*%#4 ($#74#" 200)

AS 12 A++o!%!' ,o$ o7#$!m#!% $*!%4

AS 1 A++o!%!' ,o$ I!7#4%m#!%4

AS 1 A++o!%!' ,o$ Am*3'*m*%o!4

AS 15 Em83o## B#!#,%4 ($#74#" 2005)

AS 1 Bo$$o;!' Co4%4

AS 1 S#'m#!% R#8o$%!'


19/45

19

AS 1 R#3*%#" P*$% D4+3o4$#4

AS 1 L#*4#4

AS 20 E*$!!'4 P#$ S&*$#

(AS) 1

Disclosure of Accounting Policies

T&4 4%*%#m#!% "#*34 ;%& % "4+3o4$# o,4'!,+*!% *++o!%!' 8o3+#4 ,o33o;#" !

8$#8*$!' *!" 8$#4#!%!' ,!*!+*3 4%*%#m#!%4. 2. T 7#; 8$#4#!%#" ! % ,!*!+*34%*%#m#!%4 o, *! #!%#$8$4# o, %4 4%*%# o, *,,*$4 *!" o, % 8$o,% o$ 3o44 +*! 6#4'!,+*!%3 *,,#+%#" 6 % *++o!%!' 8o3+#4,o33o;#" ! % 8$#8*$*%o! *!"

8$#4#!%*%o! o, % ,!*!+*3 4%*%#m#!%4. T *++o!%!' 8o3+#4 ,o33o;#" 7*$ ,$om#!%#$8$4# %o #!%#$8$4#. D4+3o4$# o,4'!,+*!% *++o!%!' 8o3+#4,o33o;#" 4 !#+#44*$, % 7#; 8$#4#!%#" 4 %o 6# 8$o8#$3 *88$#+*%#".

(AS) 2

Valuation of Inventories

T&4 A++o!%!' S%*!"*$" !+3"#4 8*$*'$*8&4 4#% ! 6o3" %*3+ %8# *!" 83*! %8#;&+& &*7# #?*3 *%&o$%. P*$*'$*8&4 ! 6o3" %*3+ %8# !"+*%# % m*! 8$!+83#4.T&4 A++o!%!' S%*!"*$" 4&o3" 6# $#*" ! % +o!%#=% o, %4 o69#+%7# *!" % P$#,*+# %o% S%*%#m#!%4 o, A++o!%!' S%*!"*$"4 1 .) T ,o33o;!' 4 % %#=% o, % $#74#"A++o!%!' S%*!"*$" (AS) 2 KV*3*%o! o, I!7#!%o$#4> 44#" 6 % Co!+3 o, %I!4%%%# o, C&*$%#$#" A++o!%*!%4 o, I!"*. T&4$#74#" S%*!"*$" 48#$4#"#4 A++o!%!'S%*!"*$" (AS) 2 KV*3*%o! o, I!7#!%o$#4> 44#" ! J!# 11. T $#74#" 4%*!"*$"+om#4 !%o #,,#+% ! $#48#+% o, *++o!%!' 8#$o"4 +omm#!+!' o! o$ *,%#$ 1..1 *!"

4 m*!"*%o$ ! !*%$#.

C$4" $& I%3e%"$!#e4

T +o4% o, !7#!%o$#4 4&o3" +om8$4# *33 +o4%4 o, 8$+&*4# +o4%4 o, +o!7#$4o! *!"o%$ +o4%4 !+$$#" ! 6$!'!' % !7#!%o$#4 %o %$ 8$#4#!% 3o+*%o! *!" +o!"%o!.

C$4"4 $& P!c4e


20/45

20

T +o4%4 o, 8$+&*4# +o!44% o, % 8$+&*4# 8$+# !+3"!' "%#4 *!" %*=#4 (o%$ %&*!%&o4# 464#?#!%3 $#+o7#$*63# 6 % #!%#$8$4# ,$om % %*=!' *%&o$%#4) ,$#'&%!;*$"4 *!" o%$ #=8#!"%$# "$#+%3 *%%$6%*63# %o % *+?4%o!. T$*"# "4+o!%4$#6*%#4 "% "$*;6*+4 *!" o%$ 4m3*$ %#m4 *$# "#"+%#" ! "#%#$m!!' % +o4%4 o,

8$+&*4#

C$4"4 $& C$%3e!4#$%

T +o4%4 o, +o!7#$4o! o, !7#!%o$#4 !+3"# +o4%4 "$#+%3 $#3*%#" %o % !%4 o, 8$o"+%o! 4+& *4 "$#+% 3*6o$. T *34o !+3"# * 44%#m*%+ *33o+*%o! o, ,=#" *!"7*$*63# 8$o"+%o! o7#$*"4 %&*% *$# !+$$#" ! +o!7#$%!' m*%#$*34 !%o ,!4"'oo"4.

(AS) 3

Cash Flow Stateents

A++o!%!' S%*!"*$" (AS) KC*4& 3o; S%*%#m#!%4> ($#74#" 1) 44#" 6 %Co!+3 o, % I!4%%%# o, C&*$%#$#" A++o!%*!%4 o, I!"* +om#4 !%o #,,#+% ! $#48#+% o, *++o!%!' 8#$o"4 +omm#!+!' o! o$ *,%#$ 1--1. I!,o$m*%o! *6o% % +*4& ,3o;4o, *! #!%#$8$4# 4 4#,3 ! 8$o7"!' 4#$4 o, ,!*!+*3 4%*%#m#!%4 ;%& * 6*44 %o *44#44% *63% o, % #!%#$8$4# %o '#!#$*%# +*4& *!" +*4& #?7*3#!%4 *!" % !##"4 o, %#!%#$8$4# %o %34# %&o4# +*4& ,3o;4. T #+o!om+ "#+4o!4 %&*% *$# %*#! 6 4#$4$#?$# *! #7*3*%o! o, % *63% o, *! #!%#$8$4# %o '#!#$*%# +*4& *!" +*4& #?7*3#!%4

*!" % %m!' *!" +#$%*!% o, %$ '#!#$*%o!. T S%*%#m#!% "#*34 ;%& % 8$o74o!o, !,o$m*%o! *6o% % &4%o$+*3 +&*!'#4 ! +*4& *!" +*4& #?7*3#!%4 o, *! #!%#$8$4#

6 m#*!4 o, * +*4& ,3o; 4%*%#m#!% ;&+& +3*44,#4 +*4& ,3o;4 "$!' % 8#$o" ,$omo8#$*%!' !7#4%!' *!" ,!*!+!' *+%7%#4.

A! #!%#$8$4# 8$#4#!%4 %4 +*4& ,3o;4 ,$om o8#$*%!' !7#4%!' *!" ,!*!+!' *+%7%#4 !* m*!!#$ ;&+& 4 mo4% *88$o8$*%# %o %4 64!#44.

(AS) !

Contingencies an" #vents $ccurring After the %alanceSheet Date

A +o!%!'#!+ 4 * +o!"%o! o$ 4%*%o! % 3%m*%# o%+om# o, ;&+& '*! o$ 3o44;33 6# !o;! o$ "#%#$m!#" o!3 o! % o++$$#!+# o$ !o!-o++$$#!+# o, o!# o$ mo$#!+#$%*! ,%$# #7#!%4.


21/45

21

E7#!%4 o++$$!' *,%#$ % 6*3*!+# 4#% "*%# *$# %&o4# 4'!,+*!% #7#!%4 6o%& ,*7o$*63#*!" !,*7o$*63# %&*% o++$ 6#%;##! % 6*3*!+# 4#% "*%# *!" % "*%# o! ;&+& %,!*!+*3 4%*%#m#!%4 *$# *88$o7#" 6 % Bo*$" o, D$#+%o$4 ! % +*4# o, * +om8*!*!" 6 % +o$$#48o!"!' *88$o7!' *%&o$% ! % +*4# o, *! o%$ #!%%

Contingencies

T *mo!% o, * +o!%!'#!% 3o44 4&o3" 6# 8$o7"#" ,o$ 6 * +&*$'# ! % 4%*%#m#!% o, 8$o,% *!" 3o44 ,:

% 4 8$o6*63# %&*% ,%$# #7#!%4 ;33 +o!,$m %&*% *,%#$ %*!' !%o *++o!% *! $#3*%#" 8$o6*63# $#+o7#$ *! *44#% &*4 6##! m8*$#" o$ * 3*63% &*4 6##! !+$$#" *4 *% % 6*3*!+# 4#% "*%# *!"

(6) * $#*4o!*63# #4%m*%# o, % *mo!% o, % $#43%!' 3o44 +*! 6# m*"#.

(AS) &

'et Prot or oss for the Perio"* Prior Perio" Ites an"

Changes in Accounting Policies

'et Prot or oss for the Perio"

A33 %#m4 o, !+om# *!" #=8#!4# ;&+& *$# $#+o'!4#" ! * 8#$o" 4&o3" 6# !+3"#" !% "#%#$m!*%o! o, !#% 8$o,% o$ 3o44 ,o$ % 8#$o" !3#44 *! A++o!%!' S%*!"*$"$#?$#4 o$ 8#$m%4 o%$;4#. No$m*33 *33 %#m4 o, !+om# *!" #=8#!4# ;&+& *$#$#+o'!4#" ! * 8#$o" *$# !+3"#" ! % "#%#$m!*%o! o, % !#% 8$o,% o$ 3o44 ,o$ %

8#$o".

T&4 !+3"#4 #=%$*o$"!*$ %#m4 *!" % #,,#+%4 o, +&*!'#4 ! *++o!%!' #4%m*%#4. T

!#% 8$o,% o$ 3o44 ,o$ % 8#$o" +om8$4#4 % ,o33o;!' +om8o!#!%4 #*+& o, ;&+&4&o3" 6# "4+3o4#" o! % ,*+# o, % 4%*%#m#!% o, 8$o,% *!" 3o44:

(*) 8$o,% o$ 3o44 ,$om o$"!*$ *+%7%#4G *!"

(6) #=%$*o$"!*$ %#m4.

(AS) +


22/45

22

De,reciation Accounting

T "#8$#+*%o! m#%&o"4 4#" % %o%*3 "#8$#+*%o! ,o$% 8#$o" ,o$ #*+& +3*44 o, *44#%4 % '$o44 *mo!% o, #*+& +3*44 o, "#8$#+*63# *44#%4 *!" % $#3*%#" *++m3*%#"

"#8$#+*%o! *$# "4+3o4#" ! % ,!*!+*34%*%#m#!%4 *3o!';%& % "4+3o4$# o, o%$ *++o!%!' 8o3+#4. T "#8$#+*%o! $*%#4 o$ % 4#,3 37#4 o, % *44#%4 *$# "4+3o4#"o!3 , % *$# ",,#$#!% ,$om % 8$!+8*3 $*%#4 48#+,#" ! % 4%*%%# 'o7#$!!' %#!%#$8$4#. I! +*4# % "#8$#+*63# *44#%4 *$# $#7*3#" % 8$o74o! ,o$ "#8$#+*%o! 4

6*4#" o! % $#7*3#" *mo!% o! % #4%m*%# o,% $#m*!!' 4#,3 3,# o, 4+& *44#%4.I! +*4# % $#7*3*%o! &*4 * m*%#$*3 #,,#+% o! % *mo!% o, "#8$#+*%o! % 4*m# 4"4+3o4#" 4#8*$*%#3 ! % #*$ ! ;&+& $#7*3*%o! 4 +*$$#" o%. A +&*!'# ! %m#%&o" o, "#8$#+*%o! 4 %$#*%#" *4 * +&*!'# ! *! *++o!%!' 8o3+ *!" 4 "4+3o4#"*++o$"!'3

(AS) -

Construction Contracts

R#7#!# ,$om ,=#" 8$+# +o!4%$+%o! +o!%$*+%4 4 $#+o'!4#" o! % 8#$+#!%*'# o, +om83#%o! m#%&o" m#*4$#" 6 $#,#$#!+# %o % 8#$+#!%*'# o, 3*6o$ &o$4 !+$$#"8%o % $#8o$%!' "*%# %o #4%m*%#" %o%*3 3*6o$ &o$4 ,o$ #*+& +o!%$*+%. R#7#!# ,$om+o4% 834 +o!%$*+%4 4 $#+o'!4#" 6 $#,#$#!+# %o % $#+o7#$*63# +o4%4 !+$$#" "$!' %

8#$o" 834 % ,## #*$!#" m#*4$#" 6 % 8$o8o$%o! %&*% +o4%4 !+$$#" 8%o %$#8o$%!' "*%# 6#*$ %o % #4%m*%#" %o%*3 +o4%4 o, % +o!%$*+%. Co!%$*+% +o4%4 $#+o7#$ o,

;&+& 4 !o% 8$o6*63# *$# $#+o'!4#" *4 *! #=8#!4# mm#"*%#3. E=*m83#4 o, +$+m4%*!+#4! ;&+& % $#+o7#$*63% o, +o!%$*+% +o4%4 !+$$#" m* !o% 6# 8$o6*63#*!" ! ;&+& +o!%$*+% +o4%4 m* %$#,o$# !##" %o 6# $#+o'!4#" *4 *! #=8#!4#mm#"*%#3 !+3"# +o!%$*+%

(AS)

Accounting for /esearch an" Develo,ent

A++o!%!' S%*!"*$" (AS) A++o!%!' ,o$ R#4#*$+& *!" D#7#3o8m#!% 4 ;%&"$*;!,$om % "*%# o, AS 2 I!%*!'63# A44#%4 6#+om!' m*!"*%o$ ,o$ $#48#+%7##!%#$8$4#4. AS 2 4 8634" #34#;$# ! %&4 Com8#!"m.

(AS) 0

/evenue /ecognition


23/45

23

R#7#!# 4 % '$o44 !,3o; o, +*4& $#+#7*63#4 o$ o%$ +o!4"#$*%o! *$4!' ! %+o$4# o, % o$"!*$ *+%7%#4 o, *! #!%#$8$4# ,$om % 4*3# o, 'oo"4 ,$om %$#!"#$!' o, 4#$7+#4 *!" ,$om % 4# 6 o%$4 o, #!%#$8$4# $#4o$+#4 #3"!' !%#$#4%$o*3%#4 *!" "7"#!"4. R#7#!# 4 m#*4$#" 6 % +&*$'#4 m*"# %o +4%om#$4 o$ +3#!%4,o$ 'oo"4 4883#" *!" 4#$7+#4 $#!"#$#" %o %m *!" 6 % +&*$'#4 *!" $#;*$"4 *$4!',$om % 4# o, $#4o$+#4 6 %m. I! *! *'#!+ $#3*%o!4&8 % $#7#!# 4 % *mo!%o, +omm44o! *!" !o% % '$o44 !,3o; o, +*4& $#+#7*63#4 o$ o%$ +o!4"#$*%o!.

Com83#%#" 4#$7+# +o!%$*+% m#%&o" 4 * m#%&o" o, *++o!%!' ;&+& $#+o'!4#4$#7#!#! % 4%*%#m#!% o, 8$o,% *!" 3o44 o!3 ;! % $#!"#$!' o, 4#$7+#4 !"#$ * +o!%$*+% 4+om83#%#" o$ 464%*!%*33 +om83#%#". P$o8o$%o!*%# +om83#%o! m#%&o" 4 * m#%&o" o, *++o!%!' ;&+& $#+o'!4#4 $#7#!# ! % 4%*%#m#!% o, 8$o,% *!" 3o44 8$o8o$%o!*%#3;%& % "#'$## o, +om83#%o! o, 4#$7+#4 !"#$ * +o!%$*+%

(AS) 1

Accounting for Fie" Assets

=#" *44#%4 o,%#! +om8$4# * 4'!,+*!% 8o$%o! o, % %o%*3 *44#%4 o, *! #!%#$8$4# *!"%$#,o$# *$# m8o$%*!%! % 8$#4#!%*%o! o,,!*!+*3 8o4%o!. $%$mo$# %"#%#$m!*%o! o, ;%$ *! #=8#!"%$# $#8$#4#!%4 *! *44#% o$ *! #=8#!4# +*! &*7# *m*%#$*3 #,,#+% o! *! #!%#$8$4#>4 $#8o$%#" $#43%4 o, o8#$*%o!4.

S%*!"-6 #?8m#!% *!" 4#$7+!' #?8m#!% *$# !o$m*33 +*8%*34#". M*+&!#$ 48*$#4

*$# 4*33 +&*$'#" %o % 8$o,% *!" 3o44 4%*%#m#!% *4 *!" ;! +o!4m#".

(AS) 11

he #4ects of Changesin Foreign #change /ates

,o$#'! +$$#!+ mo!#%*$ %#m4 4&o3" 6# $#8o$%#" 4!' % +3o4!' $*%#. o;#7#$ !+#$%*! +$+m4%*!+#4 % +3o4!' $*%# m* !o% $#,3#+% ;%& $#*4o!*63# *++$*+ %*mo!% ! $#8o$%!' +$$#!+ %&*% 4 3#3 %o 6# $#*34#" ,$om o$ $#?$#" %o "46$4# *,o$#'! +$$#!+ mo!#%*$ %#m *% % 6*3*!+# 4#% "*%# #.'. ;$# %$# *$# $#4%$+%o!4

o! $#m%%*!+#4 o$ ;$# % +3o4!' $*%# 4 !$#*34%+ *!" % 4 !o% 8o4463# %o #,,#+% *!#=+&*!'# o, +$$#!+#4 *% %&*% $*%# *% % 6*3*!+# 4#% "*%#. I! 4+& +$+m4%*!+#4 %$#3#7*!% mo!#%*$ %#m 4&o3" 6# $#8o$%#" ! % $#8o$%!' +$$#!+ *% % *mo!% ;&+&4 3#3 %o 6# $#*34#" ,$om o$ $#?$#" %o "46$4# 4+& %#m *% % 6*3*!+# 4#% "*%#

!o!-mo!#%*$ %#m4 ;&+& *$# +*$$#" *% ,*$ 7*3# o$ o%$ 4m3*$ 7*3*%o!"#!om!*%#" ! * ,o$#'! +$$#!+ 4&o3" 6# $#8o$%#" 4!' % #=+&*!'# $*%#4 %&*%#=4%#" ;! % 7*3#4 ;#$# "#%#$m!#".


24/45

24

(AS) 12

Accounting for 5overnent 5rants

o7#$!m#!% $#,#$4 %o 'o7#$!m#!% 'o7#$!m#!% *'#!+#4 *!" 4m3*$ 6o"#4 ;%$ 3o+*3 !*%o!*3 o$ !%#$!*%o!*3. o7#$!m#!% '$*!%4 *$# *444%*!+# 6 'o7#$!m#!% ! +*4&o$ !" %o *! #!%#$8$4# ,o$ 8*4% o$ ,%$# +om83*!+# ;%& +#$%*! +o!"%o!4. T#=+3"# %&o4# ,o$m4 o, 'o7#$!m#!% *444%*!+#;&+& +*!!o%$#*4o!*63 &*7# * 7*3#

83*+#" 8o! %m *!" %$*!4*+%o!4 ;%& 'o7#$!m#!% ;&+& +*!!o% 6# "4%!'4" ,$om% !o$m*3 %$*"!' %$*!4*+%o!4 o, % #!%#$8$4#

T $#+#8% o, 'o7#$!m#!% '$*!%4 6 *! #!%#$8$4# 4 4'!,+*!% ,o$ 8$#8*$*%o! o,%,!*!+*3 4%*%#m#!%4 ,o$ %;o $#*4o!4. $4%3 , * 'o7#$!m#!% '$*!% &*4 6##! $#+#7#" *!*88$o8$*%# m#%&o" o, *++o!%!' %$#,o$ 4 !#+#44*$. S#+o!"3 % 4 "#4$*63# %o '7# *!

!"+*%o! o, % #=%#!% %o ;&+& % #!%#$8$4# &*4 6#!#,%#" ,$om 4+& '$*!% "$!' %$#8o$%!' 8#$o".

(AS) 13

Accounting for Investents

T +*$$!' *mo!% ,o$ +$$#!% !7#4%m#!%4 4 % 3o;#$ o, +o4% *!" ,*$ 7*3#. I! $#48#+%

o, !7#4%m#!%4 ,o$ ;&+& *! *+%7# m*$#% #=4%4 m*$#% 7*3# '#!#$*33 8$o7"#4 % 6#4% #7"#!+# o, ,*$ 7*3#. T 7*3*%o! o, +$$#!% !7#4%m#!%4 *% 3o;#$ o, +o4% *!" ,*$ 7*3# 8$o7"#4 * 8$"#!% m#%&o" o, "#%#$m!!' % +*$$!' *mo!% %o 6# 4%*%#" ! %

6*3*!+# 4#%.

V*3*%o! o, +$$#!% !7#4%m#!%4 o! o7#$*33 (o$ '3o6*3) 6*44 4 !o% +o!4"#$#"*88$o8$*%#. Som#%m#4 % +o!+#$! o, *! #!%#$8$4# m* 6# ;%& % 7*3# o, * +*%#'o$o, $#3*%#" +$$#!% !7#4%m#!%4 *!" !o% ;%& #*+& !"7"*3 !7#4%m#!% *!" *++o$"!'3% !7#4%m#!%4 m* 6# +*$$#" *% % 3o;#$ o, +o4% *!" ,*$ 7*3# +om8%#" +*%#'o$;4#(.#. #?% 4&*$#4 8$#,#$#!+# 4&*$#4 +o!7#$%63# "#6#!%$#4 #%+.). o;#7#$ % mo$#

8$"#!% *!" *88$o8$*%# m#%&o" 4 %o +*$$ !7#4%m#!%4 !"7"*33 *% % 3o;#$ o, +o4%*!" ,*$ 7*3#.

(AS) 1!

Accounting for Aalgaations

Am*3'*m*%o! m#*!4 *! *m*3'*m*%o! 8$4*!% %o % 8$o74o!4 o, % Com8*!#4 A+%15 o$ *! o%$4%*%%# ;&+& m* 6# *883+*63# %o +om8*!#4.


25/45

25

(6) T$*!4,#$o$ +om8*! m#*!4 % +om8*! ;&+& 4 *m*3'*m*%#" !%o *!o%$ +om8*!.

(+) T$*!4,#$## +om8*! m#*!4 % +om8*! !%o ;&+& * %$*!4,#$o$ +om8*! 4*m*3'*m*%#".

(") R#4#$7# m#*!4 % 8o$%o! o, #*$!!'4 $#+#8%4 o$ o%$ 4$834 o, *! #!%#$8$4#(;%$ +*8%*3 o$ $#7#!#) *88$o8$*%#" 6 % m*!*'#m#!% ,o$ * '#!#$*3 o$ * 48#+,+

8$8o4# o%$ %&*! * 8$o74o! ,o$ "#8$#+*%o! o$ "m!%o! ! % 7*3# o, *44#%4 o$ ,o$ * !o;! 3*63%

S&*$#&o3"#$4 &o3"!' !o% 3#44 %&*! 0Q o, % ,*+# 7*3# o, % #?% 4&*$#4 o, %%$*!4,#$o$ +om8*! (o%$ %&*! % #?% 4&*$#4 *3$#*" " %$#! mm#"*%#3 6#,o$#% *m*3'*m*%o! 6 % %$*!4,#$## +om8*! o$ %4464"*$#4 o$ %$ !om!##4)

6#+om# #?% 4&*$#&o3"#$4 o, % %$*!4,#$## +om8*! 6 7$%# o, % *m*3'*m*%o!.

(AS) 1&

#,lo6ee %enets

(*) &o$%-%#$m #m83o## 6#!#,%4 4+& *4 ;*'#4 4*3*$#4 *!" 4o+*3 4#+$% +o!%$6%o!4(#.'. +o!%$6%o! %o *! !4$*!+# +om8*! 6 *! #m83o#$ %o 8* ,o$ m#"+*3 +*$# o, %4

#m83o##4) 8*" *!!*3 3#*7# 8$o,%-4&*$!' *!" 6o!4#4 (, 8**63# ;%&! %;#37#mo!%&4 o, % #!" o,% 8#$o") *!" !o!-mo!#%*$ 6#!#,%4(4+& *4m#"+*3 +*$# &o4!'+*$4 *!" ,$## o$ 464"4#" 'oo"4 o$ 4#$7+#4) ,o$ +$$#!% #m83o##4G

(6) 8o4%-#m83om#!% 6#!#,%44+& *4 '$*%% 8#!4o! o%$$#%$#m#!% 6#!#,%4 8o4%-#m83om#!% 3,# !4$*!+# *!" 8o4%-#m83om#!% m#"+*3 +*$#G

(+) o%$ 3o!'-%#$m #m83o## 6#!#,%4 !+3"!' 3o!'-4#$7+# 3#*7# o$ 4*66*%+*3 3#*7# 963## o$ o%$ 3o!'-4#$7+# 6#!#,%4 3o!'-%#$m "4*63% 6#!#,%4 *!" , % *$# !o% 8**63# ;&o33 ;%&! %;#37# mo!%&4 *,%#$ % #!" o, % 8#$o" 8$o,%-4&*$!' 6o!4#4

*!" "#,#$$#" +om8#!4*%o!G *!"

(") %#$m!*%o! 6#!#,%4

(AS) 1+

%orrowing Costs


26/45

26

Bo$$o;!' +o4%4 %&*% *$# "$#+%3 *%%$6%*63# %o % *+?4%o! +o!4%$+%o! o$ 8$o"+%o! o, * ?*3,!' *44#% 4&o3" 6# +*8%*34#" *4 8*$% o, % +o4% o, %&*% *44#%. T*mo!% o, 6o$$o;!' +o4%4 #3'63# ,o$ +*8%*34*%o! 4&o3" 6# "#%#$m!#" ! *++o$"*!+#;%& %&4 S%*%#m#!%. O%$ 6o$$o;!' +o4%4 4&o3" 6# $#+o'!4#" *4 *! #=8#!4# ! %

8#$o" ! ;&+& % *$# !+$$#".

Bo$$o;!' +o4%4 *$# +*8%*34#" *4 8*$% o, % +o4% o, * ?*3,!' *44#% ;! % 4 8$o6*63# %&*% % ;33 $#43% ! ,%$# #+o!om+ 6#!#,%4 %o % #!%#$8$4# *!" % +o4%4+*! 6# m#*4$#" $#3*63. O%$ 6o$$o;!' +o4%4 *$# $#+o'!4#" *4 *! #=8#!4# ! %

8#$o" ! ;&+& % *$# !+$$#".

(AS) 1-

Segent /e,orting

I, * 4!'3# ,!*!+*3 $#8o$% +o!%*!4 6o%& +o!4o3"*%#" ,!*!+*3 4%*%#m#!%4 *!" %4#8*$*%# ,!*!+*3 4%*%#m#!%4 o, % 8*$#!% 4#'m#!% !,o$m*%o! !##" 6# 8$#4#!%#" o!3o! % 6*44 o, % +o!4o3"*%#" ,!*!+*3 4%*%#m#!%4. I! % +o!%#=% o, $#8o$%!' o, 4#'m#!% !,o$m*%o! ! +o!4o3"*%#" ,!*!+*3 4%*%#m#!%4 % $#,#$#!+#4 ! %&4 S%*%#m#!%%o *! ,!*!+*3 4%*%#m#!% %#m4 4&o3" +o!4%$#" %o 6# % $#3#7*!% %#m *4 *88#*$!' !% +o!4o3"*%#" ,!*!+*3 4%*%#m#!%4.

(AS) 1

/elate" Part6 Disclosures

T&4 S%*%#m#!% 4&o3" 6# *883#" ! $#8o$%!' $#3*%#" 8*$% $#3*%o!4&84 *!" %$*!4*+%o!4 6#%;##! * $#8o$%!' #!%#$8$4# *!" %4 $#3*%#" 8*$%#4. T $#?$#m#!%4 o, %&4 S%*%#m#!%*883 %o % ,!*!+*3 4%*%#m#!%4 o, #*+& $#8o$%!' #!%#$8$4# *4 *34o %o +o!4o3"*%#",!*!+*3 4%*%#m#!%4 8$#4#!%#" 6 * &o3"!' +om8*!

#!%#$8$4#4 %&*% "$#+%3 o$ !"$#+%3 %&$o'& o!# o$ mo$# !%#$m#"*$#4 +o!%$o3 o$

*$# +o!%$o33#" 6 o$ *$# !"#$ +ommo! +o!%$o3 ;%& % $#8o$%!' #!%#$8$4# (%&4!+3"#4 &o3"!' +om8*!#4 464"*$#4 *!" ,#33o; 464"*$#4)G (6) *44o+*%#4 *!" 9o!%7#!%$#4 o, % $#8o$%!' #!%#$8$4# *!" % !7#4%!' 8*$% o$ 7#!%$#$ ! $#48#+% o, ;&+&% $#8o$%!' #!%#$8$4# 4 *! *44o+*%# o$ * 9o!% 7#!%$#

(AS) 10


27/45

27

eases

3#*4# *'$##m#!%4 %o #=83o$# ,o$ o$ 4# !*%$*3 $#4o$+#4 4+& *4 o3 '*4 %m6#$ m#%*34*!" o%$ m!#$*3 $'&%4G *!"

(6) 3+#!4!' *'$##m#!%4 ,o$ %#m4 4+& *4 mo%o! 8+%$# ,3m4 7"#o $#+o$"!'4 83*4m*!4+$8%4 8*%#!%4 *!" +o8$'&%4G *!"

(+) 3#*4# *'$##m#!%4 %o 4# 3*!"4.

2. T&4 S%*%#m#!% *883#4 %o *'$##m#!%4 %&*% %$*!4,#$ % $'&% %o 4# *44#%4 #7#! %&o'&464%*!%*3 4#$7+#4 6 % 3#44o$ m* 6# +*33#" ,o$ ! +o!!#+%o! ;%& % o8#$*%o! o$ m*!%#!*!+# o, 4+& *44#%4. O! % o%$ &*!" %&4 S%*%#m#!% "o#4 !o% *883 %o*'$##m#!%4 %&*% *$# +o!%$*+%4 ,o$ 4#$7+#4 %&*% "o !o% %$*!4,#$ % $'&% %o 4# *44#%4 ,$om

o!# +o!%$*+%!' 8*$% %o % o%$.

(AS) 2

#arnings Per Share

B*4+ #*$!!'4 8#$ 4&*$# 4&o3" 6# +*3+3*%#" 6 "7"!' % !#% 8$o,% o$ 3o44 ,o$ % 8#$o" *%%$6%*63# %o #?% 4&*$#&o3"#$4 6 % ;#'&%#" *7#$*'# !m6#$ o, #?%

4&*$#4 o%4%*!"!' "$!' % 8#$o".

o$ % 8$8o4# o, +*3+3*%!' 6*4+ #*$!!'4 8#$ 4&*$# % !#% 8$o,% o$ 3o44 ,o$ % 8#$o" *%%$6%*63# %o #?% 4&*$#&o3"#$4 4&o3" 6# % !#% 8$o,% o$ 3o44 ,o$ % 8#$o"*,%#$ "#"+%!' 8$#,#$#!+# "7"#!"4 *!" *! *%%$6%*63# %*= %$#%o ,o$ % 8#$o".

A33 %#m4 o, !+om# *!" #=8#!4# ;&+& *$# $#+o'!4#" ! * 8#$o" !+3"!' %*=#=8#!4# *!" #=%$*o$"!*$ %#m4 *$# !+3"#" ! % "#%#$m!*%o! o, % !#% 8$o,% o$ 3o44 ,o$ % 8#$o" !3#44 *! A++o!%!' S%*!"*$" $#?$#4 o$ 8#$m%4 o%$;4# (4##A++o!%!' S%*!"*$" (AS) 5 N#% P$o,% o$ Lo44 ,o$ % P#$o" P$o$ P#$o" I%#m4 *!"

C&*!'#4 ! A++o!%!' Po3+#4). T *mo!% o, 8$#,#$#!+# "7"#!"4 *!" *!*%%$6%*63# %*= %$#%o ,o$ % 8#$o" 4 "#"+%#" ,$om % !#% 8$o,% ,o$ %

Sc$/e


28/45

28

A! #!%% 4&*33 *883 %&4 S%*!"*$" ! 8$#8*$!' *!" 8$#4#!%!' '#!#$*3 8$8o4#,!*!+*3 4%*%#m#!%4 ! *++o$"*!+# ;%& I!"*! A++o!%!' S%*!"*$"4 (I!" AS4).

O%$ I!" AS4 4#% o% % $#+o'!%o! m#*4$#m#!% *!" "4+3o4$# $#?$#m#!%4,o$ 48#+,+ %$*!4*+%o!4 *!" o%$ #7#!%4.

T&4 S%*!"*$" "o#4 !o% *883 %o % 4%$+%$# *!" +o!%#!% o, +o!"#!4#" !%#$m,!*!+*3 4%*%#m#!%4 8$#8*$#" ! *++o$"*!+# ;%& I!" AS I!%#$m !*!+*3 R#8o$%!'.o;#7#$ 8*$*'$*8&4 155 *883 %o 4+& ,!*!+*3 4%*%#m#!%4. T&4 S%*!"*$" *883#4#?*33 %o *33 #!%%#4 !+3"!' %&o4# %&*% 8$#4#!% +o!4o3"*%#" ,!*!+*3 4%*%#m#!%4 *!"%&o4# %&*% 8$#4#!% 4#8*$*%# ,!*!+*3 4%*%#m#!%4 *4 "#,!#" ! I!" AS 2 Co!4o3"*%#" *!"S#8*$*%# !*!+*3 S%*%#m#!%4

T&4 S%*!"*$" 4#4 %#$m!o3o' %&*% 4 4%*63# ,o$ 8$o,%-o$#!%#" #!%%#4

!+3"!' 863+ 4#+%o$ 64!#44 #!%%#4. I, #!%%#4 ;%& !o%-,o$-8$o,% *+%7%#4 ! % 8$7*%# 4#+%o$ o$ % 863+ 4#+%o$ *883 %&4 S%*!"*$" % m* !##" %o *m#!" %"#4+$8%o!4 4#" ,o$ 8*$%+3*$ 3!# %#m4 ! % ,!*!+*3 4%*%#m#!%4 *!" ,o$ % ,!*!+*34%*%#m#!%4 %m4#37#4.

Sm3*$3 #!%%#4 ;&o4# 4&*$# +*8%*3 4 !o% #?% m* !##" %o *"*8% % ,!*!+*34%*%#m#!% 8$#4#!%*%o! o, m#m6#$4> !%#$#4%4.

A*3%".e4 OF Acc$%"#%. S"%*!*4

E4e $& U%*e!4"%*#%.

O!# *"7*!%*'# o, 4!' *++o!%!' 4%*!"*$"4 !7o37#4 % #*4# o, !"#$4%*!"!'% ,!*!+*3 4%*%#m#!%4. T *++o!%!' 4%*!"*$"4 8634" 6 % ASB $#8$#4#!% %$#?$#" 8$o+#44#4 ,o$ 64!#44#4 %o ,o33o;. !*!+*3 4%*%#m#!% 4#$4 #=8#+% +om8*!#4

%o ,o33o; % 8634" *++o!%!' 4%*!"*$"4 ;! +$#*%!' ,!*!+*3 4%*%#m#!%4. T#4#$4 $#3 o! % *44m8%o!4 4#% ,o$%& ! % *++o!%!' 4%*!"*$"4 ;! !%#$8$#%!' %$#43%4 $#8o$%#". T 4#$4 !%#$8$#% % ,!*!+*3 4%*%#m#!%4 o, ",,#$#!% +om8*!#4 4!'% 4*m# *44m8%o!4. O!+# % 4#$4 !"#$4%*!" %# *44m8%o!4 % 4# %&4!o;3#"'# ;! $#*"!' *! ,!*!+*3 4%*%#m#!%.


29/45

29

=$$@@ee/#%. G#*%ce

A!o%$ *"7*!%*'# o, 4!' *++o!%!' 4%*!"*$"4 +o!+#$!4 % '"*!+# 8$o7"#"%o *++o!%*!%4. ! ,!*!+*3 $#8o$%!' 44#4 *$4# % *++o!%*!% m* $#,#$ %o % 8634" *++o!%!' 4%*!"*$" %o "#%#$m!# &o; %o $#+o$" % #7#!%. T# 44#4 !+3"#!#; *++o!%!' %$*!4*+%o!4 *$4!' ,$om %#+&!o3o' 4+& *4 I!%#$!#% 4*3#4 o$ !#;*+%o!4 !+o$8o$*%#" 6 % +om8*! 4+& *4 +&*!'#4 ! 8#!4o! 83*!4. T ASB!+o$8o$*%#4 % !##"4 o, ,!*!+*3 4%*%#m#!% 4#$4 *4 ;#33 *4 +om8*! ,##"6*+ ;!+$#*%!' *++o!%!' 4%*!"*$"4. T&4 8$o+#44 *33o;4 % *++o!%*!% %o %$4% %&*% %'"*!+# 8$o7"#" %&$o'& % *++o!%!' 4%*!"*$" 8*44#" % $'o$o4 8$o+#44 o, #!4$!' %&*% % m##%4 #7#$o!#>4 !##"4.

I%&le#1le F!'e$!@

A "4*"7*!%*'# o, 4!' *++o!%!' 4%*!"*$"4 !7o37#4 * 4om#%m#4 !,3#=63#,$*m#;o$ % *++o!%*!% m4% +om83 ;%&. E*+& +om8*! ,*+#4 ",,#$#!% #=8#$#!+#4.T *++o!%*!% m4% m*# % +om8*!>4 !?# #=8#$#!+#4 ,% !%o % '"#3!#4 o,

% 8634" *++o!%!' 4%*!"*$"4. o$ #=*m83# *! *++o!%*!% +*! m*$ "o;! % 7*3#o, !7#!%o$ 6% 4 !o% *33o;#" %o m*$ % 8. T&4 +*! 3#*" %o *! !"#$4%*%#" #!"!'!7#!%o$ 7*3# o! * 6*3*!+# 4#%.

C$4" "$ C$'/l

A!o%$ "4*"7*!%*'# o, 4!' *++o!%!' 4%*!"*$"4 !7o37#4 % +o4%4 ,o$ %+om8*! %o +om83 ;%& % 4%*!"*$". N#; *++o!%!' 4%*!"*$"4 $#?$# % +om8*! %o+o!4"#$ % $#?$#m#!%4 o, % 4%*!"*$" ;&*% *+%o!4 % +om8*! m4% %*# %om83#m#!% % 4%*!"*$" *!" ;&*% % +o4% ;33 6#. I! m*! +*4#4 % +om8*! m4%"#4'! !#; 8$o+#"$#4 ;&+& $#?$#4 * 3*$'# ,!*!+*3 !7#4%m#!% %&*% !+3"#4#m83o## 3*6o$ +o4%4 44%#m 8'$*"#4 *!" #m83o## %$*!!'.


30/45

30

I%"!$*c"#$% O& IFRS

A++o!%!' ,$*%#$!% o, 10 +o!%$#4 ,o$m#" I!%#$!*%o!*3 A++o!%!' S%*!"*$"4Comm%%## (IASC) ! 1 *!" % 44#" I!%#$!*%o!*3 A++o!%!' S%*!"*$"4. I! 2001 %$#48o!463% 'o% %$*!4,#$$#" %o IASB ;$#6 4%*!"*$"4 ;#$# $#4%$+%$#" *!" *$# !o;

!o;! *4 IRS. I!%#$!*%o!*3 A++o!%!' R#8o$%!' S%*!"*$"4 4 * 8$o7"#$ o, !,o$m*%o! *"!' ! #+o!om+ "#+4o!4 '7!' m8o$%*!+# %o 8$#,#$#!+# *!" +&*!'#4 !% ,!*!+*3 8o4%o! o, *! #!%%. A++o!%!' S%*!"*$"4 ;! ! +o!,3+% ;%& +o$%>4"#+4o! *$# $#48#+%#". I!"* !##"4 m*9o$ m8$o7#m#!%4 ! A++o!%!' S%*!"*$"4. Mo$#%&*! 100 +o!%$#4 !o; $#?$# +&*!'!' *!" m*! *$# ! % ;* o, $#83*+!' *!"*++#8%!' %. I% 4 m*!3 6*4#" o! %;o +o!+#8%4 *!" *$# 8$!+83# 6*4#" o!

• A++$*3

• o!' +o!+#$!. I%4 ,$*m#;o$ 4 ?*3%*%7# *!" +&*$*+%#$4%+4 *$#

• U!"#$4%*!"*63%

• R#3#7*!+#

• R#3*63%

• Com8*$*63%

Me%#%. $& IFRS

I!%#$!*%o!*3 !*!+*3 R#8o$%!' S%*!"*$"4 (IRS) *$# * 4#% o, !%#$!*%o!*3*++o!%!' 4%*!"*$"4 4%*%!' &o; 8*$%+3*$ %8#4 o, %$*!4*+%o!4 *!" o%$ #7#!%4 4&o3"

6# $#8o$%#" ! ,!*!+*3 4%*%#m#!%4. IRS *$# 44#" 6 % I!%#$!*%o!*3 A++o!%!'


31/45

31

S%*!"*$"4 Bo*$" *!" % 48#+, #=*+%3 &o; *++o!%*!%4 m4% m*!%*! *!" $#8o$%%$ *++o!%4. IRS ;#$# #4%*634" ! o$"#$ %o &*7# * +ommo! *++o!%!' 3*!'*'# 4o

64!#44 *!" *++o!%4 +*! 6# !"#$4%oo" ,$om +om8*! %o +om8*! *!" +o!%$ %o+o!%$.

I! % +$$#!% %m# o, 36#$*3*%o! *!" '3o6*3*%o! % '3o6# &*4 %$!#" !%o *!#+o!om+ +omm!% *!"4&$! % '#o'$*8&+*3 6*$$#$4 o, +omm#$+#. T #!%$# ;o$3"&*4 ,*+%*33 6#+om# ,3*%. T "#7#3o8m#!% o,#-+omm#$+# *!" 36#$*3*%o! o, %#+o!om ;&+& 4 488o$%#" 6 4%$+%$#4 *!" $#'3*%o!4 3#" %o &*7# * !,o$m*!"4!'3# ;o$3";"# *++#8%#" 44%#m o, ,!*!+*3 $#8o$%!'.

IRS *$# 4%*!"*$" ! m*! 8*$%4 o, % ;o$3" !+3"!' % E$o8#*! U!o! *!"m*! +o!%$#4 ! A4* *!" So%& Am#$+* 6% !o% ! % U!%#" S%*%#4. T S#+$%#4*!" E=+&*!'# Comm44o! (SEC) 4 ! % 8$o+#44 o, "#+"!' ;%$ o$ !o% %o *"o8%

% 4%*!"*$"4 ! Am#$+*. Co!%$#4 %&*% 6#!#,% % mo4% ,$om % 4%*!"*$"4 *$# %&o4#%&*% "o * 3o% o, !%#$!*%o!*3 64!#44 *!" !7#4%!'. A"7o+*%#4 4''#4% %&*% * '3o6*3*"o8%o! o, IRS ;o3" 4*7# mo!# o! *3%#$!*%7# +om8*$4o! +o4%4 *!" !"7"*3!7#4%'*%o!4 ;&3# *34o *33o;!' !,o$m*%o! %o ,3o; mo$# ,$##3.

Fe"!e4 O& IFRS

*$ 8$#4#!%*%o! *!" +om83*!+# ;%& IRS: *$ 8$#4#!%*%o! $#?$#4 %

,*%&,3 $#8$#4#!%*%o! o, % #,,#+%4 o, % %$*!4*+%o!4 o%$ #7#!%4 *!"+o!"%o!4 ! *++o$"*!+# ;%& % "#,!%o!4 *!" $#+o'!%o! +$%#$* ,o$ *44#%43*63%#4 !+om# *!" #=8#!4#4 4#% o% ! % $*m#;o$ o, IRS

o!' +o!+#$!: !*!+*3 4%*%#m#!%4 *$# 8$#4#!% o! * 'o!' +o!+#$! 6*44 !3#44

m*!*'#m#!% #%$ !%#!"4 %o 3?"*%# % #!%% o$ %o +#*4# %$*"!' o$ &*4 !o

$#*34%+ *3%#$!*%7# 6% %o "o 4o

A++$*3 6*44 o, *++o!%!': A! #!%% 4&*33 $#+o'!4# %#m4 *4 *44#%4

3*63%#4#?% !+om# *!" #=8#!4#4 ;! % 4*%4, % "#,!%o! *!"$#+o'!%o! +$%#$* ,o$ %&o4# #3#m#!%4 ! % $*m#;o$ o, IRS.


32/45

32

M*%#$*3% *!" *''$#'*%o!: E7#$ m*%#$*3 +3*44 o, 4m3*$ %#m4 &*4 %o 6#

8$#4#!%#" 4#8*$*%#3. I%#m4 %&*% *$# o, * "44m3*$ !*%$# o$ ,!+%o! 4&*33 6# 8$#4#!%#" 4#8*$*%#3 !3#44 % *$# mm*%#$*3

O,,4#%%!': O,,4#%%!' 4 '#!#$*33 ,o$6""#! ! IRS. o;#7#$ +#$%*! 4%*!"*$"4

$#?$# o,,4#%%!' ;! 48#+,+ +o!"%o!4 *$# 4*%4,#" (4+& *4 ! +*4# o, %*++o!%!' ,o$ "#,!#" 6#!#,% 3*63%#4 ! IAS 1 *!" % !#% 8$#4#!%*%o! o, "#,#$$#" %*= 3*63%#4 *!" "#,#$$#" %*= *44#%4 ! IAS 12 ).

$#?#!+ o, $#8o$%!': IRS $#?$#4 %&*% *% 3#*4% *!!*33 * +om83#%# 4#% o,

,!*!+*3 4%*%#m#!%4 4 8$#4#!%#" o;#7#$ 34%#" +om8*!#4 '#!#$*33 *34o 8634&!%#$m ,!*!+*3 4%*%#m#!%4 (,o$ ;&+& % *++o!%!' 4 ,33 IRS +om83*!%),o$ ;&+& % 8$#4#!%*%o! 4 ! *++o$"*!+# ;%& IAS I!%#$m !*!+!' R#8o$%!'.

Com8*$*%7# !,o$m*%o!: IRS $#?$#4 #!%%#4 %o 8$#4#!% +om8*$*%7#!,o$m*%o! ! $#48#+% o, % 8$#+#"!' 8#$o" ,o$ *33 *mo!%4 $#8o$%#" ! %+$$#!% 8#$o"4 ,!*!+*3 4%*%#m#!%4.

IFRS 13

*$ V*3# M#*4$#m#!% *883#4 %o IRS4 %&*% $#?$# o$ 8#$m% ,*$ 7*3#m#*4$#m#!%4 o$ "4+3o4$#4 *!" 8$o7"#4 * 4!'3# IRS,$*m#;o$ ,o$ m#*4$!'

,*$ 7*3# *!" $#?$#4 "4+3o4$#4 *6o% ,*$ 7*3# m#*4$#m#!%. T 4+o8# o, IRS 1 4 ;"#$ %&*! %&*% o, IRS *4 % !+3"#4 !o!-,!*!+*3 *44#%4 *!"3*63%#4 m#*4$#" *% ,*$ 7*3#. T&4 863+*%o! o!3 +o7#$4 % "4+3o4$#$#?$#m#!%4 $#3*%!' %o ,!*!+*3 *44#%4 *!" 3*63%#4. IRS 1 4 *883+*63# ,$om1 J*!*$ 201 ;%& #*$3 *"o8%o! 8#$m%%#".

IFRS 7

IRS 4 "7"#" ! %;o "4%!+% 4#+%o!4. T ,$4% 4#+%o! +o7#$4 ?*!%%*%7#"4+3o4$#4 *6o% % !m6#$4 ! % 6*3*!+# 4#% *!" % !+om# 4%*%#m#!%. T4#+o!" 4#+%o! "#*34 ;%& $4 "4+3o4$#4 ;&+& $#,3#+% % ;* m*!*'#m#!%

8#$+#7#4 m#*4$#4 *!" m*!*'#4 % ,!">4 $44. IRS &*4 6##! *m#!"#"4#7#$*3 %m#4 o7#$ % #*$4 ;%& % +3#*$ !%#!%o! %o m8$o7# % "4+3o4$#$#?$#m#!%4 *6o% ,!*!+*3 !4%$m#!%4. T 3*%#4% %;o *m#!"m#!%4 $#3*%# %o%$*!4,#$4 o, ,!*!+*3 *44#%4 (*883+*63# ,o$ ,!*!+*3 #*$4 6#'!!!' o! o$ *,%#$ 1


33/45

33

J3 2011) *!" o,,4#%%!' ,!*!+*3 *44#%4 *!" ,!*!+*3 3*63%#4 (*883+*63# ,o$ ,!*!+*3 #*$4 6#'!!!' o! o$ *,%#$ 1 J*!*$ 201).

IFRS 9

IRS I!+3"#4 * 3o'+*3 mo"#3 ,o$ +3*44,+*%o! *!" m#*4$#m#!% * 4!'3#,o$;*$"-3oo!' K#=8#+%#" 3o44> m8*$m#!% mo"#3 *!" * 464%*!%*33-$#,o$m#"*88$o*+& %o "'# *++o!%!'.

T IASB &*4 8$#7o43 8634" 7#$4o!4 o, IRS %&*% !%$o"+#" !#;+3*44,+*%o! *!" m#*4$#m#!% $#?$#m#!%4 (! 200 *!" 2010) *!" * !#; "'#*++o!%!' mo"#3 (! 201). T J3 201 863+*%o! $#8$#4#!%4 % ,!*3 7#$4o!o, % S%*!"*$" $#83*+#4 #*$3#$ 7#$4o!4 o, IRS *!" +om83#%#4 % IASB>4

8$o9#+% %o $#83*+# IAS !*!+*3 I!4%$m#!%4: R#+o'!%o! *!" M#*4$#m#!%.

E&&ec"#3e IFRS

T o69#+%7# o, %&4 *m#!"m#!% 4 %o +3*$, % m#*!!' o, K#*+& IRS #,,#+%7# *% %#!" o, *! #!%%4 ,$4% IRS $#8o$%!' 8#$o"> *4 4#" ! 8*$*'$*8& o, IRS 1 $4%-%m#A"o8%o! o, IRS4.

T IASB &*" 6##! !,o$m#" %&*% %$# ;*4 !+#$%*!% *6o% ;&+& 7#$4o! o, *! IRS4&o3" 6# *883#" ! *! #!%%>4 ,$4% IRS ,!*!+*3 4%*%#m#!%4 ! +$+m4%*!+#4 ;$# *!#; o$ * $#74#" IRS %&*% 4 !o% #% m*!"*%o$ 6% %&*% +*! 6# *"o8%#" #*$3 &*4 6##!

44#". T IASB &*" 6##! *4#" %o +3*$, ;&+& 7#$4o! o, % IRS 4&o3" 6# *883#".

T IASB 8$o8o4#4 %o *m#!" % B*44 ,o$ Co!+34o!4 o, IRS 1 %o +3*$, %&*% , * !#;IRS 4 !o% #% m*!"*%o$ 6% 8#$m%4 #*$3 *883+*%o! %&*% IRS 4 8#$m%%#" 6% !o%$#?$#" %o 6# *883#" ! % #!%%>4 ,$4% IRS ,!*!+*3 4%*%#m#!%4. T&4 8$o8o4#"*m#!"m#!% ;33 6# !+3"#" *4 8*$% o, % A!!*3 Im8$o7#m#!%4 C+3# 2011-201.


34/45

34

O"e! !e4 $& "e /!$&e44#$% #ll IFRS &&ec"

A4 IRS '$o;4 ! *++#8%*!+# mo4% CPA4 ,!*!+*3 4%*%#m#!% 8$#8*$#$4 *!" *"%o$4 ;33&*7# %o 6#+om# !o;3#"'#*63# *6o% % !#; $3#4. O%$4 4+& *4 *+%*$#4 *!"7*3*%o! #=8#$%4 ;&o *$# #!'*'#" 6 m*!*'#m#!% %o *444% ! m#*4$!' +#$%*! *44#%4*!" 3*63%#4 *$# !o% +$$#!%3 %*'&% IRS *!" ;33 &*7# %o !"#$%*# +om8$#!47#%$*!!'. P$o,#44o!*3 *44o+*%o!4 *!" !"4%$ '$o84 &*7# 6#'! %o !%#'$*%# IRS !%o%$ %$*!!' m*%#$*34 863+*%o!4 %#4%!' *!" +#$%,+*%o! 8$o'$*m4 *!" m*!

+o33#'#4 *!" !7#$4%#4 *$# !+3"!' IRS ! %$ +$$+3*. Som# %#=%6oo4 *$#*3$#*" +o7#$!' IRS 8$m*$3 ! * +om8*$*%7# 8$#4#!%*%o! %o %$ !4%$+%o!4 o!U.S. AAP. N#; %#=%6oo4 +o7#$!' IRS *$# +$$#!%3 6#!' ;$%%#! *!" 4&o3" 6# !+$+3*%o! ! % $#*4o!*63 !#*$ ,%$#.

A*3%".e4 $& c$%3e!"#%. "$ IFRS

B *"o8%!' IRS * 64!#44 +*! 8$#4#!% %4 ,!*!+*3 4%*%#m#!%4 o! % 4*m# 6*44 *4 %4,o$#'! +om8#%%o$4 m*!' +om8*$4o!4 #*4#$. $%$mo$# +om8*!#4 ;%&

464"*$#4 ! +o!%$#4 %&*% $#?$# o$ 8#$m% IRS m* 6# *63# %o 4# o!# *++o!%!'3*!'*'# +om8*!-;"#. Com8*!#4 *34o m* !##" %o +o!7#$% %o IRS , % *$# *464"*$ o, * ,o$#'! +om8*! %&*% m4% 4# IRS o$ , % &*7# * ,o$#'! !7#4%o$ %&*% m4% 4# IRS. Com8*!#4 m* *34o 6#!#,% 6 4!' IRS , % ;4& %o $*4#+*8%*3 *6$o*".


35/45

35

D#4*3%".e4 $& c$%3e!"#%. "$ IFRS

D#48%# * 6#3#, 6 4om# o, % !#7%*63% o, % '3o6*3 *++#8%*!+# o, IRS o%$4 6#3#7# %&*% U.S. AAP 4 % 'o3" 4%*!"*$" *!" %&*% * +#$%*! 3#7#3 o, ?*3% ;33 6#3o4% ;%& ,33 *++#8%*!+# o, IRS. $%$ +#$%*! U.S. 44#$4 ;%&o% 4'!,+*!%+4%om#$4 o$ o8#$*%o!4 o%4"# % U!%#" S%*%#4 m* $#44% IRS 6#+*4# % m* !o%&*7# * m*$#% !+#!%7# %o 8$#8*$# IRS ,!*!+*3 4%*%#m#!%4. T m* 6#3#7# %&*% %4'!,+*!% +o4%4 *44o+*%#" ;%& *"o8%!' IRS o%;#'& % 6#!#,%4.

=e%e"4 %* Clle%.e4

T mo7# %o IRS % !o% 94% * %#+&!+*3 *++o!%!' #=#$+4#. I% 4 *! #=#$+4# ! +&*!'#

m*!*'#m#!% *!" o,,#$4 o88o$%!%#4 ,o$ m8$o7#m#!%. IRS +o!7#$4o! o,,#$4 +om8*!#4 *!

o88o$%!% %o m8$o7# %$ 64!#44 ! 4#7#$*3 ;*4. T +om8*! +*!:

• R#4&*8# %4 m*!*'#m#!% $#8o$%!' 44%#m4 %o 6#%%#$ m*!*'# 6o%& %4 ,!*!+*3 *++o!%!'

*!" %4 ,!*!+*3 4%*%#m#!% '#!#$*%o! *!" 8$o7"# +om8*! 3#*"#$4&8 ;%& #44#!%*3

!,o$m*%o!

• Im8$o7# "4+3o4$# %o *!*34%4 !7#4%o$4 $#'3*%o$4 *!" o%$ 4%*#&o3"#$4 o, o$

+om8*!4 ,!*!+*3 $#43%4 *!" 8o4%o! *!" o%$ 8#$,o$m*!+# !"+*%o$4

• Im8$o7# % m#%$+4 4#" %o #7*3*%# 6o%& +om8*! *!" #=#+%7# 8#$,o$m*!+#

• B#!+&m*$ %4#3, *'*!4% %4 '3o6*3 8##$4

• E!4$# *33 ,!*!+# %#*m m#m6#$4 &*7# % %$*!!' !o;3#"'# *!" 4334 !##"#" %o

8#$,o$m %$ $o3#4

IFRSB Te I'/c" $% I%*#% C$!/$!"e

T 4# o, !%#$!*%o!*3 ,!*!+*3 $#8o$%!' 4%*!"*$"4 (IRS) *4 * !7#$4*3 ,!*!+*3

$#8o$%!' 3*!'*'# 4 '*!!' mom#!%m *+$o44 % '3o6#. O7#$ * 100 +o!%$#4 ! %

E$o8#*! U!o! A,$+* #4% A4* *!" A4*-P*+,+ $#'o!4 #%$ $#?$# o$ 8#$m% %


36/45

36

4# o, IRS. T I!4%%%# o, C&*$%#$#" A++o!%*!%4 o, I!"* (ICAI) &*4 $#+#!%3 $#3#*4#"

* +o!+#8% 8*8#$ o! Co!7#$'#!+# ;%& IRS ! I!"* "#%*3!' % 4%$*%#' ,o$ *"o8%o! o,

IRS ! I!"* ;%& #,,#+% ,$om A8$3 1 2011. T&4 &*4 6##! 4%$#!'%!#" 6 * $#+#!%

*!!o!+#m#!% ,$om % m!4%$ o, +o$8o$*%# *,,*$4 (MCA) +o!,$m!' % *'#!"* ,o$

+o!7#$'#!+# ;%& IRS ! I!"* 6 2011. E7#! ! % US %$# 4 *! o!'o!' "#6*%#

$#'*$"!' % *"o8%o! o, IRS $#83*+!' US AAP. A"o8%!' IRS 6 I!"*! +o$8o$*%#4

4 'o!' %o 6# 7#$ +&*33#!'!' 6% *% % 4*m# %m# +o3" *34o 6# $#;*$"!'. I!"*!

+o$8o$*%# 4 3#3 %o $#*8 4'!,+*!% 6#!#,%4 ,$om *"o8%!' IRS. T E$o8#*! U!o!4

#=8#$#!+# &'&3'&%4 m*! 8#$+#7#" 6#!#,%4 *4 * $#43% o, *"o8%!' IRS. O7#$*33 mo4%

!7#4%o$4 ,!*!+*3 4%*%#m#!% 8$#8*$#$4 *!" *"%o$4 ;#$# ! *'$##m#!% %&*% IRS

m8$o7#" % ?*3% o, ,!*!+*3 4%*%#m#!%4 *!" %&*% IRS m83#m#!%*%o! ;*4 * 8o4%7#

"#7#3o8m#!% ,o$ EU ,!*!+*3 $#8o$%!' (200 ICAE R#8o$% o! EU Im83#m#!%*%o! o,

IRS *!" % *$ V*3# D$#+%7#. T$# *$# 3#3 %o 6# 4#7#$*3 6#!#,%4 %o +o$8o$*%#4 !

% I!"*! +o!%#=% *4 ;#33. T# *$#:

• Im8$o7#m#!% ! +om8*$*63% o, ,!*!+*3 !,o$m*%o! *!" ,!*!+*3 8#$,o$m*!+# ;%&

'3o6*3 8##$4 *!" !"4%$ 4%*!"*$"4. T&4 ;33 $#43% ! mo$# %$*!48*$#!% ,!*!+*3

$#8o$%!' o, * +om8*!4 *+%7%#4 ;&+& ;33 6#!#,% !7#4%o$4 +4%om#$4 *!" o%$ #

4%*#&o3"#$4 ! I!"* *!" o7#$4#*4G

• T *"o8%o! o, IRS 4 #=8#+%#" %o $#43% ! 6#%%#$ ?*3% o, ,!*!+*3 $#8o$%!' "# %o

+o!44%#!% *883+*%o! o, *++o!%!' 8$!+83#4 *!" m8$o7#m#!% ! $#3*63% o, ,!*!+*3

4%*%#m#!%4. T&4 ! %$! ;33 3#*" %o !+$#*4#" %$4% *!" $#3*!+# 83*+#" 6 !7#4%o$4

*!*34%4 *!" o%$ 4%*#&o3"#$4 ! * +om8*!4 ,!*!+*3 4%*%#m#!%4G *!"

• B#%%#$ *++#44 %o *!" $#"+%o! ! % +o4% o, +*8%*3 $*4#" ,$om '3o6*3 +*8%*3 m*$#%4

4!+# IRS *$# !o; *++#8%#" *4 * ,!*!+*3 $#8o$%!' ,$*m#;o$ ,o$ +om8*!#4 4##!' %o

$*4# ,!"4 ,$om mo4% +*8%*3 m*$#%4 *+$o44 % '3o6#. A $#+#!% "#+4o! 6 % US

S#+$%#4 *!" E=+&*!'# Comm44o! (SEC) 8#$m%4 ,o$#'! +om8*!#4 34%#" ! % US

%o 8$#4#!% ,!*!+*3 4%*%#m#!%4 ! *++o$"*!+# ;%& IRS. T&4 m#*!4 %&*% 4+& +om8*!#4

;33 !o% 6# $#?$#" %o 8$#8*$# 4#8*$*%#


37/45

37


38/45

38


39/45

39

A%l4#4 OF D"

Acc$%"#%. S"%*!*

T&4 4%" ,o+4#" o! % #,,#+%4 o, ,!*!+*3 *++o!%!' 4%*!"*$"4 o! ,!*!+*3 $#8o$%!'

*!" 8$*+%+#4 o, mo"#$! 64!#44 o$'*!*%o!4. I% "4+44#" #=%#!47#3 % o69#+%7#4

m8*+%4 *88$o*+ *!" 8$o+#44#4 3#*"!' %o 4%*!"*$" 4#%%!' *!" ,!*!+*3 $#8o$%!'. I%

*34o "4+44#" 4om# *$'m#!%4 ! ,*7o$ *!" *'*!4% ,!*!+*3 *++o!%!' 4%*!"*$"4. T

4%" 3oo#" *% +$%+*3 44#4 ! 4%*!"*$" 4#%%!' *4 ;#33 *4 % *883+*%o! o, *++o!%!'4%*!"*$"4 ! ,!*!+*3 $#8o$%!' *!" 8$*+%+#4. Bo%& ?*!%%*%7# *!" ?*3%*%7# 4$7#

m#%&o"4 ;#$# 4#" %o o6%*! $#3#7*!% "*%* ,o$ % 4%". T# "*%* ;#$# *!*3#" 4!'

P#*$4o!>4 8$o"+% mom#!% +o$$#3*%o! +o#,,+#!% %o %#4% % $#3*%o!4&8 6#%;##!

*++o!%!' 4%*!"*$"4 *!" ,!*!+*3 $#8o$%!' *!" 8$*+%+#4 o, 64!#44 o$'*!*%o!4.

T $#43% 4&o;#" * &'& *!" 8o4%7# 3#7#3 o, +o$$#3*%o!. T +&-4?*$# 4%*%4%+*3 %oo3

;*4 *34o 4#" %o %#4% % +o4% m83+*%o! o, *"$!' %o *++o!%!' 4%*!"*$"4. T $#43%


40/45

40

4&o;#" %&*% %$# 4 * 4'!,+*!% 3#7#3 o, +o4% *44o+*%#" ;%& % *883+*%o! o, ,!*!+*3

*++o!%!' 4%*!"*$"4 ! ,!*!+*3 $#8o$%!' *!" 8$*+%+#4. S''#4%o!4 ;#$# m*"# %&*%

4%*!"*$" 4#%%#$ 4&o3" 4%*%# % 3m% %o ;&+& % 863+ +o!%$6%# %o % 4%*!"*$" 4#%%!'

;&3# 3oo!' *% % 8#+3*$%#4 o, !"7"*3 #!%#$8$4# *4 %&4 ;33 8$#7#!% % ;*%#$!'

"o;! o, 4%*!"*$"4 %&$o'& % #=8o4$# "$*,%. !*33 %&*% !*!+*3 A++o!%!'

S%*!"*$" Bo*$" 4&o3" 4%*%# % +o4%/6#!#,% o, *"$!' %o ,!*!+*3 4%*!"*$"4 !

,!*!+*3 $#8o$%!' 8*$%+3*$3 ! %#$m4 o, % "4+3o4$# o, !%*!'63# *44#%4 *4 %&4 ;33

63" % +o!,"#!+# o, % ,!*!+*3 $#8o$%#$4 .*!" 4#$4 o, ,!*!+*3 $#8o$%4.

I%"e!%"#$%l F#%%c#l Re/$!"#%. S"%*!*4 (IFRS)

IRS>4 m8*+% o! ,!*!+*3 $*%o4 4 "$7#! 6 ,!"*m#!%*3 ",,#$#!+#4 ! *883+*%o! o,

,*$ 7*3# *++o!%!' *!" +o!4o3"*%o! !"#$IRS *!" 8$#-+&*!'#o7#$ C*!*"*! AAP

*!" 6 * !m6#$ o, o%$ ",,#$#!+#4. *$ 7*3# *++o!%!' +*4#4 *"94%m#!%4 !

6*3*!+# 4#% ,'$#4 "$#+% *33o+*%o! o, 4om# !$#*3#" '*!4 *!" 3o44#4 %o % !+om#

4%*%#m#!% *!" *33o+*%o! o, 4om# o%$ !$#*3#" '*!4 *!" 3o44#4 %o o%$


41/45

41

+om8$#!47# !+om#. A4 * $#43% 3?"% *!" 3#7#$*'# $*%o4 *$# *,,#+%#" "# %o

6*3*!+# 4#% 7*$*%o!4 ;&3# 8$o,%*63%

T m8*+% o, +o!4o3"*%o! o! $*%o4 4 ",,+3% %o 4o3*%# *4 % ",,#$#!+#4 *$#

!+o$8o$*%#" o$ +om6!#" ! % +o!4o3"*%#" ,'$#4. I!+o$8o$*%!' m!o$% !%#$#4% !

#?% *34o 4'!,+*!%3 m8*+%4 % ,!*!+*3 4%*%#m#!%4G "$#+%3 *,,#+%!' 8$o,%*63%

*!" 3#7#$*'# $*%o4. O%$ ",,#$#!+#4 *,,#+% 3#7#$*'# *!" 8$o,%*63% $*%o4 8*$%+3*$3

! m8*$m#!% %#4% 8$o+#"$#4 *883#" %o 3o!'-37#" *44#%4.

To "#7#3o8 '3o6*3 *++o!%!' 4%*!"*$"4 $#?$!' %$*!48*$#!+ +om8*$*63% *!"

&'& ?*3% ! ,!*!+*3 4%*%#m#!%4

To #!+o$*'# '3o6*3 *++o!%!' 4%*!"*$"4

! m83#m#!%!' '3o6*3 *++o!%!' 4%*!"*$"4 %o %*# !%o *++o!% % !##"4

o, #m#$'!' m*$#%4

Co!7#$'# 7*$o4 !*%o!*3 *++o!%!' 4%*!"*$"4 ;%& % '3o6*3 *++o!%!'

4%*!"*$"4

RECOMMENDATION


42/45

42

Acc$%"#%. S"%*!*

I!7#4%o$4 +om8*!#4 *"%o$4 *!" o%$ 8*$%+8*!%4 ! % U.S. ,!*!+*3 $#8o$%!'44%#m 6#!#,% ,$om % !+$#*4#" +om8*$*63% %&*% +*! $#43% ,$om % +3o4#$ *3'!m#!%

o, 4%*!"*$"4 4#" !%#$!*%o!*33. Mo$# +om8*$*63# 4%*!"*$"4 &*7# % 8o%#!%*3 %o $#"+#

+o4%4 ,o$ 6o%& 4#$4 *!" 8$#8*$#$4 o, ,!*!+*3 4%*%#m#!%4 *!" m*# ;o$3";"# +*8%*3

m*$#%4 mo$# #,,+#!%. T S#+$%#4 *!" E=+&*!'# Comm44o! (SEC) #=8#+%4 %

ASB %o +o!4"#$ ! "#7#3o8!' 4%*!"*$"4 % #=%#!% %o ;&+& !%#$!*%o!*3

+om8*$*63% 4 !#+#44*$ o$ *88$o8$*%# ! % 863+ !%#$#4% *!" ,o$ % 8$o%#+%o! o,

!7#4%o$4.

I%"e!%"#$%l F#%%c#l Re/$!"#%. S"%*!*4 (IFRS)

Im8$o7#m#!%4 8$o9#+% +o!%*!4 *m#!"m#!%4 %o IRS4 o$ I!%#$8$#%*%o!4 %&*% *$# m!o$ o$

!*$$o; ! 4+o8# %&*% *$# 8*+*'#" %o'#%$ *!" #=8o4#" ! o!# "o+m#!% #7#! %&o'& %*m#!"m#!%4 *$# !$#3*%#". T# *m#!"m#!%4 *$# 3m%#" %o +&*!'#4 %&*% #%$ +3*$,

% ;o$"!' ! *! IRS o$ +o$$#+% $#3*%7#3 m!o$ !!%#!"#" +o!4#?#!+#4 o7#$4'&%4

o$ +o!,3+%4 6#%;##! #=4%!' $#?$#m#!%4 o, IRS4. B#+*4# o, %$ !*%$# % 4 !o%

!#+#44*$ %o !"#$%*# +o!43%*%o! o$ o%$#*+& ,o$ *!!*3 m8$o7#m#!%4 6#o!" %

+omm#!% 3#%%#$ 8$o+#44.

T #=8o4$# "$*,% ,o$ A!!*3 Im8$o7#m#!%4 4 !o$m*33 8634" ,o$ +omm#!% ,o$ 0

"*4G %&4 4 4&o$%#$ %&*! % !o$m*3 +omm#!% 8#$o" ,o$ *! #=8o4$# "$*,% (120 "*4)

$#,3#+%!' % !*%$# o, A!!*3 Im8$o7#m#!%4 .#. % *$# +3*$,!' o$ +o$$#+%!' !!*%$# *!" "o !o% 8$o8o4# !#; 8$!+83#4 o$ +&*!'#4 %o #=4%!' o!#4.

R*%$ %&*! 4#8*$*%#3 8634&!' * 4#$#4 o, 8#+#m#*3 +&*!'#4 % 863+*%o! o, %

8$o8o4*34 ! * 4!'3# #=8o4$# "$*,% 4 !%#!"#" %o 4%$#*m3!# % 4%*!"*$"-4#%%!' 8$o+#44

;%& 6#!#,%4 6o%& ,o$ !%#$#4%#" 8*$%#4 *!" ,o$ % IASB.


43/45

43

C$%cl4#$%

Acc$%"#%. S"%*!*

O7#$*33 &o;#7#$ % *++o!%!' +&*!'#4 !%$o"+#" 6 I!"-AS *$# 8o4%7# ,o$ ,o$#'!

,$m4 o8#$*%!' ! I!"*. Im83#m#!%*%o! o, % !#; 8$!+8*34 ;33 *3'! * +om8*!>4$#8o$%!' mo$# +3o4#3 ;%& 6#4% 8$*+%+#4 ! %$ &om# +o!%$ *33o;!' ,o$ #!&*!+#"

%$*!48*$#!+ %&*% ;33 & !7#4%o$4 *!" 4%*#&o3"#$4 6#%%#$ !"#$4%*!" * 64!#44>4

,!*!+*3 4%*%o!.

%& m*!"*%o$ +om83*!+# ,*4% *88$o*+&!' %$# 4 * 3m%#" *mo!% o, %m# ,o$

+om8*!#4 o8#$*%!' ! I!"* %o 8$#8*$# ,o$ I!"-AS m83#m#!%*%o!. B4!#44#4 4&o3"

,$4%3 "#7#3o8 *! o%3!# o, &o; % !#; 4%*!"*$"4 ;33 $#83*+# #=4%!' o!#4 *!" %!

3oo %o #m6#" I!"-AS !%o %$ o8#$*%o!*3 44%#m4 %$*! %$ ,!*!+*3 %#*m4 *!"

#!4$# *33 +om8*! m*!*'#$4 !"#$4%*!" % !#; *++o!%!' 8$!+83#4.

I%"e!%"#$%l F#%%c#l Re/$!"#%. S"%*!*4 (IFRS)

T 8$o9#+% %#*m 4&o3" &*7# *"#?*%# *!" #44#!%*3 ?*3,+*%o!*!" !o;3#"'# *6o%

% 8$o9#+%. T 4&o3" 6# 8$o7"#" ;%& *33 % !#+#44*$ $#4o$+#4 $#?$#" ,o$ %

4++#44. N#7#$%#44 , % %$*!4%o! 4 83*!!#" *!"m*!*'#" 8$o8#$3 % ;33 6# *

8o4%7# 4%#8 ,o$ ,!*!+*3 $#8o$%!' ! I!"*. I% !##"4 %o8 m*!*'#m#!% %o %*#

$#48o!463%,o$ % 4++#44,3 +o!7#$4o! ,o$ %&*% #,,#+%7# +omm!+*%o! o, ",,#$#!%

#3#m#!%4 o, IRS +o!7#$4o! 8$o9#+% m4% 6#+omm!+*%#" %o *33 %&o4# ;&o ;33 6#

*,,#+%#" 6 %.


44/45

44

=I=LOGRAPHY+

&%%8://;;;.!"*-6$#,!'.+om/!#;4/!"*4-8$#8*$!'-!"*4-*++o!%!'-4%*!"*$"4-

10.&%m3/

&%%8://'$*"#4%*+.+om/CA-CPT/A++o!%!'-S%*!"*$"4/A"7*!%*'#4-o,-

A++o!%!'/225-5-52-4%"-;%;

&%%8://;;;.#&o;.+om/!,o


45/45

45

&%%8://4#*$+&4#+$%.%#+&%*$'#%.+o./"#,!%o!/IRS-I!%#$!*%o!*3-!*!+*3-

R#8o$%!'-S%*!"*$"4

&%%8://;;;.!7#4%o8#"*.+om/%#$m4/*/*++o!%!'-4%*!"*$".*48

&%%8://'$*"#4%*+.+om/CA-CPT-E=*m-P$#8-6-AOC/A++o!%!'-S%*!"*$"4/M#*!!'-o,-A++o!%!'/1-215-1-4%"-;%;

&%%84://#!.;8#"*.o$'/;/I!"*!

Documents

FA Edit Project