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F1 - WES (OIC) 011810 =============================================

PROBLEM SOLVING WITH COLOR CODED SOLUTIONS

=== ============================== Find the Amplitude of a rising body with a Declination of 21º 07.8' N at Latitude 47º 18.6' N. TO FIND AMPLITUDE (AMP): Sin AMP = Sin DEC / Cos LAT = Sin 21° 7.8’ / Cos 47° 18.6’ AMPLITUDE = E 32° 7.1’ N NOTE: Prefixed ―E‖ >> Body is Rising [―W‖ if Body is Setting] Suffixed ―N‖ >> Declination is North [―S‖ if DEC is South]

At Latitude 55° 53’N; Long. 130° 18’ W, sun’s Declination is 12° 40’ S. Find True Azimuth (Zn) at sunset. TO FIND TRUE AZIMUTH (Zn):

1.) First find Amplitude:

Sin AMP = Sin DEC / Cos LAT = Sin 12° 40’ / Cos 55° 53’ AMPLITUDE = W 23° S NOTE: Prefixed ―W‖ >> Body is Setting [ ―E‖ if Body is Rising ] Suffixed ―S‖ >> Declination is South [ ―N‖ if DEC is N ]

2.) Then convert Amplitude to True Azimuth:

To convert AMPLITUDE (AMP) to TRUE AZIMUTH (Zn):

1. E x N > > > 90° – AMP = Zn 2. E x S > > > 90° + AMP = Zn

3. W x S > > > 270° – AMP = Zn 4. W x N > > > 270° + AMP = Zn

In the above example: AMP = W 23° S >> 270° — 23° > > Zn = 247° ( T )

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An observer at Latitude 45° 00’ South took a gyro bearing of the Sun on the horizon and found to be 078°(pgc). The declination of the Sun obtained from the almanac gives 14° 00’ N. Calculate the gyro error. TO FIND GYRO ERROR (G/E): Sin AMP = Sin DEC / Cos LAT = Sin 14° / Cos 45° AMPLITUDE = E 20° N NOTE: Prefixed ―E‖ >> Bearing is 078° (pgc) which is Easterly direction and it means that the Body is Rising. Suffixed ―N‖ >> Declination is North To convert Amp E 20° N to True Azimuth: 90° – 20° = 070° T True Bearing = 070° (T) > > Obtained by calculation Gyro Bearing = 078° pgc ( – ) > > Taken by observation --------------------------------------- Gyro Error = – 8° or 8° W > > If result is (–), G/E is W ; If (+) G/E is E . Or you can apply the OLD RULE: Compass BEST, Error WEST… Compass LEAST, Error EAST

The bearing of a rising sun at Latitude 38° 08' S was 078° 28'. Find the declination at time of sight. TO FIND DECLINATION by AMPLITUDE FORMULA: Sin AMP = Sin DEC / Cos LAT Sin DEC = Sin AMP x Cos LAT [ Formula 1 ] Sin DEC = Cos Azimuth x Cos LAT [ Formula 2 ] Sin DEC = Cos 78° 28’ x Cos 38° 08’ DECLINATION = 9° 03’ N > > > (N since 078° 28’ is towards North or it has a Northerly component)

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You are on a voyage from New York, USA to San Francisco, USA. The distance from pilot to pilot is 5,132 miles. The speed of advance is 13.5 knots. You estimate 32 hours for bunkering at Colon and 14 hours for the Panama Canal transit. If you take departure at 0600 hours (ZD +4) on May 16, what is your ETA (ZD +7) at San Francisco?

TO FIND ETA or LZT of ARRIVAL:

a.) By GMT METHOD: LZT departure = 0600 16

th May

ZD departure = (+)4 (W) + >>> [ LEG –: E – / W + ] --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- GMT departure = 1000 16

th May

+ Steaming Time = 2009 15days >>> [ Steaming Time: always + ] --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- GMT arrival = 3009 31

st May

ZD arrival = (+)7 (W) – >>> [ GEL +: E + / W – ] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- LZT arrival = 2309 31

st May

Bunkering = 32 + >>> [ Any Delays: always + ] Panama Canal Transit = 14 + >>> [ Any Delays: always + ] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ LZT arrival = 2109 02

nd June

b.) By TIME DIFFERENCE (TD) METHOD: ZD departure = (+) 4 ZD arrival = (+) 7 ( – ) >>> Note: always subtract ( – ) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Time Difference = – 3 Steaming Time(D / S) = 2009 15 days >>> 5,132 miles / 13.5 knots LZT departure = 0600 16

th May

Bunkering = 32 + >>> [ Any Delays: always + ] Panama Canal Transit = 14 + >>> [ Any Delays: always + ] ----------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- LZT arrival = 2109 02

nd June

(Other Methods on the next page ! ! ! )

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c.) By SIMPLE ILLUSTRATION METHOD:

Pt. A >_________________+_________________+____________________<Pt. B NYK Colon Panama Canal Transit SFO (ZD+4) (32h) (14h) (ZD+7) S.T. = Distance / Speed = 5132 miles / 13.5 knots = 380.148 hrs 0600 May 16 >>>>>> S.T. 15d 20h 09m >>>>>> ?? 2109 June 2 ??

d.) By HOUR CALCULATION METHOD: Steaming Time = Distance / Speed = 5,132nm/13.5k >>> 380.148 hrs Departure Time >>> + 6 hrs ZD departure >>>> + (+)4 ZD arrival >>>>>>> – (+)7 Note: always (- ) DELAYS: Bunkering >>>>>>> + 32 hrs P. Canal Transit >>> + 14 hrs ------------------------------------------------------- TOTAL No. of HOURS >>> 429.148 hrs / 24 17.881 days Departure Date >>> + 16

th MAY

------------------------------------------------------------------------- 33.881 How many days in MAY??? >>> – 31 days -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2.881 days ARRIVAL MONTH and DAY!!! >>> – 2

nd JUNE

------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0.881day x 24 ARRIVAL TIME!!! >>> 2109 hrs NOTE: If ZD is not given, just divide the Longitude by 15. Take the whole number of hour. A fraction of 0.5 and above will be considered to the next hour. ( Ex. 4.4 = ZD 4 but 4.5 = ZD 5)

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At Place A, Long. 175° 10.5’ W, the LMT is 16h 02m 03s Dec 3. Find the LMT and date at place B, Long. 32°08’ W.

TO FIND LMT of PLACE B: (175° 10.5’ – 32° 08’) = 143° 2.5’ E / 15 = 9h 32m 10s ( + ) Dec.3, 16h 02m 03s --------------------------------- 25h 34m 13s Dec.4, 01h 34m 13s

The ZT at place A is 0800. If the Long of A is 49°30’ W, what is the ZT of place B in Long 83°15’ W?

TO FIND ZT of PLACE B: Long of A = 49° 30’ W / 15 = 3.3 >>> ZD Place A = +3 ( – ) Long of B = 83° 15’ W / 15 = 5.6 >>> ZD Place B = +6 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Time Difference = –3 Hrs ZT Place A = 0800 Time Difference = – 3 Hrs ------------------------------------- ZT Place B = 0500

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What is the length of the shadow of a man, 6 feet tall, when standing in an open field at local apparent noon of a certain day when the sun’s Declination is about 20º S and his Latitude is 20º S?

TO FIND ZENITH DISTANCE if LATITUDE / DECLINATION are given: LAT = 20° S DEC = 20° (S) N – >> > (always reverse sign; if same name ------------------ with Lat + but if diff.name – then affix ZD = 0° sign of quantity with greater value) NOTE: It means that the sun is exactly at the Zenith (directly above your head), therefore Zenith Distance (ZD) is zero and no shadow will be seen.

Find the height of the observer in Lat 45º N when he is casting a shadow 10 feet long at local apparent noon on a day when the sun declination is 20º N. TO FIND HEIGHT OF OBSERVER: Lat = 45° N Dec = 20° (N) S – >>> (always reverse sign; if same name ------------------------ with Lat + but if diff. name – then affix ZD = 25° N sign of quantity with greater value) – 90° -------------------- Ho = 65° Height of Observer (Ho) = Tan 65° x 10 feet (shadow) = 21.25 feet

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THE FOLLOWING PROBLEMS are FINDING HOW FAR is the SUN to the ZENITH of OBSERVER or the FINDING the ANGULAR or the ZENITH DISTANCE:

How far and where will the Sun be from the Zenith of the observer at noon of June 21 or 23 if the observer is navigating along the Tropic of Cancer?

Tropic of Cancer >>> Lat = 23° 27’ N

June 21 or 23 >>> Dec = 23°27’ N ( – )

-------------------------------------------------------

ZD = 0°

RULE: If LATITUDE of Observer and DECLINATION of the Sun

are of same name, subtract ( – ) and affix the sign of quantity

with greater value; if different name, add ( + ).

What is the angular distance of the sun from the zenith of the observer at noon of June 21 or 23 if the observer is navigating along the Tropic of Cancer?

Observer is along Tropic of Cancer = 23° 27’ N

Declination of the Sun on June 21/23 = 23° 27’ N ( – )

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Angular Distance = 0°

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How far and where will the sun be from the zenith of the observer at noon of December 21 or 23 if the observer is navigating along the Tropic of Cancer?

Observer is navigating along the Tropic of Cancer = 23° 27’ N Declination of the Sun on Dec. 21/23 = 23° 27’ S ( + ) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- How far is the Sun to the Observer (ZD) = 46° 54’ South NOTE: It is named ―South‖ since the Sun is south of the Observer.

How far and where will the sun be from the zenith of observer at noon of March 21 or 23 when the observer is navigating along the Arctic Circle?

Observer is navigating along the Arctic Circle = 66° 33’ N Declination of the Sun on March 21/23 = 0° N/S (+/ – ) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ How far is the Sun to the Observer (ZD) = 66° 33’ South NOTE: It is named ―South‖ since the Sun is south of the Observer.

What is the angular distance of the sun from the zenith of the observer at noon of March 21 or 23 when the observer is navigating along the Arctic Circle?

Observer is along Arctic Circle = 66° 33’ N Declination of the Sun on March 21/23 = 0° N/S (+/ – ) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Angular Distance = 66° 33’

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What is the difference of latitude between the Antarctic Circle and the Tropic of Capricorn?

Antarctic Circle >>> LAT = 66° 33’ S Tropic of Capricorn >>> LAT = 23° 27’ S ( – ) ---------------------------------------------------------------------- DLAT = 43° 06’

What is the difference of latitude between the Arctic Circle and the Tropic of Cancer?

Arctic Circle >>> LAT = 66° 33’ N Tropic of Cancer >>> LAT = 23° 27’ N ( – ) ------------------------------------------------------------------- DLAT = 43° 06’

How far (in angular distance) is the Arctic Circle from the North Pole?

North Pole = 90° 00’ N Arctic Circle = 66° 33’ N ( – ) ------------------------------------------ Angular Distance = 23° 27’

How far in angular distance is the Antarctic Circle from the South Pole?

South Pole = 90° 00’ S Antarctic Circle = 66° 33’ S ( – ) ------------------------------------------ Angular Distance = 23° 27’

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A ship sailing eastward crosses the 180th meridian at 1130 ZT of June 6. What is the new zone time and date of crossing? TO FIND ZT and DATE when crossing Equator:

a.) By Formula: ZD before crossing = – 12 (E) > > > LZT = 1130 June 6 TD = 24h or 1d ( –) ----------------------------------- ZD after crossing = + 12 (W) > > > LZT = 1130 June 5 ---------------------------------------------- Time Difference (TD) = – 24 hrs < < < ZD dep – ZD arr = (–12) – (+12) Or 1 day NOTE: TD is applied between two ZT’s. TD is the difference of two ZD’s.

b.) By Simple Illustration Method: E Long._______________________(180°)_______________________W Long. I D L >>> 1 >> Day >>Less >>> (Easterly Course) 1130 ZT, June6 1130ZT, June5 ( Westerly Course) <<< 1 << Day << More <<< NOTE: Remember the 180

th meridian is the I.D.L. (International Date Line) or

I.D.L. means 1 Day Less. In short, crossing the IDL from E to W (eastward), you subtract 1 day. And crossing from W to E (westward), you add 1 day.

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A ship is in Longitude 137° 45' E, clocks keeping ZT. Find the LMT at 1123 ship's time. TO FIND LMT if LZT or ZT is given: Long. 137° 45’ E / 15 = 09h 11m (E) > > > Long. in Time (λ t) (hh – mm – ss) = -9 (E) > > > > > > ZD (whole number of hour) LZT = 1123 (ship’s time) Note: [ L E G – / G E L + ] ZD = 9 (E) – LZT to GMT: E – / W + -------------------- GMT to LMT: E + / W – GMT = 0223 (λ t) = 0911 (E) + ---------------------- LMT = 1134 NOTE 1: In converting LZT to LMT or vice versa, you apply Longitude in Time (λ t) and ZD but DO NOT interchange them, otherwise you will get a wrong answer. From LZT to GMT or vice versa , you apply ZD. Both LZT and ZD with ―Z‖ should go hand in hand. From GMT to LMT or vice versa, you apply, of course Long in Time (λ t) at wala ng iba pa. NOTE 2: Local Zone Time or Zone Time or Local Time is the Standard Time maintained within a certain zone as designated by Zone Description. This standard time is the time being maintained on board ship and this is what we call the Ship’s Time.

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The LMT of sunrise on the standard meridian is 0552H. Your Longitude is 99° 15’ E. What is your ZT of sunrise?

TO FIND LZT or ZT if LMT is given:

Long. 99° 15’ E / 15 = 6h 37m = 6h 37m (E) > Long. in Time (λ t) = 7 (E) > > > > ZD LMT sunrise = 0552 λ t = 0637 (E) – ------------------------------------ NOTE: LEG – / GEL + GMT sunrise = 2315 LMT to GMT: E – / W + ZD = 7 (E) + GMT to LZT: E + / W – ------------------------------------ LZT sunrise = 0615

The local mean time of sunset at Long. 73° 30' E is 18h 40m 00s. What is the corresponding local zone time of sunset?

TO FIND LZT or ZT if LMT is given:

Long. 73° 30’ E / 15 = 4h 54m = 4h 54m (E) > Long. in Time(λ t) = 5 (E) > > > > ZD LMT sunset = 18h 40m 00s λ t = 04h 54m 00s (E) – [LEG – ] ------------------------------------ GMT sunset = 13h 46m 00s ZD = 5 (E) + [GEL +] ----------------------------------- LZT sunset = 18h 46m 00s

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The LMT of LAN is 1200H. What will be the zone time of LAN if you

are located in Longitude 120° 30’ W?

TO FIND LZT or ZT if LMT is given: Long. 120° 30’ W / 15 = 08h 02m (W) > Long in Time (λ t) = +8 (W) > > > > ZD LMT LAN = 1200 Λt = 0802 (W) + -------------------------------- GMT LAN = 2002 ZD = 8 (W) - -------------------------------- LZT LAN = 1202

The zone time of LAN is 1152. Your longitude is 73º 15' E. What time would you use to enter the Nautical Almanac to determine the declination of the Sun at LAN?

TO FIND GMT OF LAN:

Long = 73° 15’ E / 15 = 4h 53m > > > ZD = – 5 (E)

LZT LAN = 1152 Note: [ L E G – ] ZD = 5 (E) – LZT to GMT: E - / W + ---------------------------- GMT LAN = 0652

The ZT at Long. 141° 18’ W is 6h 18m 24s. What is the GMT?

TO FIND GMT:

Long = 141° 18’ W / 15 = 9h 25m 12s > > > ZD = + 9 (W)

LZT LAN = 06h 18m 24s Note: [ L E G – ] ZD = 9 (W) + LZT to GMT: E – / W + ------------------------------------- GMT = 15h 18m 24s

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If the Greenwich Hour Angle of the sun at noon of Feb.26 is 356° 23.6’. What is the Equation of Time?

TO FIND EQUATION OF TIME (E.T.):

NOTE: If GHA > 180°, then E.T. = (360° - GHA) / 15

If GHA > 180°, then Mean Sun is Ahead, Apparent Sun is Behind, E.T. +

E.T. = (360° - 356° 23.6’) = 3° 36.4’ / 15 = 00h 14m 26s

The GHA of the sun at 1200 GMT was found in the nautical almanac to be 356° 28.4’. What will be the GMT of the meridian passage?

TO FIND GMT at MERIDIAN PASSAGE:

a.) Find first E.T. as above formula:

b.) Then find GMT of MP as below: GAT = 12h 00m 00s >>> Greenwich Apparent Time E.T. = 00h 14m 06s + > > > (see above problem) ---------------------------------- GMT = 12h 14m 06s >>> Greenwich Mean Time Note: If GHA > 180°, then Mean Sun is Ahead, E.T. + In this problem, GHA = 356° 28.4’ which is more than 180°, therefore, Mean Sun is Ahead and E.T. is +.

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The GHA of the Sun at 1200h GMT was found in the Almanac to be 002° 31.6’. What is the equation of time?

TO FIND EQUATION OF TIME (E.T.): NOTE: If GHA < 180°, then E.T. = GHA / 15 If GHA < 180°, then Mean Sun is Behind, Apparent Sun is Ahead, E.T. – E.T. = 002° 31.6’ / 15 = 10m 06s

The GHA of the Sun at 1200h GMT was found to be 002° 31.6’. What will be the GMT of Meridian Passage if your longitude is at Greenwich?

TO FIND GMT at MERIDIAN PASSAGE (MP):

a.) Find first E.T. as above formula:

b.) Then find GMT of MP as below: GAT = 12h 00m 00s > > > Greenwich Apparent Time E.T. = 00h 10m 06s – > > > ( see above problem ) ------------------------------------- GMT = 11h 49m 54s Note: If GHA < 180°, then Mean Sun is Behind, E.T. – In this problem, GHA = 002° 31.6’ which is less than180°, therefore, Mean Sun is Behind and E.T. is –.

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The GHA Aries is determined as 348° 16.3’, an observer is located at 178° 39.2’ East . The LHA Aries he will use in solving latitude by Polaris is:

TO FIND LHA OF ARIES:

LHA Aries = GHA Aries +/- Long NOTE: G E L + > > > GHA to LHA: E + / W – LHA of Aries = 348° 16.3’ + 178° 39.2’ E = 526° 55.5´ - 360° LHA of Aries = 166° 55.5’

You depart LAT 50º 06’ N, LONG 153º 06’ E and steam 879 miles on course 090º. What is the LONG of arrival?

TO FIND the LONGITUDE of ARRIVAL:

DLO = DEP / Cos LAT LONG departure = 153 °06’ E = 879’ / Cos 50°06’ DLO = 22° 50’ E + = 1,370’ / 60 ------------------------------------------------ DLO = 22° 50’ E LONG arrival = 175° 56’

You depart LAT 25º 54' N, LONG 9º 38' E and steam 592 miles on course 270º. What is the LONG of arrival?

TO FIND the LONGITUDE of ARRIVAL:

DLO = DEP / Cos LAT LONG departure = 009° 38’ E = 592’ / Cos 25° 54’ DLO = 10° 58’ W – = 658’ / 60 -------------------------------------------------- DLO = 10° 58’ W LONG arrival = 001° 20’ W

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TO CONVERT GHA to LONGITUDE: RULE: If GHA > 180°, then Long = 360° – GHA and named East. If GHA < 180°, then Long = GHA and named West.

What is the geographic longitude of a body whose GHA is 232º 27'? Long = 360° - 232° 27’ = 127° 33’ E

What is the geographic longitude of a body whose GHA is 215º 15'?

Long = 360° – 215° 15’ = 144° 45’

What is the longitude of the geographical position of a body whose GHA is 210º 30'?

Long = 360° – 210° 30’ = 149° 30’

TO CONVERT GEOGRAPHIC LONGITUDE to GHA: RULE: If Longitude is ‖E‖ then GHA = 360° – Longitude If Longitude is ―W‖ then GHA = Longitude

A position of the Earth has a longitude of 74º 10' E. Its celestial counterpart would have a ________. GHA = 360° - 74° 10’ = 285° 50’

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At meridian passage, upper transit, the observer’s latitude was found to be 43° 34.7’ N, Dec. is 1° 46.3’ N. Find the observed altitude.

TO FIND OBSERVED ALTITUDE (Ho): Lat. = 43° 34.7’ N Dec. = 1° 46.3’ (N) S – >>> ( always reverse sign; if diff.name – ) ---------------------------- ZD = 41° 48.4’ N – 90° >>> (always – 90° since Ho + ZD = 90°) --------------------------- Ho = 48° 11.6’ N

The distance to the nearest vertex from any point on a great circle track cannot exceed___________.

The maximum distance from the VERTEX to any point on a GREAT CIRCLE TRACK = 5,400 nautical miles > > > 90° x 60

Your vessel is at the equator at midnight on 1 January, and a star is observed rising. At what time will this same star rise on 1 February, assuming your vessel’s location is still at the equator?

1 solar day = 24h 00m 00s 1 sidereal day = 23h 56m 04s --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Difference = 0h 3m 56s < < <Stars rises late daily x 31 days < < < < < Jan.1 to Feb.1 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total Diff. = 2h 01m 56s Midnight Jan.1 = 24h 00m 00s ( – ) ----------------------------------------------------------- The star will rise = 21h 58m 04s on Feb.1

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TO FIND LATITUDE BY MERIDIAN TRANSIT

(UPPER TRANSIT):

What is the latitude of a place where the sun is at the zenith of the observer at local apparent noon of June 21 or 23?

If the Sun is at the Zenith it means that Altitude( Ho) = 90° - 90° --------------- ZD = 0° Declination of the Sun on June 21/23 = 23° 27’ N ------------------------ Lat = 23° 27’ N

What is the latitude of a place where the observer is stepping on his shadow at local apparent noon at March 21 or 23?

NOTE: When the Observer is stepping at his shadow at local apparent noon, this means that the Sun is exactly at the Zenith, therefore, the Ho = 90° and ZD = 0°. ZD = 0° DEC = 0° > > > March 21 or 23 ----------------- LAT = 0° or at the Equator

The sun crosses the upper branch of the celestial meridian of the observer at a position 15º South of his zenith. If the sun’s declination is 15º S. What is the latitude of the observer?

ZD = 15° S DEC = 15° S (N) >>> (reverse sign; if diff.name – ) ------------------------ LAT = 0° or at the Equator

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TO FIND LATITUDE BY MERIDIAN PASSAGE

(LOWER TRANSIT):

NOTE: Lower Transit means Passage at the Lower Branch of the Meridian. Lower Transit can only be observed when a body is a circumpolar body.

A circumpolar body is a celestial body which does not set but remains above the horizon for 24 hours.

LAT = PX + Ho

PX (Polar Distance) = 90° – Declination

RULE: Latitude is named according to the name of Declination.

What is the latitude of a place where the sun is at the horizon at midnight of June 21?

Declination of Sun on June 21 = 23° 27’ N

Polar Distance (PX) June 21 = 66° 33’ N >>> (90° - Dec) Ho at Horizon = 0° ( - ) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- LATITUDE = 66° 33’ N

What is the latitude of a place where the sun is at the horizon at midnight of December 21 or 23?

Declination of Sun on Dec. 21 or 23 = 23° 27’ S

Polar Distance (PX) Dec21/23 = 66° 33’ S >>> (90° - Dec) Ho at Horizon = 0° ( - ) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- LATITUDE = 66° 33’ S

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A ship on course of 253° T at 14 knots. At 2329 a lighthouse was observed bearing 282° T. At 2345 the same lighthouse bears 300° T. What is the ship’s distance off the second bearing? TO FIND DISTANCE BY BOW AND BEAM BEARING: 1. Find first Angles ―A‖, ―B‖ and ―C‖ :

a.)Co = 253° T b.) Co = 253° T c.) Angle B = 47° R Brg1 = 282° T – Brg2 = 300° T – Angle A = 29° R – -------------------------- ------------------------- ------------------------- A = 29° R B = 47° R Angle C = 18° R 2. Then solve for AB (Distance Run Between 1

st & 2

nd Observation)

AB = ( Time 2 – Time 1 ) x Speed = ( 2345 – 2329 ) x 14 knots = 16 minutes x 14 knots AB = 3.73 nautical miles 3. Solve for Distance off at second bearing (BC): (By SINE Law) BC = Sin A x AB / Sin C ―Busy SinA AB at SinCha‖ BC = Sin 29° x 3.73 / Sin 18° BC = 5.9 nautical miles (Distance off at 2

nd bearing)

4. Solve for Distance at Abeam (CD) : (By SOH – CAH – TOA) CD = BC x Sin B ―Si Dee Busy Rin Ba?‖ CD = 5.9 x Sin 47° CD = 4.3 nautical miles ( Distance at Abeam)

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You are on course 138° T. To check the latitude of your

vessel you should observe a celestial body on which

bearing?

( See F1 Book page PF – 17 )

000

You are on course 061° T. To check the longitude of your

vessel you should observe a celestial body on which

bearing?

( See F1 Book page PF – 17 )

090

You are on course 042° T. To check the course of your

vessel you should observe a celestial body on which

bearing?

( See F1 Book page PF – 17 )

132

You are on course 146 T. To check the speed of your

vessel you should observe a celestial body on which

bearing?

( See F1 Book page PF – 17 )

146

If the Greenwich Hour Angle of the sun at noon of

February 26 is 356° 23.’6. What is the Equation of Time?

+ 14m 26s

At a place A, Longitude 175° 10.5’ W, the LMT is

16h02m03s, December 3. Find the LMT and date at place

B, Longitude 32° 08’ W.

01h34m13s, Dec 4

The ZT at place A is 0800. If the longitude of A is 49° 30’

W, find the ZT of place B in longitude 83° 15’ W.

0500

The LMT of sunrise on the standard meridian is 0552H.

Your longitude is 99° 15’ E. What is your ZT of sunrise?

0615

The local mean time of sunset at Long. 73 deg 30' E. is 18h

40m 00s. What is the corresponding local zone time of

sunset?

18h 46m 00s

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The zone time of LAN is 1152. Your longitude is 73º 15' E.

What time would you use to enter the Nautical Almanac

to determine the declination of the Sun at LAN?

0652

The LMT of LAN is 1152. Your longitude is 73deg 15' E.

What time would you used to enter the Nautical Almanac

to determine the declination of the sun at LAN?

0659

The LMT of LAN is 1210. Your longitude is 70º 30' E.

Which time would you use to enter the Nautical Almanac

to determine the declination of the Sun at LAN?

0728

How far and where will the sun be from the zenith of the

observer at noon of June 21 or 23 if the observer is

navigating along the Tropic of Cancer?

0º

What is the angular distance of the sun from the zenith of

the observer at noon of June 21 or 23 if the observer is

navigating along the Tropic of Cancer?

0º

( See F1 Book page NA – 23 )

DATE >>> Sign of Constellation >>> Position of Sun > Declination

March21 >>> First Point of Aries > Vernal Equinox > 0° going North

June21 >>> First Point of Cancer > Summer Solstice > 23°27’North

Sept.23 >>> First Point of Libra > Autumnal Equinox> 0° going South

Dec.22 >>> First Point of Capricorn> Winter Solstice > 23°27’ South

“EQUINOX” = meaning “EQUAL NIGHTS”

There are 2 Equinoxes (Vernal and Autumnal). During these dates,

the Declination of SUN is 0 degrees. Every place on earth has equal length of daytime

and night time.

“SOLSTICE” = meaning “ SUN STAND STILL.”

There are 2 Solstices (Summer and Winter). During these dates, the SUN has

reached its maximum declination 23° 27’ North and South. The length of day time and

night time is not equal. Longer nights are experienced in one place while shorter days

in another or vice versa.

The vernal equinox in the celestial sphere is where the sun

declination is:

0º increasing to

maximum north

The autumnal equinox is the point in the celestial sphere

where the sun declination is___________.

0º increasing to

maximum south

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The Autumnal equinox is the point where the Sun is at: 0° declination going to

southerly declinations

The First point of Aries is the point where the Sun is at: 0° declination going to

northerly declinations

Libra is the point of: autumnal equinox

The declination of the sun was at its maximum what do you

call the position or point on the celestial sphere

Solstice

During the month of October the sun’s declination is: South and increasing

The winter solstice is the position of the sun on or about : Dec. 21

The summer solstice is the position of the sun on or about: June 21

When the sun is at the winter solstice its declination is : south and decreasing to

0º

When the sun is at the summer solstice its declination is

__________.

north and decreasing to

0º

Navigationally, the Vernal Equinox is also the: First Point of Aries

Cancer is the point of: summer solstice

If the declination of the sun is 0º what do you call the

position or point on the celestial sphere?

Equinox

Vernal Equinox is also known as ______. First Point of Aries

When the sun is at summer solstice its declination is: maximum north

During the month of October the Sun’s declination is: south and increasing

One complete turn of the drum of the sextant moves the

index arm _____ along the arc.

1 degree

25

The DGPS provides accuracy within a range of _______. 10 meters

What is the average speed of movement of a hurricane

prior to recurvature?

10 to 12 knots

When using GPS (Global Positioning System) you may

expect your position to be accurate 95% of the time to

within _____.

10 to 20 meters

The GPS provides 95% accuracy within a range of ______. 100 meters

The standard sea level pressure of the atmosphere is _____ 1013.25 millibars of

mercury

A ship sailing eastward crosses the 180th meridian at 1130

ZT of June 6. What is the new zone time and date of

crossing?

11 h 30 m, June 5

On Dec 10, the LMT of LAN is 1151H. What will be the

zone time of LAN if you are located in Longitude 150 deg

00' W?

1151 ZT

The equation of time is 8m 40s, apparent sun is ahead of the

mean sun. If you are on central meridian of your time zone,

what ZT will the apparent sun will cross your meridian?

11-51-20 ZT

A ship is in longitude 137 deg 45' E, clocks keeping ZT.

Find the LMT at 1123 ship's time.

11h 34 m

The sun is the central body of the solar system. It moves in

the direction of Vega at:

12 miles per second

The LMT of LAN is 1200H. What will be the zone of LAN if

you are located in Longitude 120° 30’ W?

1202 ZT

The equation of time is 12m 00s and the mean sun is ahead

of the apparent sun. If you are on the central meridian of

your time zone, at what ZT will the apparent sun cross the

meridian?

1212

26

The equation of time is 8m 00s. The mean Sun is ahead of

the apparent Sun. If you are 2º W of the central meridian of

your time zone, when will the apparent Sun cross your

meridian?

1216

A GPS satellite transmits a signal thru the second carrier

on:

1227.60 MHz

What is the geographic longitude of a body whose GHA is

232º 27'?

127º 33' E

You are on a voyage from Limon, Costa Rica, to Los

Angeles. The distance from pilot to pilot is 3150 miles. The

speed of advance is 14.0 knots. You estimate 24 hours

bunkering at Colon, and 12 hours for the Panama Canal

transit. If you depart at 1836 hours (ZD+6), on 28 January.

What is your ETA (ZD+8) at Los Angeles?

1336, 8 Feb

What is the geographic longitude of a body whose GHA is

215º 15'?

144º 45' E

What is the longitude of the geographical position of a body

whose GHA is 10º 30'?

149º 30' E

The ZT at longitude 141° 18’ W is 6h18m24s What is the

GMT?

15 h18 m 24s

A GPS satellite transmits a signal thru the first carrier on

___.

1575.42 MHz

Of the 57 navigational stars tabulated in the Nautical

Almanac, how many are of the first magnitude?

19

An important lunar cycle affecting the tidal cycle is called

the nodal period. How long is this cycle?

A. 19 years C. 6 years

B. 19 years D. 16 years

19 years

Your vessel is at the equator at midnight on 1 January, and

a star is observed rising. At what time will this same star

rise on 1 February, assuming your vessel location is still at

the equator?

2158

27

If a sound signal is emitted from the oscillator of a

fathometer, and two seconds elapse before the returning

signal is picked up what depth of water is indicated?

24 fathoms

The Master issues a night order in the Night Order Book.

It is valid for:

24-hour period

As radiant energy from the sun arrives at the earth, how

many percent is absorbed by the atmosphere?

19%

As radiant energy from the sun arrives at the earth, how

many percent is absorbed by the surface of the earth?

52%

As radiant energy from the sun arrives at the earth, how

many percent is reflected back into space?

29%

The standard sea level pressure of the atmosphere is _____. 29.92 inches

Speed adjustment on the Master Gyro should be made

within _______ knots.

A. 3 C. 7

B. 5 D. 10

3

When using GPS, how many position lines are required for

a 2D (dimensional) fix?

3

The tabulation data in the Nautical Almanac is for: 3 days

A sidereal day is shorter than a solar day by about _____. 3 mins and 56 secs

The GPS provides 99.99% accuracy within a range of

______.

300 meters

28

The Sun at the maximum declination north would be

approximately at ________________.

“ HELION ” refers to the SUN

AP is Away or Far. PERI is Near

ApHelion is earth Away or Far from the Sun >>> July

PeriHelion is earth Near the Sun >>> January

Aphelion

In each planet’s orbit, the point nearest the sun is called: Perihelion

The visible diameter of the sun as seen from the Earth

during aphelion is_____.

31.5

The visible diameter of the sun as seen from the Earth

during perihelion is _____.

32.6

The Earth is closest to the sun in what month? January

The sun is at Perihelion during month of ______________. January

The sun is closest to the earth in what month? January

The Earth is farthest from the sun in what month? July

The sun is at Aphelion during the month of ________. July

Of the 57 navigational stars tabulated in the Nautical

Almanac, how many are of the second magnitude?

38

When using GPS, how many position lines are required for

a 3D (dimensional) fix that takes into account altitude?

4

The speed of sound in water is approximately ____. 4.5 times its speed in air

29

MAJOR CIRCLES OF EARTH MARKED BY THE PATH OF THE SUN

NORTH POLE ------------------- 90° 00’ N

North Frigid Zone

ARCTIC CIRCLE ------------------ 66° 33’ N

North Temperate Zone

TROPIC OF CANCER ---------------23° 27’ N

North Torrid Zone

EQUATOR -------------------- 0° 00’

South Torrid Zone

TROPIC OF CAPRICORN -----------23° 27’ S

South Temperate Zone

ANTARCTIC CIRCLE ---------------66° 33’ S

South Frigid Zone

SOUTH POLE -------------------- 90° 00’ S

NOTE: There are instances that the Latitude of Tropic of Cancer or Tropic of

Capricorn appears to be 23°26’ N or S.

Everywhere between the parallels of about 23° 26’ North

and 23° 26’ South, the Sun is directly overhead during the

year. This area is called the:

torrid zone

If you are at the Arctic Circle what is your latitude? 66º 33' North

If you are in the Antarctic Circle what is your latitude? 66º 33' South

The tropic of Capricorn marks the southern limit of the : Torrid Zone

The regions between the frigid zones and the torrid zones

are called ______.

temperate zones

The areas inside the polar circles are called ______. frigid zone

The Arctic Circle marks the________________. southern limit of the

north frigid zone

The Tropic of Cancer is a____________. parallel of latitude

The Tropic of Capricorn is a _______________. parallel of latitude

The Arctic Circle marks the ___________________. northern limit of the

north temperate zone

30

The Antarctic circle marks the _________________. northern limit of the

south temperate zone

Places situated in Lat 30° N are within the __________. North Temperate Zone

The tropic of Capricorn marks the _______________. northern limit of the

south temperate zone

What is the difference of latitude between the Antarctic

Circle and the Tropic of Capricorn?

43º 06'

What is the difference of latitude between the Arctic

Circle and the Tropic of Cancer?

43º 06'

How far in angular distance is the Arctic Circle from the

North Pole?

23º 27'

What is the angular distance of the sun from the zenith of

the observer at noon of December 21 or 23 if the observer is

navigating along the Tropic of Cancer?

46º 54'

How far and where will the sun be from the zenith of the

observer at noon of December 21 or 23 if the observer is

navigating along the Tropic of Cancer?

46º 54' South of the

observer

What is the angular distance of the sun from the zenith of

the observer at noon of March 21 or 23 when the observer

is navigating along the Arctic Circle?

66º 33'

How far and where will the sun be from the zenith of

observer at noon of March 21 or 23 when the observer is

navigating along the Arctic Circle?

66º 33' South of the

observer

How far (in angular distance) is the Arctic Circle from the

North Pole?

23º 26'

Following a ship routing system, an initial route

recommendation is issued to a ship:

48 to 72 hours prior to

sailing

Which belt of latitude do tropical cyclones form?

A. 5 to 15 degrees C. 15 to 30 degrees

B. 30 to 45 degrees D. 45 to 60 degrees

5 to 15 degrees

31

NAVTEX operates in a medium frequency of _____. 518 kHz

The inclination of the plane of the moon orbit with the

plane of the ecliptic is about______.

5º

What is the bearing in points that is used to determine the

vortex of a low pressure area when the atmospheric

pressure is 20 hPa below the mean pressure?

8 points

The sun’s diameter is about: 866,000 miles

Tables of tidal stream information are given for certain

reference denoted by:

A. a diamond shape with a letter inside

B. dotted circle with a plus sign inside

C. an arrow indicating rate of flood

D. a circle with an arrow inside

a diamond shape with a

letter inside

Which weather change accompanies the passage of a cold

front in the Northern Hemisphere?

A line of

cumulonimbus clouds

Which instrument is the most useful in forecasting fog?

NOTE: “PSYCHROMETER” is an instrument used to

find relative humidity. It is a combined Dry Bulb and Wet

Bulb Thermometer.

a sling psychrometer

What is a parallel of declination? A small circle on the

celestial sphere parallel

to the celestial equator

On a weather map, warm fronts are drawn as _________. a solid red line

On a weather map, warm fronts are drawn as _________. a solid red line with half

circles

A steady precipitation is typical of:

A. a warm front weather condition

B. high pressure conditions

C. coming cold weather conditions

D. scattered cumulus clouds

a warm front weather

condition

32

With respect to failure warnings and status indications,

GPS receivers should provide, at a minimum, _____.

a warning of loss of

position

The maximum difference between mean time and

apparent time is_______________.

about 16 minutes

All echo-sounders can measure the _____. actual depth of water

below keel

What should you apply to a fathometer reading to

determine the depth of water?

Add the draft of the

vessel

______________ is a recommendation for slowing or

increasing the ship’s speed as much as practicable intended

to avoid or limit the effect of adverse weather conditions.

adjustment of SOA

This is a fog resulting primarily from the movement of

warm, humid air over a cold surface, or the movement of

very cold air over a relatively warm water surface.

advection fog

Lines on the magnetic chart where the variation is zero

wherein the magnetic meridian and the true meridian

coincides are called _______.

A. agonic lines

B. lines of equal magnetic force

C. lines of equal dip

D. lines of equal magnetism

NOTE: Zero Variation >>> Agonic

Equal Variation >>> ISOgonic

Zero Magnetic Dip >>> Aclinic

Equal Magnetic Dip >>> ISOclinic

Zero = with prefix “A”

Equal = with prefix “ISO”

agonic lines

As the South Equatorial Current approaches the east coast

of Africa, it divides with the main part flowing south to form

the warm _______.

A. Agulhas Current C. Benguela Current

B. Canary Current D. Sahara Current

Agulhas Current

33

Storms that enter the Great Lakes Basin from the west and

northwest in October are the products of pressure systems

known as _______.

A. Alberta Lows C. Westerners

B. Fata Morgana D. Polar Highs

Alberta Lows

Physical checks of gyro, azimuth circle and pelorus are the

following EXCEPT:

alignment of the compass

north to the fore and aft

line of the ship

Mean low water is the average height of _______.

A. all low waters

B. high waters and low waters

C. the surface of the sea

D. the lower of the two daily tides

NOTE: The other word for “MEAN” is Average.

all low waters

Which characteristic is common to advection fog? all of the above

A Planning Guide contains information about countries

adjacent to applicable ocean basic. It covers:

all of these

Celestial bodies can be identified by: all of these

Each NAVTEX message contains ______. all of these

GPS consists the segment/s: all of these

Induced magnetism varies with the _____. all of these

Major category/ies of NAVTEX is/are: all of these

The Nautical Almanac contains: all of these

The Night Order Book consists which of the following? all of these

The Night Order Book includes: all of these

The use of a marine sextant is/are: all of these

34

There is/are type/s of accuracy in Loran. This/these is/are: all of these

To make a physical check on the compass and binnacle, one

must check _____.

all of these

Tropical warning services have the principal function/s: all of these

What is TRUE about a front? All of these

When making a voyage planning, a Master should: all of these

When planning and conducting a voyage, the navigator uses

many information sources. Such information include:

all of these

Which component/s comprise/s Loran C? all of these

Which is entered in the Sight Reduction Tables to compute

the altitude and azimuth?

all of these

Which is the minimum chart preparation required for an

ocean or coastal transit?

all of these

Which of the following does a typical binnacle hold? all of these

Which of the following is a non-adjustable sextant error? all of these

Which of the following is adjustable sextant error? all of these

Which of the following is TRUE? All of these

With respect to failure warnings and status indications,

GPS receivers should provide, at a minimum, ____.

all of these

Air circulation is caused or affected by ______. all of these causes are

correct

Which characteristic is common to advection fog? all of these

characteristics are

correct

35

Fog is formed when _________. all of these conditions are

correct

On a weather map, a stationary front is represented as : alternating red and blue

lines with half circles and

triangles

An azimuth determined by solution of the navigational

triangle with altitude, declination and latitude, it is called :

altitude azimuth

A body at the observer’s zenith will have a/an ____. Altitude of 90°

The error in refraction increases as the _______.

A. altitude of the body decreases

B. humidity decreases

C. horizontal parallax decreases

D. observer’s eye increases

altitude of the body

decreases

The intercepted arc of a vertical circle between the celestial

horizon and the almucantar is called the _____.

Altitude of the celestial

body

When the azimuth is measured from east or west and

labeled accordingly, it is called:

amplitude

With respect to failure warnings and status indications,

GPS receivers should provide, at a minimum, _____.

an alarm if a new

position has not been

calculated within the last

two seconds

Which condition exists in the eye of a hurricane? An extremely low

barometric pressure

This is the angle, which the wind makes with the isobars. angle of indraught

The magnetic flux lines enter the surface of the earth at

different angles to the horizontal, at different magnetic

Latitudes. This angle is called ______.

angle of magnetic dip

When a body has crossed the observer’s meridian, this is

called:

any of these

36

When the moon is at apogee, _______ occurs.

A. apogean tide C. lagging tide

B. priming tide D. semi-diurnal range

apogean tide

In a moon’s orbit, the point farthest from the sun is called:

NOTE: “GEE” also refers to the MOON.

APO means Away or Far

PERI means Near

apogee

The GHA tabulated in the Nautical Almanac is for the:

A. apparent sun C. true sun

B. mean sun D. mean and apparent sun

apparent sun

When the time is based on the movement of the visible Sun

along the ecliptic the time is known as __________.

apparent time

______ is the vector sum of the true wind and the reciprocal

of the vessel’s course and speed vector.

apparent wind

The velocity of a rotary tidal current will be decreased

when the Moon is______________.

at apogee

The planet Mars will not be visible___________. at or near conjunction

The Moon appears larger in diameter at the zenith than

when near the horizon. What is this called?

Augmentation

Luminous phenomena due to electrical charges in the

atmosphere is called _______.

A. aurora C. aureole

B. corona borealis D. corona

NOTE: “AURORA” means Light

BOREALIS refers to North

AUSTRALIS refers to South

Hence, Aurora Borealis is Northern Light

Aurora Australis is Southern Light

Aurora

37

The southern lights are also called _______.

A. Aurora Australis C. Aurora

B. Aurora Borealis D. Corona

Aurora Australis

Northern lights are also called _______.

A. aurora borealis C. aurora australis

B. corona D. aurora

aurora borealis

The horizontal direction of a celestial point from a

terrestrial point expressed as the angular distance from a

reference direction is called ______

Azimuth

In weather analysis, the approach of a storm is through

observation of wind, waves, swell and the ______.

atmospheric pressure

The intercepted arc of the horizon between the principal

vertical circle and the vertical circle passing through the

body when rising or setting is called_____.

azimuth

When the azimuth is measured from north or south and

labeled accordingly, it is called:

azimuth angle

This is a deviation error caused by the miscalculation of

azimuth or by physical misalignments rather than magnetic

effects of soft iron.

A error

______ results from both the fore-and-aft permanent

magnetic field across the compass.

B error

_____ results from the athwartship permanent magnetic

field across the compass.

C error

This error is due only to induction in the symmetrical

arrangements of horizontal soft iron.

D error

This error is caused by induction in the unsymmetrical

arrangements of horizontal soft iron.

E error

38

Waves reflected from obstruction, running seaward are

called _______.

A. backwash C. barrier wave

B. surf D. bluff

Backwash

A wedge of water building up between the bow and nearer

bank which forces the bow out and away describes:

A. bank cushion C. combined effect

B. bank suction D. bend effect

bank cushion

The inner cloud bands in a hurricane viewed from a distance

from a mass of dense black cumulonimbus clouds is called

the:

A. bar of the storm C. funnel

B. eye of the storm D. tower of the storm

bar of the storm

_______ is a local strong wind carrying damp snow or sleet

and spray that freezes upon contact with objects.

A. barber C. katabatic wind

B. abroholos D. anabatic wind

Barber

Ice without snow cover is called _______.

A. bare C. shiny

B. plain D. slip

Bare

Atmospheric pressure is measured by a _____. Barometer

What do the numbers on isobars indicate? barometric pressure

The evening twilight commences _____. before sunset

Very Low Frequencies used by Omega is ______. Between 10 to 14 kHz.

This is the current which generally flow northward along the

west coast of Africa.

A. Benguela current C. Brazilian current

B. African current D. North Atlantic current

Benguela current

39

______ consist of innumerable tiny droplets of water, or

ice crystals formed by condensation of water vapor

around microscopic particles in the air.

TYPES OF CLOUD AND ITS ALTITUDE:

1. High Clouds ---------------- Above 20,000 Feet

(All Clouds with “CIRRUS” Ex. Cirrus,

Cirrocumulus and Cirrostratus)

2. Middle Clouds ---- Between 6,500 and 20,000 Feet

(All Clouds with “ALTO” Ex. Altocumulus and

Altostratus)

3. Low Clouds ------------------ Below 6,500 Feet

(Any other Cloud without “Cirrus or Alto” Ex. Cumulus,

Stratus, Stratocumulus, Nimbostratus, Cumulonimbus)

( See F1 Book page METEO – 3 and METEO – 4 )

Clouds

High clouds have a mean lower level above ______. 20,000 ft

Middle clouds have a mean level ______. between 6,500 ft and

20,000 ft

Low clouds have a mean level of less than ______. 6,500 ft

Cirrus and cirrostratus belong to the ______ high clouds

Altocumulus and altostratus belong to the _____. middle clouds

Cumulus and cumulonimbus belong to the _____. low clouds

High clouds, composed of small white flakes or scaly

globular masses, and often banded together to form a

“mackerel sky”, would be classified as ________.

A. cirrus

B. cirrocumulus

C. altocumulus

D. cumulonimbus

Cirrocumulus

40

The form of cloud often known as “mackerel sky” which is

generally associated with fair weather is ________.

A. nimbostratus

B. stratus

C. cirrocumulus

D. cumulonimbus

Cirrocumulus

The thin, whitish, high clouds composed of ice crystals,

popularly known as “mare’s tails” are ________.

A. cirrostratus

B. cirrocumulus

C. cumulonimbus

D. nimbostratus

Cirrostratus

Which cloud commonly produces a halo about the Sun or

Moon?

A. Cirrostratus

B. Cirrocumulus

C. Altostratus

D. Altocumulus

Cirrostratus

Clouds commonly produce a halo form, thin and whitish

high clouds:

A. Altostratus

B. Altocumulus

C. Cirrocumulus

D. Cirrostratus

Cirrostratus

From those listed, which is the highest cloud?

A. Altocumulus

B. Cirrus

C. Stratus

D. Cumulus

Cirrus

A cloud of marked vertical development (often anvil-

shaped) would be classified as ________.

A. cirrus

B. cirrocumulus

C. altocumulus

D. cumulonimbus

Cumulonimbus

41

Towering Clouds Cumulonimbus

What are the typical thunder shower clouds that appears

in great masses in the form of mountains or towers?

A. Cumulonimbus

B. Nimbostratus

C. Nimbus

D. Cumulus

Cumulonimbus

Thunder clouds Cumulonimbus

The tabulated times of sunrise, sunset, moonrise and

moonset are based:

between latitudes 72

degrees North and 60

degrees South

Kuroshio current is also known as:

A. Black Stream C. Tsushima Current

B. Tsurumi Current D. Tsunami Current

Black Stream

What is the term used to identify the violent intense cold

wind laden with snow mostly or entirely picked up from the

ground?

blizzard

By Convention, the earth’s north magnetic pole is colored:

A. blue C. red

B. black D. green

NOTE: North Pole South Pole

MAGNET Red Blue

EARTH Blue Red

Just Remember: MAGNET – North - Red

( See F1 Book page MC – 3)

Blue

By convention, the south seeking ends of a compass

magnets are colored _______.

A. blue C. white

B. red D. black

Blue

42

On weather maps, cold front is colored:

A. blue C. purple

B. red D. green

Blue

When a light is first seen on the horizon it will disappear

again if the eye is immediately lowered several feet. When

the eye is raised is immediately lowered several feet.

When the eye is raised to its former height the light will

again be visible. This process is called:

bobbing a light

When an observer sees a light and reduces his height, the

light disappears; when the observer goes to his original

height, the light appears. This is called:

bobbing a light

In some river mouths and estuaries the incoming high-tide

wave crest overtakes the preceding low-tide trough. This

results in a wall of water proceeding upstream, and is

called a _______.

A. bore C. boundary wave

B. seiche D. surge

Bore

This is high tide wave that abruptly move up to the river of

peculiar configuration or location and may present hazards

to shipping.

A. bore C. boggies

B. eddies D. backwash

Bore

In shallow water, waves too steep to be stable, causing the

crests to move forward faster than the rest of the wave are

called:

A. breakers C. white caps

B. rollers D. surfers

Breakers

The northeast monsoon in the Philippines is called _______.

A. Briza C. Bora

B. Habagat D. Buru

Briza

This is a relatively cold current flowing along the northwest

coast of Africa.

A. Canary current C. Ahlean current

B. Morrocan current D. African current

Canary current

43

The azimuth of the sun is best taken at the: center of the sun

What publication contains information regarding the

dangers to navigation in the English Channel?

Channel Pilot Guide

Which Chapter of the Planning Guide describes

recommended steamship routes?

Chapter 4

A conventional representation usually on a plane surface

of all or part of the physical features of the earth surface

intended primarily for navigation is called ______.

chart

All depths indicated on charts are reckoned from some

selected levels of the water called______.

chart sounding datum

This term refers to a heavenly body which has two meridian

passages one above and one below the elevated pole.

circumpolar

A convenient way of keeping a record of updated latest

correction of chart is:

Chart/Publication

Correction Record Card

System

The average long term meteorological condition of a place

or region is called _____.

climate

WIND CIRCULATION:

“ NLCC” >>> N.H. > L.P. > Counter Clockwise

N.H. > H.P. > Clockwise

S.H. > L.P. > Clockwise

S.H. > H.P. > Counter Clockwise

Low Pressure (L.P.) > Inward

High Pressure (H.P.) > Outward

44

The circulation around a Low Pressure (L.P.) center in the

Northern Hemisphere (N.H.) is:

A. Counterclockwise

B. Variable

C. Clockwise

D. Anticyclone

Counterclockwise

The wind circulation around a high pressure center in the

northern hemisphere is:

A. clockwise moving outward from high

B. counterclockwise and moving outward from the high

C. clockwise and moving towards the high

D. counterclockwise and moving towards the high

clockwise moving

outward from high

The wind circulation around a low pressure area in the

Northern Hemisphere is:

A. clockwise outward C. counterclockwise inward

B. clockwise inward D. counterclockwise outward

Counter clockwise and

inward

The flow of air around an anticyclone in the Southern

Hemisphere is:

A. clockwise and outward

C. counterclockwise and inward

B. clockwise and inward

D. counterclockwise and outward

Counter clockwise and

outward

What is the wind circulation around a high pressure center

in the N. hemisphere?

A. Counterclockwise and moving outwards from the high

B. Counterclockwise and moving outward from high

C. Clockwise and moving outwards from the high

D. Clockwise and moving towards from the high

Clockwise and moving

outwards from the high

The wind circulation around a high pressure area in the

Southern Hemisphere is:

A. counterclockwise outward C. clockwise outward

B. counterclockwise inward D. clockwise inward

counterclockwise

outward

In the Northern Hemisphere, an area of counterclockwise

wind circulation surrounded by higher pressure is a:

A. Low pressure C. Warm front

B. High pressure D. Cold front

Low pressure

45

The dense black cumulonimbus clouds surrounding the eye

of a hurricane are called:

cloud walls

The inter tropical convergence zone is generally associated

with _______.

A. cloudy skies and showers

B. very hot and dry weather

C. clear skies and sunny weather

D. windy and humid air

cloudy skies and showers

The radius of the almucantar is equal to the ______. co-altitude

Chart intended for inshore coastwise navigation where the

course may lie inside outlying reefs and shoals, for

entering and leaving harbours is called _______.

coast chart

You are entering a harbor for the first time which of the

publications would

Coast pilot

The Sailing Directions (Planning Guide) contain

information on all of

Coastal features

The Sailing Directions Planning Guide contains information

on all of the following EXCEPT:

Coastal features

_______ is a relatively low pressure neck between two

cyclones.

A. col C. wedge

B. through D. ridge

Col

In the Celestial Equator System of coordinates, when the

body’s diurnal circle coincides with the celestial equator,

the altitude during upper transit will be equal to the:

co-Latitude

The value of the intercepted arc of a meridian between the

elevated pole and the observer’s zenith is known as ____.

co-Latitude

On weather maps, blue color indicates:

A. cold front C. occluded front

B. warm front D. stationary front

cold front

46

In the northern hemisphere, winds veering sharply to the

west or northwest with increasing velocity are indications

that a:

cold front has passed

An occluded front is usually caused by a ______. cold front overtaking a

warm front

On a weather map, the half circles in a stationary front are

pointing towards _____.

colder air

______ refers to any change of permanent magnet or soft

iron correctors to reduce normal compass errors.

compass adjustment

Deviation is eliminated as nearly as practicable by:

A. compass adjustment C. compass weighing

B. degaussing D. compass compensation

compass adjustment

The method used when finding the compass error when the

compass bearing of a body is observed at the moment of

rising or setting?

A. Compass error by amplitude

B. Compass error by azimuth angle

C. Compass error by azimuth

D. Compass error by true bearing

Compass error by

amplitude

The ratio expressed in tenths describing the mean areal

density of ice in a given area is called _______.

A. concentration C. ablation

B. okta D. accumulation

Concentration

Which of the following statements is TRUE? consult the chart for

the location and light

characteristics of all

navigational aids;

consult the Light Lists

for their detailed

description

Which type of GPS receiver has at least four channels to

process information from several satellites simultaneously?

Continuous

47

Ascending and descending air masses with different

temperature is part of an important heat transmitting

process in our atmosphere called ________.

Convection

______ diverts the air from a direct path between high and

low pressure areas.

Coriolis force

_______ are colored rings around the sun or moon covered

by a thin cloud.

A. corona C. aureole

B. halo D. aurora borealis

Corona

When the sun or moon is seen through altostratus clouds

and appears surrounded by a glow of light, this glow is

called:

A. corona C. halo

B. aurora D. parantiselene

Corona

The relative motion line, when extended past the

represented position of the observer’s ship, shows:

CPA

What type of cloud formation would you expect to see to the

west of an approaching tropical wave?

cumulus cloud lined up

in rows extending in a

northeast to southwest

direction

It is the atmosphere in the vicinity of a low pressure area. cyclone

This is an outside force from the center of high or low

pressure:

A. cyclostrophic forces C. pressure gradient force

B. geostrophic force D. coriolis force

cyclostrophic forces

A good chart can be distinguished from indifferent one by:

A. date of correction C. its edition

B. date of printing D. date of survey

date of correction

All of the following arcs or angles can be measured in the

Horizon system of coordinates EXCEPT ______.

Declination

48

The angular distance measured along the hour circle to the

diurnal circle of the celestial point is known as:

Declination of the point

Which of the following conditions does not indicate an

approaching tropical storm?

A. Decrease in wind velocity

B. Cirrus clouds

C. Halos about the sun or moon

D. Long, high swells

Decrease in wind velocity

Satellites are located within the confines of:

A. deep space C. the inner space

B. the outer space D. the universe

deep space

Which star is at the head of the Northern Cross? Deneb

The distance between any two meridians measured along

a parallel of latitude and expressed in miles is the

_______.

Departure

This is the celestial pole below the horizon of opposite

name of the latitude.

depressed pole

The recording fathometer produces a graphic record of the: depth underneath the

keel against a time base

The primary use of apparent time in marine navigation is

to________.

determine the time of

meridian transit

The angle between the magnetic meridian and the axis of a

compass card expressed in degrees east or west to indicate

to indicate which direction is the compass card offset from

the magnetic north is called ______.

deviation

What is the most elusive factor of a magnetic compass

which change with every direction given to the ships

heading?

Deviation

The highest level of commercial navigational accuracy is

provided by________.

DGPS, within a coverage

area

49

The height of the tide is the _______.

A. difference between the depth of the water and area’s tidal

datum

B. depth of water at specific time due to tidal effect

C. difference between the depth of the water and high water

tidal level

D. difference between the depth of the water at high tide and

the depth of the water at low tide

≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈ (c ) Level of water

(b) to ( c ) = ( e ) Height of Tide

___________________ (b) Tidal Datum or Chart Datum

( a) to (b) = ( d) Charted Depth

================== (a) Sea bed or bottom

( See F1 Book page TC – 4 )

difference between the

depth of the water and

area’s tidal datum

The range of the tide is the _______.

A. difference between the heights of high and low tide

B. distance the tide moves out from the shore

C. duration of time between high and low tide

D. maximum depth of the water at high tide

≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈ (b) High Water or High Tide

( a ) to ( b ) = Range of Tide

≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈ (a) Low Water or Low Tide

difference between the

heights of high and low

tide

The distance between the surface of the water and the tidal

datum is the:

A. height of tide C. range of tide

B. chartered depth D. actual water depth

height of tide

50

What is the definition of height of tide?

A. The vertical distance from tidal datum to the level

B. The vertical difference between the heights of low and

high water

C. The vertical difference between a datum plane and the

ocean bottom

D. The vertical distance from the surface of the water to

the ocean floor

The vertical distance

from tidal datum to the

level

“Stand” of the tide is that time when _______.

A. the vertical rise or fall of the tide has stopped

B. slack water occurs

C. tidal current is at a maximum

D. the actual depth of the water equals the chartered depth

the vertical rise or fall of

the tide has stopped

Pressure Gradient is a _______________. difference in pressure

in unit distance

measured at right

angles to the isobars

In a _______ mode of Omega, the receiver measures the

distance between it and two or more transmitting stations

to determine lines of position.

direct range

What will cause a variable error in the gyro? Dirty mercury and

points

Swell is the rise and fall of the ocean’s surface due to:

A. distant winds C. fetch

B. local storms D. the pull of the Moon

distant winds

______ is an underway adjustment in track and is intended

to avoid or limit the effect of adverse weather conditions.

diversion

A belt of low pressure at the earth’s surface near the

equator is called _____.

Doldrums

The diurnal pressure variation is most noticeable in the

_____.

doldrums

51

Where is the diurnal pressure variation most noticeable?

A. Doldrums C. Polar regions

B. Horse latitude D. Roaring forties

Doldrums

During the middle of the high water period, there is often

slight fall, the effect of which is to create a longer period of

stand at high water and is called:

A. double high water tide C. perigean tide

B. apogean tide D. bore

double high water tide

Which of the following will act to dissipate fog? Downslope motion of an

air mass along a coast

One of the two stars pointing to Polaris in the Ursa Major

is:

Dubhe

In the orthographic projection of the horizon system of

coordinates, when the body rises to the left of the Prime

Vertical (PV), the amplitude is named _____.

E: N

In the orthographic projection of the horizon system of

coordinates, when the body rises to the right of the Prime

Vertical (PV), the amplitude is named:

E: S

What are the relative positions of the Sun, the Earth, and a

planet when the planet is at opposition?

A. Earth is between the Sun and the Planet

B. Sun is between the Earth and the Planet

C. Planet is between the Earth and the Sun

D. The Planet, the Sun and the Earth are not in line

Earth is between the Sun

and the Planet

The movement of water away from shore or downstream is

called a(n):

A. ebb current C. flood current

B. reversing current D. slack current

ebb current

When using a recording depth finder in the open ocean,

what phenomena is most likely to produce a continuous

trace that may not be from the actual ocean bottom?

Echoes from a deep

scattering layer

The path of the sun appears to take among the stars due to

the annual revolution of the earth in its orbit is called:

ecliptic

52

At meridian passage, the bearing of the body will be: either North or South

The difference between local apparent time (LAT) and local

mean time (LMT) is indicated by the_______.

equation of time

The sun crosses the upper branch of the celestial meridian

of the observer at a position 15º South of his zenith. If the

sun declination is 15º S. What is the latitude of the

observer?

Equator

The hour circle that passes through the First Point of

Aries is known as the _______________.

Equinoctial Colure

The points of intersection of the ecliptic and the celestial

equator are called_______.

Equinoxes

A cloudy patch of matter in the heavens outside the galaxy

is called _____.

Extragalactic nebula

Frost smoke will occur when ___________. extremely cold air from

shore passes over

warmer water

The cumulonimbus cloud which is dense and dark

surrounding the typhoon is called _______.

A. eye C. spiral bands

B. cyclonic spiral D. funnel clouds

Eye

On the approach of a warm front, barometric pressure

usually ______.

falls

A tropical wave is located 200 miles due west of your

position, which is north of the equator. Where will the

wave be located 24 hours later?

farther away to the

west

Ice which is attached to the ground is called ________.

A. fast ice C. icelands

B. ground ice D. growler

fast ice

The speed of sound through ocean water is nearly always

____.

faster than the speed of

calibration for the

fathometer

53

Squall lines with an almost unbroken line of threatening

black clouds and sharp changes in wind direction, generally

a/an __________.

fast-moving cold front

_______ is the identification of complex mirage due to

objects generally magnified and distorted.

A. fata morgana C. inferior mirage

B. spectrum mirage D. superior mirage

fata morgana

This is a complex mirage characterized by marked

distortion on objects, magnified and at times, even

multiplied generally in the vertical and even appeared

towering.

fata morgana

The original date of issue of a new chart is shown on top

center margin written with ______.

first edition

The sidereal day begins when the___________. first point of Aries is

over the upper branch of

the reference meridian

In the Horizon system of coordinates, the arc of the horizon

measured from the East point of the horizon in a direction

towards the Principal Vertical circle through the North

Celestial Pole will give an amplitude in which quadrant?

First Quadrant

In the Horizon System of coordinates, the arc of the horizon

measured from the West point of the horizon in a direction

towards the Principal Vertical circle through the North

Celestial Pole will give an amplitude in which quadrant?

Fourth Quadrant

What is the phase of the moon when it rises about noon and

sets about midnight?

First quarter

What describes an accurate position that is NOT based on

any prior position?

fix

When adjusting a compass with induced magnetism in

vertical soft iron, which corrects this coefficient of the

deviation?

A. Flinder’s bar C. heeling magnet

B. quadrantal spheres D. bar magnets in the binnacle

Flinder’s bar

54

What kind of component is Parameter P?

A. fore and aft component C. vertical component

B. athwartship component D. horizontal component

fore and aft component

Which can be set while the vessel is heading magnetic east

or west?

A. fore and aft magnets C. heeling magnet

B. quadrantal spheres D. athwartship magnets

fore and aft magnets

The largest waves or swells created by a typhoon or

hurricane will be located:

forward and to the right

of its course

Which theoretical minimum number of measurements from

satellites does a GPS receiver need in order to provide an

exact three-dimensional position?

Four

A boundary between two masses is a _______________. front

This is the resultant of the commencement of the air when it

forces its way to the cold air.

A. frontal depression C. quasi-frontal

B. occluded front D. cyclonic front

frontal depression

What would occur when an extremely cold air from shore

passes over warmer water?

A. frost smoke C. convection fog

B. advection fog D. ground fog

frost smoke

The moon is rising while sun is setting. What is the

approximate phase of the moon?

Full moon

What is the phase of the moon when it rises about sunset? full moon

When the moon is at opposition, the phase of the moon is: Full moon

The moon will wane from____________. Full Moon to Last

Quarter

55

Which is TRUE about Light Lists? furnishes complete

information about

navigation lights and

other navigational aids

A cloudy patch of matter in the heavens within the galaxy

of which the sun is a part is called:

Galactic Nebula

A vast collection cluster of stars and clouds of gas is called: Galaxy

Milky Way is a term associated with___________. Galaxy

Chart intended for coastwise navigation outside of

outlying reefs and shoals is called______.

general chart

Dashed lines in TSS, precautionary areas, two-way routes

and deep water routes are _______.

A. general maritime limits

B. limits of precautionary area

C. limits of fishing area

D. limits of recommended route

general maritime limits

The difference in apparent position as observed from the

surface of the Earth and the center of the Earth is ______.

Geocentric Parallax

If the surface of the spheroid is altered so as to be

everywhere perpendicular to the direction of gravity, the

Earth is considered a/an _____.

geoid

You plot a fix using three lines of position and find they

intersect in a triangle. The actual position of the vessel is

the :

geometric center of the

triangle

If the isobars are straight, the wind blowing is called : geostrophic wind

If the isobars are curve, the wind blowing is called : gradient wind

A position of the Earth has a longitude of 74º 10' E. Its

celestial counterpart would have a ________.

GHA of 285º 50'

56

What part of the gyro compass is use to support the

gyroscope in such a manner that it remains horizontal even

when the support is tilted?

A. Gimbals C. South component

B. East component D. West component

Gimbals

The proximity of pack ice may be indicated by _______.

A. glare on clouds on the horizon

B. changes in seawater salinity

C. changes in air temperature

D. cooling of sea water

glare on clouds on the

horizon

GPS means ________. Global Positioning

System

Meridian Passage as tabulated in the Nautical Almanac is

given in _______.

GMT

A projection where points on the earth are transferred

directly to a plane and the origin of the projecting rays is

the center of the earth is called _______.

gnomonic

Which statement is TRUE with respect to ship handling in

ice?

A. go astern with extreme care with rudder amidships

B. never go astern because it might damage the propeller

C. approach ice at moderate speed to reduce impact

D. navigate in zigzag to crack the ice

go astern with extreme

care with rudder

amidships

A low HDOP (Horizontal Dilution of Precision) number

such as 2 indicates a ____.

good fix

A tropical wave is usually preceded by _________. good weather

Often expressed in time units, it is the arc between the hour

circle of the apparent sun and the lower branch of the

Greenwich meridian.

Greenwich Apparent

Time

The geographical position (GP) of a celestial body is

determined from its declination and the _______.

A. Greenwich Hour Angle C. right ascension

B. sidereal hour angle D. observe altitude

Greenwich Hour Angle

57

A strong northeast wind of the central Mediterranean is

called _______.

A. Gregale C. Scirocco

B. Mistral D. Harmattan

KEY WORD: Centrale >>> Gregale

Gregale

The error in a compass which indicates the direction in

which the axis of the compass is offset from true north is the

____.

gyro error

A compass which is north-seeking depends upon

gyroscopic inertia, gyroscopic precession, the earth’s

rotation, and gravity is ______.

gyrocompass

An automatic device for steering a vessel by means of

control signals received from a gyro compass is called

_____.

gyropilot

A rapidly rotating mass free to move about one or both

axes perpendicular to the axis of rotation and to each

other is called ______.

gyroscope

The horizontal rotation of the spin axis of a gyroscope

about the vertical axis is called:

gyroscopic drift

The property of a gyroscope of resisting any force which

tends to change its axis of rotation is called _____.

gyroscopic inertia

One of the stars pointing to the Southern Cross is the: Hadar

The full moon nearest the autumnal equinox is

called____________.

Harvest moon

The typhoon track is the line which a typhoon _______.

A. has already passed C. will definitely pass

B. is forecasted to pass D. has stayed stationary

has already passed

58

Spring tides are tides that _______.

A. have lows lower than normal highs higher than normal

B. have lows higher than normal and highs lower than normal

C. are unpredictable

D. occur in the spring of the year

have lows lower than

normal highs higher

than normal

Deviation changes with a change in _______.

A. heading C. longitude

B. latitude D. sea conditions

Heading

The compass deviation changes as the vessel changes :

A. heading C. geographical position

B. speed D. longitude

Heading

The vessel’s direction pointed at anytime is called _______.

A. heading C. trackline

B. course D. course over ground

Heading

What kind of weather would you expect to accompany the

passage of a tropical wave?

heavy rain and

cloudiness

This is a permanent magnet placed vertically in a tube

under the center of the magnetic compass:

A. heeling magnet C. fore and aft magnet

B. athwartship magnet D. flinders bar

heeling magnet

_______ is a compass corrector that cannot be et on a

heading of magnetic east or west.

A. heeling magnets C. Flinder’s bar

B. fore and aft tray D. fore and aft magnets

heeling magnets

Geographical range of a light depends upon the? height of both the light

and the observer

The difference in apparent position as viewed from the

Earth and the sun is known as _____.

Heliocentric parallax

The first indications a mariner will have of the approach of

a warm front will be:

high cirrus clouds

gradually changing to

cirrostratus and then to

altostratus

59

Conditions for crossing a bar would be best at:

A. high water slack C. low water slack

B. high water ebb D. low water ebb

high water slack

When the pressure gradient is closely spaced, it means that

you expect to encounter:

A. high winds C. calm and smooth weather

B. overcast skies D. fog or heavy rainfall

high winds

When navigating using GPS, what is an indicator of the

geometry of the satellites that your receiver is locked

onto?

Horizontal Dilution of

Precision

Current refers to the _______.

A. horizontal movement of the water

B. vertical movement of the water

C. density changes in the water

D. none of these

horizontal movement of

the water

What describes an ebb current?

A. Horizontal movement of the water away from the land

following high tide

B. Horizontal movement of the water away from the land

following low tide

C. Horizontal movement of the water toward the land

following the low tide

D. Horizontal movement of the water toward the land

following the high tide

Horizontal movement of

the water away from the

land following high tide

The diurnal pressure variation is commonly observed on

the area of:

horse latitude

Along the pole ward side of each trade wind belt and

approximately with the belt of high pressure in each

hemisphere is a region with weak pressure gradients and

correspondingly with light, variable winds. These winds

are called the ______.

horse latitudes

The area of high pressure with weak pressure gradients and

light variable winds on the pole side of the trade wind belt is

called _______.

A. horse latitudes C. doldrums

B. geostropic winds D. prevailing westerlies

horse latitudes

60

The region of calms and variable winds coinciding with the

subtropical high pressure belts on the pole ward side is

called _______.

A. horse latitudes C. doldrums

B. polar belt D. polar region

horse latitudes

The region of high pressure extending around the earth is

called _______.

A. horse latitudes C. troposphere

B. prevailing westerlies D. doldrums

horse latitudes

What kind of conditions would your observe as the eye of a

storm passes over your vessel’s position?

Huge waves approaching

from all directions,

clearing skies, light

winds and an extremely

low barometer.

_______ is a measure of the atmosphere’s vapor content. humidity

Which condition will occur after a cold front passes? Humidity decreases

A swift current occurring in a narrow passage connecting

two large bodies of water, which is produced by the

continuous changing difference in height of tide at the end of

passage is called a:

A. hydraulic current C. rectilinear current

B. rotary current D. harmonic current

hydraulic current

Tides at the two ends of a strait are seldom in phase or

equal in range and the current is generated largely by the

continuously changing difference in height of water at the

two ends called _______.

A. hydraulic current C. resultant current

B. differential current D. semi-diurnal current

hydraulic current

In a _______ mode of Omega, the receiver measures the

difference in phase between two transmitters.

Hyperbolic

61

Which of the following is TRUE?

I. Coriolis force tends to divert air toward the right in the

Northern Hemisphere

II. Coriolis Force tends to divert air toward the left in the

Southern Hemisphere

III. Coriolis Force tends to divert air toward the left in the

Northern Hemisphere, to the right in the Southern

Hemisphere

I & II

Which of the following can be measured from the Horizon

System of Coordinates?

I. Zenith Distance

II. Amplitude

III. Co-altitude

I, II, III

Which statement is true when operating in area where sea

ice and iceberg are present?

A. Icebergs may travel in direction very different from sea

ice

B. Both icebergs and sea ice move in same direction and

same speed

C. Icebergs and sea ice move in same direction but of

different speed

D. Icebergs and sea ice move in same direction but iceberg

slower due its volume

Icebergs may travel in

direction very different

from sea ice

Sidereal time is NOT used____________. in sight reduction of

planet observation

The diurnal variation of pressure is most noticeable: in the doldrums

In a tropical cyclone, in the Northern Hemisphere, a vessel

hove to with the wind shifting counterclockwise would be:

A. in the navigable semicircle

B. ahead to the storm center

C. in the dangerous semicircle

D. directly in the approach path of the storm

in the navigable

semicircle

62

Where is the vessel located in a tropical cyclone in the S.

Hemisphere if a vessel hove to with the wind shifting

clockwise?

A. In the navigable semicircle

B. Directly behind the storm center

C. Ahead of the storm center

D. In the dangerous semi circle

In the navigable

semicircle

In the Southern Hemisphere, a vessel hove to with the wind

shifting clockwise would be _______.

A. in the navigable semi-circle C. ahead of the storm track

B. in the dangerous semi-circle D. behind the storm center

in the navigable semi-

circle

The principle of a sextant is that, when a plane surface

reflects a light ray, the angle of reflection equals the angle

of:

incidence

The movable arm of the sextant is the: index arm

The error remaining in the sextant after the navigator has

removed side error perpendicularity error and collimation

error is:

index error

Which of the four adjustable errors in the sextant is the

principal cause of index error?

A. index mirror and horizon glass not parallel

B. index mirror not perpendicular to the frame

C. horizon glass not perpendicular to the frame

D. telescope not parallel to the frame

index mirror and

horizon glass not

parallel

Magnetism under the influence of an external field is called:

A. induced magnetism C. residual magnetism

B. permanent magnetism D. sub-permanent magnetism

induced magnetism

Elongation becomes zero at ________________. inferior conjunction

In low latitudes, trade winds converge in an area called :

A. Inter tropical convergence zone

B. temperature zone

C. inter tropical divergence zone

D. torrid zone

Inter tropical

convergence zone

63

Trade winds converge in an area in low latitudes called :

A. inter tropical convergence zone

B. inter tropical divergence zone

C. torrid zone

D. temperate zone

Inter tropical

convergence zone

The normal variation between the actual depth of water

and the indicated depth on an electronic depth sounder due

to water conditions is on the side of safety. This would NOT

be true in a case when the water______________.

is extremely cold

At some distance above the earth’s surface, the wind tends

to blow along lines connecting points of equal pressure

called:

Isobars

The line joining all places having the same temperature on

weather maps is called:

A. isotherm C. isallobars

B. isobars D. col

Isotherm

Reasons for correcting compass are the following

EXCEPT:

it is more comfortable

to use a corrected

compass in bad

weather

Which statement concerning GPS is TRUE? It may be suspended

without warning

The steepness of a cold front depends on_____________. its velocity

The largest of the known planets is ______. Jupiter

This is a fast moving current of air with strong lateral and

shears which is located immediately below the troposphere is

called _______.

A. jet stream C. warm front

B. cold front D. cold front

jet stream

One of the two pointers in the Ursa Minor pointing to

Polaris is:

Kochab

64

What do you call the current which is similar to the gulf

stream predominantly flows on north-north-easterly

direction?

A. Kuroshio current C. Benguela current

B. California current D. Oyasho Current

Kuroshio current

What is the phase of the moon when it rises about midnight

and sets at about noon?

Last quarter

The process of changing solid to liquid state is called :

A. latent heat of fusion

B. latent heat of sublimation

C. latent heat of accumulation

D. latent heat of vaporization

latent heat of fusion

The process of changing solid state to vapor state is called :

A. latent heat of sublimation C. latent heat of accumulation

B. latent heat of fusion D. latent heat of vaporization

latent heat of

sublimation

The change from liquid to vapor requires:

A. latent heat of vaporization C. latent heat of deposition

B. latent heat of sublimation D. latent heat of fusion

latent heat of

vaporization

The amplitude will be numerically equal to the declination

only when _____.

Latitude is zero

What line of position can you derive foremost during

meridian passage?

latitude line

In the Celestial Equator system of coordinates, when the

body’s diurnal circle coincides with the celestial equator,

the meridional zenith distance is equal to the _____.

latitude of the observer

The intercepted arc along the observer’s celestial meridian

between the celestial horizon and the elevated pole is equal

to the:

latitude of the observer

If the altitude of the elevated pole is 90 degrees, the ______. Latitude of the observer

is at the pole

65

The earth’s rotation affects the direction of the current in

the Southern Hemisphere by deflecting the set towards the :

A. left C. center

B. right D. outside

Left

Local sidereal time is equal to the_________. LHA of Aries

While voyage planning and navigating, a mariner must

refer to both texts and tables. Text includes the following

EXCEPT:

Light Lists

T-shaped dashes in areas to be avoided and defined ends of

inshore traffic zones are _______.

A. limits of restricted areas

B. limits of recommended track

C. limits of inshore traffic

D. limits of recommended route

KEYWORD: T-shaped >>> restricTed areas

limits of restricted

areas

Isallobar is a ________________. line joining places having

an equal change of

pressure

The line connecting Vernal Equinox to Autumnal Equinox

is called:

Line of equinoxes

The angle at the pole between the body’s hour circle and

the observer’s lower meridian:

LMT

The data for sunrise and sunset in the Nautical Almanac is

given in ______.

LMT

The time of meridian passage in the Nautical Almanac is

given in:

A. LMT C. LAN

B. GMT D. ZT

LMT

66

Your vessel is an ice-reinforced about to enter pack ice. You

should _______.

A. look for areas of rotten ice and enter the edge perpendicularly

B. take maximum advantage of coastal leads caused by

offshore winds

C. trim to an even keel or slightly down by the bow

D. enter the pack ice on the windward side

look for areas of rotten

ice and enter the edge

perpendicularly

_______ is a glow observed from a light below the horizon or

hidden by obstacles.

A. loom C. corona

B. halo D. aurora borealis

Loom

The accuracy of Loran position is within ______. 0.25 nautical miles

_______ is a hyperbolic system of navigation using a long

range medium frequency.

Loran A

_______ is a hyperbolic system of navigation using a long

range low frequency.

Loran C

What kind of pressure system travel in tropical waves? low pressure

Your vessel goes aground in soft mud. You would have the

best chance of refloating it on the next tide if it grounded at:

A. low water spring C. low water neap

B. high water neap D. high water spring

low water spring

New edition is marked on the chart ________. lower left hand corner

When a first edition of a chart is printed, the original date

of issue of a new chart

lower left hand corner

The revision date of a chart is printed on what area of the

chart?

lower-left corner

What is the maximum range at which an observer sees a

light under existing visibility conditions?

luminous range

67

An irregularity in the motion of the Earth due to the

disturbing effect of other celestial bodies, principally the

moon is called ______.

NOTE: “ LUNAR” refers to the MOON

lunar pertuberance

An instrument for indicating a horizontal difference

relative to the earth depending upon the magnetic

attraction of the earth is called ______.

magnetic compass

Deviation and variation are applied to the _____. magnetic compass

The curve that passes thru the places of zero DIP and

WITHOUT inclination on the compass needle is called

________.

A. magnetic equator C. magnetic north

B. magnetic meridian D. magnetic field

magnetic equator

This phenomenon occurs when a stream of charged particles

around the nucleus of an atom is called:

A. magnetism C. magnetic charges

B. electron D. magnetic disturbance

Magnetism

Variation in a compass is caused by____________. magnetism from the

earth magnetic field

Compass deviation is caused by__________. magnetism within the

vessel

The Night Order Book includes the following EXCEPT: maintain ships speed at

all times

A conventional representation usually on a plane surface

of all or part of the physical features of the earth surface

is called _______.

Map

A conventional representation usually on a plane surface

of all or part of the physical features of the earth surface

intended primarily for marine navigation is called :

marine chart

During meridian passage, the LHA and meridian angle of

the body is zero. What is its altitude?

maximum altitude

68

The reference datum used in determining the heights of land

features on most charts:

A. mean high water C. mean sea level

B. mean low water D. half-tide level

mean high water

The average height of all low waters at a given place is called

_______.

A. mean low water C. mean lower low water

B. low water datum D. tropic lower low water

mean low water

The correction table for GHA of planets is based upon the: mean rate of the sun

The average height of the surface of the sea for all stages of

the tide over a 19 year period is called _______.

A. mean sea level C. mean high water

B. mean low water D. half-tide level

mean sea level

The GMT in the Nautical Almanac is based on the reference

point of:

A. mean sun C. apparent sun

B. true sun D. mean and apparent sun

mean sun

A conic projection upon a plane, the cylinder conceived as

being tangent along the equator is a _______.

mercator

Superior conjunction is possible for___________. Mercury

Which two planets are inside the orbit of the earth? Mercury and Venus

All of the following arcs or angles can be measured in the

Horizon system of coordinates EXCEPT ______.

Meridian angle

The term “gegenschein” is associated with_________. meteors

Zodiacal light is related to_____________. meteors

A Pulse length is expressed in: micro-seconds

69

Asteroids lie chiefly between Mars and Jupiter and are

considered _____.

Minor Planets

What do you call the type of tide where the presence of a

diurnal wave is conspicuous by a large inequality in the

heights of either the two high tides or two low tides usually

occurring each tidal day?

mixed tides

The process in which an air mass changes in temperature

and or moisture characteristics is called:

Modification

This is a seasonal wind blowing from a large land mass to

the ocean in winter and in the opposite direction in summer:

A. Monsoon C. Gradient

B. Front D. Climate

Monsoon

Tropic tides are caused by the _______.

A. Moon being at its maximum declination

B. Moon crossing the equator

C. Sun and Moon both being near 0-deg. declination

D. Moon being at perigee

Moon being at its

maximum declination

Loran-C uses the multi pulse system because:

A. more signal energy is available at the receiver

B. less signal energy is necessary for receiver operation

C. it significantly increases the peak power

D. it increases the signal capacity

more signal energy is

available at the

receiver

The period between the time prior to sunrise is called_____. morning twilight

In the relatively calm area near the hurricane center, the

seas are___________.

mountainous and

confused

The apparent wind speed can be zero only when two

conditions are present. One condition is that the true wind

_____________.

must be from dead

astern

The graphic presentation of the earth’s surface that is

constructed to include known dangers and aids to

navigation is called _______.

A. nautical chart C. general chart

B. coastal chart D. pilot chart

nautical chart

70

What represents part of the spherical earth on a plane

surface?

nautical chart

In a tropical cyclone, if you are in the northern hemisphere

and experience backing winds, it would mean that you are

in the _______.

A. navigable semi-circle C. eye of the storm

B. dangerous semi-circle D. track of the storm

navigable semi-circle

The edge of a hurricane has overtaken your vessel in the

Gulf of Mexico and the northwest wind of a few hours ago

has shifted to the west. This is an indication that you are

located in the:

A. navigable semi-circle C. dangerous semi-circle

B. low pressure area D. eye of the hurricane

navigable semi-circle

When planning and conducting a voyage, the navigator uses

many information sources that includes the following

EXCEPT:

navigational charts

Prior to getting the ship underway, the navigator should

make a/an:

navigational check list

____________ is a maritime radio warning system

consisting of a series of coast stations transmitting radio

teletype safety messages .

NAVTEX

When the moon is at first quarter or third quarter phase,

what type of tides will occur?

A. neap C. perigean

B. spring D. apogean

Neap

The west wind drift is located _______.

A. near 60 deg S C. between Greenland and Europe

B. near 5 deg S D. on the Equatorial Current

near 60 deg S

Tropical cyclone does not occur in the doldrums due to:

A. negligible coriolis force C. lack of frontal areas

B. always with high humidity D. due to high temperature

negligible coriolis force

71

Which of the following statements is/are TRUE?

I. The body rises at the Prime Vertical when the Declination

is greater than the Latitude and same names

II. The body will set at the Prime vertical when the Latitude

is numerically equal to declination and same names

neither I and II

Which of the following statements is/are TRUE?

I. Meridian Passage of the sun occurs before 1200 LMT

if mean sun is ahead of apparent sun.

II. Meridian Passage of the sun occurs after 1200 LMT if

apparent sun is ahead of the mean sun.

Neither I nor II

Which of the following statements is/are TRUE?

I. Night is longer than day when the sun’s declination is

numerically equal and same name as your latitude

II. Day is longer than night when the sun’s declination is

north and you are in south Latitude.

Neither I nor II

Ship A observed in his radar ship B on her own portside to

be on a collision course on a dense for, which ship has the

right of way?

A. neither of the ships C. ship B

B. ship A D. both ships

neither of the ships

Ship A observed in his radar ship B on her own starboard

side to be on a collision course, on a dense fog, which ship

has the right of way?

A. neither of the two vessels

B. Ship A

C. Ship B

D. both ships

neither of the two vessels

At the time of printing, correction are too numerous

making previous printing obsolete, a printing is made

called______.

new edition

What is the phase of the moon when it rises and sets with

the sun?

New moon

What is the phase of the moon when it rises during sunrise? New moon

72

What is the phase of the moon when it seems to rise and

set with the sun?

new moon

When the moon is in conjunction, the moon phase is : New moon

When the moon is in inferior conjunction the moon phase

is:

new moon

The moon will wax from : New Moon to First

Quarter

A ship is at DR longitude 67?25?W at 1815 ZT steaming on

a westerly course when the navigator informs the Captain

that the ship is about to enter a new time zone. The Captain

orders that the ship’s clocks be set to the new zone time

when the next hour is struck What will be the new zone

description, and what will be the zone time by ship? Clock

immediately on being set to new zone time.

New ZD (+5); New ZT,

1800

The maximum distance at which a light can be seen in

weather conditions where the visibility is 10 miles is

known as:

nominal range

Which current flows westward in the general area of the

northeast trades.

A. North Equatorial Current C. Davidson Current

B. Cape Horn Current D. Labrador Current

North Equatorial

Current

If your weather bulletin shows the center of a low pressure

area to be 100 miles due east of your position, what winds

can you expect in the northern hemisphere?

north to northwest

According to Buys Ballot Law, when an observer in the

Northern Hemisphere experiences a northwest wind, the

center of the low pressure is located to the ____ .

northeast

The prevailing winds from approximately 5 deg N to 30 deg

N are the _______.

A. northeast trade winds C. southeast trade winds

B. prevailing westerlies D. doldrums

northeast trade winds

73

Because of the low temperatures near the geographical

poles of the earth, the surface pressure tends to remain

higher than in surrounding regions since cold air is denser

than warm air. Consequently, winds blow outward from

the poles called:

northeasterlies in the

Arctic

The Humboldt current flows:

A. northerly C. easterly

B. southerly D. westerly

Northerly

If the gyro compass is operating properly, the rotor shaft is

aligned to:

A. North-South C. Vertical

B. East-West D. Horizontal

North-South

The pressure gradient between the horse latitudes and

doldrums runs _________:

north-south

The southeast trade winds blow toward _______.

A. northwest C. south

B. southeast D. northeast

Northwest

_______ is the least signal or complete absence of signal

where this varies with direction.

A. null C. out of range

B. blind spot D. 180 deg out of phase

Null

Sailing Directions contain: numbered sections along

a coast or through a

strait

This is a rocky crag or small mountain projecting from and

surrounded by glacier or ice sheet.

A. Nunatak C. Nilas

B. Rime D. Sastrugi

Nunatak

The sun changing declination is caused by: obliquity of the ecliptic

74

On weather maps, purple color indicates:

A. occluded front C. cold front

B. stationary front D. warm front

occluded front

This is a kind of front which appears on weather maps as

a solid purple line with at alternating triangles and half

circles.

occluded front

What cyclone is in its final stage of development?

A. occluded front C. anticyclone

B. polar cyclone D. tornado

occluded front

In the last stages of extratropical cyclone, the closing of its

warm sector by an overtaking cold front which races about

the system’s center is called _______.

A. occlusion C. frontogenesis

B. frontolysis D. through

Occlusion

Tropical cyclones do not form within 5° of the Equator

because _____________.

of negligible Coriolis

force

_______ is a radio navigation system which operates in the

very low frequency.

Omega

The navigational triangle is NOT formed when the body is: on the observer’s

meridian

If the vessel is in the dangerous semi-circle in the Southern

Hemisphere, the best action is to have the wind _______.

A. on the port bow and make as much headway as possible

B. on the starboard bow and make as much headway as possible

C. on the port quarter and make as much headway as possible

D. on the starboard quarter and make as much headway as

possible

on the port bow and

make as much headway

as possible

If the vessel is in the dangerous semi-circle in the Northern

Hemisphere, the best action is to have the wind _______.

A. on the starboard bow and make as much headway as possible

B. on the port bow and make as much headway as possible

C. on the starboard quarter and make as much headway as

possible

D. on the port quarter and make as much headway as possible

on the starboard bow

and make as much

headway as possible

75

If the vessel is in the navigable semi-circle in the Northern

Hemisphere, the best action is to have the wind _______.

A. on the starboard quarter and make as much headway as

possible

B. on the port quarter and make as much headway as possible

C. on the starboard bow and make as much headway as possible

D. on the port bow and make as much headway as possible

on the starboard quarter

and make as much

headway as possible

You are attempting to locate your position with reference to

a hurricane center in the Northern Hemisphere. If the wind

direction remains steady, but with diminishing velocity, you

are most likely.

on the storm track

behind the center

A tide is called diurnal when _______.

A. only one high and one low water occur during a lunar day

B. the high tide is higher and the low tide is lower than usual

C. the high tide and low tide are exactly six hours apart

D. two high tides occur during a lunar day

only one high and one

low water occur during a

lunar day

After passing the First Quarter phase, the moon becomes

full moon at _____.

Opposition

If the age of the moon is approximately 14 &1/2 days, it is

said to be at:

opposition

If the moon reaches a point wherein it is completely

illuminated, it is at:

Opposition

The sun rises exactly at the time when the moon is setting.

The moon is at _____.

Opposition

The superior planets are brightest and closest to the earth

at_____________.

Opposition

When the moon sets during sunrise, it is at _____. Opposition

When the moon’s R.A. is 12 hours different with that of

the sun, the moon is said to be at:

opposition

76

This is the type of rain that falls on the weather side of a

mountain ranges and give some of the heaviest rain known:

NOTE: “ORO” refers to Mountain

orographic rain

In making compass adjustments at sea, which international

flag signal is hoisted?

Oscar Quebec

The altitude correction that compensates for the equivalent

reading to the center of the earth is:

A. parallax C. index

B. dip D. semi-diameter

Parallax

_______ is a form of halo consisting of an image of the sun at

the same altitude and some distance from it.

A. parhelion C. anthelion

B. paranthelion D. anti-helion

anthelion

When the moon is at perigee, _______ occurs.

A. perigean tide C. lagging tide

B. priming tide D. semi-diurnal range

perigean tide

In a moon’s orbit, the point nearest the sun is called: Perigee

A ship has a ______ magnetism. permanent magnetism

The ratio of the strength of the magnetic field inside the

metal to the strength of the external field is:

A. permeability C. coercivity

B. retentivity D. remanence

Permeability

A pulse feature designed to eliminate sky wave is ______. phase coding

The sun’s surface is called ______. photosphere

Which of the following should be consulted to obtain

information about

Pilot chart

77

The SOA chosen for each track leg in voyage planning is

the:

PIM speed

The Sailing Directions are published in the Enroute format

and the _____.

Planning Guide

Which of the following statements is TRUE? Planning Guides are

relatively permanent

The best position of the bow of the vessel when you are

maneuvering on ice and intend to stop in ice close inshore is:

A. pointing to seaward C. pointing to the ridge

B. pointing to inwards D. pointing to shore

pointing to seaward

In voyage planning, PIM means: points of intended

movement

The angle measured from the elevated pole along the hour

circle to the diurnal circle passing by the body is called:

Polar Distance

Any piece of metal on becoming magnetized will develop

regions of concentrated magnetism called ______.

Poles

Along the coast of Australia, a current called Darwin

current flows:

A. poleward C. northward

B. eastward D. westward

poleward

In order for the gyro to have its North-South axis maintain

its position in line with the Meridian, it must be capable of:

Precession

The reaction of a gyro compass to an applied force is

called:

A. precession C. gyroscopic inertia

B. counter effect D. gravity effect

Precession

This is the property of a gyroscope of resisting any force

which tends to change its axis of rotation.

Precession

78

Any or all forms of water particles whether liquid or solid

that fall from the atmosphere and reach the ground is

_____.

precipitation

Military users use the ______ which provides extremely

accurate positioning.

Precise Positioning

System

Pressure gradient is a measure of ______________. pressure difference over

horizontal distance

A change in pressure with horizontal distance is called

____.

pressure gradient

On the poleward side of the high pressure belt in both

hemispheres, the atmospheric pressure again diminishes.

The wind in motion moves towards the poles and diverted

by the earth’s rotation toward the east. This wind system

is called _______.

prevailing westerlies

What is the airflow along the poleward side of the high

pressure belt in each hemisphere diverted by the earth’s

rotation towards the East?

A. Prevailing westerlies C. Geostrophic winds

B. Doldrums D. Horse latitude

Prevailing westerlies

The charts _______ reflects the latest Notice to Mariners

used to update the chart.

print date

When the faces of the sextant shade glasses and mirrors

are not parallel, the error is called:

prismatic error

____________ in GPS is the true distance between the

satellite and the plus an offset due to frequency error of the

user’s clock.

pseudorange

The characteristics on which range resolution depends is: Pulse length

Occluded front is colored _______.

A. purple C. red

B. blue D. green

Purple

79

On weather maps, occluded front is colored:

A. purple C. blue

B. red D. green

purple

The 8-mm radar uses the: Q-Band

Which deviation change signs approximately each 90

degrees change of headings caused by induced magnetism

in horizontal soft iron?

Quadrantal deviation

This is a gyro error caused by the rolling of the vessel

whose effect can reach a maximum on inter-cardinal

heading:

A. quadrantal error C. damping error

B. ballistic error D. tilting error

quadrantal error

The component of space motion in the line of sight is

called _____.

Radial motion

A type of deformed ice formed by one piece of ice

overriding another.

rafted ice

Spoking would be indicated on the radar receiver by: Random, pie-shaped

wedges on the PPI

If the rotor on a gyro is turning in the wrong direction it

will cause the gyro to:

Read reciprocal

directions

When using an echo sounder in deep water, it is NOT

unusual to _____.

receive a strong return at

about 200 fathoms (366

meters) during the day,

and one nearer the

surface at night

A dashed outlined arrow applied on precautionary areas,

two-way routes, recommended routes and deep-water routes

is called _______.

A. recommended direction of traffic flow

B. recommended track

C. established direction of flow

D. recommended route

recommended direction

of traffic flow

80

Dashed line and dashed outlined arrows in recommended

routes are ________.

A. recommended routes

B. recommended traffic flow

C. recommended track

D. recommended direction of traffic

recommended routes

Dashed lines with arrowheads generally reserved for use

by charting authorities are _______.

A. recommended tracks C. recommended routes

B. recommended flow D. recommended two way area

recommended tracks

Cold front is colored _______.

A. red C. purple

B. blue D. green

red

On weather maps, warm front is colored:

A. red C. purple

B. blue D. green

red

On weather maps, stationary front is colored:

A. red/blue C. blue

B. purple D. red

red/blue

Planetary aberration is due, in part, to______________. refraction of light as it

enters the Earth

atmosphere

The ratio of the pressure of water vapor present in the

atmosphere to the saturation vapor pressure at the same

temperature is called ______.

relative humidity

It is the deviation of a magnetic compass after adjustment

or compensation.

residual deviation

The remaining value that cannot be eliminated in deviation

is called:

A. residual deviation C. minimal deviation

B. constant deviation D. all of these

residual deviation

81

After attempting to neutralize magnetism of the vessel, the

remaining is called _______.

A. residual magnetism C. sub-permanent magnetism

B. sub-permanent magnetism D. permanent magnetism

residual magnetism

A print which does not supersede a current edition is

called _______.

revised print

The elongated area of high pressure extending outwards

from an anticyclone area is called _______.

A. ridge C. through

B. col D. doldrums

ridge

The earth’s rotation affects the direction of the current in

the Northern Hemisphere by deflecting the set towards the

_______.

A. right C. center

B. left D. lower latitude

right

The date of a revised print is on the charts ______. right of the edition date

As a cold front passes an observer, pressure _______. rises and winds become

variable

After a cold front passes the barometric pressure usually

____.

rises, often quite

rapidly, with clearing

skies

In the Southern Hemisphere, the westerlies blow

throughout the year steadily approaching that of the trade

winds. These are called the ______.

roaring forties

This is a swell wave emanating from distant storms which

continue their progress across the oceans till they reach

shallow water when they abruptly steepen, increase in height

and sweep to the shore.

A. rollers C. surf

B. tidal wave D. tsunami

rollers

Diurnal aberration is due to_______________. rotation of the Earth on

its axis

82

What is a region between two highs and two lows?

A. Saddle C. V-shaped low

B. Secondary law D. Parallel isobars

Saddle

In making a synoptic observation, the following should be

considered EXCEPT:

safety of life

Charts used for planning , fixing position at sea on a long

voyage are called _______.

sailing charts

Which nautical publication gives an information if there

will be a chance to meet an iceberg during the course of the

voyage.

A. sailing directions C. pilot chart

B. coast pilot D. coastal chart

sailing directions

While voyage planning and navigating, a mariner must

refer to both texts and tables. Tables include the following

EXCEPT:

Sailing Directions

A 10-cm radar uses the: S-Band

This is the result when the sea is warm compared with the

air which flows over the surface of the sea.

sea smoke

Which feature, when set to zero, might allow a GPS unit

to have an accuracy equivalent to Precise Positioning

Service receiver capability?

Selective Availability

Which feature, when set to zero, might allow a GPS unit

to have an accuracy equivalent to Precise Positioning

Service receiver capability?

Selective Availability

With regard to GPS, a civilian receiver may be capable of

achieving the same accuracy as a military receiver

when________.

selective availability is

set to zero

The class of tide that prevails in the greatest number of

important harbors on the Atlantic Coast is:

A. semi-diurnal C. mixed

B. interval D. diurnal

semi-diurnal

83

When there are small differences between the heights of

two successive high tides or two low tides, in a tidal day,

the tides are called _______.

A. semi-diurnal C. solar

B. diurnal D. mixed

semi-diurnal

The radar control that reduces weak echoes out to a limited

distance from the ship is the _______.

sensitivity time control

The radar control used to reduce sea return at close ranges

is the __________.

sensitivity time control

A tint, 3 mm wide in TSS and between TSS and inshore

traffic is _______.

A. separation line C. boundary line

B. limit line D. demarcation line

separation line

A tint, any shape in TSS and between TSS and inshore

traffic is _______.

A. separation zone C. boundary zone

B. limit zone D. demarcation zone

separation zone

Which of the following will not contribute to the

commercial GPS receiver position error?

Ship's speed

The celestial coordinate of a star that is relatively constant in

value is the:

A. Sidereal hour angle C. Greenwich Hour Angle

B. Local hour angle D. Meridian angle

Sidereal hour angle

What do you call the snow and rain falling together, frozen

consisting of transparent, rounded, hard rain-drop sized

grain of ice?

A. sleet C. frozen drizzle

B. hail D. frost

sleet

Which instrument is the most useful in forecasting fog? sling psychromotor

A line on Earth parallel to the equator is a __________. small circle

84

A parallel of latitude other than the equator is a ______. small circle

The earth receives 1,360 watts per square meter of the

solar energy. This is called:

A. solar constant C. solar wave

B. solar energy D. radiation

solar constant

The sun continuously emits charge particles called _____. solar wind

An electronic depth finder operates on the principle that

____.

sound waves travel at a

constant speed through

water

In the area of prevailing westerlies, and ocean current that

generally flows in the easterly direction to a point west of

Cape of Good Hope is called _______.

A. South Atlantic Current C. South American Current

B. North Atlantic Current D. Argentinian Current

South Atlantic Current

Tropical storms occur in all oceans EXCEPT in the:

A. South Atlantic Ocean C. Western South Pacific Ocean

B. South Indian Ocean D. Arabian Sea

South Atlantic Ocean

_______ flows westward in the general direction of the

southeast trades.

A. South Equatorial Current C. Davidson Current

B. Cape Horn Current D. Labrador Current

South Equatorial

Current

In magnetism, it is the region in which the lines of force

enter the iron.

south pole

Because of the low temperatures near the geographical

poles of the earth, the surface pressure tends to remain

higher than in surrounding regions since cold air is denser

than warm air. Consequently, winds blow outward from

the poles called:

southeasterlies in the

Antarctic

According to Buys Ballot law, when an observer in the

northern hemisphere experiences a northeast wind the

center of low pressure is located to the __________.

south-southeast

85

According to Buys Ballot Law, when an observer in the

southern hemisphere experiences a northwest wind, the

center of the low pressure is located to the______.

south-southwest

If a weather bulletin shows the center of a low pressure

system to be 100 miles due east of you, what winds can

you expect in the southern hemisphere?

south-southwesterly

Kamchatka current flows:

A. southward C. westward

B. northward D. eastward

southward

The usual sequence of directions in which a tropical cyclone

moves in the Southern Hemisphere is ________________.

southwest, south and

southeast

In which direction does the Brazil Current flows?

A. southwesterly C. southerly

B. northwesterly D. northerly

southwesterly

Most GPS receivers use the Doppler shift of the carrier

phase to compute ____.

Speed

_______ is the gyro compass error introduced by the ship’s

forward motion along its track.

A. speed error C. track line error

B. latitude error D. deflection error

speed error

In voyage planning SOA means: speed of advance

When the moon is new or full, what type of tides occur?

A. Spring C. Diurnal

B. Neap D. Apogean

Spring

Temperature decreases with height called _____. standard lapse rate

These are stars in the galaxy that tend to congregate in

groups arranged in long spiral arms.

Star clouds

86

In the Nautical Almanac, are tabulated GHA of both the

sun and Aries, and also the declination of ______.

stars 57

On weather maps, alternate red and blue color indicates:

A. stationary front C. cold front

B. occluded front D. warm front

stationary front

Which of the following is a characteristic of the weather

preceding an approaching warm front?

steadily falling

barometric pressure

Which of the following is typical of warm front weather

conditions?

steady precipitation

Monsoons are characterized by _______.

A. steady winds that reverse direction semi-annually

B. light, variable winds with little or no humidity

C. strong, gusty winds

D. strong, cyclonic winds

steady winds that

reverse direction semi-

annually

A projection where points on the earth are transferred

directly to a plane and the origin of the projecting rays is

the point opposite the plane point of tangency is

called______.

stereographic

It is a single crest wave and has no period or wavelength

called:

A. storm surge C. swell

B. tsunami D. ripples

storm surge

Fetch is the _____________. stretch of water over

which wave-forming

wind blows

When solid particles is changed to water vapor, the process

is:

A. sublimation C. vaporization

B. condensation D. convection

sublimation

If a layer of cold, moist air over rides a shallow layer of

warm, dry air, which of the following may occur?

Sub-refraction

87

_______ is a squall with violent thunder, lightning, and

rain, which blows at night in the Malacca Straits especially

during the southwest monsoon.

A. Sumatra C. Malaccan

B. Javaean D. Taku

Sumatra

The star nearest to the earth is:

A. sun C. Sirius

B. Vega D. Altair

sun

The path followed by the sun towards Vega is called : Sun’s way

Azimuth of the sun for compass error is best taken at: sun's low altitude

An upper layer of warm, dry air over a surface layer of a

cold, moist air causes which of the following?

Super-refraction

It is a motion with a period intermediate between that of the

ordinary wind wave and that of the tide:

A. surge C. swell

B. bore D. seiche

surge

The sequence of tropical cyclone in the Southern

Hemisphere is:

A. SW, S and SE C. N, NW and E

B. NW, W and S D. W, NW and N

SW, S and SE

This is wave motion caused by meteorological disturbance

which persists after the disturbance has move away.

A. swell C. seiches

B. surge D. sea current

swell

This is the gyro compass error applicable in which

damping is accompanied by offsetting the point of

application of the force from a mercury ballistic.

A. tangent latitude error C. ballistic error

B. damping error D. quadrantal error

tangent latitude error

88

Fog forms when the air. Temperature equals or is

below the dew point

temperature

The line separating the illuminated and darkened portions

of the moon is called:

Terminator

If it is impossible to avoid a hurricane in the Northern

Hemisphere, the most favorable place to be when storm

passes is in ____________.

that half of the storm

lying to the left of the

storm path

Little or no change in the barometric reading over a twelve

hour period indicates________.

that present weather

conditions will continue

Planetary aberration is due in part, to______________. the body orbital motion

during the time required

for its light to reach the

earth

The diurnal inequality of the tides is caused by _______.

A. the declination of the moon

B. changing the weather conditions

C. the Moon being at apogee

D. the Moon being at perigee

the declination of the

moon

Fog forms when the air temperature is at or below: The dew point

The longitude of the GP of a celestial body will be East if : The Greenwich Hour

Angle is more than 180

What happens because of augmentation? The Moon appears

larger as the elevation

increases

Who has the con while navigating when the Master is on

the bridge?

the OIC

Which of the following statements is TRUE? the OIC must never

leave his post in the

bridge if not properly

relieved

89

The same side of the moon is always turned towards the

Earth because_______.

the period of rotation is

equal to the period of

revolution

What are the relative positions of the Sun, the earth, and a

planet when the planet is at inferior conjunction?

A. the Planet is between the Earth and the Sun

B. the Sun is between the earth and the Planet

C. the Earth is between the Planet and the Sun

D. the Planet is between the Earth and Mercury

the Planet is between

the Earth and the Sun

The gyro compass has the least directional power at the : the sensitive element

The term “velocity of escape” means____________. the speed at which the

molecules of the gas

making up the

atmosphere should

attain in order to

overcome the force of

gravity

If the Earth’s rotation were stopped, which of the following

conditions will happen?

The sun will rise from

the West and sets to the

East due to revolution

Apparent time is based on______________. the visible sun moving

along the ecliptic

The area of lowest pressure along a line with minimum

cyclonic curvature in the isobars on surface charts is called:

A. through C. wedge

B. ridge D. low pressure

through

The lowest intervening part of the wave is called :

A. through C. fetch

B. crest D. range

through

A cold front moving in from the northwest can produce : Thunderstorms, hail,

and then rapid clearing

90

_______ is a periodic motion of the sea due to gravitational

forces of various celestial bodies.

A. tidal phenomenon C. tidal current

B. tidal effect D. tidal stream

tidal phenomenon

An azimuth determined by solution of the navigational

triangle with meridian angle, declination and altitude, it is

called _________________.

time and altitude

azimuth

An azimuth determined by solution of the navigational

triangle with meridian angle, declination and latitude, it is

called ____________________.

time azimuth

The equation of time measures the___________. time between the passage

of the mean sun and the

apparent sun over a

meridian

When the equation of time is taken from the Nautical

Almanac for use in celestial navigation, it is used to

determine _______.

time of local apparent

noon

You are steaming west in the North Atlantic in an

extratropical cyclonic storm, and the wind, and the wind

is dead ahead. According to Buy Ballots Law, the center

of the law pressure lies _________.

to the north of you

A dangerous semi-circle in the Northern Hemisphere is that

area of the storm:

A. to the right of the storm track

B. between the ship’s heading and the eye

C. to the left of the storm track

D. between the ship’s heading and the left of the storm

to the right of the storm

track

In the Southern Hemisphere, the navigable semi-circle is:

A. to the right of the storm track

B. in the dangerous semi-circle

C. ahead of the storm track

D. behind the storm center

to the right of the

storm track

The navigable semicircle of a typhoon in the Southern

Hemisphere is the area:

to the right of the

storm track

91

Original date of issue of a new chart is shown at the : top center margin

The strength of the field at any point, measured in a

direction parallel to the field is called _______.

A. total intensity C. horizontal intensity

B. parallel intensity D. vertical intensity

total intensity

This is the belt of light and variable winds and fine clear

weather marking the central regions of the sub-tropical

high pressure belt.

trade wind belt

The winds blowing consistently from the horse latitudes to

the doldrums are called _______.

A. trade winds C. roaring forties

B. polar easterlies D. prevailing westerlies

trade winds

The winds that has the greatest effect on the set, drift, and

depth of the equatorial currents are the:

A. trade winds C. prevailing westerlies

B. doldrums D. equatorial winds

trade winds

Winds that blow from the belts of high pressure towards

the equatorial belts of low pressure are the ______.

trade winds

A device which converts electrical energy into sound energy

and vice versa is called:

transducer

In modern fathometers the sonic sound waves are produced

electrically by means of a/an____.

transducer

SATNAV has the following units EXCEPT:

A. transmitter C. data processor

B. antenna D. video display

transmitter

When the Moon’s declination is maximum north, which of

the following will occur?

A. Tropic tides

B. Higher high tides & lower low tides

C. Mixed-type tides

D. Equatorial tides

Tropic tides

92

Which of the following weather disturbances is classified by

from and intensity and which does not have closed isobars?

Tropical disturbance

Low pressure disturbances, which travel along the inter-

tropical convergence zone, are called__________.

tropical waves

The velocity of the apparent wind can be less than the true

wind and from the same direction, if certain conditions are

present. One condition is that the ___________.

true wind from dead

astern

The velocity of the apparent wind can be more than the

true wind, and come from the same direction, if certain

conditions are present. One condition is that the ______.

true wind must be from

dead ahead

A strong tidal wave is called _______.

A. tsunami C. cyclonic wave

B. tsurami D. tsushima

tsunami

Between the parallels of about 23º 26 N and about 23º 26 S

the sun is directly overheard at some time during the year.

If you are situated between these two parallels how many

times in a year will the sun pass your zenith?

Twice

Between the parallels of about 23º 26 North and 23º 26

South the sun is directly overhead at sometime of the year.

If you are situated between these two parallels how many

times in a year will the sun pass you zenith?

twice

When operated over a muddy bottom, a fathometer may

indicate _____

two depth reading

Which factor has the greatest effect on the amount of gain

required to obtain a fathometer reading?

Type of bottom

If a navigational computer is not available for constructing

a track in voyage planning, the easiest method is the:

use of gnomonic chart to

plot a great circle route

The angle between the magnetic and geographic meridians

at any place east or west to indicate the direction of

magnetic north from the true north is called :

variation

Conjunction is not possible for ___________. Venus

93

Inferior conjunction is possible for ____________. Venus

Which of the planet in the Solar System has almost the same

size as the Earth?

A. Venus C. Pluto

B. Neptune D. Mars

Venus

What is the point on the track of a tropical cyclone where

the curvature is greatest?

A. vertex C. vortex

B. trough D. eye

vertex

What does the term “tide” refer to?

A. Vertical movement of the water

B. Horizontal movement of the water

C. Mixing tendency of the water

D. Salinity constant of the water

Vertical movement of the

water

The extreme horizontal distance at which prominent objects

can be seen and identified by the unaided eye.

visibility

Clouds appearing in the following order: cirrus,

cirrostratus, altostratus, status, and nimbostratus usually

indicate the approach of a (n) ______________.

warm front

If the cloud is observed to appear in the following order:

cirrus, cirrostratus, altostratus stratus and nimbostratus,

this would indicate the approach of a/an:

A. warm front C. occluded front

B. cold front D. thunderstorm

warm front

On weather maps, red color indicates:

A. warm front C. occluded front

B. cold front D. stationary front

warm front

Fog is most commonly associated with a (an). Warm front at night

On a weather map, triangles are pointing toward the : warmer air

94

On mid-ocean waters, the height of a wind-generated wave

is not affected by the:

water depth exceeding

100 feet

Fog is most commonly associated with a/an: water front at night

A small whirling storm over the ocean or inland waters and

is like a funnel-shaped cloud dropping to the ocean is called

_______.

A. waterspout C. depression

B. whirlwind D. tornado

waterspout

This is the vertical distance between the trough and the

crest.

A. wave height C. wave range

B. altitude D. wave length

wave height

This is the vertical distance between the trough and the

crest.

wave height

A Loran receiver’s major advantage is its ability to store : waypoints

The state of the atmosphere with respect to temperature,

humidity, precipitation, visibility, cloudiness, and other

factors is called ______.

weather

Which gyro pilot adjustment is set to zero except when it

is desirable to allow the ship to respond to the temporary

action of heavy seas?

weather adjustment

______ is a transmission sent to the ship advising the

master of expected adverse conditions, duration and

geographic extent.

weather advisory

Charts through Notice To Mariners are updated: Weekly

Light Lists through Notice To Mariners are updated: weekly

Notice To Mariners is published: weekly

The Local Notice to Mariners is usually published _____. weekly

95

Because of the earth rotation, the moving air is deflected

toward the ______.

west

The North Equatorial Current flows to the _______.

A. west C. northeast

B. east D. southwest

west

In the middle latitudes, wind travels generally from:

A. west to east C. south to north

B. north to south D. east to west

west to east

Current that flows easterly around Antarctica is termed as

_______.

A. West wind drift C. Antarctic Current

B. Falkland Current D. Gulf Stream

West wind drift

In the Antarctic the circulation is generally from west to east

in a broad, slow-moving current extending completely

around Antarctica, this is called the _______.

A. West Wind Drift C. East Wind Drift

B. Circumpolar Wind Drift D. Antarctica Current

West Wind Drift

The precession of the equinoxes occurs in a(n) _______.

A. westerly direction C. easterly direction

B. northerly direction D. southerly direction

westerly direction

Agulhas current generally flows:

A. westward C. eastward

B. northward D. southward

westward

Neap tides occur only _______.

A. when the Moon is at quadrature

B. at a new or full moon

C. when the Sun, Moon and Earth are in line

D. at approximately 28-day intervals

when the Moon is at

quadrature

96

Priming of the tides occurs _______.

A. when the Moon is between new and first quarter and

between third quarter and new

B. at times of new and full Moon

C. when the Earth, Moon and Sun are lying approximately

on the same line

D. when the Moon is between first quarter and full and

between third quarter and new

when the Moon is

between new and first

quarter and between

third quarter and new

Spring tides occur _______.

A. when the Sun, Moon and Earth are nearly in line, in any

order

B. at the start of spring, when the Sun is nearly over the

equator

C. only when the Sun and Moon are on the same side of the

earth and nearly in line

D. when the Sun and Moon are at approximately 90-deg. to

each other as seen from the Earth

when the Sun, Moon and

Earth are nearly in line,

in any order

In a river subject to tidal currents, the best time to dock a

ship without the assistance of tugs is____________.

when there is a head

current

A warm front marks the region _________________. where a warm air is

replacing cold air

Two generating forces of ocean currents are:

A. wind and density differences

B. water depth and ocean contour

C. density and water depth

D. temperature and salinity

wind and density

differences

The wind in the dangerous semi-circle of a tropical cyclone

is higher in velocity due to the:

A. wind circulation and forward motion of the storm

B. extension of the low pressure ridge

C. direction of circulation and pressure gradient

D. recurvature effect

wind circulation and

forward motion of the

storm

The wind velocity is higher in the dangerous semi-circle of a

tropical cyclone because of the _______.

A. wind circulation and forward motion of the storm

B. extension of the low pressure ridge

C. direction of circulation and pressure gradient

D. recurvature effect

wind circulation and

forward motion of the

storm

97

Appendices of the Planning Guide contains the following

information EXCEPT :

wind force and current

sets

The apparent wind speed can be zero only when two

conditions are present. One condition is that the true

_____________.

wind speed equals the

ship speed

Capricorn is the point of: winter solstice

What publication contains information about the port

facilities in Cadiz, Spain?

World Port Index

The difference of latitude between the GP and your position,

at the time when the celestial body is on the meridian, is

represented by:

A. zenith distance C. altitude

B. co-latitude D. declination

zenith distance

When the moon is at New Moon its elongation is ______. zero

A circular band of the sky extending 8 degrees on each side

of the ecliptic is called:

zodiac

A faint glow observed extending upward along the ecliptic

before sunrise and after sunset is called ______.

zodiacal light

This is a faint cone of light which extends upward from the

horizon along the ecliptic after sunset or before sunrise.

zodiacal light

You are using a racetrack turn to recover a man

overboard. The vessel is first steadied when how many

degrees away from the original heading?

A. 60° to 70° C. 135°

B. 90° D. 180°

180°

In a racetrack turn, to recover a man overboard, the vessel

is steadied for the SECOND time after a turn of how many

degrees from the original heading?

A. 60° C. 180°

B. 135° D. 360°

360°

98

The axis of precession describes an angle of inclination as

the earth moves towards the direction of star VEGA,

caused by a force which tends to rotate the earth axis

perpendicular to plane of the ecliptic. This physical

character has a cycle of:

41,000 years

Tropical cyclones normally form within which of the

following belts of latitude?

A. 5° to 15°

B. 15° to 30°

C. 30° to 45°

D. 45° to 60°

5° to 15°

In the Celestial Equator System of coordinates, when the

body is along the Pn-Ps line, therefore the Meridian Angle

is:

90°

Which of the following should NOT be used as an indicator

that ice may be nearby?

A. a dark appearance of the sky

B. A gradual drop in sea water temperature to below 32° F

C. A yellowish glare in the sky

D. The presence of seals or certain type birds

a dark appearance of

the sky

The Coordinator Surface Search (CSS) in a SAR situation

should display by night:

a distinctive signal

promulgated by the

CSS

What is an “Anticyclone”?

A. A system of high atmospheric pressure

B. A system of low atmospheric pressure

C. A secondary depression in the rear of a low pressure

system

D. It is the correct meteorological name for a

typhoon/hurricane

NOTE: “CYCLONE” = Low Pressure

“ANTI-CYCLONE” = High Pressure

(ANTI means opposite)

A system of high

atmospheric pressure

99

What classification of tropical cyclone would have closed

isobars, counter clockwise rotary circulation, and sustained

winds between 34 and 63 knots?

A. A tropical disturbance

B. A tropical depression

C. A tropical storm

D. A hurricane

A tropical storm

What level of development of a tropical cyclone has a

hundred mile radius of circulation, gale force winds, less

than 990 millibars of pressure and vertically formed

cumulonimbus clouds?

A. A tropical disturbance

B. A tropical depression

C. A tropical storm

D. A typhoon

A tropical storm

As the South Equatorial Current approaches the East

Coast of Africa, it divides with the main part flowing South

to form the warm:

A. Agulhas current

B. Benguela current

C. Canary current

D. Madagascar current

Agulhas current

What will occur when relating to humidity at 100%? AIR is saturated or

there will be RAIN

Major category(ies) of NAVTEX is/are _______.

A. all of these

B. meteorological warnings

C. meteorological forecasts

D. navigational warnings

all of these

Fog is formed when:

A. all of these conditions are correct

B. the moisture in the air condenses into small droplets

C. air is cooled to its dew point

D. the base of a cloud is on the ground

all of these conditions

are correct

100

A stationary front on a weather chart is colored:

A. red

B. alternating red and blue

C. purple

D. blue

alternating red and blue

Which of the following when subtracted from 90 ° will give

the radius of almucantar?

Altitude

It is a small circle parallel to the sensible horizon and

passes through the body.

Altitude circle

What can you find in the last pages of the NAUTICAL

Almanac?

A. altitude corrections for sun, stars and planet

B. altitude correction of Mercury and Venus

C. altitude correction of the moon

D. dip table

altitude correction of

the moon

A body at the observer’s zenith will have a/an: Altitude of 90°

Gray patches . . . Altocumulus

Ball shaped masses . . . Altocumulus

The angular distance between the prime vertical and the

hour circle of the body with prefix sign is otherwise known

as:

Amplitude

It is the angular distance between the prime vertical and

the sun during rising and setting.

Amplitude

With respect to failure warnings and status indications,

GPS receivers should provide, at a minimum:

an alarm if a new

position has not been

calculated within the

last two seconds

101

A submerged ice attached to the bottom irrespective of the

nature of its formation is called:

A. anchor ice

B. iceberg

C. compact ice

D. polynya

anchor ice

The optical principle of a marine sextant is when a ray of

light is reflected from a plane surface, the angle of

reflection is equal to the_________.

Angle of incidence

What is Right Ascension? angular distance of a

celestial body east of

Aries

It is the altitude of the centre of a heavenly body when

measured from the sensible horizon.

Apparent altitude

A relatively thin shell of air, water vapor, and suspended

particulates surrounding the earth is called:

A. Stratosphere C. Troposphere

B. Ionosphere D. Atmosphere

Atmosphere

The intercepted arc of the horizon between the principal

vertical circle and the vertical circle passing through the

body when rising or setting is called:

Azimuth

It is the arc of the horizon measured either clockwise or

counter clockwise through 180º starting at the North point

of the horizon in the North latitude and the South point of

the horizon the South latitude

Azimuth angle

Developed with tangent plane. With the result that bearing

of a point from the centre are correctly represented.

Azimuthal projection

102

The inner cloud bands of a hurricane, when viewed from a

distance, form a mass of dense, black cumulonimbus clouds

called the ________.

A. bar of the storm

B. eye of the storm

C. funnel

D. front

bar of the storm

The inner cloud bands in a hurricane viewed from a

distance from a mass of dense black cumulonimbus clouds

is called the:

A. bar of the storm C. funnel

B. eye of the storm D. tower of the storm

bar of the storm

This is a local strong wind carrying damp snow or sleet and

spray that freezes upon contact with objects:

A. barber

B. katabatic wind

C. anabatic wind

D. abroholos

Barber

The passing of a low pressure system can be determined by

periodically checking the____________.

A. Barometer C. hygrometer

B. thermometer D. anemometer

Barometer

Which do the numbers on isobars indicate?

A. barometric pressure C. rain in inches

B. temperature D. wind speed

barometric pressure

Parallax is caused by : Being on the surface of

the earth rather at its

center

On a voyage from Cape Town to London, the favorable

ocean current off the coast of Africa is the:

A. Canary current

B. Agulhas current

C. Benguela current

D. South Atlantic current

Benguela current

103

Which current would you encounter on a direct passage

from London, England to Cape Town, South Africa?

A. Falkland current

B. Norway current

C. Brazil current

D. Benguela current

Benguela current

A cold front on a weather chart is colored:

A. blue

B. purple

C. red

D. alternating red and blue

Blue

If Declination plus the latitude equals 90° and of the same

names, the:

A. Body passes exactly at the zenith of the observer

B. Body does not rise anymore

C. Body is exactly to the horizon at upper transit

D. Body is tangent to the horizon at lower transit

Body is tangent to the

horizon at lower transit

What current flows southward along the west coast of the

United States and causes extensive fog in that area?

A. Davidson Current

B. North Pacific Current

C. Alaska Current

D. California Current

California Current

Chart legends which indicate a conspicuous landmark are

printed in:

capital letters

The imaginary sphere of infinite radius with the earth at its

centre.

Celestial sphere

Zenith is the point on the ___________ vertically overhead

of the observer.

celestial sphere

Equinoctial is formed by projecting the earth’s equator to

the:

celestial sphere

104

The imaginary sphere of infinite radius with the earth at its

center.

Celestial sphere

A sextant error where the pivot of the index bar is not at

the center of the arc.

Centering error

Chart symbols and abbreviations are shown in _______. Chart No.1

Earth’s representation on a surface either plane or curved

according to a definite plan.

Chart projection

In the Northern Hemisphere, the major ocean currents

tend to flow:

A. clockwise around the North Atlantic and North Pacific

oceans

B. clockwise or counter-clockwise depending on whether it

is a warm or a cold current

C. counter-clockwise except in the Gulf Stream

D. counter-clockwise around the North Atlantic and North

Pacific Oceans

clockwise around the

North Atlantic and

North Pacific oceans

The radius of the almucantar is equal to the: co-altitude or zenith

distance

You are entering a harbor for the first time, which of the

publications would you consult?

Coast pilot

The Sailing Directions (Planning Guide) contain

information on all of the following EXCEPT:

Coastal features

Neck of low pressure between two highs. Col

In the celestial equator system of coordinates, when the

body’s diurnal circle coincides with the celestial equator,

the altitude during upper transit will be equal to the:

Co-latitude

105

When cold air displaces warm air you have a (n) _______.

A. cold front

B. occluded front

C. stationary front

D. warm front

cold front

An occluded front is usually caused by a: cold front overtaking a

warm front

A sextant error when the axis of the telescope is not parallel

to the plane of the instrument.

Collimation error

________ is a sailing in which you take a parallel sailing to

limit the altitude of your track.

composite sailing

The heat transfer from particle to particle is known as:

A. radiation

B. conduction

C. convection

D. induction

Conduction

Developed on a tangent or secant cones or cones. Conic projection

When the air is warmed, it tends to rise. This heat transfer

is called:

A. Advection C. Convection

B. Conduction D. Radiation

Convection

Ascending and descending air masses with different

temperature is part of an important heat transmitting

process in our atmosphere called ____.

A. Convection C. conduction

B. radiation D. barometric inversion

Convection

The direction in which a vessel is steered is the course the

path actually followed is the:

Course over the ground

106

What do you call the relatively low pressure area which is

generally circular.

A. Anticyclone C. Col

B. Cyclone D. Squall

Cyclone

It is developed on a tangent cylinder, which is then spread

out to form a plane.

Cylindrical projection

A good chart can be distinguished from indifferent one by: date of correction

All of the following arcs or angles can be measured in the

Horizon system of coordinates EXCEPT:

Declination

The angular distance of a celestial body north or south of

the celestial equator measured along the hour circle of the

body is known as:

Declination

The polar distance of the body is said to be equal to 090º

when

Declination of the body

is 0º

“Ease the rudder” means to: Decrease the rudder

angle

The highest level of commercial navigational accuracy is

provided by ____.

DGPS, within a

coverage area

It is the angle between the horizontal plane through

observers eye .

Dip

This is the correction to the sextant altitude applied to the

visible horizon to obtain the sensible horizon .

Dip

The daily path of a celestial body that is parallel to the

equinoctial.

Diurnal circle

107

Katabatic wind blows:

A. Up an incline due to surface heating

B. In a circular pattern

C. Down an incline due to cooling of air

D. Horizontally between a high and a low pressure area

NOTE: Katabatic = Down

Anabatic = Up

Down an incline due to

cooling of air

This is the wind blowing up on an incline as a result of

surface heating.

A. anabatic wind C. katabatic wind

B. foehn D. fall wind

anabatic wind

What kind of wind which blows up an incline usually as a

result of surface heating?

A. Katabatic wind

B. Foehn

C. Fall wind

D. Anabatic wind

Anabatic wind

PrimE vertical: E/W (East/West)

PrinNcipal vertical circle: N/S (North/South)

In mid-oceans, the characteristics of a wave are determined

by three factors. What is NOT one of these factors?

A. effect of the moon’s gravity

B. fetch

C. wind velocity

D. length of time the wind is blowing

effect of the moon’s

gravity

If a celestial body is at your meridian the azimuth is: Either North or South

The hour cycle that passes through the First Point of Aries

is known as the:

equinoctial colure

It is the term used when the ecliptic intersects the celestial

equator.

Equinoxes

108

The points of intersection of the ecliptic and the celestial

equator are called_______.

Equinoxes

In the orthographic projection of the horizon system of

coordinates, when the body rises to the left of the Prime

Vertical (PV), the amplitude is named.

E-N

In the orthographic projection of the horizon system of

coordinates, when the body rises to the right of the Prime

Vertical (PV), the amplitude is named:

E-S

Salinity in the Mediterranean is increased by: Evaporation

You are proceeding to the area of reported distress. When

you arrive at the reported position, the vessel in distress is

not sighted. What type of search should be conducted?

A. Sector search

B. Expanding square

C. Track crawl

D. Parallel track search

Expanding square

At the top of the center of the chart is the date of ______. first edition of the chart

In the Horizon system of coordinates, the arc of the horizon

measured from the East point of the horizon in a direction

towards the Principal Vertical circle through the North

Celestial Pole will give an amplitude in which quadrant?

First Quadrant

In the Horizon System of coordinates, the arc of the horizon

measured from the West point of the horizon in a direction

towards the Principal Vertical circle through the North

celestial Pole will give an amplitude in which quadrant?

Fourth Quadrant

What describes an accurate position that is not based on

any prior position?

A. Dead-reckoning position

B. Estimated position

C. Fix

D. Running fix

Fix

109

The height of a wave is the vertical distance:

A. from the still water plane to the crest

B. from the still water plane to the trough

C. from the crest to trough

D. between the water levels at one quarter of wave’s

length

from the crest to trough

Which of the following would occur when an extremely cold

air from shore passes over warmer water?

A. Advection fog C. Convection fog

B. Frost smoke D. Land breeze

Frost smoke

Chart with a natural scale of 1:180,000 is classified as a: General chart

________ are intended for coastwise navigation outside of

outlying reefs and shoals.

general charts

What distance of visibility is that which light may be seen in

clear weather computed in nautical miles for a height of the

observer’s eye of 15 feet above sea level?

A. Visible range

B. Geographical range

C. Computed range

D. Luminous range

Geographical range

It is the angular distance measured from the Greenwich

meridian to the body.

GHA

A projection where points on the earth are transferred

directly to a plane and the origin of the projecting rays is

the center of the earth is called:

gnomonic

Which is commonly used for planning great circle track? gnomonic chart

Which chart is commonly used for planning great circle

track?

gnomonic chart

All lines represent a great circle tracks on a chart. Gnomonic projection

110

It is based on a plane tangent at one point. Gnomonic projection

All parallels except the equator appear as curved lines. Gnomonic projection

The projection in which the meridians appear as straight

lines converging toward the nearer pole is called _______.

gnomonic projection

Which of the following statements is TRUE with respect to

ship handling procedures in ice?

A. Never go “full astern” at any time while in ice

B. Go astern in ice with extreme care-always with rudder

amidships

C. Enter ice at medium speeds to reduce impact

D. The presence of a snow cover on the ice assists a

vessel’s progress through an ice field

Go astern in ice with

extreme care-always

with rudder amidships

A low HDOP (Horizontal Dilution of Precision) number

such as 2 indicates a:

good fix

Which is NOT a contributing cause of ocean currents?

A. surface winds

B. density differences in water

C. underwater topography

D. gravitational effects of celestial bodies

gravitational effects of

celestial bodies

It is a circle on the surface of the sphere, where plane

passes through the center of the sphere.

Great circle

_____________ involves a solution of courses, distances,

and points along a track between two points.

great circle sailing

An ocean current that generally flows along the coast of

Florida towards the North Atlantic is called:

A. Gulf Stream

B. Guinea Current

C. North Stream

D. Florida Current

Gulf Stream

111

________ are intended for navigation and anchorage in

harbor and small waterways.

harbor charts

A great circle through the celestial poles and a point or

body on the celestial sphere

Hour circle

Vertical circle is to the horizon system, what Great circle is

for celestial equator system of coordinates?

Hour circle

The hillock of a broken ice is:

A. floe

B. hummock

C. moraine

D. nunatak

Hummock

Which of the following can be measured from the Horizon

System of Coordinates?

I. Zenith distance

II. Amplitude

III. Co-altitude

A. I and II only

B. II and III only

C. II only

D. I, II and III

I, II and III

This is composed of ice crystals and reduces visibility.

A. haze

B. ice fog

C. sleet

D. frost

ice fog

It is the sextant error when the horizon and index mirror

are not parallel.

Index error

You plot a fix in three lines of position and find they

intersect in a triangle, this actual position of the vessel:

A. Is outside of the triangle

B. May be anywhere in a triangle

C. May be inside or outside of the triangle

D. Is the geometric center of the triangle

Is the geometric center

of the triangle

112

The current that, in many respects, is similar to the Gulf

Stream is the:

A. Kuroshio

B. Oyashio

C. California current

D. Benguela current

Kuroshio

Which current is “warm” based on the latitude in which it

originates and on the effect it has on climates?

A. Kuroshio current

B. Peru current

C. Benguela current

D. California current

Kuroshio current

The cold ocean current which meets the warm Gulf Stream

between latitudes 40° and 43° N to form the “cold wall” is

called the _________.

A. North Cape current

B. Greenland current

C. Labrador current

D. North Atlantic current

Labrador current

Which current is responsible for the movement of the

icebergs into the North Atlantic shipping lanes?

A. Iceland current

B. Labrador current

C. Baltic current

D. Baffin current

Labrador current

It is a conic projection chart features straight lines, which

closely approximates a great circle.

Lambert conformal

It is the practical charts used in very high latitudes. Lambert conformal

It is a conic projection with two standard parallels.

Developed on a cone which intersects the sphere or

spheroids at two standard parallels.

Lambert conformal

projection

In the daily pages of the Nautical Almanac, a circle with the

right hand side fully shaded indicates:

Last quarter

113

The amplitude will be numerically equal to the declination

only when:

Latitude is zero

If the altitude of the elevated pole is 90 degrees, the: Latitude of the observer

is at the pole

It is the angular distance measured westerly from the

observer’s meridian to the hour circle passing through the

body.

LHA

It is the angular distance measured from the local celestial

meridian westward through 360º .

LHA

What do you call the line connecting perihelion and the

aphelion?

Line of apsides

For sunrise and sunset in the Nautical Almanac given. . . LMT

In the lower right hand column of the daily pages of the

Almanac, the time of Meridian Passage (M.P.) is given in:

LMT

This cannot be used as a standard time since it differs from

every meridian. Its principal use in rising, setting and

twilight tables.

LMT

In the time diagram, the time-arc of the celestial equator

between the hour circle of the vernal equinox to the

observer’s Meridian is called:

Local Sidereal Time

New edition on the chart is found on the: Lower left hand corner

When a first edition of a chart is printed, the original date

of issue of a new chart is shown at the top center margin

and;

lower left hand corner

The revision date of a chart is printed on what area of the

chart?

lower-left corner

114

During meridian passage, the LHA and meridian angle of

the body is zero. What is its altitude?

Maximum altitude

The length of a wave is the length:

A. of the wave’s crest

B. of the wave’s trough

C. measured from crest to trough

D. measured from crest to crest

measured from crest to

crest

It is a cylindrical projection. Mercator chart

It is a conformal map projection. Mercator projection

A cartographer cannot transfer a sphere to a flat surface

without distortion , he must project the surface of a sphere

onto a plane surface. An example of this projection is that

the cylinder tangent along the Equator called :

Mercator projection

________________ is similar to plane sailing but uses

meridional difference and difference in longitude in place

of difference of latitude and departure.

Mercator sailing

The angle measured from the observer’s meridian either

eastward or westward to the body and named East if rising

and West if setting.

Meridian angle

All of the following arcs or angles can be measured in the

horizon system of coordinates EXCEPT:

Meridian angle

________ uses the mean latitude for converting departure

to difference of longitude when the course is not due east or

west.

middle latitude sailing

Small “v” in the nautical almanac.

A. Moon

B. Stars

C. Sun

D. Sun/Moon

Moon

115

________ represents part of the spherical earth on a plane

surface.

nautical chart

What is the phase of the moon when it rises during sunrise? New moon

The maximum distance that a light be seen when the

weather is clear is called:

A. nominal range C. geographic range

B. luminous range D. computed range

nominal range

When the Gulf stream decreases speed until it becomes

slow, it is called:

A. Florida Current

B. North Atlantic Current

C. Labrador Current

D. Norwegian Current

North Atlantic Current

Sailing Directions contain: numbered sections

along a coast or through

a strait

What type of projection is formed if a plane is tangent to

the earth, and the points are geometrically form the center

of the Earth?

Oblique gnomonic

A cyclone in its final stage of development is called a (n) :

A. tornado

B. anticyclone

C. occluded cyclone or occluded front

D. polar cyclone

occluded cyclone or

occluded front

Tropical cyclones do not form within 5° of the Equator

because :

A. there are no fronts in that area

B. it is too hot

C. it is too humid

D. of negligible Coriolis force

of negligible Coriolis

force

116

The navigational triangle is NOT formed when the body is: on the observer’s

meridian

If the GHA of the moon differs by 180° by that of the sun,

it said to be at:

NOTE: OPPOSITION means 180 degrees difference or

exactly opposite

Opposition

If the moon reaches a point wherein it is completely

illuminated, it is at:

Opposition

The sun rises exactly at the time when the moon is setting.

The moon is at__________.

Opposition

After passing the first Quarter phase, the moon become full

moon at:

Opposition

If the age of the moon is approximately 14 & 1/2 days, it is

said to be at:

Opposition

Which of the following is NOT a function of the Ice

Navigation Center?

A. Schedule Coast Guard ice reconnaissance

B. Keep abreast of merchant vessel movement

C. Keep abreast of Coast Guard icebreaker movement

D. Organize and equip the Ice Patrol

Organize and equip the

Ice Patrol

If terrestrial points are projected geometrically from

infinity to a tangent plane, the projection is called :

orthographic projection

Emanating from a point at infinity, are perpendicular to a

tangent plane.

Orthographic

projection

Projecting lines are parallel to each other. Orthographic

projection

117

Cold water flowing southward through the western part of

the Bering Sea between Alaska and Siberia is joined by

water circulating counter-clockwise in the Bearing Sea to

form the:

A. Alaska current

B. Kuroshio current

C. Subartic current

D. Oyashio current

Oyashio current

These are circular pieces of ice called:

A. ice cake

B. frazil ice

C. pancake ice

D. ice floes

pancake ice

This correction is not applicable when taking the sight of

the star.

Parallax

What correction to the altitude of the moon but not to the

altitude of the sun is taken from the daily pages of the

almanac?

A. Refraction

B. Parallax

C. Coriolis

D. Semi-diameter

Parallax

_________ is the interconversion of departure and

difference of longitude when a vessel is proceeding due east

or west.

parallel sailing

What is the search pattern system called using more than

one ship?

A. Parallel System

B. Cross System

C. Circle System

D. Triangle System

Parallel System

It is the sextant error on the index mirror when not

perpendicular to the plane of the instrument.

Perpendicularity error

118

Which of the following should be consulted to obtain

information about the general current circulation in the

North Atlantic Ocean?

Pilot chart

_______ solves problems involving a single course and

distance, difference of latitude

plane sailing

Water in the air, except:

A. Water vapor

B. Water droplet

C. Ice particle

D. Plasma

Plasma

It is the distance measured from the hour circle from the

elevated pole to the body.

Polar distance

Are the points on the sphere which are 90º removed from

all points on the great circle.

Poles of great circle

Suitable for marine surveying. Polyconic Chart

Distance is measured by parallel lines. Polyconic chart

Developed on a series of tangent cones, which is then spread

out to form a plane.

Polyconic projection

Series of cones tangent at selected parallels. Polyconic projection

The great circle that passes through the Zenith and Nadir Prime vertical

Vertical circle with passes through the East and west point

of the horizon

PrimE vertical circle

An occluded front on a weather chart is colored:

A. red

B. red and blue

C. purple

D. blue

Purple

119

What will act to dissipate Fog?

A. convection

B. evaporation

C. radiation

D. conduction

Radiation

A warm front on a weather chart is colored:

A. purple

B. blue

C. alternating red and blue

D. red

Red

This is the result when the rays of light passes from one

medium to another of different density

Refraction

The angular distance measured from vernal equinox

eastward and usually expressed in unit of time

Right ascension (RA)

It is the angular distance measured easterly from the first

point of Aries to the body.

Right ascension (RA)

This is a swell wave emanating from distant storms which

continue their progress across the oceans till they reach

shallow water when they abruptly steepen, increase in

height and sweep to the shore.

A. rollers C. surf

B. tidal wave D. tsunami

rollers

The smallest scale chart used for planning, fixing position

at sea and for plotting the dead reckoning while proceeding

on a long voyage is the _____.

sailing chart

Which nautical publication gives an information if there

will be a chance to meet an iceberg during the course of the

voyage?

sailing directions

The ratio of a given distance on the chart to the actual

distance it represents on the earth

Scale

120

While you are on watch, you learn that a crewman has not

been seen on board for the past three hours. What type of

turn is best in this man overboard situation?

A. Round C. Racetrack

B. Scharnow D. Single turn 180 degrees

Scharnow

The most probable position of the search target at a given

time taking into consideration the effect of DRIFT since the

initial position of the incident was established.

Search Datum

Any circle which passes through the poles of another great

circle

Secondary great circle

A man was sighted as he fell overboard. After completing a

Williamson turn, the man is not sighted. What type of

search should be conducted?

A. Expanding circle

B. Sector search

C. Parallel track pattern

D. Datum-drift search

Sector search

Which feature, when set to zero, might allow a GPS unit to

have an accuracy equivalent to Precise Positioning Service

receiver capability?

Selective Availability

It is the angle actually measured between the body and the

visible horizon

Sextant altitude

It is the angular distance measured from the first point of

Aries to the star.

SHA

Angle at the pole measured from 000º to 360º westward

from the meridian of the star.

SHA

It is the sextant error if the horizon mirror is not

perpendicular to the plane of the instrument

Side error

The scale is correct along any meridian Simple conic projection

121

Any circle on the surface of the sphere which does not pass

through the centre of sphere and therefore does not divide

the sphere into two equal halves

Small circle

Which current would you encounter on a direct passage

from South Africa to Argentina, South America?

A. South Atlantic Current

B. Agulhas

C. South Equatorial

D. Guinea

South Atlantic Current

An ocean current that generally flows in the easterly

direction to a point west of Cape of Good in the arc of

prevailing westerlies is called:

A. South Atlantic Current

B. South American Current

C. North Atlantic Current

D. Argentinian Current

South Atlantic Current

The usual sequence of directions in which a tropical cyclone

moves in the Southern Hemisphere is _______.

A. northwest, west, and south

B. southwest, south and southeast

C. north, northwest and east

D. west, northwest and north

southwest, south and

southeast

________ results from projecting points on the surface of

the Earth onto a tangent plane, from a point on the surface

of the Earth opposite the point of tangency.

stereographic

projection

Radial lines from any point on the surface to a plane to the

antipode of the point of the projection.

Stereographic

projection

Projecting rays is the point opposite the planes point of

tangency.

Stereographic

projection

The horizontal area covered by cyclonic condition is the:

A. stormy area

B. vertex

C. storm field

D. vortex

storm field

122

A relatively thin shell of air, water vapor, and suspended

particulates surrounding the earth is called _____.

LAYERS of Atmosphere (TSMTE) UPPER LAYERS

TROPOSPHERE

TROPOPAUSE

STRATOSPHERE

STRATOPAUSE

MESOSPHERE

MESOPAUSE

THERMOSPHERE

THERMOPAUSE

EXOSPHERE

Note: Layer = SPHERE

Upper Layer = PAUSE

Atmosphere

On top of the tropopause is the layer ______.

stratosphere

Layer between thermosphere and exosphere. Thermopause

The layer of the atmosphere between the troposphere and

the stratosphere is the:

A. Stratopause C. Exosphere

B. Mesopause D. Tropopause

Tropopause

The top of the troposphere is marked by a transition layer

called:

tropopause

A layer in the atmosphere with a negligible quantity of gas,

whose temperature increases with increase in height.

A. thermosphere C. stratosphere

B. ionosphere D. mesosphere

thermosphere

As altitude increases, air pressure decreases due to

decreased weight of air above. More than of the air is

concentrated within a layer called _____.

troposphere

The layer of the atmosphere above the stratosphere is

called:

mesosphere

123

Fetch is the:

A. distance a wave travels between formation and decay

B. stretch of water over which a wave forming wind blows

C. time in seconds required for two crests to pass a given

point

D. measurement of a wave steepness

stretch of water over

which a wave forming

wind blows

A sea breeze is a wind:

A. That blows towards the sea at night

B. That blows towards an island during the day

C. Caused by cold air descending a coastal incline

D. Caused by the distant approach of a hurricane

That blows towards an

island during the day

What wind results from a land mass cooling more quickly

at night than the adjacent water area?

A. Coastal breeze

B. Sea breeze

C. Land breeze

D. Mistral

Land breeze

The Geographical longitude of the body will be numerically

equal to the Meridian angle only when:

the body is setting

The Coordinator Surface Search in a SAR situation should

display by day:

A. The code flags FR

B. Code flag Quebec over a black ball

C. A black ball over a black diamond shape

D. Two black diamond shapes in a vertical line

The code flags FR

If the altitude of the elevated pole is 90°, therefore:

A. The Polar distance is also 90°

B. The Declination is indeterminate

C. The latitude of the observer is at the pole

D. The Polar distance equals the declination

The latitude of the

observer is at the pole

The ecliptic is: the path the Sun

appears to take among

the stars

124

What are the relative positions of the Sun, the Earth and a

Planet when the planet is at inferior conjunction?

the Planet is between

the Earth and the Sun

Which of the following is NOT an indication that pack ice

may be nearby?

A. The presence of icebergs

B. Ice blink

C. Absence of wave motion

D. Sighting a walrus in the Arctic

The presence of

icebergs

Your ship is navigating independently in heavy ice when it

becomes beset. Which of the following statements is NOT

true?

A. The vessel will most likely require an icebreaker to free

her

B. The vessel may be able to free herself by pumping

ballast from side to side

C. The propeller is more susceptible to ice damage when

turning slowly than when stopped

D. It is advisable to clear the rudder area of ice by using

ahead turns before backing down

The propeller is more

susceptible to ice

damage when turning

slowly than when

stopped

The date of the chart-Nautical charts bear three dates

which are important to persons using them. The first

edition date (month year) printed centrally in the upper

margin.

This issue contains all

up to date which are

hand corrected in the

old issues.

The date of the chart-Nautical charts bear three dates

which are important to persons using them. The first

edition date (month year) printed centrally in the upper

margin.

This issue contains all

up to date which are

hand corrected in the

old issues.

The path of intended travel between three or more points is

the:

Track

________ combines plane sailing solutions when there are

two or more courses and determines the equivalent course

and distance made good by a vessel steaming along a series

of rhumblines.

traverse sailing

125

The angular distance of the body above the rational

horizon. An arc of the vertical circle which passes through

the body contained between the rational horizon and the

body is called:

True altitude

What are leaning type of letters in Nautical charts used

for?

underwater and floating

features

One of the factors which affects the circulation of ocean

current is:

A. Humidity C. Vessel traffic

B. Varying densities of water D. The jet stream

Varying densities of

water

This is defined as the speed the molecules making up the

atmosphere in order to overcome the force of gravity.

velocity of escape

It is a great circle passing through the observer’s zenith

which is perpendicular to the rational horizon.

Vertical circle

When a warm air mass overtakes a cold air mass, the

contract surface is called a:

A. line squall C. cold front

B. water spout D. warm front

warm front

What is the distance from the bottom of a wave trough to

the top of a wave crest?

A. wave length C. wave height

B. wave breadth D. wave depth

wave height

Weather system in the middle latitudes generally travel

from:

West to East

Appendices of the Planning Guide contains the following

information EXCEPT:

wind force and current

sets

Which publications can give you an accurate information

on the availability of repairs you need in a particular port?

World port index

126

What publication contains information about the port

facilities in Cadiz, Spain?

World Port Index