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Government of Tripura

CuLTIVATIONTECHN]QUESOFPAPAYA

A Technical Bulletin from :Horti. Research Complex,Nagicnerra, West Tripura.

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JJIIIZ-I3_f§fI_'f'=l,Ll'-IT?,-I;I§;lmum mm

Government of Tripura

CULTIVATIONTECHNIQUES OF PAPAYA

III>

A Technical Bulletin from .'Horti. Research Complex,Nagicherra, West Tripura.

F T-'

‘-t- f~.

JJIIIZ-I3_f§fI_'f'=l,Ll'-IT?,-I;I§;lmum mm

Government of Tripura

CULTIVATIONTECHNIQUES OF PAPAYA

III>

A Technical Bulletin from .'Horti. Research Complex,Nagicherra, West Tripura.

PAPAYA

(ire pflRE)Papaya is one of the popular fruit crop of Tripura, lt is grown in tropical and

subtropical area. It i8 now recognized as highly nutritive, economic and

important medicinal crop.

Papaya fruit is

being consumed as freshand ripe as well asvegetable in Tripura. Very

few farmers are cultivating

papaya in Tripura due toprone of viral and fungusdi§ease§. These diseasescan be controlled byfollowing suitable planting

Season, nursery and

orchard management with some technical knowhow & special care. It haslong been known & cultivated in home gardens because it is one Of the fewfruits which is available throughout the year, gives quick return.

Species and Cultivar§

Papaya belongs to the family Caricaceae.Can.ca papaya is the `only species grownfor edible fruits ,Qf the 48 species knownin Caricaceae.

Culiiva

1) Washington : It is distinguishedby purple rings at the riods & dark

purple petio[s. Fruit is medium tolarge sized, round to ovate, anindividual fruit weight 2.5 kg,

2) Coorg Honey Dew : Adwarf ,heavy bearerr the fruits are almostoblong. It is Gynodioecious,

3) Pusa Dwarf : Suitable for areas where the winds are common, lt isDioecjous.

4) PHsa Majestic : Plants bear fruits of medium size. (1.25 to 1.50 kg).

Fruits have good storage quality. Tolerant to virus & resistant tonematode.

5) Pusa Nanha : A dwarf variety, well suited for kitchen garden or potcultivation.

PAPAYA(§_at.i..<.=_a. mean)

Papaya is one of the popular fruit crop of Tripura. It is grown in tropical andsubtropical area. lt is now recognized as highly nutritive, economic and

My M pp important medicinal crop.Papaya fruit is

being consumed as freshand ripe as well asvegetable in Tripura. Veryfew farmers are cultivatingpapaya in Tripura due toprone of viral and fungusdiseases. These diseasescan be controlled byfollowing suitable plantingseason, nursery and

orchard management with some technical knowhow & special care. It haslong been known & cultivated in home gardens because it is one of the fewfruits which is available throughout the year, gives quick return.

l____.____.__.______aSpecies 8"“ °"'""a's = . Papaya belongs to the family Caricaceae. 'Carica papaya is the only species grownfor edible fruits ,of the 48 species knownin Caricaceae.

I Cvlfivars -' A Ir;1 ) Washington : lt is distinguished

by purple rings at the nods & darkpurple petiols. Fruit is medium tolarge sized, round to ovate, anindividual fruit weight 2.5 kg.

2) Coorg Honey Dew : A dwarf ,heavy bearer, the fruits are almostoblong. It is Gynodioecious.

3) Pusa Dwarf : Suitable for areas where the winds are common. It isDioecious.

4) Pusa Majestic : Plants bear fruits of medium size. (1.25 to 1.50 kg).Fruits have good storage quality. Tolerant to virus & resistant tonematode.

5) Pusa Nanha : A dwarf variety, well suited for kitchen garden or potcultivation.

PAPAYA(§_at.i..<.=_a. mean)

Papaya is one of the popular fruit crop of Tripura. It is grown in tropical andsubtropical area. lt is now recognized as highly nutritive, economic and

My M pp important medicinal crop.Papaya fruit is

being consumed as freshand ripe as well asvegetable in Tripura. Veryfew farmers are cultivatingpapaya in Tripura due toprone of viral and fungusdiseases. These diseasescan be controlled byfollowing suitable plantingseason, nursery and

orchard management with some technical knowhow & special care. It haslong been known & cultivated in home gardens because it is one of the fewfruits which is available throughout the year, gives quick return.

l____.____.__.______aSpecies 8"“ °"'""a's = . Papaya belongs to the family Caricaceae. 'Carica papaya is the only species grownfor edible fruits ,of the 48 species knownin Caricaceae.

I Cvlfivars -' A Ir;1 ) Washington : lt is distinguished

by purple rings at the nods & darkpurple petiols. Fruit is medium tolarge sized, round to ovate, anindividual fruit weight 2.5 kg.

2) Coorg Honey Dew : A dwarf ,heavy bearer, the fruits are almostoblong. It is Gynodioecious.

3) Pusa Dwarf : Suitable for areas where the winds are common. It isDioecious.

4) Pusa Majestic : Plants bear fruits of medium size. (1.25 to 1.50 kg).Fruits have good storage quality. Tolerant to virus & resistant tonematode.

5) Pusa Nanha : A dwarf variety, well suited for kitchen garden or potcultivation.

6) Taiwan : "s is gynodioeciousvariety with blood red colouredflesh and good taste.

Surya and Honey dew are also notablecultivar of papaya.

A high fertile Soil with good drainage is

most desirable for successful papayacultivation. The plant grows well in

sandy loam soil having PH between 6,5to7.

Papaya grows well in sun, warm & humid climate. The plant can be grownto elevation of 1000 in above the sea level but can't withstand frost. Idealtemperature for papaya is between 25 to 30 degree centigrade. Temp.bellow 10 degree centigrade inhibits growth, maturity and ripening of fruits.

Dry climate during flowering often causes sterility, while dry climate during

fruit maturity adds to the sweetness of fruit,

Papaya is generally grown from seeds. Papaya seeds have a tendency toloss their viability very fast within 60-90 days. Being cross pollinated, the

plants raised from seed may have a mixed heritance with wide variability.Freshly extracted seed show low germination due to presence Of sarcotestawhich act as inhibitor. The seed are cleaned with saw dust or ash of cattledung tQ remove the muci!aginous coating and dried in shade,

Papaya seedling raised in polythene bags stands after transplanting betterthan those raise in seedbeds. Seedling can be raised in perforated polythenebags of 20 cm x 15cm size of 150 to 200 gaiige filled with equal proportion

( 1 :1:1) of top soil, FYM and sand. Germination takes place within 10 to 20days after sowing depending upon the prevailing temp. Seeds are sown in 1cm depth. Generally the seedling become ready for transplanting in about45 to 60 days.

Sept.-Oct. planting is generally done in the region where rainfall is heavy andvirus problem is acute in rainy season. During monsoon season ( June-July)

planting of seec}ling can be done in ti!la land.

Pits of 45cm X 45cm X45 cm sizes are to be made at required distancewhich should be filled with top soil alongwi{h 20 kg of FYM and 1 Kg

neemcake. twoYseedling§ ( Dicecious var.} should be planted in each pitand single seedling planting for Gynodioecious line (Var.) followed by light

irrigation mixed With Captan @2 gin per lit water,

6) Taiwan : This is gynodioeciousvariety with blood red colouredflesh and good taste.

Surya and Honey dew are also notablecultivar of papaya.I Soil : I I ‘jA high fertile soil with good drainage ismost desirable for successful papaya

I cultivation. The plant grows well inI sandy loam soil having PH between 6.5I to 7.

[Climate : q --------5' ---—----ifI I pp itPapaya grows well in sun, warm & humid climate. The plant can be grownto elevation of 1000 m above the sea level but can't withstand frost. Idealtemperature for papaya is between 25 to 30 degree centigrade. Temp.bellow 10 degree centigrade inhibits growth, maturity and ripening of fruits.Dry climate during flowering often causes sterility, while dry climate duringfruit maturity adds to the sweetness of fruit.| Propagation : IPapaya is generally grown from seeds. Papaya seeds have a tendency toloss their viability very fast within 60-90 days. Being cross pollinated, theplants raised from seed may have a mixed heritance with wide variability.Freshly extracted seed show low germination due to presence of sarcotestawhich act as inhibitor. The seed are cleaned with saw dust or ash of cattledung to remove the mucilaginous coating and dried in shade.5eed|i"9 mfl"a9em@"I"

Papaya seedling raised in polythene bags stands after transplanting betterthan those raise in seedbeds. Seedling can be raised in perforated polythenebags of 20 cm x 15cm size of 150 to 200 gauge filled with equal proportion( 111:1) of top soil, FYM and sand. Germination takes place within 10 to 20days after sowing depending upon the prevailing temp. Seeds are sown in 1cm depth. Generally the seedling become ready for transplanting in about45 to 60 days.

Sept.-Oct. planting is generally done in the region where rainfall is heavy andvirus problem is acute in rainy season. During monsoon season ( June-July)planting of seedling can be done in tilla land.I Planting = 1%itPits of 45cm X 45cm X45 cm sizes are to be made at required distancewhich should be filled with top soil alongwith 20 kg of FYM and 1 Kgneemcake. Two seedlings ( Dioecious var.) should be planted in each pitand single seedling -planting for Gynodioecious line (var.) followed by lightirrigation mixed with Captan @2 gm per lit water.

6) Taiwan : This is gynodioeciousvariety with blood red colouredflesh and good taste.

Surya and Honey dew are also notablecultivar of papaya.I Soil : I I ‘jA high fertile soil with good drainage ismost desirable for successful papaya

I cultivation. The plant grows well inI sandy loam soil having PH between 6.5I to 7.

[Climate : q --------5' ---—----ifI I pp itPapaya grows well in sun, warm & humid climate. The plant can be grownto elevation of 1000 m above the sea level but can't withstand frost. Idealtemperature for papaya is between 25 to 30 degree centigrade. Temp.bellow 10 degree centigrade inhibits growth, maturity and ripening of fruits.Dry climate during flowering often causes sterility, while dry climate duringfruit maturity adds to the sweetness of fruit.| Propagation : IPapaya is generally grown from seeds. Papaya seeds have a tendency toloss their viability very fast within 60-90 days. Being cross pollinated, theplants raised from seed may have a mixed heritance with wide variability.Freshly extracted seed show low germination due to presence of sarcotestawhich act as inhibitor. The seed are cleaned with saw dust or ash of cattledung to remove the mucilaginous coating and dried in shade.5eed|i"9 mfl"a9em@"I"

Papaya seedling raised in polythene bags stands after transplanting betterthan those raise in seedbeds. Seedling can be raised in perforated polythenebags of 20 cm x 15cm size of 150 to 200 gauge filled with equal proportion( 111:1) of top soil, FYM and sand. Germination takes place within 10 to 20days after sowing depending upon the prevailing temp. Seeds are sown in 1cm depth. Generally the seedling become ready for transplanting in about45 to 60 days.

Sept.-Oct. planting is generally done in the region where rainfall is heavy andvirus problem is acute in rainy season. During monsoon season ( June-July)planting of seedling can be done in tilla land.I Planting = 1%itPits of 45cm X 45cm X45 cm sizes are to be made at required distancewhich should be filled with top soil alongwith 20 kg of FYM and 1 Kgneemcake. Two seedlings ( Dioecious var.) should be planted in each pitand single seedling -planting for Gynodioecious line (var.) followed by lightirrigation mixed with Captan @2 gm per lit water.

The planting density depends on the number of factors like cul{ivars to be

grown, soil type and the rainfall pattern of the locality.

Spacing- 2m X 2m for tall variety = 2500 plants/hac

1.5m x 1.5m for dwarf variety=4400 plants/hac

With proper management and care the papaya plants start flowering 4-7months after planting. At flowering stage, excess plants are to be removedkeeping only one plant in each pit and maintaining a female : male plant

ratio of 10 : 1 in case of dioecious line.

The papaya crop is very heavy feeder. The following doses Of nutrients perfruiting season per plant is required as below-

i) FYM

ii) Neemcake

iii) Urea

SSPMOP

10k8

1kg

600 gin1400 8in700gm

The inorganic fertilizers shoulcl be given in six Split doses ( once in two

months) during vegetative growth and flowering stage, For better growth offruit 1 or 2 spraying of Zns04 @ 5gm/lit water and Borax @ 1 gin/lit water

during vegetative growth and flowering stage.

Protective irrigation ls required in the first year of planting, ln the second yearwhen the plants are laden with friiits, irrigation at 10 days interval in winter

and at 5 days interval in summer is needed till harvesting of fruits.

J. Weed ¢o»fro/. Eljminate weeds as they compete for nutrients, lightand water and can harbor pest and also vector of diseases.

2. Bwdi memawhg -Auxiliary shoots or buds have to be cut off as they

absorb nutrients.

3. Sfredding of /eaves -Older leaves should be eliminated, they canact as hest for pest and diseases,

4, Fmi'! remowhg. When 2-3 fruits grow in the same pedicel, it i§recommended to keep only one fruit. Care should be taken whileremoving the extra fruits in the pedieel*

5. §appch -Staking should be provided when the bearing is more andheavy.

6, F#u/-i growth and harvesfi'ng -The fruits take 130 -165 days toreach maturity depending on cultivar arid prevailing temp. during the

course of fruit development. The fruit should be harvested indMduallyby hand picking.

The planting density depends on the number of factors like cultivars to begrown, soil type and the rainfall pattern of the locality.Spacing- 2m X 2m for tall variety = 2500 plants/hac

1.5m x 1.5m for dwarf variety=4400 plants/hacI Removal of unwanted plants : F‘3With proper management and care the papaya plants start flowering 4-7months after planting. At flowering stage, excess plants are to be removedkeeping only one plant in each pit and maintaining a female : male plantratio of 10 : 1 in case of dioecious line.

| Manuring : I IThe papaya crop is very heavy feeder. The following doses of nutrients perfruiting season per plant is required as below-

i) FYM - 10 kgii) Neem cake - 1 kgiii) Urea - 600 gm

SSP ~ 1400 gmMOP - 700gm

The inorganic fertilizers should be given in six split doses ( once in twomonths) during vegetative growth and flowering stage. For better growth offruit 1 or 2 spraying of ZnSO4 @ 5gm/lit water and Borax @ 1 gm/lit waterduring vegetative growth and flowering stage.llrrioativn = Protective irrigation is required in the first year of planting. In the second yearwhen the plants are laden with fruits, irrigation at 10 days interval in winterand at 5 days interval in summer is needed till harvesting of fruits.

1 . Weed control - Eliminate weeds as they compete for nutrients, lightand water and can harbor pest and also vector of diseases.

2. Bud removing - Auxiliary shoots or buds have to be cutoff as theyabsorb nutrients.

3. Shedding of leaves - Older leaves should be eliminated, they canact as host for pest and diseases.

4. Fruit removing - When 2-3 fruits grow in the same pedicel, it isrecommended to keep only one fruit. Care should be taken whileremoving the extra fruits in the pedicel.

5. Support - Staking should be provided when the bearing is more andheavy.

6. Fruit growth and harvesting - The fruits take 130 -165 days toreach maturity depending on cultivar and prevailing temp. during thecourse of fruit development. The fruit should be han/ested individuallyby hand picking.

The planting density depends on the number of factors like cultivars to begrown, soil type and the rainfall pattern of the locality.Spacing- 2m X 2m for tall variety = 2500 plants/hac

1.5m x 1.5m for dwarf variety=4400 plants/hacI Removal of unwanted plants : F‘3With proper management and care the papaya plants start flowering 4-7months after planting. At flowering stage, excess plants are to be removedkeeping only one plant in each pit and maintaining a female : male plantratio of 10 : 1 in case of dioecious line.

| Manuring : I IThe papaya crop is very heavy feeder. The following doses of nutrients perfruiting season per plant is required as below-

i) FYM - 10 kgii) Neem cake - 1 kgiii) Urea - 600 gm

SSP ~ 1400 gmMOP - 700gm

The inorganic fertilizers should be given in six split doses ( once in twomonths) during vegetative growth and flowering stage. For better growth offruit 1 or 2 spraying of ZnSO4 @ 5gm/lit water and Borax @ 1 gm/lit waterduring vegetative growth and flowering stage.llrrioativn = Protective irrigation is required in the first year of planting. In the second yearwhen the plants are laden with fruits, irrigation at 10 days interval in winterand at 5 days interval in summer is needed till harvesting of fruits.

1 . Weed control - Eliminate weeds as they compete for nutrients, lightand water and can harbor pest and also vector of diseases.

2. Bud removing - Auxiliary shoots or buds have to be cutoff as theyabsorb nutrients.

3. Shedding of leaves - Older leaves should be eliminated, they canact as host for pest and diseases.

4. Fruit removing - When 2-3 fruits grow in the same pedicel, it isrecommended to keep only one fruit. Care should be taken whileremoving the extra fruits in the pedicel.

5. Support - Staking should be provided when the bearing is more andheavy.

6. Fruit growth and harvesting - The fruits take 130 -165 days toreach maturity depending on cultivar and prevailing temp. during thecourse of fruit development. The fruit should be han/ested individuallyby hand picking.

The profitable productive life of papaya is 3 years, provided the cropis well managed. Thereaifer the trees become too tall and uneconomical.The fruit yield of papaya varies widely according to variety, soil, climate and

management Of the orchard. Cm an average each plant of improved varietiesbear 20 -40 fruits weighing 40-75 kg in one fruiting season. On an average

yield of 60-75 tons per hectare may be expected in a season from an orchardOf papaya.

; Pest and

1. Damping off -causal organ'ism-Pythium aphanidermatum andPtryfophrf]ora pa/mj`vora.. Causes rotting of Seedling in the nursery,

Control - Before sowing the seeds should be treated with fungalculture of Triehoderma viride (34gm/kg seed} or Captan (3gm/kg seed) to

protect the newly emerging seedlings,

Drenching the seedling with Ridomil MZ or Carzate @ 1ml/lit water

or Bavistin @2gm/lit water gives good protection.

2. Collar rot and stem rot `.

Causal ®rgan`ism Pythium aphanjdermatum, Phytophthora

parasitica.

Water loggjng and bad drainages are the major €ontribiiting factorsfor this disease. The leaves from top side one found drooping yellowing andthen they fall off. Rotting of plants and tree trunks ultimately fall down.

Control -Seed treatment with Thiram or Captan @ 2gm/kg of seed.Application Of l.richQderma viride (15gm/plant} mixed with FYM should be

applied around the root zone at the time of planting. Drenching the soil withRidomil MZ or Carbendazim @ 1gm/lit water or bordeaux mixture (1%) or

Blitox (3gm/litre) gives good protection at 10-15 days interval .

3, A#iferacnose .' Causal organism~ Co//eto!richum spp. It affectsthe leaves, flowers and fruits as a result they fall off prematurely, lt can bemanaged by spraying Carbendazjm @ 1gm/lit water or Difolton @ 2gm/litwater.

4. Papaya mosai.a /Rr+ig apo£ ¥irlfsj .. Top leaves begin to have a

yellow mosaic in the leaf blade and green oily streaks appear on the stemand petioles of yoiinger leaves. This ring spot appears on flowers and fruits.

Control - Whenraising the seedlings coverthe nursery with nylon meshof suitable size. Keep the plotfree of weeds which mayharbor the vectors. Vectorscan be checked by sprayingof Rogor @2ml/lit water ormetasystox( 2ml/litre) at 10-15 days interval speci@l]y

during summer and rainy

Productive lire and fruit new = The profitable productive life of papaya is 3 years, provided the crop

is well managed. Thereafter the trees become too tall and uneconomical.The fruit yield of papaya varies widely according to variety, soil, climate andmanagement of the orchard. On an average each plant of improved varietiesbear 20 -40 fruits weighing 40-75 kg in one fruiting season. On an averageyield of 60-75 tons per hectare may be expected in a season from an orchardof papaya.Pest and diseases : q I

1 ‘ ‘

1. Damping off - causal organism-Pythium aphanidermatum andPhytophthora palmivora._ Causes rotting of seedling in the nursery.

Control - Before sowing the seeds should be treated with fungalculture of Trichoderma viride (3-4gmlkg seed) or Captan (3gm/kg seed) toprotect the newly emerging seedlings.

Drenching the seedling with Ridomil MZ or Carzate @ lmlllit wateror Bavistin @2gm/lit water gives good protection.

2. Collar rot and stem rot :Causal organism Pyfhlum aphanidermatum, Phytophfhora

parasitica.Water logging and bad drainages are the major contributing factors

for this disease. The leaves from top side one found drooping yellowing andthen they fall off. Rotting of plants and tree trunks ultimately fall down.

Control - Seed treatment with Thiram or Captan @ 2gmlkg of seed.Application of Trichoderma viride (15gmlplant) mixed with FYM should beapplied around the root zone at the time of planting. Drenching the soil withRidomil MZ or Carbendazim @ 1gm/lit water or bordeaux mixture (1%) orBlitox (3gm/litre) gives good protection at 10~15 days interval .

3. Anthracnose : Causal organism- Colletotrichum spp. It affectsthe leaves, flowers and fruits as a result they fall off prematurely. It can bemanaged by spraying Carbendazim @ 1gmllit water or Difolton @ 2gm/litwater.

4. Papaya mosaic (Ring spot virus) : Top leaves begin to have ayellow mosaic in the leaf blade and green oily streaks appear on the stemand petioles of younger leaves. This ring spot appears on flowers and fruits.

Control - Whenraising the seedlings coverthe nursery with nylon meshof suitable size. Keep the plotfree of weeds which mayharbor the vectors. Vectorscan be checked by sprayingof Rogor @2ml/lit water ormetasystox( 2ml/litre) at 10-15 days interval speciallyduring summer and rainy

Productive lire and fruit new = The profitable productive life of papaya is 3 years, provided the crop

is well managed. Thereafter the trees become too tall and uneconomical.The fruit yield of papaya varies widely according to variety, soil, climate andmanagement of the orchard. On an average each plant of improved varietiesbear 20 -40 fruits weighing 40-75 kg in one fruiting season. On an averageyield of 60-75 tons per hectare may be expected in a season from an orchardof papaya.Pest and diseases : q I

1 ‘ ‘

1. Damping off - causal organism-Pythium aphanidermatum andPhytophthora palmivora._ Causes rotting of seedling in the nursery.

Control - Before sowing the seeds should be treated with fungalculture of Trichoderma viride (3-4gmlkg seed) or Captan (3gm/kg seed) toprotect the newly emerging seedlings.

Drenching the seedling with Ridomil MZ or Carzate @ lmlllit wateror Bavistin @2gm/lit water gives good protection.

2. Collar rot and stem rot :Causal organism Pyfhlum aphanidermatum, Phytophfhora

parasitica.Water logging and bad drainages are the major contributing factors

for this disease. The leaves from top side one found drooping yellowing andthen they fall off. Rotting of plants and tree trunks ultimately fall down.

Control - Seed treatment with Thiram or Captan @ 2gmlkg of seed.Application of Trichoderma viride (15gmlplant) mixed with FYM should beapplied around the root zone at the time of planting. Drenching the soil withRidomil MZ or Carbendazim @ 1gm/lit water or bordeaux mixture (1%) orBlitox (3gm/litre) gives good protection at 10~15 days interval .

3. Anthracnose : Causal organism- Colletotrichum spp. It affectsthe leaves, flowers and fruits as a result they fall off prematurely. It can bemanaged by spraying Carbendazim @ 1gmllit water or Difolton @ 2gm/litwater.

4. Papaya mosaic (Ring spot virus) : Top leaves begin to have ayellow mosaic in the leaf blade and green oily streaks appear on the stemand petioles of younger leaves. This ring spot appears on flowers and fruits.

Control - Whenraising the seedlings coverthe nursery with nylon meshof suitable size. Keep the plotfree of weeds which mayharbor the vectors. Vectorscan be checked by sprayingof Rogor @2ml/lit water ormetasystox( 2ml/litre) at 10-15 days interval speciallyduring summer and rainy

season,

5, L®## c##/ of papaya ,. The disease i§ transmitted by the vectorwhite fly (Bemisia tabaci), Curling ,crinkling ancl deformation Of the leaves is

the symptom. apart from curling the leaves exhibit vein clearing andthickening of the veins, The affected plants show a stunted growth.

Control . Spray of metasy§tox (2 ml/litre) or Nuvacron (0.5 mlMtre)

or Confidor (1.5 m! /litre) or Triazophos (1 r5 ml/litre) to prevent the vector.

6. Leaf blight (Gorynespora Ga58iioofa} .I The d.isease fiirst appearas small discoloured lesions which are irregularly scattered on the leaves.

Control . Disease can be controlled by Spraying of Dithane M-45starting from the appearance of the symptoms.

1. Aphid§ : Actas vectorspests of papaya ringspotvirus and mosaic.Spray the systemic insecticides as written in disease control.

2, Red spider Mites : Spider mites affects the fruits by way of causingscarring which reduce the market value of fruit. Control : Spraying of

phosphamidon (0.5 ml /litre) or Dicofol (2ml/litre water) reduce thespider mites population.

3. Root knot nematode fffle/®j*deg##S Sp.j.' The symptoms are the

yellowing and then shedding of leaves, premature fruit drop, rootgalling and finally death of the plant in severe cases of infestation.

Control :

I) Application of2 ton/ha of neem cake before planting reducethe incidence.

11) Application ofcarbofuran 3g @ 20 kg /ha in the field control

the nematodes.

PL;a/i-snecy by .. Horti. Research Com|.lax, Nagicherra, WestTripura and Printed by Sungrapnics, Agartala, Ph. : 2328469

SGHSOTI.

5. Leaf curl of papaya : The disease is transmitted by the vectorwhite fly (Bemisia tabaci). Curling ,crinkling and deformation of the leaves isthe symptom. apart from curling the leaves exhibit vein clearing andthickening of the veins. The affected plants show a stunted growth.

Control - Spray of metasystox (2 ml/litre) or Nuvacron (0.5 ml/litre)or Confidor (1.5 ml /litre) or Triazophos (1.5 ml/litre) to prevent the vector.

6. Leaf blight (Corynespora cassiicola) : The disease first appearas small discoloured lesions which are irregularly scattered on the leaves.

Control - Disease can be controlled by spraying of Dithane M-45starting from the appearance of the symptoms.Major ' I IPests .

1. Aphids : Act as vectors pests of papaya ring spot virus and mosaic.Spray the systemic insecticides as written in disease control.

2. Red spider Mites : Spider mites affects the fruits by way of causingscarring which reduce the market value of fruit. Control : Spraying ofphosphamidon (0.5 ml llitre) or Dicofol (2ml/litre water) reduce thespider mites population.

3. Root knot nematode (Meloidogyne Sp.) : The symptoms are theyellowing and then shedding of leaves, premature fruit drop, rootgalling and finally death of the plant in severe cases of infestation.Control :I) Application of 2 tonlha of neem cake before planting reduce

the incidence.ll) Application of carbofuran 3g @ 20 kg /ha in the field control

the nematodes.

PUD/l'S/7661 DY .' HOHII. RESEBPCII COIHDIGX, NHQICIWETTB, WESIITFIDUF8 3l'lCI PFIFIIIGCI ID\/ $Ul'lQI"3|)I1iCS, AQEIFIIHIEI, PI). I 2328469

SGHSOTI.

5. Leaf curl of papaya : The disease is transmitted by the vectorwhite fly (Bemisia tabaci). Curling ,crinkling and deformation of the leaves isthe symptom. apart from curling the leaves exhibit vein clearing andthickening of the veins. The affected plants show a stunted growth.

Control - Spray of metasystox (2 ml/litre) or Nuvacron (0.5 ml/litre)or Confidor (1.5 ml /litre) or Triazophos (1.5 ml/litre) to prevent the vector.

6. Leaf blight (Corynespora cassiicola) : The disease first appearas small discoloured lesions which are irregularly scattered on the leaves.

Control - Disease can be controlled by spraying of Dithane M-45starting from the appearance of the symptoms.Major ' I IPests .

1. Aphids : Act as vectors pests of papaya ring spot virus and mosaic.Spray the systemic insecticides as written in disease control.

2. Red spider Mites : Spider mites affects the fruits by way of causingscarring which reduce the market value of fruit. Control : Spraying ofphosphamidon (0.5 ml llitre) or Dicofol (2ml/litre water) reduce thespider mites population.

3. Root knot nematode (Meloidogyne Sp.) : The symptoms are theyellowing and then shedding of leaves, premature fruit drop, rootgalling and finally death of the plant in severe cases of infestation.Control :I) Application of 2 tonlha of neem cake before planting reduce

the incidence.ll) Application of carbofuran 3g @ 20 kg /ha in the field control

the nematodes.

PUD/l'S/7661 DY .' HOHII. RESEBPCII COIHDIGX, NHQICIWETTB, WESIITFIDUF8 3l'lCI PFIFIIIGCI ID\/ $Ul'lQI"3|)I1iCS, AQEIFIIHIEI, PI). I 2328469