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FORESTS AND THE KYOTO PROTOCOL
Darren C GoetzeSenior Policy AdvisorInternational Affairs Div., Climate Change Bureau
Carbon Sinks in the CDM: Policy, Opportunities & Challenges
Overview
Environmental potential of sinks projectCurrent status of sinks in the CDMTowards a CDM sinks strategyCase studiesConclusion
Potential Sinks Projects
Direct reduction of emissions reducing deforestation by protecting forests under
threat of conversion to agriculture or pasture, reducing forest degradation by protecting natural
forests from the impacts of human activities, substituting biomass energy sources for fossil fuels, slowing/reversing degradation of agricultural soils.
Indirect reduction of emissions via sequestration restoring natural forests in deforested/degraded areas, expanding agroforests and plantations.
Co-benefits of Sinks Projects
Biodiversity Habitat preservation/expansion
Desertification Soil moisture conservation Soil stabilization/erosion prevention
Socio-economic Sustainable use of non-wood products Economic development
Bonn Agreement
Afforestation and reforestation projects eligible under the CDM
Credits limited to 1% of Annex I Party’s base year emissions per year Equivalent to ca. 50 Mt C/yr (total Annex
I)
Marrakech Accord
Relevant elements of the deal include:
Prompt start of the CDM
Modalities and procedures
Simplified modalities and procedures for some small-scale projects by CoP 8 “Other project activities that both reduce
anthropogenic emissions by sources and that directly emit less than 15 kt CO2/ yr”
Missing Pieces
Still required for operationalizing CDM afforestation and reforestation projects:
Definitions and modalities Workshop before SBSTA 16 Decision at CoP 9
Good practice guidance Part of IPCC work programme
Definitions and Modalities
Definitions should be consistent with those decided for Article 3 activities
Modalities should be guided by the IPCC SR LULUCF project chapter
Towards a Sinks Project Strategy
Elements of SuccessSecure, high-quality carbon credits
Risk-management and dilution key Matching credit stream to investor carbon
liabilities Improved sustainability of ecosystem
services Deliver high co-benefits
Recognition of local resource use Meet the need, don’t fight it
Contribution to local economic development Sustainable income potentials, local partners
Towards a Sinks Project Strategy
Recommended focus:Portfolio of multi-component projects
that deliver high environmental co-benefits and engage local communities
Case Study – Nyakach, Kenya
Nyakach Region Biomass Enhancement Project
Reforestation of ca. marginal semi-arid low-lying plains in Nyakach region with sisal and Prosopis Reduced rate of deforestation and environmental
degradation
Co-benefits include Soil rehabilitation Quality fodder and cleaner biofuel for cooking and
heating Wood, fiber and dyes for local entrepreneurs Poverty alleviation, improved living standard for
women
Case Study – Colombia
Andean Biodiversity Corridor ProjectReforestation project to build 2 biodiversity
corridors by restoring native biomes around existing forest fragments
Silvo-pastoril buffers on edges of the corridorsBuild on ongoing research and conservation in
corridors supported by GEFUmbrella Project with heavy local involvementSequestration of ca. 76 Mt C over 50 year
project lifetime
Case Study – Colombia
Co-benefits include Agro-forestry programs for local
energy/heatWood Energy Source protects corridor
Silvo-pastoril milk cow management with nitrogen-fixing legumesProvide High Quality Fodder for CowsCoexists with Local Pasture Species
Conclusion
Eligibility and credits limited, uncertainty remains, sinks still regarded with suspicion
1st CP key: Must pick projects strategically, manage risk carefully and deliver high co-benefits
Darren Goetze, Senior Policy Advisor Environment Canada < [email protected] >
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