f m record

7/26/2019 f m record

1/49

BM COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AECHNOLOGYBM COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AECHNOLOGY SBM COLLEGE OF ENGINEERIND TECHNOLOGY SBM COLLEGE NGINEERING AND TECHOLOGY SBM COLLEF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY SOLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOBM COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AECHNOLOGY SBM COLLEGE OF ENGINEERIND TECHNOLOGY SBM COLLEGE NGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY SOLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOBM COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AECHNOLOGY SBM COLLEGE OF ENGINEERIND TECHNOLOGY SBM COLLEGE NGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY SOLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOBM COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AECHNOLOGY SBM COLLEGE OF ENGINEERIND TECHNOLOGY SBM COLLEGE NGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY SOLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOBM COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AECHNOLOGY SBM COLLEGE OF ENGINEERI

ND TECHNOLOGY SBM COLLEGE

SBM COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGYSBM COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

SBM COLLGE OF ENGINEERING

AND TECHNOLOGY

DINDIGUL

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

FLUID MECHANICS LAB RECORD

Name :

Roll no :

Register no :


2/49

Deartment O! Me"#ani"al Engineering Fl$i% Me"#ani"sla&orator'

T#amarai a%i( Din%ig$l)*+

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

Certifed that this is a Bonafde reord o! "or# done $% se&'an

((((((((((((((((())Ro&& No ((((())))) in The F&*id

Mehanis La$orator% + CE ,-./ d*rin0 the aade1i Year -.,. 2 -.,,

Sta, In C#arge HOD

Date

S*$1itted To The Anna Uni'ersit% Pratia& E3a1ination He&d On

(((((() At Sri S*$ra1an%a Co&&e0e O! En0ineerin0 and Tehno&o0%4

S*##a1anai#an5att%4 Pa&ani)

Register No:

Internal E-aminer E-ternal

E-aminer

.age/


3/49


INDE0

E3)No Date Na1e o! the E35eri1ent Pa0e)No

Mar# Si0n

,) St*d% o! 5ress*re 1eas*rin0 de'ie)

-)Deter1ination o! the o+e6ient o! dishar0eo! 0i'en orife 1eter)

7)Deter1ination o! the o+e6ient o! dishar0e

o! 0i'en 8ent*ri 1eter)

9)Deter1ination o! the o+e6ient o! dishar0e

and 5erenta0e o! s&i5 o! 0i'en rota 1eter)

:) Deter1ination o! !rition !ator !or 0i'en 5i5e)

;)To st*d% the 5er!or1ane and dra" the

harateristi *r'es o! entri!*0a& 5*15)


4/49


,-To st*d% the 5er!or1ane and dra" theharateristi *r'es o! >a5&an T*r$ine)

STUDY OF .RESSURE MEASURING DE2ICE

E3)No? Date?

AIM:

To st*d% the 'ario*s 5ress*re 1eas*rin0 de'ie)

.RESSURE GAUGE:

The de'ies "hih are *sed4 !or reordin0 5ress*re o! a &i@*id at a 5oint are

#no"n as 5ress*re 0a*0e) The% are t"o t%5es

,) Mano1eters)

-) Mehania& Press*re Ga*0es)

3+ MANOMETERS:

The% are de'ies4 *sed to re0ister 5ress*re at a 5oint or 5ress*re dierene

$et"een t"o 5oints in the s%ste14 in ter1s o! &i@*id) To 1eas*re hi0her ran0es o!

5ress*res4 hea'ier &i@*ids &i#e 1er*r% are *sed as 1ano1etri &i@*ids !or &o"er

5ress*re ran0es)

T%5es o! 1ano1eters

The o11on t%5es o! 1ano1eters are4

i) Pieo1eter t%5e

ii) U+T*$e 1ano1eter

iii) U+T*$e dierentia& 1ano1eter and

i') Miro 1ano1eters

.IE4OMETER TUBE:

Pieo1eter t*$e is the si15&est t%5e o! 5ress*re 0a*0e) It is a 0&ass t*$e

o5en at $oth ends) One end is o5en to at1os5here and the other end is onneted

to the 5oint o! the s%ste1 "here the 5ress*re is to $e !o*nd o*t) The Pieo1eter

t*$e is #e5t in a 'ertia& 5osition) The &i@*id rises in the Pieo1eter t*$e *nti&

e@*i&i$ri*1 is 1aintained) The hei0ht4 thro*0h "hih the &i@*id rises in the t*$e4

diret&% 0i'es the 5ress*re head o! &i@*id so1e o! the Pieo1eter t*$es annot $e

.age5


5/49

Deartment O! Me"#ani"al Engineering Fl$i% Me"#ani"sla&orator'*sed to 1eas*re hi0h 5ress*res) The% a&so annot re0ister ne0ati'e or 'a*1

5ress*res)

U)TUBE MANOMETER:

U+T*$e 1ano1eter is a t*$e $ent in U+sha5e) The 5ress*res in the t"o

&i1$s are e@*a&4 sine there is ontin*it% o! the 1ano1etri &i@*id at the o11on

s*r!ae) Usin0 this 5rini5&e4 the 5ress*re h at the 5oint a an $e deter1ined)The 5ress*re at 5oint a is 0i'en $% the e@*ation) h3 s1+s,s,J

The dierentia& 1ano1eters are *sed to 1eas*re the dierene $et"een t"o

5oints)f0)7 sho"s a U+T*$e dierentia& 1ano1eter) The t"o ends o! 1ano1eter are

onneted to the 5oint A and B4 "hose 5ress*re dierene is !o*nd o*t) The

5ress*re dierene $et"een the 5oints A and B is 0i'en $% the e@*ation4

ha2h$h-s-Ks1+h,s

I! the &i@*id at 5oint A and B are sa1e4 i)e)4 s,s-4 then the 5ress*re

dierene is 0i'en $% the e@*ation4 ha+h$3 s1 K s,h-+h,I! the 5oints A and B are at the sa1e &e'e&4 i)e)41h-K34then45ress*re dierene is

0i'en $% the e@*ation 4 ha+h$3

Miro 1ano1eters

Miro 1ano1eters are other"ise a&&ed sensiti'e 1ano1eters or 5reision)

The U+t*$e 1ano1eter is 1ade sensiti'e $% en&ar0in0 one o! its &i1$s) The &i1$

"ith en&ar0ed end is onneted to the 5ress*re 5oint and the other &i1$ is o5en to

the at1os5here) The 5ress*re at 5oint A is 0i'en $% the e@*ation)

h h-s1KaA h-s1+s,+h,s,

A and B are the ross setiona& areas o! en&ar0ed end and U 2 T*$e res5eti'e&%)

-) Mehania& 5ress*re 0a*0es

The% an $e *sed to reord the 5ress*re at a 5oint) The o11on t%5es

o! the1 are4

.age*


6/49


,) Bo*rdon 5ress*re 0a*0e)

-) Dead 5ress*re 0a*0e)

7) Dia5hra01 5ress*re 0a*0e)

BOURDON .RESSURE GAUGE:

It is the 1ost o11on t%5e o! 5ress*re 0a*0e) It onsists o! a ho&&o"4$ent4 1eta&&i t*$e o! e&&i5tia& ross setion4 &osed at the one end) The other end is

onneted to the 5oint4 the 5ress*re o! "hih is re@*ired)

hen the &i@*id *nder 5ress*re 0oes into the t*$e4 it tends to $eo1e

ir*&ar in ross+ Setion4 tendin0 the t*$e to strai0hten itse&!) Sine4 the t*$e is

enased in a ir*&ar o'er it $eo1es ir*&ar instead o! strai0ht "ith the he&5 o! a

si15&e 5inion and setor arran0e1ent4 the e&asti de!or1ation o! the Bo*rdons

t*$e rotates the 5ointer) The 5ointer 1o'es o'er a 0rad*ated dia& to read the

5ress*re diret&%) hen the 0a*0e is disonneted the 5ointer reads ero4 sine the5ress*re inside the t*$e is at1os5heri 5ress*re)

.age6


7/49


OBSER2ATIONS AND TABULATIONS:

S&)

No

Mano1etri

Readin0s1 o!

1er*r%h

Ti1e !or

H ,.

1 Rise4

t s

Dishar0e C1 s

Coe6ient o!

8ent*ri1eter

> a t

Theoretia&

t

a,a--0h

a,-+a--

At*a&

t

AH

t

h , h -

h,+h-

.age7


8/49


DETERMINATION OF COEFFICIENT OF ORIFICE METER

E3)No? Date?

AIM:

To deter1ine the oe6ient # o! the orife 1eter)

THEORY:

Orife 1eter is a de'ie4 *sed to 1eas*re the dishar0e o! an% &i@*id Qo"in0

thro*0h a 5i5e &ine) The 5ress*re dierene $et"een in&et and dia5hra01 o! the

orife 1eter is reorded *sin0 a 1er*r% dierentia& 1ano1eter4 and the ti1e is

reorded !or a 1eas*red dishar0e)

Theoretia& dishar0e4

ta,a- -0h a,-+a--

here4

a, Area o! in&et

a- Area o! orife 3 h,+h-

h Dierentia& head in ter1s o! Qo"in0 &i@*ids)

3 s1s,+,J 3 ,7);,+,J,-);3)

h, Mano1etri head in one &i1$ o! the 1ano1eter)

h- Mano1etri head in other &i1$ o! the 1ano1eter)

.age8


9/49

Deartment O! Me"#ani"al Engineering Fl$i% Me"#ani"sla&orator' S1s5eif 0ra'it% o! 1ano1etri &i@*id ,7); 1er*r%

S, s5eif 0ra'it% o! Qo"in0 &i@*id , "ater

0 Ae&eration d*e to 0ra'it%

a AHt

here4 a At*a& dishar0eA Interna& 5&an Area o! o&&etin0 tan#

H Rise o! &i@*id

t Ti1e o! o&&etion

# ath

here4 # Coe6ient o! Orife 1eter

a At*a& dishar0e

t theoretia& dishar0e

A..ARATUS USED:

,) An orife 1eter

-) Dierentia& U+T*$e 1er*r% 1ano1eter

7) Co&&etin0 tan# ftted "ith Pieo1eter and ontro& 'a&*e

9) sto5 "ath

:) Metre sa&e)

.ROCEDURE:

,) The dia1eters o! the in&et and the orife are reorded and the interna&

5&an di1ensions o! the o&&etin0 tan# are 1eas*red)

-) >ee5in0 the o*t&et 'a&'e &osed4 the in&et 'a&'e is o5ened !*&&%)

7) The o*t&et 'a&'e is o5ened s&i0ht&% and the 1ano1etri heads in $oth

the &i1$s h, and h- are noted)

9) The o*t&et 'a&'e o! the o&&etin0 tan# is &osed ti0ht&% and the ti1etre@*ired !or H rise o! "ater in the o&&etin0 tan# is o$ser'ed *sin0 a

sto5 "ath)

:) The a$o'e 5roed*re is re5eated $% 0rad*a&&% inreasin0 the Qo" and

o$ser'in0 the re@*ired readin0s)

.age9


10/49


;) The o$ser'ations are ta$*&ated and the oe6ient o! the orife 1eter

o15*ted)

GRA.H:

Gra5h a 8s h and a 8s h are dra" ta#in0 h and h on +a3is

RESULT:

Co+e6ient o! Orife 1eter4 #

.age3


11/49

Deartment O! Me"#ani"al Engineering Fl$i% Me"#ani"sla&orator'OBSER2ATIONS AND TABULATIONS:

S&)

No

Mano1etri

Readin0s1 o!

1er*r%h

Ti1e !or

H ,.

1 Rise4

t s

Dishar0e C1 s

Coe6ient o!

8ent*ri1eter

> a t

Theoretia&

t

a,a--0h

a,-+a--

At*a&t

AH

t

h , h -

h,+h-

.age33


12/49


DETERMINATION OF COEFFICIENT OF 2ENTURIMETER

E3)No? Date?

AIM: To deter1ine the oe6ient > o! the 'ent*ri1eter

THEORY:8ent*ri1eter is a de'ie4 *sed to 1eas*re the dishar0e o! an% &i@*id

Qo"in0 thro*0h a 5i5e &ine) The 5ress*re dierene $et"een the in&et and the throat

o! the 'ent*ri1eter is reorded *sin0 1er*r% dierentia& 1ano1eter4 and the ti1e

is reorded !or the 1eas*red dishar0e)

Theoretia& dishar0e4

t a,a--0h a,-2 a--

here4

a, Area o! in&et a- Area o! orife h 8ent*ri head in ter1s o! !o&&o"in0 &i@*ids h 3 s1s,+,J

h, Mano1etri head in one &i1$ o! the 1ano1eter) h- Mano1etri head in other &i1$ o! the 1ano1eter) S1 s5eif 0ra'it% o! Mano1etri &i@*id ,7); 1er*r% S, s5eif 0ra'it% o! Qo"in0 &i@*id , "ater 0 Ae&eration d*e to 0ra'it% a AHt here4

a At*a& dishar0eA Interna& 5&an Area o! o&&etin0 tan#

H Rise o! &i@*idt Ti1e o! o&&etion# ath

here4# Coe6ient o! Orife 1eter

a At*a& dishar0et theoretia& dishar0e

A..ARATUS USED:

,) 8ent*ri1eter

-) Dierentia& U+T%5e 1er*r% 1ano1eter

7) Co&&etin0 tan#4 ftted "ith 5ieo1eter and ontro& 'a&'e

9) Sto5 "ath

:) Meter sa&e

.age3/


13/49


.ROCEDURE:

,) The dia1eters o! the in&et and the throat are reorded and the interna& 5&andi1ensions o! the o&&etin0 tan# are 1eas*red)


7) The o*t&et 'a&'e is o5ened s&i0ht&% and the Mano1etri heads in $oth &i1$s

h,and h- are noted)

9) The o*t&et 'a&'e o! the o&&etin0 tan# is &osed ti0ht&% and the ti1e t

re@*ired !or H rise o! "ater in the o&&etin0 tan# is o$ser'ed *sin0 a sto5

"ath)

:) The a$o'e 5roed*re is re5eated $% 0rad*a&&% inreasin0 the Qo" ando$ser'in0 the re@*ired readin0s)

;) The o$ser'ations are ta$*&ated and the oe6ient o! the 8ent*ri1eter

o15*ted)

GRA.H:

Gra5h a8s h and a8s h are dra"n ta#in0 h and h on +a3is

RESULT: Coe6ient o! 8ent*ri1eter4 #

.age31


14/49



S&)No

Rota 1eter

Readin0LPH

t LPH 3

.)-


15/49


DETERMINATION OF COEFFICIENT AND .ERCENTAGE OF SLI. OF

ROTAMETER

E3)No? Date?

AIM:To fnd o*t the oe6ient o! dishar0e and 5erenta0e o! s&i5 o! 0i'en

rota1eter)

A..ARATUS USED:

i) Rota 1eter

ii) Co&&etin0 tan#

iii) Sto5"ath

iv. Sa&e

FORMULAE USED:

Cd a t

a AH t 17s

t Ta#en !ro1 Rota 1eter readin0

A Area o! o&&etin0 tan#4

H ,.1 rise o! "ater4

T Ti1e ta#en !or ,.1 rise o! "ater in seonds

Perenta0e o! s&i5 t2 a t 3 ,..

,+Cd 3 ,..

.ROCEDURE:

,) >ee5 a&& the three 'a&'es 1ain Qo" entra& 'a&'e4 fne Qoe entra& 'a&'e and

the 5ri1ar% 'a&'e !*&&% o5ened) Do the 5ri1in0 and &ose the 5ri1e 'a&'e)

-) Start the 1otor

7) Then o5en the fne entra& 'a&'e o15&ete&% and o5en the 1ain Qo" entra&

'a&'e 5artia&&% ;:

9) A&&o" the s%ste1 to r*n !or 7+: 1in*tes4 so that Qo" o! "ater is o$tained)

:) Th*s $% *sin0 1ain and fne entra& 'a&'es set the re@*ired "ater Qo" rate at

the rota 1eter !ro1 hi0her Qo" to &o"er Qo")

;) The Qoat4 "hih is in the rota 1eter 1o'es *5 and do"n !re@*ent&%)

.age3*


16/49



17/49



S&)No

Mano1etriReadin0s1

o! 1er*r%

Losso!

head

,-);3

1

Ti1e !orH ,.

1 Rise4

t s

Dishar0e AH t

1 s

8e&oit%8 a

1 s

Frition!ator F

-0dh L8-

h , h -

h,+h-

.age37


18/49


DETERMINATION OF .I.E FRICTION FACTOR

E3)No? Date?

AIM:

To deter1ine the !rition !ator ! o! the 0i'en 5i5e

THEORY:hen &i@*id Qo"s thro*0h a 5i5e &ine4 it is s*$eted to !ritiona& resistane)

The !ritiona& resistane de5ends *5on the ro*0hness o! the inner s*r!ae o! the

5i5e) More the ro*0hness4 0reater is the !ritiona& resistane)

The &oss o! head $et"een a se&eted &en0th o! 5i5e is o$ser'ed !or a

1eas*red dishar0e)

The !rition !ator ! is a&*&ated $% *sin0 the e35ression)

h! Q'- -0dhere4

h! &oss o! head d*e to !rition3 h,2 h-3 s1 s, 2 ,J ,-); 3h, Mano1etri head in one &i1$ o! the 1ano1eterh- Mano1etri head in other &i1$ o! the 1ano1eter

S1 s5eif 0ra'it% o! Mano1etri &i@*id ,7); 1er*r% S, s5eif 0ra'it% o! Qo"in0 &i@*id , "ater

! !rition !atorL &en0th o! 5i5e $et"een the 5ress*re ta55in0 o#s

8 8e&oit% o! Qo" in 5i5ea AH ta interna& 5&an area o! o&&etin0 tan#h Hei0ht o! o&&etion in o&&etin0 tan#t ti1e o! o&&etion !or H rise in the o&&etin0 tan#a ross setiona& area o! 5i5ed Dia1eter o! 5i5e0 Ae&eration d*e to 0ra'it%

A..ARATUS USED:

,) A 5i5e 5ro'ided "ith in&et and o*t&et 'a&'es and ta55in0 o#s)

-) Dierentia& U+T*$e 1ano1eter)

7) Co&&etin0 tan# ftted "ith 5ieo1eter and ontro& 'a&'e)

9) Sto5 "ath)

:) Metre sa&e)

.age38


19/49


.ROCEDURE:

,) The dia1eter o! the 5i5e is 1eas*red and the interna& 5&an di1ensions o! theo&&etin0 tan# and the &en0th o! the 5i5e&ine $et"een the t"o 5ress*re

ta55in0 o#s are 1eas*red)


7) The o*t&et 'a&'e is o5ened s&i0ht&% and the Mano1etri heads in $oth &i1$s

h,and h- are noted)

9) The o*t&et 'a&'e o! the o&&etin0 tan# is &osed ti0ht&% and the ti1e t

re@*ired !or H rise o! "ater in the o&&etin0 tan# is o$ser'ed *sin0 a sto5

"ath):) The a$o'e 5roed*re is re5eated $% 0rad*a&&% inreasin0 the Qo" and

o$ser'in0 the re@*ired readin0s)

;) The o$ser'ations are ta$*&ated and the oe6ient o! the 8ent*ri1eter

o15*ted)

GRA.H:

A 0ra5h h!8s 8-is dra"n4 ta#in0 h!on +a3is

RESULT:

Frition !ator o! the 0i'en 5i5e4 !

.age39


20/49



S&)No S*tionheadHs

De&i'er%headHd

Re1

ar#s

.age/


21/49


Tota&hea

dHH

sK

HdK

G1

Ti1e

!or

h

,.1

Rise4

tGs

Ti1e

!or

Nr

:re'o

&*tionso

!theener0%1e

ter

dis4

tGs

Dishar0e

AHt

O*

t5*

t!ro1

the5*15Po

H"a

tts

In5*

tthe1o

tor

Pi

7;..

Nr

,...

"a

tts

Ne

T

E!!iien%o

!the5*15U

GPo

Pi,..

11

o!Hs

,.

+7,7

);

>0

1

-

>0

1

-3

,.1

o!"a

ter

.age/3


22/49


CHARACTERISTIC CUR2ES OF CENTRIFUGAL .UM.E3)No? Date?

AIM:

To deter1ine the $est dri'in0 onditions o! the 0i'en entri!*0a& 5*15 o!

onstant s5eed and to dra" the harateristi *r'es)

THEORY:

A 5*15 is a de'ie4 *sed !or &i!tin0 &i@*ids !ro1 a &o"er &e'e& to a hi0her &e'e&)

The 5*15 inreases the ener0% o! a &i@*id in a &osed s%ste1) It on'erts

1ehania& ener0% into 5ress*re ener0%) A entri!*0a& 5*15 de'ies its na1e !ro1

its entri!*0a& ation) It on'erts 1ehania& ener0% into h%dra*&i ener0%)

The ener0% s*55&ied to the 5*15 is 1eas*red !ro1 an ener0% 1eter) The

"or# done $% the 5*15 is o$tained !ro1 the 1eas*red dishar0e and tota& &i!t) The

.age//


23/49

Deartment O! Me"#ani"al Engineering Fl$i% Me"#ani"sla&orator'tota& &i!t is o15*ted !ro1 the o$ser'ations o! the s*tion 0a*0e4 5ress*re 0a*0e

and their re&ati'e 5ositions)

Dishar0e a AH t

a At*a& dishar0e4

A 2 Interna& 5&an area o! o&&etin0 tan#4

H 2Rise o! &i@*id ,.1

T 2 Ti1e o! o&&etion

Tota& head) H HsK Hd K

here

Hs s*tion head in 1eters o! "ater)

Hd De&i'er% head in 1eters o! "ater)

Dierene in &e'e& $et"een the entres o! 'a*1 and 5ress*re 0a*0es)

In5*t to the 1otor4

5, Pi 7;..Nr,... "atts

Ne T

here4

Ne ener0% 1eter onstant in re'o&*tion 5er >h)

Nr N*1$er o! re'o&*tions o! ener0% 1eter dis in seonds

T Ti1e ta#en !or : re'o&*tions in the ener0% 1eter)

O*t5*t !ro1 the 5*154 Po H

here4

*nit "ei0ht o! "ater =/,. N 17

at*a& dishar0e 17s

H Tota& Head 1

E!!iien% o! the 5*15 Po P

i ,..

here4 Po O*t5*t 5o"er4

Pi in5*t 5o"er)

A..ARATUS USED:

.age/1


24/49


,) Centri!*0a& 5*15

-) Co&&etin0 tan#

7) Pieo1eter

9) Metre sa&e

:) Sto5 "ath

;) Ener0% 1eter


25/49


$ Press*re 0a*0e readin0Hd

Ti1e T ta#en !or Nr re'o&*tions o! the ener0% 1eter dis)

d Ti1e ta#en !or 5arti*&ar rise h o! the "ater &e'e& in the o&&etin0

tan#4 #ee5in0 o*t5*t 'a&'e o15&ete&% &osed)

;)The a$o'e o$ser'ations4 !or dierent de&i'er% 'a&'e o5enin0s are ta$*&ated)The e6ien% o! the 5*15 is o15*ted)

GRA.H:

The !o&&o"in0 0ra5h are dra"n ta#in0 on +a3is

i) Dishar0e 8s head H

ii) Dishar0e 8s o*t5*tPo

iii) Dishar0e 8s 5erenta0e e!!iien%

RESULT:

The harateristi *r'es are dra"n !ro1 the 5oint o! 1a3i1*1 e6ien% the

$est dri'in0 onditions are !o*nd o*t)

The $est dri'in0 onditions o! the 5*15 are o$tained "hen4

,) Dishar0e

-) Head H

7) O*t5*t Po

9) E!!iien%

OBSER2ATIONS AND TABULATION:

S&)No Mano1eterreadin0s

De&i'er%5ress*re

Dis

har0e

AHt

In5*

tthe1

otor

Pi

7;..N

r

,...

"a

tts

.age/*


26/49


Tota&head

H

Hd

+G1

Ti1e

!or

Nr

:re'o

&*tionso

!theener0%

1e

ter

dis4t

Gs

O*

t5*

t!ro1

the5*15Po

H"a

tts

Ne

T

E!!iien%o

!the5*15U

GPo

Pi,..

h,

1

h-

1

H

,-

);Gh-

2h,,.

+-

>0

1

-

>0

1

-3

,.

Hd1

o!"a

ter

.age/6


27/49


CHARACTERISTIC CUR2ES OF SUBMERSIBLE .UM.E3)No? Date?

AIM:To dra" the harateristi *r'es o! s*$1ersi$&e 5*15)

THEORY:

P*15 de'ies are *sed !or &i!tin0 &i@*ids !ro1 a &o"er &e'e& to hi0her &e'e&) Iton'erts 1ehania& ener0% into h%dra*&i ener0%) S*$1ersi$&e 5*15 essentia&&%onsists o! a 1*&ti sta0e set) Eah set is 1ade o! a 1i3ed Qo" i15e&&er "ith a3ia&di*ser asse1$&%) The sha!t o! the 5*15 is onneted to the 1otor4 "hih is ho*sedon the $otto1 o! the set) The 5*15 and the 1otor asse1$&% are s*$1er0ed in

"ater) The ener0% s*55&ied to the 5*15 is 1eas*red *sin0 ener0% 1eter) The "or#done $% the 5*15 is o$tained !ro1 the 1eas*red dishar0e and tota& &i!t)

Dishar0e4 a Cda,a- -0h a,-+a--Tota& Head h HdK O*t5*t !ro1 the 5*15 Po HIn5*t the 1otor Pi 7;..Nr,... "atts

Ne T

E!!iien% o! the 5*15 Po Pi ,..here4 T ti1e ta#en !or : re'o&*tion o! ener0% 1eter

A..ARATUS RE;UIRED:,) S*$1ersi$&e 5*154

-) o&&etin0 tan#4

7) Metre sa&e4

9) Sto5 "ath4

:) Ener0% 1eter4

;) Press*re 0a*0e


28/49


7) Ta#e se'era& set o! readin0s4 'ar%in0 the head !ro1 the 1a3i1*1 to

1ini1*1)

9) For 'ario*s heads in5*t4 o*t5*t and e6ien% o! the 5*15 are a&*&ated)

GRA.H:

,) Dishar0e 8s E6ien%

-) Dishar0e 8s head4 ta#in0 dishar0e a&on0 + a3is

RESULT:

,) The 1a3i1*1 e6ien%

-) Head orres5ondin0 to the 1a3i1*1 e6ien%

7) Dishar0e orres5ondin0 to 1a3i1*1 e6ien%

.age/8


29/49


OBSER2ATION < TABULATION:

S&)No S*tionheadHs

De&i'er%headHd

Tota&hea

dH

HsKH

dK

G1

Ti1e

!or

h

,.1

Rise4

tGs

Ti1e

!or

Nr

-re'o

&*tionso

!theener0%1eter

dis4

tGs

A

t*a

&Dis

har0e

AHt

Theore

tia

&Dis

har0e

t

-ALN;.

Cd

a

t

s&i5

S

Gt

2a

t

3,..

Pi

G7;..N

r,...N

eT

"a

tts

Po

H"a

tts

V

GPo

Pi3

,..

11

o!H0

,.

+7

,7

);

>0

1

-

>0

1-

3,.1

o!"a

ter

.age/9


30/49


DETERMINE THE COEFFICIENT OF DISCHARGE( SLI.( AND EFFICINCY

OF RECI.ROCATING .UM.

E3)No? Date?

AIM:To deter1ine the oe6ient o! dishar0e Ca4 s&i5S4 and e!!iien% o! the

rei5roatin0 5*15)

THEORY:

A 5*15 is a de'ie4 *sed !or &i!tin0 &i@*ids !ro1 &o"er &e'e& to hi0her &e'e&)

The 5*15 inreases the 5ress*re ener0% o! a &i@*id in a &osed s%ste1) A

rei5roatin0 5*15 deri'es its na1e !ro1 the rei5roatin0 1otion o! the 5iston) B%

the 1o'e1ent o! a 5iston or a 5&*n0er4 "or#in0 inside a %&inder dra"s the &i@*id

and !ores it o*t o! the %&inder) It is other"ise #no"n as 5ositi'e dis5&ae1ent

5*15) The ener0% s*55&ied to the 5*15 is 1eas*red !ro1 an ener0% 1eter) The

"or#done $% the 5*15 is o$tained !ro1 the 1eas*red dishar0e and the tota& &i!t)

The tota& &i!t is o15*ted !ro1 the o$ser'ations o! the s*tion 0a*0e4 5ress*re

0a*0e and their re&ati'e 5ositions)

a AH t

here a At*a& dishar0e4

A 2 Interna& 5&an area o! o&&etin0 tan#4

.age1


31/49


H 2Rise o! &i@*id ,.1

T 2 Ti1e o! o&&etion

Theoretia& dishar0e4 t ALN ;.

hereL .),7-1

D .)./1N ran# s5eed in r51

A ross setiona& area o! %&inder in 1-

D dia1eter o! %&inder)

L &en0th o! %&inder or &en0th o! stro#e in 1)

Coe6ient o! dishar0e Cd a t

S&i5 theoretia& dishar0e t 2 At*a& Dishar0e a s&i5 S t2 a tJ ,.. , + Cd ,..

O*t5*t !ro1 the 5*15 Po H N1s or "atts

In5*t the 1otor Pi 7;..Nr,... "atts

Ne T

here4

Ne ener0% 1eter onstant in re'o&*tion 5er >h)

Nr N*1$er o! re'o&*tions o! ener0% 1eter dis in seondsT Ti1e ta#en !or : re'o&*tions in the ener0% 1eter)

PROCEDURE?,) The interna& 5&an di1ensions o! the o&&etin0 tan# and the dierene in

&e'e& $et"een the entres o! 'a*1 and 5ress*re 0a*0es 1eas*red)

-) The s5eed o! the 5*15 and the ener0% 1eter onstant Ne are noted)

7) The 5*15 is 5ri1ed "ith "ater)

9) ith the de&i'er% 'a&'e !*&&% &osed the dri'in0 *nit is started)

:) B% re0*&atin0 the de&i'er% 'a&'e4 the dishar0e and hene the de&i'er%

head are 'aried) For eah 5osition o! the de&i'er% 'a&'e4 !ro1 o15&ete&%

&osed to 1a3i1*1 o5en)

e 8a*1 0a*0e readin0 Hs

! Press*re 0a*0e readin0Hd

.age13


32/49


0 Ti1e T ta#en !or Nr re'o&*tions o! the ener0% 1eter dis)

h Ti1e ta#en !or 5arti*&ar rise h o! the "ater &e'e& in the o&&etin0

tan#4 #ee5in0 o*t5*t 'a&'e o15&ete&% &osed)

;) The a$o'e o$ser'ations4 !or dierent de&i'er% 'a&'e o5enin0s are

ta$*&ated) The e6ien% o! the 5*15 is o15*ted)GRA.H:

The !o&&o"in0 0ra5h are dra"n ta#in0 on +a3is

i') Dishar0e 8s head H

') Dishar0e 8s o*t5*tPo

'i) Dishar0e 8s 5erenta0e e!!iien%

RESULT:

The harateristi *r'es are dra"n !ro1 the 5oin o! 1a3i1*1 e6ien% the

$est dri'in0 onditions are !o*nd o*t)The $est dri'in0 onditions o! the 5*15 are o$tained "hen4

,) Dishar0e

-) Head H

7) O*t5*t Po

9) E!!iien%


S&no

S*

tion

hea

din11

H0

1o

!o

i&Hs

,.

+73

,7

);

Press*

re0a*0erea

din0

>0

1

-

Ti1et

a#en

!or

h

:1

rise

in

o

&&e

tion

tan

#

Press*re

he

adHd1o

!o

i&>0

1

-3

,-

):

Tota&hea

dH

HsK

Hdin1o

!o

i&

Ti1e

ta#en

!or

Nr

:re'o

&*tionso

!

ener0%1e

ter

inseon

ds

At*a

&dis

har0e

a11

7s

In5*

t5o"er

Pi"a

tts

O*

t5o"er

Po"a

tts

E6

ien%

re1ar#s

.age1/


33/49


.age11


34/49


CHARACTRISTICS CUR2E OF GEAR .UM.

E3) No? Date?

AIM:To dra" the harateristis *r'e o! 0ear 5*15

THEORY:A&tho*0h the 0ear 5*15s "hih onsists o! t"o 0ears4 %et its ation on &i@*id

to $e 5*15ed is not d%na1i and it 1ere&% dis5&aes the &i@*id !ro1 one side to

other) Ho"e'er4 the Qo" o! &i@*id to $e 5*15ed is ontin*o*s and *ni!or1 and there

is no han0e o! 'e&oit% and ae&eration *nder nor1a& sta$&e onditions) This t%5e

o! 5*15 is "ide&% *sed !or oo&in0 "ater and 5ress*re oi& to $e s*55&ied !or

&*$riation to 1otors4 t*r$ines 1ahine too&s et)4

The e3terna& 0ear 5*15 in its si15&est !or1 onsists o! t"o identia&

inter1eshin0 s5*r "hee&s "or#in0 "ith a fne &earane inside the asin0) The

"hee&s are so desi0ned4 that the% !or1 a Q*id ti0ht oint at the 5oint o! ontat) One

o! the "hee&s is #e%ed to the dri'in0 sha!t rotor and the other re'o&'es as a dri'en

"hee& id&er)

The 5*15 is frst f&&ed "ith the &i@*id to $e 5*15ed $e!ore it is started) As

the 0ear "hee&s rotate4 the &i@*id is tra55ed in $et"een their teeth and Qo"n to the

dishar0e end ro*nd the asin0) The rotatin0 0ears $*i&d *5 s*6ient 5ress*re to

!ore the &i@*id into the de&i'er% 5i5e) Eah tooth o! the 0ear ats &i#e a 5iston or

5&*n0er o! on rei5roatin0 5*15 and hene the 5*15 an $e ter1ed a 5ositi'e

dis5&ae1ent 5*15)

E6ien% o! the 5*15 W Po Pi ,..

here4

Po o*t5*t 5o"er AH

s5eif "ei0ht o! the oi& =/,. .)/

a At*a& dishar0e Ah t

H Tota& Head Hs K Hd

A Interna& 5&an di1ensions o! the o&&etin0 tan#

H Rise in the o&&etin0 tan# ,.1

T Ti1e ta#en !or the rise in the o&&etin0 tan#

In5*t the 1otor Pi 7;..Nr,... "atts

.age15


35/49

Deartment O! Me"#ani"al Engineering Fl$i% Me"#ani"sla&orator' Ne T

Ne Ener0% 1eter onstant

Nr N*1$er o! re'o&*tions o! ener0% 1eter dis

T Ti1e ta#en !or Nr re'o&*tion o! the ener0% 1eter dis)

A..ARATUS USED:

,) Gear 5*15 "ith dri'in0 *nit

-) Sto5 "ath

7) Metre sa&e

9) Co&&etin0 tan# "ith a 5ieo1eter t*$e

.ROCEDURE:

,) The 5*15 is s"ithed on $% ad*stin0 the de&i'er% 'a&'e4 the 5ress*re 0a*0e

is set)

-) For this 5arti*&ar 5ress*re 0a*0e readin0 the ti1e ta#en T !or Nr re'o&*tion

in the ener0% 1eter4 ti1e ta#en t4 !or a 5arti*&ar 'o&*1e in the o&&etin0

tan# and the 'a**1 0a*0e readin0 are reo'ered)

7) The e35eri1ent is re5eated !or dierent de&i'er% 5ress*res and the

o$ser'ations are ta$*&ated)

9) The interna& 5&an di1ensions o! o&&etin0 tan# and the ener0% 1eter

onstant are noted)

GRA.H=

The !o&&o"in0 0ra5h are dra"n ta#in0 tota& head H on a3is)

Tota& head H 8s a at*a& dishar0e

Tota& head H 8s Pi in5*t 5o"er

Tota& head H 8s e6ien%

RESULT:

,) Ma3i1*1 5erenta0e e6ien% o! the 5*15

-) In5*t 5o"er orres5ondin0 to 1a3i1*1 e6ien%

7) Head orres5ondin0 to 1a3i1*1 e6ien%

9) Dishar0e orres5ondin0 to 1a3i1*1 e6ien%

.age1*


36/49

Deartment O! Me"#ani"al Engineering Fl$i% Me"#ani"sla&orator'OBSER2ATIONS AND TABULATION:

S&no Mano 1eter readin0 M

Press*re0a*0e

r

ea

din0s

In5*

t5o"er

Pi

HGN1

s

Dis

har0e

a

Cd

a,a-

G-0

h

G

a,

-+a-

-

17s

Dea

d"e

i0hton

the

&oa

dhan0er

G

N

Tor@*e

T

GDK

t-

Sha

!ts5ee

dNGr51

O*

t5*

t5o"er

Po

-

NT;.

E6

ien%W

Po

Pi3

,..

Mer*r% ater

h,1 h-1 h

,-); 3

h, 2

h- 3

,. +-

1

>0

1

-

>0

1

-3

,.11

o!"a

ter

.age16


37/49


.age17


38/49


CHARACTERISTIC CUR2ES OF .ELTON >HEEL TURBINE

E3)No? Date?

AIM:

To ond*t the &oad test on the 0i'en 5e&ton "hee& t*r$ine $% #ee5in0

onstant s5eed and 'aria$&e 0ate o5enin0 and to dra" the harateristi *r'es)THEORY:

The 5e&ton "hee& t*r$ine has $een &assifed as an i15*&se t*r$ine4 "here the

a'ai&a$&e head is "ho&&% on'erted into 'e&oit% ener0% "ith a55ro3i1ate&% a3ia&

Qo") It is *sed !or 'er% hi0h heads) It is a 1ost e6ient t%5e o! i15*&se t*r$ine) The

et o! "ater i15in0es on the "hee& !ro1 one or 1ore no&es and stri#es on the

$*#ets) The $*#ets are o! do*$&e he1is5heria& *5 sha5e) The need&e no&e

re0*&ates the Qo" o! "ater) The $*#ets are so sha5ed that the et is dishar0ed

$a#"ards) The s*55&% to the t*r$ine is aeted $% 1eans o! a entri!*0a& 5*15) Anorife 1eter 1eas*res the dishar0e) A dierentia& 1ano+1eter 1eas*res the

dierene in 5ress*re) The 5ress*re 0a*0e at the in&et o! the t*r$ine 1eas*res the

net head s*55&ied $% the 5*15 to the t*r$ine) In5*t 5o"er s*55&ied to the t*r$ine is

a&*&ated !ro1 the net s*55&% head on the t*r$ine and the dishar0e thro*0h the

t*r$ine) The o*t5*t 5o"er !ro1 the t*r$ine is a&*&ated !ro1 the readin0s ta#en on

the ro5e d%na1o1eter and the s5eed o! the sha!t) A taho1eter is *sed to 1eas*re

the s5eed o! the sha!t)

The e6ien% o! the t*r$ine is o15*ted !ro1 the o*t5*t and the in5*t)

For an% settin0 o! the s5ear frst the t*r$ine is r*n !ro1 so1e ti1e at a &i0ht

&oad) In the 'aria$&e s5eed test the $ra#e &oad is inreasin0) Grad*a&&% $% addin0

dead"ei0hts on the &oad) Han0er *nti& the t*r$ine fna&&% eases to re'o&'e)

Re0*&atin0 the dishar0e 0ate 'a&'e o! the 5*15 an 'ar% the net s*55&% head on

the t*r$ine)

FORMULAE USED?

Dishar0e to the t*r$ine4

a Cda,a--0h a,-+a--

here

Cd oe6ient o! dishar0e .)=/h Mano1etri head in 1etersa, area o! the 5i5e in s@)1

.age18


39/49


a- area o! throat in s@)10 s5eif 0ra'it% =)/, 1se-

In5*t 5o"er to the t*r$inePi H N1 se

hereH tota& head in 1eters

O*t 5*t 5o"er to the t*r$inePo -NT ;. N1se

hereT tor@*e in N1

eeti'e radi*s o! $ra#e dr*1 in 1eters 3Net $ra#e &oad on the dr*1 in N

D K t- 3 $N s5eed o! the sha!t in r51D dia1eter o! the $ra#e dr*1 in 1etert thi#ness o! the $e&t)$ $ra#e &oad in N

E6ien% o! the t*r$ineW Po3 Pi 3 ,..

herePo o*t5*t 5o"er Pi in5*t 5o"er

At the 5oint o! 1a3i1*1 e6ien%4 the s5eif s5eed o! the r*nner and thes5eed ratio a&*&ated)

S5eif s5eed o! the t*r$ine Ns NPo h:-

S5eed ratio Nr DN ;. -0h

A..ARATUS RE;UIRED:

,) Pe&ton "hee& *nit

-) S*55&% 5*15

7) Orife 1eter "ith dierentia& 1ano1eter

9) Ro5e $ra#e d%na1o1eter

:) Taho1eter

.ROCEDURE:CONSTANT SPEED /.. r51

,) The s*55&% 5*15 is frst started "ith the dishar0e 'a&'e o15&ete&% &osed)

-) The head is ad*sted to $e 7.1 o! "ater $% !*&&% o5enin0 the 0ate ,/ t*rns

7) The &oads on the $ra#e dr*1 are ad*sted to 0et the onstant s5eed o!

/..r51 and the !o&&o"in0 readin0s are ta#en

Press*re 0a*0e readin0s H

.age19


40/49


Mano1eter readin0 h, and h-

S5eed o! the sha!t N

Dead "ei0ht on the &oad han0er

9) S*$se@*ent set o! a$o'e readin0s are ta#en and ta$*&ated !or 'ario*s 0ate

o5enin0s and 'ar%in0 the $ra#e &oads !or onstants s5eed /..r51)

CONSTANT HEAD ?1m@ FULL GATE O.ENING

,) The s*55&% 5*15 is frst started "ith the dishar0e 'a&'e o15&ete&% &osed)

-) The 0ate 'a&'e is !*&&% o5ened and the head on the "ater s*55&ied to the

t*r$ine is ad*sted to 7.1 o! "ater $% re0*&atin0 the dishar0e 'a&'e)

7) The dead &oads on the $ra#e are ad*sted !or ;..r51 and the !o&&o"in0

Press*re 0a*0e readin0s H

Mano1eter readin0 h, and h-S5eed o! the sha!t N

Dead "ei0ht on the &oad han0er

9) The dead &oads on the $ra#e are ad*sted !or 'ario*s s5eeds and the a$o'e

sets o! readin0s are a$sor$ed and are ta$*&ated)


Dia1eter o! the in&et d,

Dia1eter o! the $ra#e dr*1 D

Thi#ness o! the $e&t t

Dishar0e o! the t*r$ine a

GRA.H:

The !o&&o"in0 0ra5hs are dra"n se5arate&%Constant s5eed test

O*t5*t Po"er Po 8s E6ien% WGate o5enin0 t*rns 8s E6ien% W

Constant head test

S5eed N 8s O*t5*t Po"er PoS5eed N 8s E6ien% WAt the 5oint o! 1a3i1*1 e6ien% o! the 0ra5hs the orres5ondin0 'a&*es o!

e6ien% o*t5*t 5o"er and s5eed are arri'ed at !ro1 the 0ra5hs) Then the s5eifs5eed o! r*nner and s5eed ratio are o15&eted)

RESULT:

.age5


41/49


Ma3i1*1 e6ien%

O*t5*t 5o"er

S5eed

S5eif s5eed S5eed ratio



P

ress*re0a*0e

rea

din0s

In5*

t5o"er

Pi

HGN1

s

Dea

d"e

i0ht

GN

Tor@*e

T

GD

Kt-

GN1

Sha!t

s5ee

dNGr51

O*

t5*

t5o"er

Po

-

NT;.

E6

ien%W

Po

Pi3

,..

Mer*r% ater

h,1 h-1 h

,-); 3

h, 2

h- 3

,. +-

1

>0

1

-

>0

1

-3

,.11

o!"a

ter

.age53


42/49


CHARACTERISTIC CUR2ES OFFRANCIS TURBINE

E3)No? Date?

AIM:

To st*d% the harateristis o! the Franis t*r$ine at !*&& and .); 0*ide 'ane

o5enin0)THEORY:

The Franis t*r$ine is a reation t*r$ine "ith 1i3ed Qo" r*nner) Aro*nd the

r*nner a set o! stationer% 0*ide 'anes direts the "ater into the 1o'in0 'anes) The

0*ide 'anes a&so ser'e as 0ates) A hand&e an ad*st the 0ate o5enin0s) A ha1$er

a&&ed Xs5ira& ha1$er s*rro*nds the 0*ide 'anes) On the dishar0e side4 the "ater

5asses to the tai& rae $% a t*$e a&&ed XDra!t T*$e) The dra!t t*$e ena$&es the

t*r$ine to $e set at a hi0her &e'e& "itho*t sarife in head) Moreo'er it entai&s

re0ainin0 o! 5ress*re ener0%4 th*s inreasin0 the e6ien% o! the t*r$ine) Press*re

0a*0e and 'a**1 0a*0e are set to 1eas*re the heads at ertain 5oints) The

s*55&% to the t*r$ine is aeted $% 1eans o! a entri!*0a& 5*15) An orife 1eter

1eas*res the dishar0e 5assin0 into the t*r$ine) A dierentia& 1ano+1eter

1eas*res the dierene in 5ress*re) The in5*t 5o"er s*55&ied to the t*r$ine is

a&*&ated !ro1 the net s*55&% head on the t*r$ine and the dishar0e thro*0h the

t*r$ine) The o*t5*t 5o"er !ro1 the t*r$ine is a&*&ated !ro1 the readin0s ta#en on

the ro5e $ra#e d%na1o1eter and the s5eed o! the sha!t) A taho1eter is *sed to

1eas*re the s5eed o! the sha!t) T he e6ien% o! the t*r$ine is o15*ted !ro1 the

o*t5*t and the in5*t)

For an% 5arti*&ar settin0 o! the 0*ide 'anes4 frst the t*r$ine is r*n !or so1eti1e

at a &i0ht &oad then the $ra#e &oadin0 is inreased 0rad*a&&% $% addin0 dead "ei0hts

on the &oad han0er) The net s*55&% head on the t*r$ine an $e 1aintained onstant

at the re@*ired 'a&*e $% ad*stin0 the dishar0e 'a&*e o! the 5*15)

.age5/


43/49

Deartment O! Me"#ani"al Engineering Fl$i% Me"#ani"sla&orator'FORMULAE USED:

Dishar0e to the t*r$ine4

a Cda,a--0h a,-+a--here

Cd oe6ient o! dishar0e .)=/

h Mano1etri head in 1etersa, area o! the 5i5e in s@)1

a- area o! throat in s@)10 s5eif 0ra'it% =)/, 1se-




here

T tor@*e in N1 eeti'e radi*s o! $ra#e dr*1 in 1eters 3

Net $ra#e &oad on the dr*1 in N D K t- 3 $

D dia1eter o! the $ra#e dr*1 in 1etert thi#ness o! the $e&t)$ $ra#e &oad in N


herePo o*t5*t 5o"erPi in5*t 5o"er


S5eif s5eed o! the t*r$ine Ns NPo h:-


A..ARATUS RE;UIRED:

,) Franis t*r$ine *nit

-) S*55&% 5*15



:) Taho1eter

;) Press*re 0a*0e


44/49


,) The s*55&% 5*15 is frst started "ith the dishar0e 'a&'e o15&ete&%

&osed)

-) The t*r$ine is ad*sted to the re@*ested 0ate o5enin0 $% o5eratin0 the

hand&e)

7) ater is !ed into the t*r$ine and the t*r$ine is a&&o"ed to r*n !or so1eti1e)9) The ro5e $ra#e is ad*sted !or the re@*ired s5eed o! the sha!t sa% ;..r51

and the !o&&o"in0 sets o! readin0s are ta#en)

a S5eed o! the sha!t N

$ Mano1eter readin0 h, and h-

Press*re 0a*0e readin0 Hd

d 8a**1 0a*0e readin0 Hs

e Dead "ei0ht on the &oad han0er

! S5rin0 $a&ane readin0 s:) S*$se@*ent set a$o'e readin0s are ta#en and ta$*&ated $% 0rad*a&&%

inreasin0 the $ra#e &oad !or dierent s5eeds)

GRA.H:

The !o&&o"in0 0ra5hs are dra"n se5arate&% !or eah 0*ide 'ane o5enin0 !*&&

o5en and .); o5en4 ta#in0 the s5eed on the +a3is)S5eed n 8s O*t5*t 5o"er Po

S5eed n 8s E6ien% W

S5eed n 8s Dishar0e

At an% 5oint o! 1a3i1*1 e6ien% o! the 0ra5hs the orres5ondin0 'a&*es o!

e6ien%4 o*t5*t 5o"er4 dishar0e and s5eed are arri'ed at !ro1 the 0ra5hs) Then

the s5eif Ns4 *nit s5eed N* and *nit 5o"er P* are o15*ted)

RESULT:

Ma3i1*1 E6ien%

.age55


45/49


Ma3i1*1 o*t5*t 5o"er

Dishar0e

.age5*


46/49




Press*re

0a*0e

read

in0s

In5*

t5o"er

Pi

H

GN1

s

Dea

d"ei0

ht

GN

Tor@*e

T

GDK

t-

G

N1

Sha

!ts5eed

NGr51

O*

t5*

t5o"er

Po

-

NT;.

E6

ien%W

Po

Pi3

,..

Mer*r% ater

h,1 h-1 h

,-); 3

h, 2

h- 3

,. +-

1

>0

1

-

>0

1

-3

,.11

o!"a

ter

.age56


47/49


CHARACTERISTIC CUR2ES OFA.LAN TURBINE

E3)No? Date?

AIM:

To st*d% the harateristis o! the >a5&an t*r$ine at !*&& and .); 0*ide 'ane

o5enin0)FORMULAE USED:

Dishar0e to the t*r$ine4a Cda,a--0h a,-+a--

hereCd oe6ient o! dishar0e .)=/h Mano1etri head in 1etersa, area o! the 5i5e in s@)1a- area o! throat in s@)10 s5eif 0ra'it% =)/, 1se-




hereT tor@*e in N1

eeti'e radi*s o! $ra#e dr*1 in 1eters 3Net $ra#e &oad on the dr*1 in N

D K t- 3 $D dia1eter o! the $ra#e dr*1 in 1etert thi#ness o! the $e&t)$ $ra#e &oad in N


herePo o*t5*t 5o"erPi in5*t 5o"er


S5eif s5eed o! the t*r$ine Ns NPo h

:-


.age57


48/49


A..ARATUS RE;UIRED:

,) Franis t*r$ine *nit-) S*55&% 5*15



:) Taho1eter

;) Press*re 0a*0e


49/49


RESULT:

Ma3i1*1 E6ien%

Ma3i1*1 o*t5*t 5o"er

Dishar0e

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