F-GAMMA program - review and recent findings: Unification and physical interpretation of the radio spectra variability patterns in Fermi blazars and jet emission from NLSy1s
E. Angelakis and L. Fuhrmann1 (PI), I. Nestoras1, R. Schmidt1, J. A. Zensus1, N. Marchili1, T. P. Krichbaum1, and H. Ungerechts2, A. Sievers2, D. Riquelme2, C. M. Fromm1, M. Perucho-Pla4, L. Foschini5, G. Ghisellini5, G. Ghirlanda5, G. Tagliaferri5, F. Tavecchio5, L. Maraschi5, M. Giroletti6, G. Calderone7, M. Colpi7, R. Decarli8
1 Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hgel 69, Bonn 53121, Germany 2 Instituto de Radio Astronomía Milimétrica (IRAM), Avenida Divina Pastora 7, Local 20, E 18012 Granada, Spain 4 Departament d’Astronomia i Astrof sica. Universitat de Valencia. C/Dr. Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot (Valencia), Spain 5 INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, Italy 6 INAF - Istituto di Radioastronomia, Bologna, Italy 7 Universita’ di Milano-Bicocca, Dipartimento di Fisica, Milano, Italy 8 Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, Heidelberg, Germany
Thursday, November 10, 2011
• monthly monitoring program for ~60 Fermi-GST blazars since January 2007
• all light curves and spectra available online
• at 2.6 - 345 GHz at 12 frequencies, optical and gamma-rays
• optical polarimetry (expected 2012)
• Linear and Circular Polarization of the Effelsberg data:
e.g. 3C454.3 at 4.85 GHz: we detect ~ 0.82 % CP (Miserlis, Angelakis, Kraus)
www.mpifr.de/div/vlbi/fgamma
100-m Effelsberg
Monthly monitoring of ~60 sources 2.64 - 43 GHz at 8 frequency steps Simultaneous spectra within 40 minutes
L. Furhmann, E. Angelakis, I. Nestoras, J. A. Zensus, N. Marchili, T. P. Krichbaum
30-m IRAM
Monthly monitoring of ~60 sources 86, 142 and 228 GHz Simultaneous spectra within 2 minutes
H. Ungerechts, A. Sievers, D. Riquelme
12-m APEX
S. Larson, A. Weiss
Thursday, November 10, 2011
Monthly monitoring of ~90 sources
Omar Kurtanidze, Maria Nikolashvili, Givi Kimeridze, Lorand Sigua, Revaz Chigladze
1.3 m Skinakas telescope, Greece
polarimetry (Expected Spring 2012)
Thursday, November 10, 2011
Korean VLBI Network 21-m radio telescope Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute
Monthly monitoring of ~90 sources 13 , 7 mm
Bong Won Sohn, Pulun Park, Sang-Sung Lee, Do-Young Byun, Jee Won Lee, Jung Hwan Oh
40-m OVRO telescope (Caltech)
~1200 blazars at least 2–3 times per week (Richards et al. in prep.) 15 GHz
A. C. S. Readhead, V. Pavlidou, J. Richards, W. Max-Moerbeck, T. Pearson
Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie: E. Angelakis
Thursday, November 10, 2011
J. P. Rachen et al.
Fermi-GST
L. Fuhrmann, J. A. Zensus, I. Nestoras
Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie: E. Angelakis
Thursday, November 10, 2011
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2009.28 2009.33 2009.41 2009.48 2009.58 2009.66 2009.74 2009.84 2009.91 2010.01 2010.08 2010.16 2010.20 2010.25 2010.33 2010.39 2010.48 2010.71 2010.79 2010.87 2011.02 2011.17 2011.33
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2009.06 2009.18 2009.28 2009.33 2009.41 2009.48 2009.58 2009.66 2009.74 2009.84 2009.91 2010.01 2010.08 2010.16 2010.20 2010.25 2010.33 2010.39 2010.48 2010.58 2010.71 2010.79 2010.87 2011.02 2011.08 2011.17 2011.33
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F-GAMMA team: Preliminary. Not for publication, distribution or any official use! eangelakis at mpifr.de (www.mpifr.de/div/vlbi/fgamma)
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2008.79 2008.85 2008.93 2009.02 2009.06 2009.18 2009.28 2009.33 2009.41 2009.48 2009.58 2009.66 2009.74 2009.84 2009.91 2010.01 2010.08 2010.16 2010.20 2010.25 2010.33 2010.39 2010.48 2010.56 2010.58 2010.62 2010.71 2010.79 2010.87 2011.02 2011.08 2011.17 2011.33
F-GAMMA team: Preliminary. Not for publication, distribution or any official use! eangelakis at mpifr.de (www.mpifr.de/div/vlbi/fgamma)
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2008.71 2008.79 2008.85 2008.93 2009.02 2009.18 2009.28 2009.33 2009.41 2009.48 2009.58 2009.66 2009.74 2009.84 2009.91 2010.08 2010.16 2010.20 2010.25 2010.33 2010.39 2010.48 2010.56 2010.58 2010.62 2010.71 2010.79 2010.87 2011.02 2011.08 2011.33
F-GAMMA team: Preliminary. Not for publication, distribution or any official use! eangelakis at mpifr.de (www.mpifr.de/div/vlbi/fgamma)
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F-GAMMA team: Preliminary. Not for publication, distribution or any official use! eangelakis at mpifr.de (www.mpifr.de/div/vlbi/fgamma)
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2009.18 2009.28 2009.33 2009.58 2009.66 2009.74 2009.84 2009.91 2010.01 2010.08 2010.16 2010.20 2010.25 2010.33 2010.39 2010.48 2010.56 2010.58 2010.62 2010.71 2010.79 2010.87 2011.02 2011.08 2011.33
F-GAMMA team: Preliminary. Not for publication, distribution or any official use! eangelakis at mpifr.de (www.mpifr.de/div/vlbi/fgamma)
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2009.06 2009.18 2009.28 2009.33 2009.58 2009.66 2009.74 2009.84 2009.91 2010.01 2010.20 2010.25 2010.33 2010.39 2010.48 2010.58 2010.62 2010.71 2010.79 2010.87 2011.02 2011.08 2011.17 2011.33
F-GAMMA team: Preliminary. Not for publication, distribution or any official use! eangelakis at mpifr.de (www.mpifr.de/div/vlbi/fgamma)
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2009.06 2009.18 2009.28 2009.33 2009.41 2009.48 2009.58 2009.66 2009.74 2009.84 2009.91 2010.01 2010.08 2010.16 2010.20 2010.25 2010.33 2010.39 2010.48 2010.58 2010.62 2010.71 2010.79 2010.87 2011.02 2011.17 2011.33
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2009.18 2009.28 2009.33 2009.41 2009.58 2009.66 2009.74 2009.84 2009.91 2010.08 2010.16 2010.20 2010.25 2010.33 2010.39 2010.48 2010.58 2010.62 2010.71 2010.79 2011.02 2011.17 2011.33
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2009.33 2009.41 2009.48 2009.58 2009.66 2009.74 2009.84 2009.91 2010.01 2010.08 2010.16 2010.20 2010.25 2010.33 2010.39 2010.48 2010.58 2010.62 2010.71 2010.79 2011.02 2011.08 2011.17 2011.33
F-GAMMA team: Preliminary. Not for publication, distribution or any official use! eangelakis at mpifr.de (www.mpifr.de/div/vlbi/fgamma)
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eangelakis at mpifr.de (www.mpifr.de/div/vlbi/fgamma)
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J2225-0457 (3C446) 2011.38 2007.23 2007.55 2007.63 2007.71 2007.77 2007.86 2007.88 2007.96 2008.05 2008.13 2008.22 2008.34 2008.41 2008.49 2008.57 2008.64 2008.71 2008.79 2008.85 2008.93 2009.02 2009.06 2009.18 2009.28 2009.33 2009.48 2009.58 2010.48 2010.56 2010.62 2010.71
F-GAMMA team: Preliminary. Not for publication, distribution or any official use! eangelakis at mpifr.de (www.mpifr.de/div/vlbi/fgamma)
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2009.02 2009.06 2009.18 2009.28 2009.33 2009.41 2009.48 2009.58 2009.66 2009.74 2009.84 2009.91 2010.01 2010.08 2010.16 2010.20 2010.25 2010.33 2010.39 2010.48 2010.58 2010.62 2010.71 2010.79 2010.87 2011.02 2011.08 2011.33
F-GAMMA team: Preliminary. Not for publication, distribution or any official use! eangelakis at mpifr.de (www.mpifr.de/div/vlbi/fgamma)
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S (J
Frequency (GHz)
J2253+1608 (2251+158) 2007.03 2007.58 2008.29 2008.52 2009.13 2009.78 2009.79 2009.95 2010.30 2010.44 2011.38 2007.07 2007.15 2007.23 2007.32 2007.38 2007.48 2007.55 2007.63 2007.65 2007.71 2007.77 2007.86 2007.88 2007.96 2008.05 2008.13 2008.22 2008.34 2008.41 2008.49 2008.57 2008.60
2008.64 2008.71 2008.79 2008.85 2008.93 2009.06 2009.18 2009.28 2009.33 2009.41 2009.48 2009.58 2009.66 2009.74 2009.84 2009.91 2010.01 2010.08 2010.16 2010.20 2010.25 2010.33 2010.39 2010.48 2010.56 2010.58 2010.62 2010.71 2010.79 2010.87 2011.02 2011.08 2011.33
F-GAMMA team: Preliminary. Not for publication, distribution or any official use! eangelakis at mpifr.de (www.mpifr.de/div/vlbi/fgamma)
0.1
1
10
100
S (J
Frequency (GHz)
J2325+3957 (J23253+3) 2009.06 2010.01 2010.08 2010.16 2010.20 2010.25 2010.33 2010.39 2010.48 2010.58 2010.62 2010.79 2011.33
F-GAMMA team: Preliminary. Not for publication, distribution or any official use! eangelakis at mpifr.de (www.mpifr.de/div/vlbi/fgamma)
0.1
1
10
100
S (J
Frequency (GHz)
J2327+0940 (J2327+09) 2009.95 2009.48 2009.58 2009.66 2009.74 2009.84 2009.91 2010.01 2010.08 2010.16 2010.20 2010.33 2010.39 2010.48 2010.62 2010.71 2010.79 2010.87 2011.02 2011.17 2011.33
F-GAMMA team: Preliminary. Not for publication, distribution or any official use! eangelakis at mpifr.de (www.mpifr.de/div/vlbi/fgamma)
0.1
1
10
100
S (J
Frequency (GHz)
J2347+5142 (1ES2344+514) 2009.13 2007.15 2007.23 2007.38 2007.48 2007.55 2007.65 2007.71 2007.88 2007.96 2008.05 2008.13 2008.22 2008.34 2008.41 2008.49 2008.71 2008.79 2008.85 2008.93 2009.02 2009.06 2009.28 2009.33 2009.58 2010.71
F-GAMMA team: Preliminary. Not for publication, distribution or any official use! eangelakis at mpifr.de (www.mpifr.de/div/vlbi/fgamma)
0.1
1
10
100
S (J
J2348-1631 (PKS2345-16) 2007.15 2007.23 2007.32 2007.38 2007.55 2007.63 2007.71 2007.77 2007.88 2007.96 2008.05 2008.13 2008.22 2008.34 2008.41 2008.49 2008.57 2008.64 2008.71 2008.79 2008.85 2008.93 2009.02 2009.18 2009.28 2009.58
F-GAMMA team: Preliminary. Not for publication, distribution or any official use! eangelakis at mpifr.de (www.mpifr.de/div/vlbi/fgamma)
0.1
1
10
100
S (J
J1310+3220 (OP313) 2007.42 2008.17 2009.13 2007.15 2007.23 2007.32 2007.38 2007.48 2007.55 2007.63 2007.71 2007.77 2007.86 2007.88 2007.96 2008.05 2008.13 2008.34 2008.41 2008.49 2008.57 2008.64 2008.71 2008.79 2008.85 2008.93 2009.02
2009.06 2009.18 2009.28 2009.33 2009.41 2009.48 2009.58 2009.66 2009.74 2009.84 2009.91 2010.08 2010.16 2010.20 2010.25 2010.33 2010.39 2010.48 2010.58 2010.62 2010.79 2010.87 2011.02 2011.08 2011.17 2011.33
F-GAMMA team: Preliminary. Not for publication, distribution or any official use! eangelakis at mpifr.de (www.mpifr.de/div/vlbi/fgamma)
0.1
1
10
100
S (J
Frequency (GHz)
J0958+6533 (S40954+65) 2007.42 2007.07 2007.15 2007.23 2007.32 2007.38 2007.48 2007.55 2007.65 2007.71 2007.77 2007.88 2007.96 2008.05 2008.13 2008.22 2008.34 2008.41 2008.49 2008.57 2008.64 2008.71 2008.79
2008.85 2008.93 2009.02 2009.41 2009.58 2009.66 2009.74 2009.84 2009.91 2010.08 2010.20 2010.25 2010.33 2010.39 2010.48 2010.58 2010.62 2010.71 2010.79 2010.87 2011.08 2011.33
F-GAMMA team: Preliminary. Not for publication, distribution or any official use! eangelakis at mpifr.de (www.mpifr.de/div/vlbi/fgamma)
0.1
1
10
100
S (J
J1332-0509 (J1332-05) 2009.58 2009.66 2009.74 2009.84 2009.91 2010.08 2010.16 2010.20 2010.25 2010.33 2010.39 2010.48 2010.58 2010.62 2010.71 2010.79 2011.02 2011.08 2011.33
F-GAMMA team: Preliminary. Not for publication, distribution or any official use! eangelakis at mpifr.de (www.mpifr.de/div/vlbi/fgamma)
0.1
1
10
100
S (J
Frequency (GHz)
J1345+4452 (1343+451) 2010.08 2010.20 2010.25 2010.33 2010.39 2010.58 2010.62 2010.79 2011.33
F-GAMMA team: Preliminary. Not for publication, distribution or any official use! eangelakis at mpifr.de (www.mpifr.de/div/vlbi/fgamma)
0.1
1
10
100
S (J
F-GAMMA team: Preliminary. Not for publication, distribution or any official use! eangelakis at mpifr.de (www.mpifr.de/div/vlbi/fgamma)
0.1
1
10
100
S (J
J1159+2914 (TON599) 2007.42 2011.39 2007.15 2007.23 2007.32 2007.38 2007.48 2007.55 2007.63 2007.71 2007.77 2007.86 2007.88 2007.96 2008.05 2008.13 2008.22 2008.34 2008.41 2008.49 2008.57 2008.64 2008.71 2008.79 2008.85
2008.93 2009.02 2009.06 2009.28 2009.33 2009.41 2009.48 2009.58 2009.66 2009.74 2009.84 2009.91 2010.08 2010.20 2010.33 2010.39 2010.48 2010.58 2010.62 2010.79 2010.87 2011.02 2011.08 2011.17 2011.33
F-GAMMA team: Preliminary. Not for publication, distribution or any official use! eangelakis at mpifr.de (www.mpifr.de/div/vlbi/fgamma)
0.1
1
10
100
S (J
J1408-0752 (PKS1406-076) 2007.07 2007.15 2007.23 2007.32 2007.48 2007.55 2007.63 2007.71 2007.77 2007.86 2007.88 2007.96 2008.05 2008.13 2008.34 2008.41 2008.49 2008.57 2008.64 2008.71 2008.79 2008.85 2008.93 2009.02 2009.58 2010.62
F-GAMMA team: Preliminary. Not for publication, distribution or any official use! eangelakis at mpifr.de (www.mpifr.de/div/vlbi/fgamma)
0.1
1
10
100
S (J
Frequency (GHz)
J1217+3007 (J1217+30) 2011.39 2009.58 2009.66 2009.74 2009.84 2009.91 2010.08 2010.20 2010.25 2010.33 2010.39 2010.48 2010.58 2010.62 2010.71 2010.79 2010.87 2011.02 2011.08 2011.33
F-GAMMA team: Preliminary. Not for publication, distribution or any official use! eangelakis at mpifr.de (www.mpifr.de/div/vlbi/fgamma)
0.1
1
10
100
S (J
J1221+2813 (WCom) 2011.39 2007.07 2007.15 2007.23 2007.32 2007.48 2007.55 2007.63 2007.71 2007.77 2007.86 2007.88 2007.96 2008.05 2008.13 2008.34 2008.41 2008.49 2008.57 2008.64 2008.71 2008.79 2008.85 2008.93
2009.06 2009.18 2009.33 2009.41 2009.48 2009.58 2009.66 2009.74 2009.84 2009.91 2010.01 2010.08 2010.20 2010.33 2010.39 2010.48 2010.58 2010.62 2010.71 2010.79 2010.87 2011.02 2011.08 2011.33
F-GAMMA team: Preliminary. Not for publication, distribution or any official use! eangelakis at mpifr.de (www.mpifr.de/div/vlbi/fgamma)
0.1
1
10
100
S (J
Frequency (GHz)
J1428+4240 (H1426+428) 2007.07 2007.48 2007.55 2007.63 2007.71 2007.77 2007.88 2007.96 2008.05 2008.13 2008.22 2008.49 2008.64 2008.71 2009.28 2009.58
F-GAMMA team: Preliminary. Not for publication, distribution or any official use! eangelakis at mpifr.de (www.mpifr.de/div/vlbi/fgamma)
0.1
1
10
100
S (J
J1224+2122 (4C21.35) 2011.38 2007.48 2007.63 2007.71 2007.77 2007.86 2007.88 2007.96 2008.05 2008.13 2008.34 2008.41 2008.49 2008.71 2008.79 2008.85 2008.93 2009.02 2009.06 2009.28 2009.33 2009.41 2009.48 2009.58 2009.74 2010.33 2010.62 2010.79 2011.33
F-GAMMA team: Preliminary. Not for publication, distribution or any official use! eangelakis at mpifr.de (www.mpifr.de/div/vlbi/fgamma)
0.1
1
10
100
S (J
J1504+1029 (1502+106) 2009.12 2009.13 2009.36 2010.30 2011.39 2007.38 2007.77 2008.05 2008.49 2008.57 2008.60 2008.64 2008.71 2008.79 2008.85 2008.93 2009.02 2009.06 2009.18 2009.28 2009.33 2009.41 2009.48 2009.58 2009.66 2009.74 2009.84 2009.91 2010.08 2010.16 2010.20 2010.25 2010.33 2010.39 2010.48 2010.58 2010.62 2010.71 2010.79 2011.02 2011.08 2011.33F-GAMMA team: Preliminary. Not for publication, distribution or any official use!
eangelakis at mpifr.de (www.mpifr.de/div/vlbi/fgamma)
S (J
J1229+0203 (3C273) 2007.42 2007.42 2008.17 2010.30 2011.39 2007.07 2007.15 2007.23 2007.32 2007.38 2007.48 2007.55 2007.63 2007.71 2007.77 2007.86 2007.88 2007.96 2008.05 2008.13 2008.22 2008.34 2008.41 2008.49 2008.57 2008.64 2008.71 2008.79 2008.85
2008.93 2009.02 2009.18 2009.28 2009.33 2009.41 2009.48 2009.58 2009.66 2009.84 2009.91 2010.08 2010.16 2010.20 2010.25 2010.33 2010.39 2010.48 2010.58 2010.62 2010.71 2010.79 2010.87 2010.95 2011.02 2011.08 2011.17 2011.33
F-GAMMA team: Preliminary. Not for publication, distribution or any official use! eangelakis at mpifr.de (www.mpifr.de/div/vlbi/fgamma)
0.1
1
10
100
S (J
Frequency (GHz)
J1505+0326 (PKS1502+036) 2011.39 2010.71 2010.79 2010.87 2011.02 2011.08 2011.33
F-GAMMA team: Preliminary. Not for publication, distribution or any official use! eangelakis at mpifr.de (www.mpifr.de/div/vlbi/fgamma)
0.1
1
10
100
S (J
J1512-0905 (PKS1510-08) 2007.42 2008.29 2009.12 2009.13 2009.36 2007.07 2007.15 2007.23 2007.32 2007.38 2007.48 2007.55 2007.63 2007.71 2007.77 2007.86 2007.88 2007.96 2008.05 2008.13 2008.22 2008.34 2008.41 2008.49 2008.57 2008.64
2008.71 2008.79 2008.85 2008.93 2009.02 2009.06 2009.18 2009.28 2009.41 2009.48 2009.58 2009.66 2009.74 2009.91 2010.08 2010.16 2010.25 2010.33 2010.39 2010.48 2010.58 2010.62 2010.71 2010.79 2011.02 2011.08
F-GAMMA team: Preliminary. Not for publication, distribution or any official use! eangelakis at mpifr.de (www.mpifr.de/div/vlbi/fgamma)
0.1
1
10
100
S (J
Frequency (GHz)
J1522+3144 (1522+314) 2008.71 2008.85 2008.93 2009.06 2009.28 2009.41 2009.48 2009.58 2009.66 2009.74 2009.84 2009.91 2010.01 2010.08 2010.16 2010.20 2010.33 2010.39 2010.48 2010.58 2010.62 2010.71 2010.79 2010.87 2011.02 2011.08
F-GAMMA team: Preliminary. Not for publication, distribution or any official use! eangelakis at mpifr.de (www.mpifr.de/div/vlbi/fgamma)
0.1
1
10
100
S (J
Frequency (GHz)
J1540+8155 (1ES1544+820) 2009.13 2007.07 2007.15 2007.23 2007.48 2007.63 2007.71 2007.77 2007.88 2008.05 2008.13 2008.41 2008.49 2008.57 2008.64 2008.71 2008.85 2009.02 2009.28 2009.58 2009.66 2010.79
F-GAMMA team: Preliminary. Not for publication, distribution or any official use! eangelakis at mpifr.de (www.mpifr.de/div/vlbi/fgamma)
0.1
1
10
100
S (J
Frequency (GHz)
J1542+6129 (J1542+61) 2009.95 2009.41 2009.48 2010.16 2010.25 2010.33 2010.39 2010.48 2010.58 2010.62 2010.79 2010.87
F-GAMMA team: Preliminary. Not for publication, distribution or any official use! eangelakis at mpifr.de (www.mpifr.de/div/vlbi/fgamma)
0.1
1
10
100
S (J
Frequency (GHz)
J1553+1256 (1551+130) 2009.95 2010.08 2010.25 2010.33 2010.39 2010.48 2010.58 2010.62 2010.79 2010.87 2011.08
F-GAMMA team: Preliminary. Not for publication, distribution or any official use! eangelakis at mpifr.de (www.mpifr.de/div/vlbi/fgamma)
0.1
1
10
100
S (J
F-GAMMA team: Preliminary. Not for publication, distribution or any official use! eangelakis at mpifr.de (www.mpifr.de/div/vlbi/fgamma)
0.1
1
10
100
S (J
J1613+3412 (OS319) 2007.42 2009.52 2007.32 2007.48 2007.55 2007.63 2007.71 2007.77 2007.86 2007.88 2007.96 2008.05 2008.13 2008.22 2008.34 2008.41 2008.49 2008.57 2008.64 2008.71 2008.79 2008.85 2008.93 2009.02 2009.06 2009.18 2009.28 2009.33 2009.58 2010.48 2010.62 2010.79 2010.95 2011.02
F-GAMMA team: Preliminary. Not for publication, distribution or any official use! eangelakis at mpifr.de (www.mpifr.de/div/vlbi/fgamma)
0.1
1
10
100
S (J
J1626-2951 (PKS1622-29) 2007.42 2008.29 2007.23 2007.55 2007.77 2008.05 2008.13 2008.22 2008.34 2008.41 2008.49 2009.02 2009.58 2009.84 2010.20 2010.48 2010.62 2011.08
F-GAMMA team: Preliminary. Not for publication, distribution or any official use! eangelakis at mpifr.de (www.mpifr.de/div/vlbi/fgamma)
0.1
1
10
100
S (J
J1635+3808 (4C38.41) 2007.42 2009.13 2009.52 2011.39 2007.07 2007.15 2007.23 2007.32 2007.38 2007.48 2007.55 2007.63 2007.71 2007.77 2007.86 2007.88 2007.96 2008.05 2008.13 2008.22 2008.34 2008.41 2008.49 2008.57 2008.64 2008.71 2008.79 2008.85
2008.93 2009.02 2009.06 2009.18 2009.28 2009.33 2009.41 2009.48 2009.58 2009.66 2009.74 2009.84 2009.91 2010.01 2010.08 2010.16 2010.25 2010.33 2010.39 2010.48 2010.58 2010.62 2010.71 2010.79 2010.87 2011.02 2011.08 2011.33
F-GAMMA team: Preliminary. Not for publication, distribution or any official use! eangelakis at mpifr.de (www.mpifr.de/div/vlbi/fgamma)
0.1
1
10
100
S (J
J1642+3948 (3C345) 2007.42 2007.58 2009.52 2011.39 2007.15 2007.23 2007.32 2007.38 2007.48 2007.55 2007.63 2007.71 2007.77 2007.86 2007.88 2007.96 2008.05 2008.13 2008.22 2008.34 2008.41 2008.49 2008.57 2008.64 2008.71 2008.79 2008.85
2008.93 2009.02 2009.06 2009.18 2009.28 2009.33 2009.41 2009.48 2009.58 2009.66 2009.84 2009.91 2010.08 2010.16 2010.25 2010.33 2010.39 2010.48 2010.58 2010.62 2010.71 2010.79 2010.87 2011.02 2011.08 2011.33
F-GAMMA team: Preliminary. Not for publication, distribution or any official use! eangelakis at mpifr.de (www.mpifr.de/div/vlbi/fgamma)
0.1
1
10
100
S (J
J1733-1304 (NRAO530) 2007.42 2008.29 2009.36 2007.07 2007.15 2007.23 2007.32 2007.38 2007.55 2007.63 2007.71 2007.77 2007.86 2007.88 2007.96 2008.05 2008.13 2008.22 2008.34 2008.41 2008.49 2008.57 2008.64 2008.71 2008.79 2008.93 2009.02 2009.18 2009.58 2009.66 2009.74 2009.84 2009.91 2010.16 2010.25 2010.33 2010.39 2010.48 2010.58 2010.62 2010.71 2010.79 2011.02 2011.08
F-GAMMA team: Preliminary. Not for publication, distribution or any official use! eangelakis at mpifr.de (www.mpifr.de/div/vlbi/fgamma)
0.1
1
10
100
S (J
Frequency (GHz)
J1751+0939 (J1751+09) 2007.42 2008.29 2009.13 2009.36 2009.53 2010.30 2010.44 2007.23 2007.38 2007.55 2007.63 2007.77 2007.96 2008.05 2008.22 2008.34 2008.49 2008.57 2008.60 2008.71 2008.79 2009.02 2009.06 2009.58 2009.66 2009.74 2009.84 2009.91 2010.01 2010.16 2010.20 2010.25 2010.33 2010.39 2010.48 2010.58 2010.62 2010.71 2010.79 2011.02 2011.08
F-GAMMA team: Preliminary. Not for publication, distribution or any official use! eangelakis at mpifr.de (www.mpifr.de/div/vlbi/fgamma)
0.1
1
10
100
S (J
Frequency (GHz)
J1800+7828 (S51803+78) 2007.42 2007.58 2009.52 2007.15 2007.38 2007.48 2007.63 2007.71 2007.77 2007.86 2007.88 2007.96 2008.05 2008.13 2008.22 2008.34 2008.41 2008.49 2008.57 2008.64 2008.71 2008.79 2008.85 2008.93 2009.02
2009.18 2009.28 2009.33 2009.41 2009.48 2009.58 2009.66 2009.74 2009.84 2009.91 2010.08 2010.16 2010.20 2010.25 2010.33 2010.39 2010.48 2010.56 2010.58 2010.62 2010.71 2010.79 2010.87 2011.02 2011.33
F-GAMMA team: Preliminary. Not for publication, distribution or any official use! eangelakis at mpifr.de (www.mpifr.de/div/vlbi/fgamma)
0.1
1
10
100
S (J
J1806+6949 (3C371) 2009.52 2011.38 2007.15 2007.23 2007.32 2007.38 2007.48 2007.55 2007.63 2007.71 2007.77 2007.88 2007.96 2008.05 2008.13 2008.22 2008.34 2008.41 2008.49 2008.57 2008.64 2008.71 2008.79 2008.85 2008.93 2009.02 2009.18 2009.33 2009.41 2009.58 2010.08 2010.48 2010.56 2010.62 2010.71 2010.79 2010.95 2011.02 2011.33
F-GAMMA team: Preliminary. Not for publication, distribution or any official use! eangelakis at mpifr.de (www.mpifr.de/div/vlbi/fgamma)
0.1
1
10
100
S (J
J1824+5651 (4C56.27) 2007.42 2011.38 2007.15 2007.23 2007.32 2007.38 2007.48 2007.55 2007.63 2007.71 2007.77 2007.88 2007.96 2008.05 2008.13 2008.22 2008.34 2008.41 2008.49 2008.57 2008.64 2008.71 2008.79 2008.85 2008.93 2009.02 2009.18 2009.41 2009.58 2009.66 2010.33 2010.48 2010.56 2010.62 2010.71 2010.95 2011.02 2011.08 2011.33
F-GAMMA team: Preliminary. Not for publication, distribution or any official use! eangelakis at mpifr.de (www.mpifr.de/div/vlbi/fgamma)
0.1
1
10
100
S (J
Frequency (GHz)
J1848+3219 (J1848+32) 2009.58 2009.66 2009.74 2009.84 2009.91 2010.01 2010.16 2010.25 2010.33 2010.39 2010.48 2010.58 2010.62 2010.71 2010.79 2010.87 2011.02 2011.33
F-GAMMA team: Preliminary. Not for publication, distribution or any official use! eangelakis at mpifr.de (www.mpifr.de/div/vlbi/fgamma)
0.1
1
10
100
S (J
Frequency (GHz)
J1849+6705 (S41849+6) 2011.38 2008.64 2008.71 2008.85 2009.28 2009.33 2009.48 2009.58 2009.66 2009.74 2009.84 2009.91 2010.08 2010.20 2010.33 2010.39 2010.48 2010.58 2010.62 2010.71 2010.79 2010.87 2011.02 2011.33
F-GAMMA team: Preliminary. Not for publication, distribution or any official use! eangelakis at mpifr.de (www.mpifr.de/div/vlbi/fgamma)
0.1
1
10
100
S (J
F-GAMMA team: Preliminary. Not for publication, distribution or any official use! eangelakis at mpifr.de (www.mpifr.de/div/vlbi/fgamma)
0.1
1
10
S (J
F-GAMMA team: Preliminary. Not for publication, distribution or any official use! eangelakis at mpifr.de (www.mpifr.de/div/vlbi/fgamma)
0.1
1
10
100
S (J
J2025-0735 (J2025-07) 2009.95 2009.48 2009.58 2009.66 2009.74 2009.84 2009.91 2010.08 2010.16 2010.25 2010.33 2010.39 2010.48 2010.58 2010.62 2010.71 2010.79 2010.87 2011.02
F-GAMMA team: Preliminary. Not for publication, distribution or any official use! eangelakis at mpifr.de (www.mpifr.de/div/vlbi/fgamma)
0.1
1
10
100
S (J
Frequency (GHz)
J2147+0929 (J2147+09) 2009.95 2009.06 2009.48 2009.58 2009.66 2009.74 2009.84 2009.91 2010.01 2010.08 2010.16 2010.25 2010.33 2010.39 2010.48 2010.58 2010.62 2010.71 2010.79 2010.87 2011.02 2011.08 2011.33
F-GAMMA team: Preliminary. Not for publication, distribution or any official use! eangelakis at mpifr.de (www.mpifr.de/div/vlbi/fgamma)
0.1
1
10
100
S (J
J1130-1449 (PKS1127-14) 2007.48 2007.63 2007.77 2007.86 2007.88 2007.96 2008.05 2008.13 2008.22 2008.34 2008.41 2008.49 2008.57 2008.64 2008.71 2008.79 2008.85 2009.02 2009.28 2009.33 2009.41 2009.48 2009.58 2009.66 2009.74 2009.84 2009.91 2010.08 2010.20 2010.25 2010.33 2010.39 2010.48 2010.58 2010.62 2010.79 2010.87 2011.02 2011.33
F-GAMMA team: Preliminary. Not for publication, distribution or any official use! eangelakis at mpifr.de (www.mpifr.de/div/vlbi/fgamma)
0.1
1
10
100
S (J
J1256-0547 (3C279) 2007.42 2008.17 2008.29 2009.12 2010.30 2011.38 2011.39 2007.07 2007.15 2007.23 2007.32 2007.38 2007.48 2007.55 2007.63 2007.71 2007.77 2007.86 2007.88 2007.96 2008.05 2008.13 2008.22 2008.34 2008.41 2008.49 2008.57 2008.64 2008.71 2008.79
2008.85 2008.93 2009.02 2009.06 2009.18 2009.28 2009.33 2009.41 2009.48 2009.58 2009.66 2009.74 2009.84 2009.91 2010.08 2010.16 2010.20 2010.25 2010.33 2010.39 2010.48 2010.58 2010.62 2010.71 2010.79 2010.95 2011.02 2011.08 2011.33
F-GAMMA team: Preliminary. Not for publication, distribution or any official use! eangelakis at mpifr.de (www.mpifr.de/div/vlbi/fgamma)
0.1
1
10
100
S (J
J2158-1501 (PKS2155-152) 2007.32 2007.63 2007.71 2007.77 2007.88 2007.96 2008.05 2008.22 2008.34 2008.41 2008.49 2008.57 2008.64 2008.71 2008.79 2008.85 2008.93 2009.18 2009.28 2009.58
F-GAMMA team: Preliminary. Not for publication, distribution or any official use! eangelakis at mpifr.de (www.mpifr.de/div/vlbi/fgamma)
0.1
1
10
100
S (J
J1959+4044 (CygA) 2009.13 2007.15 2007.32 2007.38 2007.48 2007.65 2007.71 2007.77 2007.88 2008.05 2008.34 2008.41 2008.49 2008.57 2008.64 2008.71 2008.79 2009.02
F-GAMMA team: Preliminary. Not for publication, distribution or any official use! eangelakis at mpifr.de (www.mpifr.de/div/vlbi/fgamma)
0.1
1
10
100
S (J
Frequency (GHz)
J0217+0144 (PKS0215+015) 2008.17 2009.95 2007.15 2007.23 2007.32 2007.48 2007.55 2007.65 2007.71 2007.77 2007.86 2007.88 2007.96 2008.05 2008.13 2008.22 2008.34 2008.41 2008.49 2008.57 2008.64 2008.71 2008.79 2008.85 2008.93 2009.02 2009.06 2009.18
2009.28 2009.33 2009.41 2009.48 2009.58 2009.66 2009.74 2009.84 2009.91 2010.01 2010.08 2010.16 2010.20 2010.25 2010.33 2010.39 2010.48 2010.56 2010.58 2010.62 2010.71 2010.79 2010.87 2011.02 2011.08 2011.17 2011.33
F-GAMMA team: Preliminary. Not for publication, distribution or any official use! eangelakis at mpifr.de (www.mpifr.de/div/vlbi/fgamma)
0.1
1
10
100
S (J
Frequency (GHz)
J0841+7053 (S50836+71) 2007.42 2009.52 2011.38 2007.07 2007.23 2007.32 2007.38 2007.48 2007.63 2007.71 2007.77 2007.96 2008.05 2008.13 2008.22 2008.34 2008.41 2008.49 2008.57 2008.64 2008.71 2008.79 2008.85 2008.93
2009.02 2009.18 2009.28 2009.41 2009.58 2009.66 2009.74 2009.84 2009.91 2010.08 2010.16 2010.20 2010.25 2010.33 2010.39 2010.48 2010.58 2010.62 2010.71 2010.79 2010.87 2011.02 2011.08 2011.33
F-GAMMA team: Preliminary. Not for publication, distribution or any official use! eangelakis at mpifr.de (www.mpifr.de/div/vlbi/fgamma)
0.1
1
10
100
S (J
J1653+3945 (Mkn501) 2007.42 2008.29 2009.12 2009.13 2009.52 2007.07 2007.15 2007.23 2007.32 2007.38 2007.48 2007.55 2007.63 2007.71 2007.77 2007.86 2007.88 2007.96 2008.05 2008.13 2008.22 2008.34 2008.41 2008.49 2008.57 2008.60 2008.64 2008.71 2008.79
2008.85 2008.93 2009.02 2009.06 2009.18 2009.28 2009.33 2009.41 2009.48 2009.58 2009.66 2009.74 2009.84 2009.91 2010.01 2010.08 2010.16 2010.25 2010.33 2010.39 2010.48 2010.58 2010.62 2010.71 2010.79 2010.87 2011.02 2011.08
F-GAMMA team: Preliminary. Not for publication, distribution or any official use! eangelakis at mpifr.de (www.mpifr.de/div/vlbi/fgamma)
0.1
1
10
100
S (J
Frequency (GHz)
J1959+6508 (1ES1959+650) 2009.13 2007.07 2007.15 2007.23 2007.32 2007.38 2007.48 2007.55 2007.65 2007.71 2007.77 2007.88 2007.96 2008.05 2008.13 2008.34 2008.41 2008.49 2008.57 2008.64 2008.71 2008.79 2008.85 2008.93 2009.28 2009.41 2009.48 2009.58 2009.66 2009.74 2010.20
F-GAMMA team: Preliminary. Not for publication, distribution or any official use! eangelakis at mpifr.de (www.mpifr.de/div/vlbi/fgamma)
0.1
1
10
100
S (J
Frequency (GHz)
J2143+1743 (J2143+17) 2009.95 2009.06 2009.33 2009.48 2009.58 2009.66 2009.74 2009.84 2009.91 2010.01 2010.08 2010.16 2010.25 2010.33 2010.39 2010.48 2010.58 2010.62 2010.71 2010.79 2010.87 2011.02 2011.33
F-GAMMA team: Preliminary. Not for publication, distribution or any official use! eangelakis at mpifr.de (www.mpifr.de/div/vlbi/fgamma)
0.1
1
10
100
S (J
J0423-0120 (PKS0420-01) 2007.03 2008.17 2007.48 2007.55 2007.63 2007.65 2007.71 2007.77 2007.88 2007.96 2008.05 2008.13 2008.22 2008.34 2008.41 2008.49 2008.57 2008.64 2008.71 2008.79 2008.85 2008.93 2009.02 2009.06 2009.18 2009.28
2009.33 2009.48 2009.58 2009.66 2009.74 2009.84 2009.91 2010.01 2010.08 2010.16 2010.20 2010.25 2010.33 2010.39 2010.48 2010.56 2010.58 2010.62 2010.71 2010.79 2010.87 2011.02 2011.08 2011.17 2011.33
F-GAMMA team: Preliminary. Not for publication, distribution or any official use! eangelakis at mpifr.de (www.mpifr.de/div/vlbi/fgamma)
0.1
1
10
100
S (J
Frequency (GHz)
J0238+1636 (AO0235+16) 2007.03 2007.58 2009.95 2007.07 2007.15 2007.23 2007.38 2007.48 2007.55 2007.63 2007.65 2007.71 2007.77 2007.86 2007.88 2007.96 2008.05 2008.13 2008.22 2008.34 2008.41 2008.49 2008.57 2008.64 2008.71 2008.79 2008.85 2008.93
2009.02 2009.06 2009.18 2009.28 2009.41 2009.48 2009.58 2009.66 2009.74 2009.84 2009.91 2010.01 2010.08 2010.16 2010.20 2010.25 2010.33 2010.39 2010.48 2010.58 2010.62 2010.71 2010.79 2010.87 2011.02 2011.08 2011.17
F-GAMMA team: Preliminary. Not for publication, distribution or any official use! eangelakis at mpifr.de (www.mpifr.de/div/vlbi/fgamma)
0.1
1
10
100
S (J
Frequency (GHz)
J0818+4222 (TXS0814+425) 2007.07 2007.15 2007.23 2007.32 2007.38 2007.48 2007.55 2007.65 2007.71 2007.77 2007.88 2007.96 2008.05 2008.13 2008.22 2008.34 2008.41 2008.49 2008.57 2008.64 2008.71 2008.79 2008.85 2008.93 2009.02
2009.06 2009.18 2009.33 2009.41 2009.48 2009.58 2009.66 2009.74 2009.84 2009.91 2010.08 2010.20 2010.25 2010.33 2010.39 2010.48 2010.58 2010.62 2010.71 2010.79 2010.87 2011.02 2011.08 2011.17 2011.33
F-GAMMA team: Preliminary. Not for publication, distribution or any official use! eangelakis at mpifr.de (www.mpifr.de/div/vlbi/fgamma)
0.1
1
10
100
S (J
J0418+3801 (3C111) 2007.03 2007.58 2008.17 2009.36 2011.38 2007.15 2007.23 2007.32 2007.48 2007.63 2007.65 2007.71 2007.77 2007.88 2007.96 2008.05 2008.13 2008.22 2008.34 2008.41 2008.49 2008.57 2008.64 2008.71 2008.79 2008.85 2008.93
2009.02 2009.06 2009.18 2009.28 2009.33 2009.41 2009.48 2009.58 2009.66 2009.74 2009.84 2009.91 2010.01 2010.08 2010.20 2010.25 2010.33 2010.39 2010.48 2010.58 2010.62 2010.79 2010.87 2011.02 2011.17 2011.33
F-GAMMA team: Preliminary. Not for publication, distribution or any official use! eangelakis at mpifr.de (www.mpifr.de/div/vlbi/fgamma)
0.1
1
10
100
S (J
J0237+2848 (4C28.07) 2007.03 2007.58 2007.07 2007.15 2007.23 2007.32 2007.48 2007.55 2007.63 2007.65 2007.71 2007.77 2007.86 2007.88 2007.96 2008.05 2008.13 2008.22 2008.34 2008.41 2008.49 2008.57 2008.64 2008.71 2008.79 2008.85 2008.93 2009.02
2009.06 2009.18 2009.28 2009.33 2009.41 2009.48 2009.58 2009.66 2009.74 2009.84 2009.91 2010.08 2010.16 2010.20 2010.25 2010.33 2010.39 2010.48 2010.58 2010.62 2010.71 2010.79 2010.87 2011.02 2011.08 2011.17 2011.33
F-GAMMA team: Preliminary. Not for publication, distribution or any official use! eangelakis at mpifr.de (www.mpifr.de/div/vlbi/fgamma)
0.1
1
10
100
S (J
J0854+2006 (OJ287) 2007.42 2008.17 2011.38 2011.39 2007.07 2007.15 2007.23 2007.32 2007.38 2007.48 2007.55 2007.65 2007.71 2007.77 2007.88 2007.96 2008.05 2008.13 2008.22 2008.34 2008.41 2008.49 2008.57 2008.64 2008.71 2008.79 2008.85 2008.93
2009.02 2009.06 2009.18 2009.33 2009.41 2009.48 2009.58 2009.66 2009.74 2009.84 2009.91 2010.01 2010.08 2010.16 2010.20 2010.25 2010.33 2010.39 2010.48 2010.62 2010.71 2010.79 2010.87 2011.02 2011.08 2011.17 2011.33
F-GAMMA team: Preliminary. Not for publication, distribution or any official use! eangelakis at mpifr.de (www.mpifr.de/div/vlbi/fgamma)
0.1
1
10
100
S (J
J0359+5057 (NRAO150) 2007.03 2007.58 2008.17 2009.52 2007.07 2007.15 2007.23 2007.32 2007.38 2007.48 2007.55 2007.65 2007.71 2007.77 2007.86 2007.88 2007.96 2008.05 2008.13 2008.22 2008.34 2008.41 2008.49 2008.57 2008.64 2008.71 2008.79 2008.85
2008.93 2009.02 2009.06 2009.18 2009.28 2009.33 2009.41 2009.48 2009.58 2009.66 2009.74 2009.84 2009.91 2010.08 2010.20 2010.25 2010.33 2010.39 2010.48 2010.58 2010.62 2010.71 2010.79 2010.87 2011.02 2011.08 2011.33
F-GAMMA team: Preliminary. Not for publication, distribution or any official use! eangelakis at mpifr.de (www.mpifr.de/div/vlbi/fgamma)
0.1
1
10
100
S (J
J1104+3812 (Mkn421) 2007.42 2008.29 2009.13 2011.39 2007.07 2007.15 2007.23 2007.32 2007.38 2007.48 2007.55 2007.63 2007.71 2007.77 2007.86 2007.88 2007.96 2008.05 2008.13 2008.22 2008.34 2008.41 2008.49 2008.57 2008.64 2008.71 2008.79 2008.85 2008.93
2009.02 2009.06 2009.18 2009.28 2009.33 2009.41 2009.48 2009.58 2009.66 2009.74 2009.84 2009.91 2010.01 2010.08 2010.16 2010.20 2010.25 2010.33 2010.39 2010.48 2010.58 2010.62 2010.71 2010.79 2010.87 2011.02 2011.08 2011.17 2011.33
F-GAMMA team: Preliminary. Not for publication, distribution or any official use! eangelakis at mpifr.de (www.mpifr.de/div/vlbi/fgamma)
0.1
1
10
100
S (J
J0319+4130 (3C84) 2007.03 2007.58 2008.17 2009.52 2007.07 2007.15 2007.23 2007.32 2007.38 2007.48 2007.55 2007.63 2007.65 2007.71 2007.77 2007.86 2007.88 2007.96 2008.05 2008.13 2008.34 2008.41 2008.49 2008.57 2008.64 2008.71 2008.79 2008.85 2008.93
2009.02 2009.06 2009.18 2009.28 2009.33 2009.41 2009.48 2009.58 2009.66 2009.74 2009.84 2009.91 2010.08 2010.16 2010.20 2010.25 2010.33 2010.39 2010.48 2010.58 2010.62 2010.71 2010.79 2010.87 2011.02 2011.08 2011.17 2011.33
F-GAMMA team: Preliminary. Not for publication, distribution or any official use! eangelakis at mpifr.de (www.mpifr.de/div/vlbi/fgamma)
Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie: E. Angelakis
Thursday, November 10, 2011
Angelakis et al. in prep.
E. Angelakis et al.: On the phenomenological classification of continuum radio spectrum variability pattern
0.1
1
10
100
S (J
Frequency (GHz)
J0238+1636 (AO0235+16) 2007.03 2007.58 2009.95 2007.07 2007.15 2007.23 2007.38 2007.48 2007.55 2007.63 2007.65 2007.71 2007.77 2007.86 2007.88 2007.96 2008.05 2008.13 2008.22 2008.34 2008.41 2008.49 2008.57 2008.64 2008.71 2008.79 2008.85 2008.93 2009.02
2009.06 2009.18 2009.28 2009.41 2009.48 2009.58 2009.66 2009.74 2009.84 2009.91 2010.01 2010.08 2010.16 2010.20 2010.25 2010.33 2010.39 2010.48 2010.58 2010.62 2010.71 2010.79 2010.87 2011.02 2011.08 2011.17 2011.21 2011.33 2011.43
(a) Type 1
S (J
J0854+2006 (OJ287) 2007.42 2008.17 2007.07 2007.15 2007.23 2007.32 2007.38 2007.48 2007.55 2007.65 2007.71 2007.77 2007.88 2007.96 2008.05 2008.13 2008.22 2008.34 2008.41 2008.49 2008.57 2008.64 2008.71 2008.79 2008.85 2008.93 2009.02 2009.06
2009.18 2009.33 2009.41 2009.48 2009.58 2009.66 2009.74 2009.84 2009.91 2010.01 2010.08 2010.16 2010.20 2010.25 2010.33 2010.39 2010.48 2010.62 2010.71 2010.79 2010.87 2011.02 2011.08 2011.17 2011.21 2011.33 2011.43
(b) Type 1b
S (J
Frequency (GHz)
J0530+1331 (PKS0528+134) 2007.03 2008.17 2009.12 2009.13 2007.15 2007.23 2007.55 2007.63 2007.65 2007.71 2007.77 2007.88 2007.96 2008.05 2008.13 2008.22 2008.34 2008.41 2008.49 2008.57 2008.60 2008.64 2008.71 2008.79 2008.85 2008.93 2009.02 2009.06
2009.18 2009.28 2009.33 2009.41 2009.48 2009.58 2009.66 2009.74 2009.84 2009.91 2010.01 2010.08 2010.16 2010.20 2010.25 2010.33 2010.39 2010.48 2010.58 2010.62 2010.71 2010.79 2010.87 2011.02 2011.17 2011.21 2011.33 2011.43
(c) Type 2
S (J
J2232+1143 (CTA102) 2007.03 2008.29 2009.95 2007.07 2007.15 2007.23 2007.32 2007.38 2007.55 2007.63 2007.71 2007.77 2007.86 2007.88 2007.96 2008.05 2008.13 2008.22 2008.34 2008.41 2008.49 2008.57 2008.64 2008.71 2008.79 2008.85 2008.93 2009.02 2009.06
2009.18 2009.28 2009.33 2009.41 2009.48 2009.58 2009.66 2009.74 2009.84 2009.91 2010.01 2010.08 2010.16 2010.20 2010.25 2010.33 2010.39 2010.48 2010.58 2010.62 2010.71 2010.79 2010.87 2011.02 2011.08 2011.21 2011.33 2011.43
(d) Type 3
S (J
J0418+3801 (3C111) 2007.03 2007.58 2008.17 2009.36 2007.15 2007.23 2007.32 2007.48 2007.63 2007.65 2007.71 2007.77 2007.88 2007.96 2008.05 2008.13 2008.22 2008.34 2008.41 2008.49 2008.57 2008.64 2008.71 2008.79 2008.85 2008.93 2009.02
2009.06 2009.18 2009.28 2009.33 2009.41 2009.48 2009.58 2009.66 2009.74 2009.84 2009.91 2010.01 2010.08 2010.20 2010.25 2010.33 2010.39 2010.48 2010.58 2010.62 2010.79 2010.87 2011.02 2011.17 2011.21 2011.33 2011.43
(e) Type 3b
S (J
J1130-1449 (PKS1127-14) 2007.48 2007.63 2007.77 2007.86 2007.88 2007.96 2008.05 2008.13 2008.22 2008.34 2008.41 2008.49 2008.57 2008.64 2008.71 2008.79 2008.85 2009.02 2009.28 2009.33 2009.41
2009.48 2009.58 2009.66 2009.74 2009.84 2009.91 2010.08 2010.20 2010.25 2010.33 2010.39 2010.48 2010.58 2010.62 2010.79 2010.87 2011.02 2011.17 2011.21 2011.33 2011.43
(f) Type 4
S (J
Frequency (GHz)
J0738+1742 (PKS0735+17) 2007.07 2007.15 2007.23 2007.38 2007.48 2007.55 2007.65 2007.71 2007.77 2007.88 2007.96 2008.05 2008.13 2008.22 2008.34 2008.41 2008.49 2008.57 2008.64 2008.71 2008.79 2008.85 2008.93 2009.02 2009.06
2009.18 2009.28 2009.33 2009.58 2009.66 2009.74 2009.84 2009.91 2010.01 2010.20 2010.25 2010.33 2010.39 2010.48 2010.58 2010.62 2010.71 2010.79 2010.87 2011.02 2011.08 2011.17 2011.21 2011.33 2011.43
(g) Type 4b
S (J
J0730-1141 (0727-11) 2009.12 2007.65 2007.71 2008.49 2008.57 2008.60 2008.71 2008.79 2008.85 2008.93 2009.18 2009.28 2009.33 2009.58 2009.66 2009.74 2009.84 2009.91
2010.08 2010.20 2010.25 2010.33 2010.39 2010.48 2010.58 2010.62 2010.71 2010.79 2010.87 2011.02 2011.08 2011.17 2011.21 2011.33 2011.43
(h) Type 5
S (J
J0359+5057 (NRAO150) 2007.03 2007.58 2008.17 2009.52 2007.07 2007.15 2007.23 2007.32 2007.38 2007.48 2007.55 2007.65 2007.71 2007.77 2007.86 2007.88 2007.96 2008.05 2008.13 2008.22 2008.34 2008.41 2008.49 2008.57 2008.64 2008.71 2008.79 2008.85 2008.93 2009.02
2009.06 2009.18 2009.28 2009.33 2009.41 2009.48 2009.58 2009.66 2009.74 2009.84 2009.91 2010.08 2010.20 2010.25 2010.33 2010.39 2010.48 2010.58 2010.62 2010.71 2010.79 2010.87 2011.02 2011.08 2011.21 2011.33 2011.43 2011.52 2011.59
(i) Type 5b
Fig. 2. The prototypes of the 5 classes and their sub-classes. All of them are plotted in the same scale to allow comparisons. The prototypes have all the available data which makes their definition di!cult to see. Probably we should plot the spectra only every second. The first 4 classes can be interpreted with a simple physical systems made of one quiescent optically thin component underlying a flaring Synchrotron self-absorbed flaring event.
Type 5b: This type shows, in principle, characteristics similar to the previous one but there occurs a significant shift of the peak (Sm, !m) towards lower frequencies as the peak flux density increases.
This classification is done solely on the basis of the phe- nomenological characteristics of the variability pattern shown by the radio spectra within a given band-pass. This explains the fragmentation of the classification to several numerous types despite the clear hints that some of those could be further uni- fied. This is discussed later when a physical interpretation is at- tempted (Sect. ??).
5.2. A physical interpretation of the different types
In the following it will be shown that the seemingly arbitrary classification discussed in Sect. 5.1 is subject to an interpretation of physical meaning so that the first four types can be reproduced by a simple two-component system.
Let us assume a two-component principal system located at z = 0. The assumed system consists of:
1. A power law quiescence spectrum with S ! !" and " " #0.5 is this what chris is assuming. This spectrum can be seen as the manifestation of an optically thin di"use emission com- ing from a relaxed large scale jet or even a population of aged electron that have caused a recent flaring event.
2. A convex synchrotron self-absorbed spectrum representative of an outburst superimposed on the quiescence part.
A qualitative depiction of the assumed configuration is pre- sented in Fig. 2. The phenomenology shown there captures the system (solid line) at an instant in time. On the basis of this as- sumption the spectrum that would be observed at an instant of time, is inscribed in two parameters of the shaded areas shown there:
1. The position of the shaded areas relative to the high fre- quency peak (i.e. the peak of the outburst). This parameter denotes the relative position of the centre of our band-pass with respect to the source spectrum.
2. The width of the shaded areas relative to the width of the bridge (the total minimum) between the optically thick part of the outburst and the steep part of the quiescence spectrum.
4
Thursday, November 10, 2011
Mechanism 1: Spectral Evolution
Angelakis et al. in prep.
E. Angelakis et al.: On the phenomenological classification of continuum radio spectrum variability pattern
0.1
1
10
100
S (J
Frequency (GHz)
J0238+1636 (AO0235+16) 2007.03 2007.58 2009.95 2007.07 2007.15 2007.23 2007.38 2007.48 2007.55 2007.63 2007.65 2007.71 2007.77 2007.86 2007.88 2007.96 2008.05 2008.13 2008.22 2008.34 2008.41 2008.49 2008.57 2008.64 2008.71 2008.79 2008.85 2008.93 2009.02
2009.06 2009.18 2009.28 2009.41 2009.48 2009.58 2009.66 2009.74 2009.84 2009.91 2010.01 2010.08 2010.16 2010.20 2010.25 2010.33 2010.39 2010.48 2010.58 2010.62 2010.71 2010.79 2010.87 2011.02 2011.08 2011.17 2011.21 2011.33 2011.43
(a) Type 1
S (J
J0854+2006 (OJ287) 2007.42 2008.17 2007.07 2007.15 2007.23 2007.32 2007.38 2007.48 2007.55 2007.65 2007.71 2007.77 2007.88 2007.96 2008.05 2008.13 2008.22 2008.34 2008.41 2008.49 2008.57 2008.64 2008.71 2008.79 2008.85 2008.93 2009.02 2009.06
2009.18 2009.33 2009.41 2009.48 2009.58 2009.66 2009.74 2009.84 2009.91 2010.01 2010.08 2010.16 2010.20 2010.25 2010.33 2010.39 2010.48 2010.62 2010.71 2010.79 2010.87 2011.02 2011.08 2011.17 2011.21 2011.33 2011.43
(b) Type 1b
S (J
Frequency (GHz)
J0530+1331 (PKS0528+134) 2007.03 2008.17 2009.12 2009.13 2007.15 2007.23 2007.55 2007.63 2007.65 2007.71 2007.77 2007.88 2007.96 2008.05 2008.13 2008.22 2008.34 2008.41 2008.49 2008.57 2008.60 2008.64 2008.71 2008.79 2008.85 2008.93 2009.02 2009.06
2009.18 2009.28 2009.33 2009.41 2009.48 2009.58 2009.66 2009.74 2009.84 2009.91 2010.01 2010.08 2010.16 2010.20 2010.25 2010.33 2010.39 2010.48 2010.58 2010.62 2010.71 2010.79 2010.87 2011.02 2011.17 2011.21 2011.33 2011.43
(c) Type 2
S (J
J2232+1143 (CTA102) 2007.03 2008.29 2009.95 2007.07 2007.15 2007.23 2007.32 2007.38 2007.55 2007.63 2007.71 2007.77 2007.86 2007.88 2007.96 2008.05 2008.13 2008.22 2008.34 2008.41 2008.49 2008.57 2008.64 2008.71 2008.79 2008.85 2008.93 2009.02 2009.06
2009.18 2009.28 2009.33 2009.41 2009.48 2009.58 2009.66 2009.74 2009.84 2009.91 2010.01 2010.08 2010.16 2010.20 2010.25 2010.33 2010.39 2010.48 2010.58 2010.62 2010.71 2010.79 2010.87 2011.02 2011.08 2011.21 2011.33 2011.43
(d) Type 3
S (J
J0418+3801 (3C111) 2007.03 2007.58 2008.17 2009.36 2007.15 2007.23 2007.32 2007.48 2007.63 2007.65 2007.71 2007.77 2007.88 2007.96 2008.05 2008.13 2008.22 2008.34 2008.41 2008.49 2008.57 2008.64 2008.71 2008.79 2008.85 2008.93 2009.02
2009.06 2009.18 2009.28 2009.33 2009.41 2009.48 2009.58 2009.66 2009.74 2009.84 2009.91 2010.01 2010.08 2010.20 2010.25 2010.33 2010.39 2010.48 2010.58 2010.62 2010.79 2010.87 2011.02 2011.17 2011.21 2011.33 2011.43
(e) Type 3b
S (J
J1130-1449 (PKS1127-14) 2007.48 2007.63 2007.77 2007.86 2007.88 2007.96 2008.05 2008.13 2008.22 2008.34 2008.41 2008.49 2008.57 2008.64 2008.71 2008.79 2008.85 2009.02 2009.28 2009.33 2009.41
2009.48 2009.58 2009.66 2009.74 2009.84 2009.91 2010.08 2010.20 2010.25 2010.33 2010.39 2010.48 2010.58 2010.62 2010.79 2010.87 2011.02 2011.17 2011.21 2011.33 2011.43
(f) Type 4
S (J
Frequency (GHz)
J0738+1742 (PKS0735+17) 2007.07 2007.15 2007.23 2007.38 2007.48 2007.55 2007.65 2007.71 2007.77 2007.88 2007.96 2008.05 2008.13 2008.22 2008.34 2008.41 2008.49 2008.57 2008.64 2008.71 2008.79 2008.85 2008.93 2009.02 2009.06
2009.18 2009.28 2009.33 2009.58 2009.66 2009.74 2009.84 2009.91 2010.01 2010.20 2010.25 2010.33 2010.39 2010.48 2010.58 2010.62 2010.71 2010.79 2010.87 2011.02 2011.08 2011.17 2011.21 2011.33 2011.43
(g) Type 4b
S (J
J0730-1141 (0727-11) 2009.12 2007.65 2007.71 2008.49 2008.57 2008.60 2008.71 2008.79 2008.85 2008.93 2009.18 2009.28 2009.33 2009.58 2009.66 2009.74 2009.84 2009.91
2010.08 2010.20 2010.25 2010.33 2010.39 2010.48 2010.58 2010.62 2010.71 2010.79 2010.87 2011.02 2011.08 2011.17 2011.21 2011.33 2011.43
(h) Type 5
S (J
J0359+5057 (NRAO150) 2007.03 2007.58 2008.17 2009.52 2007.07 2007.15 2007.23 2007.32 2007.38 2007.48 2007.55 2007.65 2007.71 2007.77 2007.86 2007.88 2007.96 2008.05 2008.13 2008.22 2008.34 2008.41 2008.49 2008.57 2008.64 2008.71 2008.79 2008.85 2008.93 2009.02
2009.06 2009.18 2009.28 2009.33 2009.41 2009.48 2009.58 2009.66 2009.74 2009.84 2009.91 2010.08 2010.20 2010.25 2010.33 2010.39 2010.48 2010.58 2010.62 2010.71 2010.79 2010.87 2011.02 2011.08 2011.21 2011.33 2011.43 2011.52 2011.59
(i) Type 5b
Fig. 2. The prototypes of the 5 classes and their sub-classes. All of them are plotted in the same scale to allow comparisons. The prototypes have all the available data which makes their definition di!cult to see. Probably we should plot the spectra only every second. The first 4 classes can be interpreted with a simple physical systems made of one quiescent optically thin component underlying a flaring Synchrotron self-absorbed flaring event.
Type 5b: This type shows, in principle, characteristics similar to the previous one but there occurs a significant shift of the peak (Sm, !m) towards lower frequencies as the peak flux density increases.
This classification is done solely on the basis of the phe- nomenological characteristics of the variability pattern shown by the radio spectra within a given band-pass. This explains the fragmentation of the classification to several numerous types despite the clear hints that some of those could be further uni- fied. This is discussed later when a physical interpretation is at- tempted (Sect. ??).
5.2. A physical interpretation of the different types
In the following it will be shown that the seemingly arbitrary classification discussed in Sect. 5.1 is subject to an interpretation of physical meaning so that the first four types can be reproduced by a simple two-component system.
Let us assume a two-component principal system located at z = 0. The assumed system consists of:
1. A power law quiescence spectrum with S ! !" and " " #0.5 is this what chris is assuming. This spectrum can be seen as the manifestation of an optically thin di"use emission com- ing from a relaxed large scale jet or even a population of aged electron that have caused a recent flaring event.
2. A convex synchrotron self-absorbed spectrum representative of an outburst superimposed on the quiescence part.
A qualitative depiction of the assumed configuration is pre- sented in Fig. 2. The phenomenology shown there captures the system (solid line) at an instant in time. On the basis of this as- sumption the spectrum that would be observed at an instant of time, is inscribed in two parameters of the shaded areas shown there:
1. The position of the shaded areas relative to the high fre- quency peak (i.e. the peak of the outburst). This parameter denotes the relative position of the centre of our band-pass with respect to the source spectrum.
2. The width of the shaded areas relative to the width of the bridge (the total minimum) between the optically thick part of the outburst and the steep part of the quiescence spectrum.
4
Thursday, November 10, 2011
Mechanism 2 Achromatic variability
Mechanism 1: Spectral Evolution
Angelakis et al. in prep.
E. Angelakis et al.: On the phenomenological classification of continuum radio spectrum variability pattern
0.1
1
10
100
S (J
Frequency (GHz)
J0238+1636 (AO0235+16) 2007.03 2007.58 2009.95 2007.07 2007.15 2007.23 2007.38 2007.48 2007.55 2007.63 2007.65 2007.71 2007.77 2007.86 2007.88 2007.96 2008.05 2008.13 2008.22 2008.34 2008.41 2008.49 2008.57 2008.64 2008.71 2008.79 2008.85 2008.93 2009.02
2009.06 2009.18 2009.28 2009.41 2009.48 2009.58 2009.66 2009.74 2009.84 2009.91 2010.01 2010.08 2010.16 2010.20 2010.25 2010.33 2010.39 2010.48 2010.58 2010.62 2010.71 2010.79 2010.87 2011.02 2011.08 2011.17 2011.21 2011.33 2011.43
(a) Type 1
S (J
J0854+2006 (OJ287) 2007.42 2008.17 2007.07 2007.15 2007.23 2007.32 2007.38 2007.48 2007.55 2007.65 2007.71 2007.77 2007.88 2007.96 2008.05 2008.13 2008.22 2008.34 2008.41 2008.49 2008.57 2008.64 2008.71 2008.79 2008.85 2008.93 2009.02 2009.06
2009.18 2009.33 2009.41 2009.48 2009.58 2009.66 2009.74 2009.84 2009.91 2010.01 2010.08 2010.16 2010.20 2010.25 2010.33 2010.39 2010.48 2010.62 2010.71 2010.79 2010.87 2011.02 2011.08 2011.17 2011.21 2011.33 2011.43
(b) Type 1b
S (J
Frequency (GHz)
J0530+1331 (PKS0528+134) 2007.03 2008.17 2009.12 2009.13 2007.15 2007.23 2007.55 2007.63 2007.65 2007.71 2007.77 2007.88 2007.96 2008.05 2008.13 2008.22 2008.34 2008.41 2008.49 2008.57 2008.60 2008.64 2008.71 2008.79 2008.85 2008.93 2009.02 2009.06
2009.18 2009.28 2009.33 2009.41 2009.48 2009.58 2009.66 2009.74 2009.84 2009.91 2010.01 2010.08 2010.16 2010.20 2010.25 2010.33 2010.39 2010.48 2010.58 2010.62 2010.71 2010.79 2010.87 2011.02 2011.17 2011.21 2011.33 2011.43
(c) Type 2
S (J
J2232+1143 (CTA102) 2007.03 2008.29 2009.95 2007.07 2007.15 2007.23 2007.32 2007.38 2007.55 2007.63 2007.71 2007.77 2007.86 2007.88 2007.96 2008.05 2008.13 2008.22 2008.34 2008.41 2008.49 2008.57 2008.64 2008.71 2008.79 2008.85 2008.93 2009.02 2009.06
2009.18 2009.28 2009.33 2009.41 2009.48 2009.58 2009.66 2009.74 2009.84 2009.91 2010.01 2010.08 2010.16 2010.20 2010.25 2010.33 2010.39 2010.48 2010.58 2010.62 2010.71 2010.79 2010.87 2011.02 2011.08 2011.21 2011.33 2011.43
(d) Type 3
S (J
J0418+3801 (3C111) 2007.03 2007.58 2008.17 2009.36 2007.15 2007.23 2007.32 2007.48 2007.63 2007.65 2007.71 2007.77 2007.88 2007.96 2008.05 2008.13 2008.22 2008.34 2008.41 2008.49 2008.57 2008.64 2008.71 2008.79 2008.85 2008.93 2009.02
2009.06 2009.18 2009.28 2009.33 2009.41 2009.48 2009.58 2009.66 2009.74 2009.84 2009.91 2010.01 2010.08 2010.20 2010.25 2010.33 2010.39 2010.48 2010.58 2010.62 2010.79 2010.87 2011.02 2011.17 2011.21 2011.33 2011.43
(e) Type 3b
S (J
J1130-1449 (PKS1127-14) 2007.48 2007.63 2007.77 2007.86 2007.88 2007.96 2008.05 2008.13 2008.22 2008.34 2008.41 2008.49 2008.57 2008.64 2008.71 2008.79 2008.85 2009.02 2009.28 2009.33 2009.41
2009.48 2009.58 2009.66 2009.74 2009.84 2009.91 2010.08 2010.20 2010.25 2010.33 2010.39 2010.48 2010.58 2010.62 2010.79 2010.87 2011.02 2011.17 2011.21 2011.33 2011.43
(f) Type 4
S (J
Frequency (GHz)
J0738+1742 (PKS0735+17) 2007.07 2007.15 2007.23 2007.38 2007.48 2007.55 2007.65 2007.71 2007.77 2007.88 2007.96 2008.05 2008.13 2008.22 2008.34 2008.41 2008.49 2008.57 2008.64 2008.71 2008.79 2008.85 2008.93 2009.02 2009.06
2009.18 2009.28 2009.33 2009.58 2009.66 2009.74 2009.84 2009.91 2010.01 2010.20 2010.25 2010.33 2010.39 2010.48 2010.58 2010.62 2010.71 2010.79 2010.87 2011.02 2011.08 2011.17 2011.21 2011.33 2011.43
(g) Type 4b
S (J
J0730-1141 (0727-11) 2009.12 2007.65 2007.71 2008.49 2008.57 2008.60 2008.71 2008.79 2008.85 2008.93 2009.18 2009.28 2009.33 2009.58 2009.66 2009.74 2009.84 2009.91
2010.08 2010.20 2010.25 2010.33 2010.39 2010.48 2010.58 2010.62 2010.71 2010.79 2010.87 2011.02 2011.08 2011.17 2011.21 2011.33 2011.43
(h) Type 5
S (J
J0359+5057 (NRAO150) 2007.03 2007.58 2008.17 2009.52 2007.07 2007.15 2007.23 2007.32 2007.38 2007.48 2007.55 2007.65 2007.71 2007.77 2007.86 2007.88 2007.96 2008.05 2008.13 2008.22 2008.34 2008.41 2008.49 2008.57 2008.64 2008.71 2008.79 2008.85 2008.93 2009.02
2009.06 2009.18 2009.28 2009.33 2009.41 2009.48 2009.58 2009.66 2009.74 2009.84 2009.91 2010.08 2010.20 2010.25 2010.33 2010.39 2010.48 2010.58 2010.62 2010.71 2010.79 2010.87 2011.02 2011.08 2011.21 2011.33 2011.43 2011.52 2011.59
(i) Type 5b
Fig. 2. The prototypes of the 5 classes and their sub-classes. All of them are plotted in the same scale to allow comparisons. The prototypes have all the available data which makes their definition di!cult to see. Probably we should plot the spectra only every second. The first 4 classes can be interpreted with a simple physical systems made of one quiescent optically thin component underlying a flaring Synchrotron self-absorbed flaring event.
Type 5b: This type shows, in principle, characteristics similar to the previous one but there occurs a significant shift of the peak (Sm, !m) towards lower frequencies as the peak flux density increases.
This classification is done solely on the basis of the phe- nomenological characteristics of the variability pattern shown by the radio spectra within a given band-pass. This explains the fragmentation of the classification to several numerous types despite the clear hints that some of those could be further uni- fied. This is discussed later when a physical interpretation is at- tempted (Sect. ??).
5.2. A physical interpretation of the different types
In the following it will be shown that the seemingly arbitrary classification discussed in Sect. 5.1 is subject to an interpretation of physical meaning so that the first four types can be reproduced by a simple two-component system.
Let us assume a two-component principal system located at z = 0. The assumed system consists of:
1. A power law quiescence spectrum with S ! !" and " " #0.5 is this what chris is assuming. This spectrum can be seen as the manifestation of an optically thin di"use emission com- ing from a relaxed large scale jet or even a population of aged electron that have caused a recent flaring event.
2. A convex synchrotron self-absorbed spectrum representative of an outburst superimposed on the quiescence part.
A qualitative depiction of the assumed configuration is pre- sented in Fig. 2. The phenomenology shown there captures the system (solid line) at an instant in time. On the basis of this as- sumption the spectrum that would be observed at an instant of time, is inscribed in two parameters of the shaded areas shown there:
1. The position of the shaded areas relative to the high fre- quency peak (i.e. the peak of the outburst). This parameter denotes the relative position of the centre of our band-pass with respect to the source spectrum.
2. The width of the shaded areas relative to the width of the bridge (the total minimum) between the optically thick part of the outburst and the steep part of the quiescence spectrum.
4
Thursday, November 10, 2011
E. Angelakis et al.: On the phenomenological classification of continuum radio spectrum variability pattern
0.1
1
10
100
S (J
Frequency (GHz)
J0238+1636 (AO0235+16) 2007.03 2007.58 2009.95 2007.07 2007.15 2007.23 2007.38 2007.48 2007.55 2007.63 2007.65 2007.71 2007.77 2007.86 2007.88 2007.96 2008.05 2008.13 2008.22 2008.34 2008.41 2008.49 2008.57 2008.64 2008.71 2008.79 2008.85 2008.93 2009.02
2009.06 2009.18 2009.28 2009.41 2009.48 2009.58 2009.66 2009.74 2009.84 2009.91 2010.01 2010.08 2010.16 2010.20 2010.25 2010.33 2010.39 2010.48 2010.58 2010.62 2010.71 2010.79 2010.87 2011.02 2011.08 2011.17 2011.21 2011.33 2011.43
(a) Type 1
S (J
J0854+2006 (OJ287) 2007.42 2008.17 2007.07 2007.15 2007.23 2007.32 2007.38 2007.48 2007.55 2007.65 2007.71 2007.77 2007.88 2007.96 2008.05 2008.13 2008.22 2008.34 2008.41 2008.49 2008.57 2008.64 2008.71 2008.79 2008.85 2008.93 2009.02 2009.06
2009.18 2009.33 2009.41 2009.48 2009.58 2009.66 2009.74 2009.84 2009.91 2010.01 2010.08 2010.16 2010.20 2010.25 2010.33 2010.39 2010.48 2010.62 2010.71 2010.79 2010.87 2011.02 2011.08 2011.17 2011.21 2011.33 2011.43
(b) Type 1b
S (J
Frequency (GHz)
J0530+1331 (PKS0528+134) 2007.03 2008.17 2009.12 2009.13 2007.15 2007.23 2007.55 2007.63 2007.65 2007.71 2007.77 2007.88 2007.96 2008.05 2008.13 2008.22 2008.34 2008.41 2008.49 2008.57 2008.60 2008.64 2008.71 2008.79 2008.85 2008.93 2009.02 2009.06
2009.18 2009.28 2009.33 2009.41 2009.48 2009.58 2009.66 2009.74 2009.84 2009.91 2010.01 2010.08 2010.16 2010.20 2010.25 2010.33 2010.39 2010.48 2010.58 2010.62 2010.71 2010.79 2010.87 2011.02 2011.17 2011.21 2011.33 2011.43
(c) Type 2
S (J
J2232+1143 (CTA102) 2007.03 2008.29 2009.95 2007.07 2007.15 2007.23 2007.32 2007.38 2007.55 2007.63 2007.71 2007.77 2007.86 2007.88 2007.96 2008.05 2008.13 2008.22 2008.34 2008.41 2008.49 2008.57 2008.64 2008.71 2008.79 2008.85 2008.93 2009.02 2009.06
2009.18 2009.28 2009.33 2009.41 2009.48 2009.58 2009.66 2009.74 2009.84 2009.91 2010.01 2010.08 2010.16 2010.20 2010.25 2010.33 2010.39 2010.48 2010.58 2010.62 2010.71 2010.79 2010.87 2011.02 2011.08 2011.21 2011.33 2011.43
(d) Type 3
S (J
J0418+3801 (3C111) 2007.03 2007.58 2008.17 2009.36 2007.15 2007.23 2007.32 2007.48 2007.63 2007.65 2007.71 2007.77 2007.88 2007.96 2008.05 2008.13 2008.22 2008.34 2008.41 2008.49 2008.57 2008.64 2008.71 2008.79 2008.85 2008.93 2009.02
2009.06 2009.18 2009.28 2009.33 2009.41 2009.48 2009.58 2009.66 2009.74 2009.84 2009.91 2010.01 2010.08 2010.20 2010.25 2010.33 2010.39 2010.48 2010.58 2010.62 2010.79 2010.87 2011.02 2011.17 2011.21 2011.33 2011.43
(e) Type 3b
S (J
J1130-1449 (PKS1127-14) 2007.48 2007.63 2007.77 2007.86 2007.88 2007.96 2008.05 2008.13 2008.22 2008.34 2008.41 2008.49 2008.57 2008.64 2008.71 2008.79 2008.85 2009.02 2009.28 2009.33 2009.41
2009.48 2009.58 2009.66 2009.74 2009.84 2009.91 2010.08 2010.20 2010.25 2010.33 2010.39 2010.48 2010.58 2010.62 2010.79 2010.87 2011.02 2011.17 2011.21 2011.33 2011.43
(f) Type 4
S (J
Frequency (GHz)
J0738+1742 (PKS0735+17) 2007.07 2007.15 2007.23 2007.38 2007.48 2007.55 2007.65 2007.71 2007.77 2007.88 2007.96 2008.05 2008.13 2008.22 2008.34 2008.41 2008.49 2008.57 2008.64 2008.71 2008.79 2008.85 2008.93 2009.02 2009.06
2009.18 2009.28 2009.33 2009.58 2009.66 2009.74 2009.84 2009.91 2010.01 2010.20 2010.25 2010.33 2010.39 2010.48 2010.58 2010.62 2010.71 2010.79 2010.87 2011.02 2011.08 2011.17 2011.21 2011.33 2011.43
(g) Type 4b
S (J
J0730-1141 (0727-11) 2009.12 2007.65 2007.71 2008.49 2008.57 2008.60 2008.71 2008.79 2008.85 2008.93 2009.18 2009.28 2009.33 2009.58 2009.66 2009.74 2009.84 2009.91
2010.08 2010.20 2010.25 2010.33 2010.39 2010.48 2010.58 2010.62 2010.71 2010.79 2010.87 2011.02 2011.08 2011.17 2011.21 2011.33 2011.43
(h) Type 5
S (J
J0359+5057 (NRAO150) 2007.03 2007.58 2008.17 2009.52 2007.07 2007.15 2007.23 2007.32 2007.38 2007.48 2007.55 2007.65 2007.71 2007.77 2007.86 2007.88 2007.96 2008.05 2008.13 2008.22 2008.34 2008.41 2008.49 2008.57 2008.64 2008.71 2008.79 2008.85 2008.93
2009.02 2009.06 2009.18 2009.28 2009.33 2009.41 2009.48 2009.58 2009.66 2009.74 2009.84 2009.91 2010.08 2010.20 2010.25 2010.33 2010.39 2010.48 2010.58 2010.62 2010.71 2010.79 2010.87 2011.02 2011.08 2011.21 2011.33 2011.43
(i) Type 5b
Fig. 2. The prototypes of the 5 classes and their sub-classes. All of them are plotted in the same scale to allow comparisons. The prototypes have all the available data which makes their definition di!cult to see. Probably we should plot the spectra only every second. The first 4 classes can be interpreted with a simple physical systems made of one quiescent optically thin component underlying a flaring Synchrotron self-absorbed flaring event.
Type 5b: This type shows, in principle, characteristics similar to the previous one but there occurs a significant shift of the peak (Sm, !m) towards lower frequencies as the peak flux density increases.
This classification is done solely on the basis of the phe- nomenological characteristics of the variability pattern shown by the radio spectra within a given band-pass. This explains the fragmentation of the classification to several numerous types despite the clear hints that some of those could be further uni- fied. This is discussed later when a physical interpretation is at- tempted (Sect. ??).
5.2. A physical interpretation of the different types
In the following it will be shown that the seemingly arbitrary classification discussed in Sect. 5.1 is subject to an interpretation of physical meaning so that the first four types can be reproduced by a simple two-component system.
Let us assume a two-component principal system located at z = 0. The assumed system consists of:
1. A power law quiescence spectrum with S ! !" and " " #0.5 is this what chris is assuming. This spectrum can be seen as the manifestation of an optically thin di"use emission com- ing from a relaxed large scale jet or even a population of aged electron that have caused a recent flaring event.
2. A convex synchrotron self-absorbed spectrum representative of an outburst superimposed on the quiescence part.
A qualitative depiction of the assumed configuration is pre- sented in Fig. 2. The phenomenology shown there captures the system (solid line) at an instant in time. On the basis of this as- sumption the spectrum that would be observed at an instant of time, is inscribed in two parameters of the shaded areas shown there:
1. The position of the shaded areas relative to the high fre- quency peak (i.e. the peak of the outburst). This parameter denotes the relative position of the centre of our band-pass with respect to the source spectrum.
2. The width of the shaded areas relative to the width of the bridge (the total minimum) between the optically thick part of the outburst and the steep part of the quiescence spectrum.
4
E. Angelakis et al.: On the phenomenological classification of continuum radio spectrum variability pattern
0.1
1
10
100
S (J
Frequency (GHz)
J0238+1636 (AO0235+16) 2007.03 2007.58 2009.95 2007.07 2007.15 2007.23 2007.38 2007.48 2007.55 2007.63 2007.65 2007.71 2007.77 2007.86 2007.88 2007.96 2008.05 2008.13 2008.22 2008.34 2008.41 2008.49 2008.57 2008.64 2008.71 2008.79 2008.85 2008.93 2009.02
2009.06 2009.18 2009.28 2009.41 2009.48 2009.58 2009.66 2009.74 2009.84 2009.91 2010.01 2010.08 2010.16 2010.20 2010.25 2010.33 2010.39 2010.48 2010.58 2010.62 2010.71 2010.79 2010.87 2011.02 2011.08 2011.17 2011.21 2011.33 2011.43
(a) Type 1
S (J
J0854+2006 (OJ287) 2007.42 2008.17 2007.07 2007.15 2007.23 2007.32 2007.38 2007.48 2007.55 2007.65 2007.71 2007.77 2007.88 2007.96 2008.05 2008.13 2008.22 2008.34 2008.41 2008.49 2008.57 2008.64 2008.71 2008.79 2008.85 2008.93 2009.02 2009.06
2009.18 2009.33 2009.41 2009.48 2009.58 2009.66 2009.74 2009.84 2009.91 2010.01 2010.08 2010.16 2010.20 2010.25 2010.33 2010.39 2010.48 2010.62 2010.71 2010.79 2010.87 2011.02 2011.08 2011.17 2011.21 2011.33 2011.43
(b) Type 1b
S (J
Frequency (GHz)
J0530+1331 (PKS0528+134) 2007.03 2008.17 2009.12 2009.13 2007.15 2007.23 2007.55 2007.63 2007.65 2007.71 2007.77 2007.88 2007.96 2008.05 2008.13 2008.22 2008.34 2008.41 2008.49 2008.57 2008.60 2008.64 2008.71 2008.79 2008.85 2008.93 2009.02 2009.06
2009.18 2009.28 2009.33 2009.41 2009.48 2009.58 2009.66 2009.74 2009.84 2009.91 2010.01 2010.08 2010.16 2010.20 2010.25 2010.33 2010.39 2010.48 2010.58 2010.62 2010.71 2010.79 2010.87 2011.02 2011.17 2011.21 2011.33 2011.43
(c) Type 2
(J y)
Frequency (GHz)
J2232+1143 (CTA102) 2007.03 2008.29 2009.95 2007.07 2007.15 2007.23 2007.32 2007.38 2007.55 2007.63 2007.71 2007.77 2007.86 2007.88 2007.96 2008.05 2008.13 2008.22 2008.34 2008.41 2008.49 2008.57 2008.64 2008.71 2008.79 2008.85 2008.93 2009.02 2009.06
2009.18 2009.28 2009.33 2009.41 2009.48 2009.58 2009.66 2009.74 2009.84 2009.91 2010.01 2010.08 2010.16 2010.20 2010.25 2010.33 2010.39 2010.48 2010.58 2010.62 2010.71 2010.79 2010.87 2011.02 2011.08 2011.21 2011.33 2011.43
(d) Type 3
S (J
J0418+3801 (3C111) 2007.03 2007.58 2008.17 2009.36 2007.15 2007.23 2007.32 2007.48 2007.63 2007.65 2007.71 2007.77 2007.88 2007.96 2008.05 2008.13 2008.22 2008.34 2008.41 2008.49 2008.57 2008.64 2008.71 2008.79 2008.85 2008.93 2009.02
2009.06 2009.18 2009.28 2009.33 2009.41 2009.48 2009.58 2009.66 2009.74 2009.84 2009.91 2010.01 2010.08 2010.20 2010.25 2010.33 2010.39 2010.48 2010.58 2010.62 2010.79 2010.87 2011.02 2011.17 2011.21 2011.33 2011.43
(e) Type 3b
S (J
J1130-1449 (PKS1127-14) 2007.48 2007.63 2007.77 2007.86 2007.88 2007.96 2008.05 2008.13 2008.22 2008.34 2008.41 2008.49 2008.57 2008.64 2008.71 2008.79 2008.85 2009.02 2009.28 2009.33 2009.41
2009.48 2009.58 2009.66 2009.74 2009.84 2009.91 2010.08 2010.20 2010.25 2010.33 2010.39 2010.48 2010.58 2010.62 2010.79 2010.87 2011.02 2011.17 2011.21 2011.33 2011.43
(f) Type 4
S (J
Frequency (GHz)
J0738+1742 (PKS0735+17) 2007.07 2007.15 2007.23 2007.38 2007.48 2007.55 2007.65 2007.71 2007.77 2007.88 2007.96 2008.05 2008.13 2008.22 2008.34 2008.41 2008.49 2008.57 2008.64 2008.71 2008.79 2008.85 2008.93 2009.02 2009.06
2009.18 2009.28 2009.33 2009.58 2009.66 2009.74 2009.84 2009.91 2010.01 2010.20 2010.25 2010.33 2010.39 2010.48 2010.58 2010.62 2010.71 2010.79 2010.87 2011.02 2011.08 2011.17 2011.21 2011.33 2011.43
(g) Type 4b
S (J
J0730-1141 (0727-11) 2009.12 2007.65 2007.71 2008.49 2008.57 2008.60 2008.71 2008.79 2008.85 2008.93 2009.18 2009.28 2009.33 2009.58 2009.66 2009.74 2009.84 2009.91
2010.08 2010.20 2010.25 2010.33 2010.39 2010.48 2010.58 2010.62 2010.71 2010.79 2010.87 2011.02 2011.08 2011.17 2011.21 2011.33 2011.43
(h) Type 5
S (J
J0359+5057 (NRAO150) 2007.03 2007.58 2008.17 2009.52 2007.07 2007.15 2007.23 2007.32 2007.38 2007.48 2007.55 2007.65 2007.71 2007.77 2007.86 2007.88 2007.96 2008.05 2008.13 2008.22 2008.34 2008.41 2008.49 2008.57 2008.64 2008.71 2008.79 2008.85 2008.93
2009.02 2009.06 2009.18 2009.28 2009.33 2009.41 2009.48 2009.58 2009.66 2009.74 2009.84 2009.91 2010.08 2010.20 2010.25 2010.33 2010.39 2010.48 2010.58 2010.62 2010.71 2010.79 2010.87 2011.02 2011.08 2011.21 2011.33 2011.43
(i) Type 5b
Fig. 2. The prototypes of the 5 classes and their sub-classes. All of them are plotted in the same scale to allow comparisons. The prototypes have all the available data which makes their definition di!cult to see. Probably we should plot the spectra only every second. The first 4 classes can be interpreted with a simple physical systems made of one quiescent optically thin component underlying a flaring Synchrotron self-absorbed flaring event.
Type 5b: This type shows, in principle, characteristics similar to the previous one but there occurs a significant shift of the peak (Sm, !m) towards lower frequencies as the peak flux density increases.
This classification is done solely on the basis of the phe- nomenological characteristics of the variability pattern shown by the radio spectra within a given band-pass. This explains the fragmentation of the classification to several numerous types despite the clear hints that some of those could be further uni- fied. This is discussed later when a physical interpretation is at- tempted (Sect. ??).
5.2. A physical interpretation of the different types
In the following it will be shown that the seemingly arbitrary classification discussed in Sect. 5.1 is subject to an interpretation of physical meaning so that the first four types can be reproduced by a simple two-component system.
Let us assume a two-component principal system located at z = 0. The assumed system consists of:
1. A power law quiescence spectrum with S ! !" and " " #0.5 is this what chris is assuming. This spectrum can be seen as the manifestation of an optically thin di"use emission com- ing from a relaxed large scale jet or even a population of aged electron that have caused a recent flaring event.
2. A convex synchrotron self-absorbed spectrum representative of an outburst superimposed on the quiescence part.
A qualitative depiction of the assumed configuration is pre- sented in Fig. 2. The phenomenology shown there captures the system (solid line) at an instant in time. On the basis of this as- sumption the spectrum that would be observed at an instant of time, is inscribed in two parameters of the shaded areas shown there:
1. The position of the shaded areas relative to the high fre- quency peak (i.e. the peak of the outburst). This parameter denotes the relative position of the centre of our band-pass with respect to the source spectrum.
2. The width of the shaded areas relative to the width of the bridge (the total minimum) between the optically thick part of the outburst and the steep part of the quiescence spectrum.
4
Thursday, November 10, 2011
reproducing the observed variability pattern
E. Angelakis et al.: On the phenomenological classification of continuum radio spectrum variability pattern
0.1
1
10
100
S (J
Frequency (GHz)
J0238+1636 (AO0235+16) 2007.03 2007.58 2009.95 2007.07 2007.15 2007.23 2007.38 2007.48 2007.55 2007.63 2007.65 2007.71 2007.77 2007.86 2007.88 2007.96 2008.05 2008.13 2008.22 2008.34 2008.41 2008.49 2008.57 2008.64 2008.71 2008.79 2008.85 2008.93 2009.02
2009.06 2009.18 2009.28 2009.41 2009.48 2009.58 2009.66 2009.74 2009.84 2009.91 2010.01 2010.08 2010.16 2010.20 2010.25 2010.33 2010.39 2010.48 2010.58 2010.62 2010.71 2010.79 2010.87 2011.02 2011.08 2011.17 2011.21 2011.33 2011.43
(a) Type 1
S (J
J0854+2006 (OJ287) 2007.42 2008.17 2007.07 2007.15 2007.23 2007.32 2007.38 2007.48 2007.55 2007.65 2007.71 2007.77 2007.88 2007.96 2008.05 2008.13 2008.22 2008.34 2008.41 2008.49 2008.57 2008.64 2008.71 2008.79 2008.85 2008.93 2009.02 2009.06
2009.18 2009.33 2009.41 2009.48 2009.58 2009.66 2009.74 2009.84 2009.91 2010.01 2010.08 2010.16 2010.20 2010.25 2010.33 2010.39 2010.48 2010.62 2010.71 2010.79 2010.87 2011.02 2011.08 2011.17 2011.21 2011.33 2011.43
(b) Type 1b
S (J
Frequency (GHz)
J0530+1331 (PKS0528+134) 2007.03 2008.17 2009.12 2009.13 2007.15 2007.23 2007.55 2007.63 2007.65 2007.71 2007.77 2007.88 2007.96 2008.05 2008.13 2008.22 2008.34 2008.41 2008.49 2008.57 2008.60 2008.64 2008.71 2008.79 2008.85 2008.93 2009.02 2009.06
2009.18 2009.28 2009.33 2009.41 2009.48 2009.58 2009.66 2009.74 2009.84 2009.91 2010.01 2010.08 2010.16 2010.20 2010.25 2010.33 2010.39 2010.48 2010.58 2010.62 2010.71 2010.79 2010.87 2011.02 2011.17 2011.21 2011.33 2011.43
(c) Type 2
S (J
J2232+1143 (CTA102) 2007.03 2008.29 2009.95 2007.07 2007.15 2007.23 2007.32 2007.38 2007.55 2007.63 2007.71 2007.77 2007.86 2007.88 2007.96 2008.05 2008.13 2008.22 2008.34 2008.41 2008.49 2008.57 2008.64 2008.71 2008.79 2008.85 2008.93 2009.02 2009.06
2009.18 2009.28 2009.33 2009.41 2009.48 2009.58 2009.66 2009.74 2009.84 2009.91 2010.01 2010.08 2010.16 2010.20 2010.25 2010.33 2010.39 2010.48 2010.58 2010.62 2010.71 2010.79 2010.87 2011.02 2011.08 2011.21 2011.33 2011.43
(d) Type 3
S (J
J0418+3801 (3C111) 2007.03 2007.58 2008.17 2009.36 2007.15 2007.23 2007.32 2007.48 2007.63 2007.65 2007.71 2007.77 2007.88 2007.96 2008.05 2008.13 2008.22 2008.34 2008.41 2008.49 2008.57 2008.64 2008.71 2008.79 2008.85 2008.93 2009.02
2009.06 2009.18 2009.28 2009.33 2009.41 2009.48 2009.58 2009.66 2009.74 2009.84 2009.91 2010.01 2010.08 2010.20 2010.25 2010.33 2010.39 2010.48 2010.58 2010.62 2010.79 2010.87 2011.02 2011.17 2011.21 2011.33 2011.43
(e) Type 3b
S (J
J1130-1449 (PKS1127-14) 2007.48 2007.63 2007.77 2007.86 2007.88 2007.96 2008.05 2008.13 2008.22 2008.34 2008.41 2008.49 2008.57 2008.64 2008.71 2008.79 2008.85 2009.02 2009.28 2009.33 2009.41
2009.48 2009.58 2009.66 2009.74 2009.84 2009.91 2010.08 2010.20 2010.25 2010.33 2010.39 2010.48 2010.58 2010.62 2010.79 2010.87 2011.02 2011.17 2011.21 2011.33 2011.43
(f) Type 4
S (J
Frequency (GHz)
J0738+1742 (PKS0735+17) 2007.07 2007.