External Determinants of Aggression

Overview

Before midterm… situational/external factors After midterm… biological/individual factors

So… What are the factors from Chapter 5 (external

factors) and how do they compare/contrast in terms of influencing aggression?

What are the factors from Chapter 4 (social factors), and how to reconcile all of these factors from both chapters ???

External determinants?

Heat Noise Crowding Air Quality Odor Cues Media Self-awareness

So many factors ?!?

Heat Noise Crowding Air Quality Odor Cues Media Self-awareness

Frustration

Magnitude

Arbitrariness

Emotional processes

Cognitive Processes Attacks

Defensive strategy

Impression Management Target

Sex of Target

Race of Target Other people

Obedience

Bystanders

How to reconcile so many factors? = THEORIES

Chapter 1 Instinctive Drives – Evolutionary Perspective Externally created Motivations

Frustration-Aggression modelFrustration-Aggression model Aggressive Cue Theory Excitation Transfer Theory

Cognitive Models Cognitive Neoassociation Model Cognition-Excitation Interdependencies

Learned Behavior Social Learning Theory

How to reconcile so many factors? = THEORIES

Chapter 1Instinctive Drives – Evolutionary Perspective

Externally created MotivationsExternally created Motivations Frustration-Aggression modelFrustration-Aggression model Aggressive Cue Theory Aggressive Cue Theory Excitation Transfer TheoryExcitation Transfer Theory

Cognitive ModelsCognitive Models Cognitive Neoassociation ModelCognitive Neoassociation Model Cognition-Excitation InterdependenciesCognition-Excitation Interdependencies

Learned BehaviorSocial Learning Theory

How to reconcile so many factors? = THEORIES

Chapter 1Instinctive Drives – Evolutionary Perspective

Externally created MotivationsExternally created Motivations Frustration-Aggression modelFrustration-Aggression model Aggressive Cue Theory Aggressive Cue Theory Excitation Transfer TheoryExcitation Transfer Theory

Cognitive ModelsCognitive Models Cognitive Neoassociation ModelCognitive Neoassociation Model Cognition-Excitation InterdependenciesCognition-Excitation Interdependencies

Learned BehaviorSocial Learning Theory

(plus pages 263-269, “Aggression (plus pages 263-269, “Aggression influences Arousal”)influences Arousal”)

How to reconcile so many factors? = THEORIES

Chapter 1Instinctive Drives – Evolutionary Perspective

Externally created MotivationsExternally created Motivations Frustration-Aggression modelFrustration-Aggression model (Dollard)(Dollard) Aggressive Cue Theory Aggressive Cue Theory (Berkowitz)(Berkowitz) Excitation Transfer Theory Excitation Transfer Theory (Zillman)(Zillman)

Cognitive ModelsCognitive Models Cognitive Neoassociation ModelCognitive Neoassociation Model (Berkowitz)(Berkowitz) Cognition-Excitation Interdependence Cognition-Excitation Interdependence (Zillman)(Zillman)

Learned BehaviorSocial Learning Theory

Frustration (and only frustration)

AggressionAggression(of all forms)(of all forms)

Original Frustration-Aggression Hypothesis

Frustration

Negative FeelingsNegative Feelings

Emotional Aggression

Pain HeatAny Other Unpleasant Experience

Frustration-Aggression Hypothesis (Reformulated)

Negative FeelingsNegative Feelings

Unpleasant Experiences (pain, heat, etc.)

Cognitive neoassociation modelCognitive neoassociation model

Angry Thoughts and Associations

FightFight

Negative FeelingsNegative Feelings

Unpleasant Experiences (pain, heat, etc.)

Angry Thoughts and Associations

Fearful Thoughts and Associations

Fight FlightFlight

OROR

Cognitive neoassociation modelCognitive neoassociation model

Negative FeelingsNegative Feelings

Unpleasant Experiences (pain, heat, etc.)

Angry Thoughts and Associations

Fearful Thoughts and Associations

Fight Flight

OROR

Objects or Events Priming

Aggression

Cognitive neoassociation modelCognitive neoassociation model

Angry Thoughts and Associations

Negative FeelingsNegative Feelings

Unpleasant Experiences (pain, heat, etc.)

Fearful Thoughts and Associations

Fight Flight

Objects or Events Priming

Aggression

Negative FeelingsNegative Feelings

AngryThoughts and Associations

Cognitive neoassociation modelCognitive neoassociation model

FightFightFight

AngryThoughts and Associations

Angry Thoughts Angry Thoughts and Associationsand Associations

Negative FeelingsNegative Feelings

Unpleasant Experiences (pain, heat, etc.)

Fearful Thoughts and Associations

Flight

Objects or Events Priming

Aggression

Cognitive neoassociation modelCognitive neoassociation model