External Assessment Material Past Paper...The therapist removes the infrared lamp immediately and, during closer inspection, she notices that red weals have appeared on the client’s

CT3D1.EX1.Past Paper

External Assessment Material – Past

Paper

CT3D1 – Level 3 Diploma in Complementary Therapies


Please write clearly in block capitals.

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Date

External Assessment Material – Past Paper

CT3D1 – Level 3 Diploma in Complementary Therapies

EXAM QUESTIONS Time allowed: Instructions

Use black ink.

Answer all questions.

You must answer questions in the spaces provided.

Do all rough work in this book. Cross through any work you do not want to be marked.

Information

There are two sections to this paper.

Both sections should be attempted.

The marks for the questions are shown in brackets. Advice Please read each question carefully before answering.


Q1 (a) From the list of options, select the correct term for a group of diseases caused by a fungus:

[1 marks]

A folliculitis

B herpes

C impetigo

D tinea

E verrucae

Total for Question 1 = 1 marks

A therapist must have a thorough understanding of contra-indications when checking a

client’s suitability for a complementary therapy massage treatment. There are many skin

diseases and disorders that could prevent or restrict a treatment.


Q2 (a) From the list of options, select the regulation that would provide guidance for the therapist on this area:

[1 marks]

A Health and Safety Information for Employees Regulations

B Manual Handling Operations Regulations

C Personal Protective Equipment at Work Regulations

D Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations

E Workplace Health, Safety and Welfare Regulations


A newly-employed therapist regularly returns home from work with headaches. He is

concerned that the headaches may be due to the inadequate lighting, cleanliness and

ventilation in the salon.


Q3 (a) From the list of options, select the individual who applied the French terms to the five classical massage techniques:

[1 marks]

A Ambroise Pare

B Charles Taylor

C Johan Mezger

D Mathias Roth

E Pehr Henrik Ling


It is important for therapists to understand the development of massage treatments

and how the concepts used today were written about many years ago.


Q4 (a) From the list of options, select the contra-action that may have occurred:

[1 marks]

A ephelides

B erythema

C folliculitis

D rosacea

E urticaria


The client, Malila, wishes to have a relaxing body massage treatment. The therapist

carries out an infrared preheat treatment to induce relaxation and warm the client’s

muscles. During the infrared treatment Malila indicates that her skin is becoming

slightly itchy. The therapist removes the infrared lamp immediately and, during closer

inspection, she notices that red weals have appeared on the client’s skin.


Q5 (a) From the list of options, select the most suitable adaptation the therapist should make to the treatment:

[1 mark]

A concentrate on using deep petrissage around the shoulders

B concentrate on using deep petrissage in the hip area

C concentrate on using tapotement along the vertebrae

D focus on stretching the muscles around the cervical vertebrae

E focus on stretching the muscles around the thoracic vertebrae

Total for Question 5 = 1 mark

Mrs Regan has been suffering from muscular tension in her back which is interrupting

her sleep. During the postural analysis for a massage treatment, the therapist notes that

Mrs Regan suffers from moderate lordosis.


Q6 (a) From the list of options, select the most suitable massage movement that would help to release adhesions:

[1 marks]

A effleurage

B frictions

C percussion

D petrissage

E vibrations


Mohammed has been decorating his house and would like a massage to help relieve the tension in his sore, tight upper-back muscles. During the massage, the therapist locates adhesions in Mohammed’s trapezius muscle.


Q7 (a) From the list of options, select the insurance policy the therapist requires:

[1 mark]

A employers liability insurance

B personal accident insurance

C product liability insurance

D professional indemnity insurance

E public liability insurance

Total for Question 7 = 1 mark

A newly-qualified therapist requires insurance that will cover against any allegations that may be made regarding inadequate advice or services to the client and any legal costs and expenses in defending the claim.


Q8 (a) From the list of options, select the individual who was accredited for developing

modern zone therapy:

[1 marks]

A Doreen Bayley

B Eunice Ingham

C Hanne Marquardt

D Joseph Riley

E William Fitzgerald


Over the years many dedicated practitioners have made major contributions to the

development of reflexology. One such individual established the principle that energy

zones run throughout the body and there are reflex areas on the feet that correspond to

all the major organs and glands in the human body.


Q9 (a) From the list of options, select the alternative massage therapy the client has been referred for:

[1 marks]

A acupressure

B Bowen technique

C lomi lomi

D reiki

E shiatsu


The complementary therapist refers her client for an alternative massage therapy. The

client wishes to have a treatment that releases tension, reduces pain and develops

spirituality and vibrant health. The treatment involves pressing key healing points which

helps the body stimulate its natural self-curative abilities.


Q10 (a) From the list of options, select the action the therapist should take:

[1 marks]

A cancel the appointment as the client's skin type contra-indicates the treatment

B concentrate on stimulating movements to improve the general fatigue

C perform the treatment as usual and ensure client comfort when massaging the abdomen

D perform the treatment using grapeseed oil to suit client's skin type

E rebook the appointment for when the diarrhoea has subsided


Marika attends the clinic for a full-body massage treatment and during the consultation it appears that she is suffering from insomnia and general fatigue. She has oily skin, with signs of acne vulgaris and also explains that she has been suffering with diarrhoea for the last few days.


Q11 (a) From the list of options, select the piece of legislation that must be adhered to when storing or using client information: [1 marks]

A Consumer Protection Act

B Consumer Safety Act

C Data Protection Act

D Sale and Supply of Goods Act

E Trade Descriptions Act


The consultation process is used to assess the clients’ needs, suitability for treatment, and record personal information for future reference. It is the salon’s legal responsibility to ensure that the clients’ details are stored and used in the correct manner.


Q12 (a) Compare the difference between fixed and variable costs.

[2 marks]


It is important that a complementary therapist has financial resources and is educated about the costs that go into running a successful business. There are many hidden costs, and underestimating them may be a key contributor to business failure.


Q13 (a) Identify two different types of business.

[2 marks]


A business plan gives an outline of the business, the market in which it will operate and how it aims to be profitable. In order to assist in developing a business plan, a complementary therapist must have an understanding of different business types.


Q14 (a) Identify four different employment opportunities for complementary therapists.

[4 marks]


‘Essential Beauty’ is an established business on the outskirts of London. Recently they have seen a growth in the client base and a rise in demand for complementary therapies. Following a management meeting, it has been agreed that they need to employ more staff. The salon manager has been tasked with exploring the different employment opportunities that would meet the demands of the business.


Q15 (a) Summarise the role of a salon manager.

[2 marks]




Q16 (a) Evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of working in a salon which is situated within a hotel.

[4 marks]




Q17 (a) Outline three considerations when preparing the treatment room for the client.

[3 marks]


Marian is a 55 year old, semi-retired school secretary and has attended the clinic for a body massage treatment. She has recently become a grandmother and is helping with childcare. She is on medication for hypertension and had a knee replacement three years ago. Her doctor has provided permission for her to receive treatments for relaxation and stress relief. Marian has a fairly well-balanced diet, enjoys a glass of wine with her evening meal every night and drinks black coffee regularly. She has started to suffer with lower back pain, which she puts down to picking up the baby, and slight swelling around her ankles.


Q18 (a) Identify and describe three suitable treatment modifications for the client:

[6 marks]


END OF EXAM



General marking guidance

All learners must receive the same treatment. Examiners must mark all learners in the exact same way.

Examiners should positively apply marking grids. Learners must be rewarded for what they have shown they can do, rather than be penalised for omissions.

The marking grid should be used at all times with all marks used appropriately.

Marks on the marking grid are designed to be awarded. Examiners are encouraged to award full marks if deserved. In contrast, examiners should award zero marks if there is no rewardable content.

Where judgement is required, the marking grid will provide the principles by which marks will be awarded.

Answers provided are indicative and not exhaustive. Other suitable answers provided by a learner should be rewarded.

Examiners in doubt regarding the application of the marking grid to a learner’s response must consult with a senior examiner.

CT3D1.EX1 Mark Scheme


Most correct answer Least correct answer

D B C A E

A therapist must have a thorough understanding of contra-indications when checking a client’s suitability for a complementary therapy massage treatment. There are many skin diseases and disorders that could prevent or restrict a treatment.

Q1 (a) From the list of options, select the correct term for a group of diseases caused by a fungus:

UCT4M

LO4 Multiple Choice Question Answer

A folliculitis Incorrect answer because this identifies a bacterial infection.

B herpes Incorrect answer because this identifies a viral infection.

C impetigo Incorrect answer because this identifies a bacterial infection, often a secondary infection.

D tinea Correct answer because this is the name for a group of diseases caused by a fungus.

E verrucae Incorrect answer because this identifies a viral infection.


A newly-employed therapist regularly returns home from work with headaches. He is concerned that the headaches may be due to the inadequate lighting, cleanliness and ventilation in the salon.

Q2 (a) From the list of options, select the regulation that would provide guidance for the therapist on this area:

UCT1M

LO1

UCT2M

LO2

Multiple Choice Question Answer

A Health and Safety Information for

Employees Regulations

Incorrect answer because this regulation requires employers to give information to employees by means of either displaying a poster or distributing a copy of the approved leaflet.

B Manual Handling Operations

Regulations Incorrect answer because this regulates any activity that requires an individual to lift, move or support a load, which is classified as a manual handling task.

C Personal Protective Equipment at

Work Regulations Incorrect answer because this regulates that employers have duties concerning the provision and use of personal protective equipment (PPE) at work.

D Provision and Use of Work

Equipment Regulations Incorrect answer because this regulation requires that equipment provided for use at work, including machinery, is safe.

E Workplace Health, Safety and

Welfare Regulations

Correct answer because this regulation requires all employers to ensure that the salon has adequate ventilation from chemicals, a good standard of cleanliness and adequate lighting and toilet facilities.



E D A B C



C E A B D

It is important for therapists to understand the development of massage treatments and how the concepts used today were written about many years ago.

Q3 (a) From the list of options, select the individual who applied the French terms to the five classical massage techniques:

UCT2M

UCT4M

LO1


A Ambroise Pare Incorrect answer because this was the French doctor who used massage to treat stiff joints.

B Charles Taylor Incorrect answer because this is one of the two brothers who introduced massage to the US.

C Johan Mezger Correct answer because this was the Dutch massage practitioner who applied the French terms to name the five classical movements.

D Mathias Roth Incorrect answer because this was a former student of Ling who introduced massage to Britain.

E Pehr Henrik Ling Incorrect answer because this was the Swedish gymnast who developed a system of massage that used many of the positions and movements used in gymnastics.



E B D C A

The client, Malila, wishes to have a relaxing body massage treatment. The therapist carries out an infrared preheat treatment to induce relaxation and warm the client’s muscles. During the infrared treatment Malila indicates that her skin is becoming slightly itchy. The therapist removes the infrared lamp immediately and, during closer inspection, she notices that red weals have appeared on the client’s skin.

Q4 (a) From the list of options, select the contra-action that may have occurred:

UCT4M

LO4, LO6 Multiple Choice Question Answer

A ephelides Incorrect answer because this is freckles, which are clusters of concentrated melanised cells.

B erythema Incorrect answer because this is superficial reddening of the skin, usually in patches, as a result of injury or irritation causing dilation of the blood capillaries.

C folliculitis Incorrect answer because this is a skin condition caused by an inflammation of one or more hair follicles in a limited area.

D rosacea Incorrect answer because this is a chronic form of acne affecting the nose, forehead, and cheeks, characterised by red pustular lesions.

E urticaria Correct answer because this is a rash of round, red weals on the skin that itch intensely, caused by an allergic reaction, intense heat or pressure.


Mrs Regan has been suffering from muscular tension in her back which is interrupting her sleep. During the postural analysis for a massage treatment, the therapist notes that Mrs Regan suffers from moderate lordosis.

Q5 (a) From the list of options, select the most suitable adaptation the therapist should make to the treatment:

UCT4M


A concentrate on using deep petrissage around the shoulders Incorrect answer because this would be suitable if the client had restricted arm/shoulder movements.

B concentrate on using deep petrissage in the hip area Correct answer because deep stretching of the shortened hip flexor muscles will ease the pressure on the lumber vertebrae.

C concentrate on using tapotement along the vertebrae Incorrect answer because stretching and deep petrissage movements would be needed to be used around the tight erector spinae not stimulating tapotement movements.

D focus on stretching the muscles around the cervical vertebrae Incorrect answer because the muscle needs stretching around the lumbar vertebrae.

E focus on stretching the muscles around the thoracic vertebrae Incorrect answer because the muscle needs stretching around the lumbar vertebrae.


B C E D A


Mohammed has been decorating his house and would like a massage to help relieve the tension in his sore, tight upper-back muscles. During the massage, the therapist locates adhesions in Mohammed’s trapezius muscle.

Q6 (a) From the list of options, select the most suitable massage movement that would help to release adhesions:

UBT4M


A effleurage Incorrect answer because this movement is a flowing movement helping to increase blood and lymph flow.

B frictions Correct answer because this movement is used to break down adhesions in muscles.

C percussion Incorrect answer because this movement has a stimulating effect.

D petrissage Incorrect answer because this movement compresses and relaxes the muscles.

E vibrations Incorrect answer because this movement helps to loosen scar tissue.


B E D C A


A newly-qualified therapist requires insurance that will cover against any allegations that may be made regarding inadequate advice or services to the client and any legal costs and expenses in defending the claim.

Q7 (a) From the list of options, select the insurance policy the therapist requires:

UCT1M

LO1,LO3

UCT4M

LO3


A employers liability insurance Incorrect answer because this is a legal requirement if a business employs one or more people, it protects against the cost of compensation claims arising from employee illness or injury.

B personal accident insurance Incorrect answer because this insurance pays the business a lump sum or weekly amount if the employer, or an insured employee, are unable to work after an accident.

C product liability insurance Incorrect answer because this insurance covers the manufacturer's or seller's liability for losses or injuries to a buyer, user or bystander caused by a defect or malfunction of a product

D professional indemnity insurance Correct answer because this insurance covers any alleged claims that an inadequate services or advice may have been provided to the client.

E public liability insurance Incorrect answer because this insurance covers the cost of any legal action and compensation claims made against a business if a third party is injured or their property suffers damage whilst at the business premises.



D E B A C



E D A C B

Over the years many dedicated practitioners have made major contributions to the development of reflexology. One such individual established the principle that energy zones run throughout the body and there are reflex areas on the feet that correspond to all the major organs and glands in the human body.

Q8 (a) From the list of options, select the individual who was accredited for developing modern zone therapy:

UCT2M


A Doreen Bayley Incorrect answer because Doreen Bayley started the first reflexology training school in Great Britain.

B Eunice Ingham Incorrect answer because Eunice Ingham was known as the mother of reflexology.

C Hanne Marquardt Incorrect answer because Hanne Marquardt was most well-known and experienced reflexologist in Europe today.

D Joseph Riley Incorrect answer because Joseph Riley worked closely with Dr Fitzgerald, and he further developed the original zone therapy.

E William Fitzgerald Correct answer because William Fitzgerald was accredited for developing the modern zone therapy of the human body and drawing it to the attention of the medical world.


The complementary therapist refers her client for an alternative massage therapy. The client wishes to have a treatment that releases tension, reduces pain and develops spirituality and vibrant health. The treatment involves pressing key healing points which helps the body stimulate its natural self-curative abilities.

Q9 (a) From the list of options, select the alternative massage therapy the client has been referred for:

UCT4M

LO2

UCT2M

LO1


A acupressure Correct answer because this is an ancient healing art using the fingers to gradually press key healing points, which stimulate the body's natural self-curative abilities.

B Bowen technique Incorrect answer because this is a hands-on therapy that is applied using very gentle pressure. There is no manipulation or adjustment of hard tissue.

C lomi lomi Incorrect answer because a lomi lomi therapist will use long flowing strokes across the whole body.

D reiki Incorrect answer because this is administered by laying on hands which is based on the idea that an unseen life force energy flows through us.

E shiatsu Incorrect answer because this uses manipulations to adjust body structure and balance its energy flow. It works on the whole person psychological, emotional and spiritually.


A E D B C


Marika attends the clinic for a full-body massage treatment and during the consultation it appears that she is suffering from insomnia and general fatigue. She has oily skin, with signs of acne vulgaris and also explains that she has been suffering with diarrhoea for the last few days.

Q10 (a) From the list of options, select the action the therapist should take:

UCT4M


A cancel the appointment as the client's skin type contra-

indicates the treatment Incorrect answer because acne vulgaris will not prevent the treatment, it would be restricted

B concentrate on stimulating movements to improve the

general fatigue Incorrect answer because the diarrhoea prevents the treatment from taking place

C perform the treatment as usual and ensure client comfort

when massaging the abdomen

Incorrect answer because the diarrhoea prevents the treatment from taking place

D perform the treatment using grapeseed oil to suit client's skin

type

Incorrect answer because although the oil would be suitable, the diarrhoea prevents the treatment from taking place

E rebook the appointment for when the diarrhoea has subsided

Correct answer because the client would not feel comfortable receiving the treatment, going ahead with the treatment could exacerbate the diarrhoea so it will prevent the treatment from taking place.



E A B D C



C A B E D

The consultation process is used to assess the clients’ needs, suitability for treatment, and record personal information for future reference. It is the salon’s legal responsibility to ensure that the clients’ details are stored and used in the correct manner.

Q11 (a) From the list of options, select the piece of legislation that must be adhered to when storing or using client information:

UCT1M

LO1

UCT2M

LO2, LO3


A Consumer Protection Act Incorrect answer because this act protects the consumer from unsafe services or products.

B Consumer Safety Act Incorrect answer because this act aims to reduce the risk to consumers of using potentially dangerous products.

C Data Protection Act Correct answer because this act states how personal information should be stored and used.

D Sale and Supply of Goods Act Incorrect answer because this act deals with the sale of goods and that they are of satisfactory quality and fit for purpose.

E Trade Descriptions Act Incorrect answer because as this act prohibits the use of false descriptions of goods and services provided by a business.


It is important that a complementary therapist has financial resources and is educated about the costs that go into running a successful business. There are many hidden costs, and underestimating them may be a key contributor to business failure.

Q12 (a) Compare the difference between fixed and variable costs.

UCT1M

LO3 Answer

Total

marks

1-2 marks awarded for comparing the difference between fixed and variable costs.

Areas the candidate may discuss:

Variable costs are those costs that vary as they are associated with the running of the business including marketing, stock, material costs, advertising. These normally increase as the output increases.

In comparison fixed costs tend to remain the same regardless of the output increasing or decreasing. Fixed outgoings including rent, rates and salaries that aren’t directly related to a particular treatment.

(Maximum 2 marks)

2 marks

Additional guidance

Do not award marks for


A business plan gives an outline of the business, the market in which it will operate and how it aims to be profitable. In order to assist in developing a business plan, a complementary therapist must have an understanding of different business types.

Q13 (a) Identify two different types of business.

UCT1M

LO2 Answer

Total

marks

1-2 marks awarded for identifying up to two types of business.


Partnership

Limited company

Franchise

Sole trader

Mobile/freelance

(Maximum 2 marks)

2 marks

Additional guidance




Q14 (a) Identify four different employment opportunities for complementary therapists.

UCT1M

LO1 Answer

Total

marks

1-4 marks awarded for identifying up to four different employment opportunities.


full time

part time

self-employed (rent a room, mobile therapist)

employed

(Maximum 4 marks)

4 marks

Additional guidance



‘Essential Beauty’ is an established business on the outskirts of London. Recently they have seen a growth in the client base and a rise in demand for complementary therapies. Following a management meeting it has been agreed that they need to employ more staff. The salon manager has been tasked with exploring the different employment opportunities that would meet the demands of the business.

Q15 (a) Summarise the role of a salon manager.

UCT1M

LO1 Answer

Total

marks

1-2 marks awarded for summarising the role of the salon manager.


A salon manager will be responsible for overseeing the general running the salon

and day-to-day operations. They will ensure that the staffing requirements are met

to cover the clients. Management of stock including rotation and ordering. The salon

manager may also be required to deal with client complaints.

(Maximum of 2 marks)

2 marks

Additional guidance



‘Essential Beauty’ is an established business on the outskirts of London. Recently they have seen a growth in the client base and a rise in demand for complementary therapies. Following a management meeting it has been agreed that they need to employ more staff. The salon manager has been tasked with exploring the different employment opportunities that would meet the demands of the business.

Q16 (a) Evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of working in a salon which is situated within a hotel.

UCT1M

LO1 Answer

Total

marks

1-4 marks awarded for evaluating the advantages and disadvantages of working in a salon that is situated within a hotel.


Advantages - There may be greater job security due to the hotel being an established business. There may be more progression routes or career pathways. There may be the option to travel or move to another location whilst still working for the same company. Clients may be more willing to treat themselves and buy professional products which will support the therapist in earning commission.

Disadvantages - It may be difficult to establish a client base due to the lack of regular clients visiting the salon as it may be mainly people on holiday Therapists may be asked to work more unsociable hours, for example weekends and evenings.

(Maximum 4 marks)

4 marks

Additional guidance

Maximum 2 marks awarded for advantages

Maximum 2 marks awarded for disadvantages




Q17 (a) Outline three considerations when preparing the treatment room for the client.

UTC4M

LO3 Answer

Total

marks

1-3 marks awarded for outlining up to three considerations when preparing the treatment room for the client.


ensure treatment room has relaxing ambience – soft lighting, relaxing music etc.

prepare props for under the clients knees to support the client's lower back

lower the couch to ensure client can position themselves easily

ensure the treatment is a suitable temperature for the client to aid relaxation

(Maximum 3 marks)

3 marks

Additional guidance




Q18 (a) Identify and describe three suitable treatment modifications for the client:

UTC4M

LO3, LO4, LO6 Answer

Total

marks

1-3 marks awarded for identifying up to three suitable treatment modifications.


spend more time on the lower back

avoid too stimulating massage techniques, such as tapotement,

increase using kneading and petrissage movements

lymphatic drainage techniques on lower legs

massage medium to suit a mature skin condition

massage medium to enhance relaxation and stress relief

(Maximum 3 marks)

6 marks

1-3 further marks awarded for describing up to three suitable treatment modifications:


spend more time on the lower back – including stretching and loosening up the muscles in the lower back

avoid too stimulating massage techniques, such as tapotement, which would not conducive to relaxation or stress relief and due to clients hypertension


pay more attention to her lower back, using kneading and petrissage movements to reduce pain and discomfort. Checking client comfort.

lymphatic drainage techniques to help with non-medical oedema

choice of massage medium to suit a mature skin condition and combat dryness, and prevent dragging

massage medium to enhance relaxation and stress relief – pre blended oils can encourage relaxation in the client, once oils are absorbed the client will continue to feel the benefits

(Maximum 3 marks)

Additional guidance

Learner response should focus on the actual treatment technique they would use


Aftercare/homecare advice

Documents

External Assessment Material Past Paper...The therapist removes the infrared lamp immediately and, during closer inspection, she notices that red weals have appeared on the client’s