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EXTENSIVE LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION SYSTEMS:Animal Health: Inputs Supply Models that Work.
Conference Organized by the Extensive Livestock Expo Secretariat
Held at College of Agriculture & Veterinary Sciences (CAVS) Upper Kabete, University of Nairobi
Presentation by
Caleb Wangia, Ph.D.
Agricultural Economist
Agricultural Market Development Trust (AGMARK)
November 4-6, 2015
My Identity & AGMARK
• Foundation degree in Agriculture
• Specialization in Agricultural Economics
• Over 15 years experience in private sector in delivery of agri-inputs.
• Hands-on agrodealer practitioner.
• Currently Chairman of AGMARK (Agric Market Devpt Trust)
• AGMARK is registered in Kenya since 2004.
• Specialization in agricultural inputs & output Marketing
• .Operates in Eastern, Southern & West Africa countries.
• Initially used agrodealer model for agricultural Development
• Now AGMARK uses the Hub & Spoke Agrodealer Model
Status of Livestock Health Production in Africa
•High losses due to preventable livestock diseases &malnutrition. & drought estimated @ 25% of theproductive value.
Commercial Sector is:
•Well developed veterinary public systems
• Supported by developed private sector (individuals, companies & NGOs).
•Good infrastructure for distribution of veterinary inputs & services
Nomadic or pastoral & communal livestock sector:
•No or inadequate distribution & supply of veterinary products and services
Trends & Players in Livestock Healthcare Services: Models
• Traditionally livestock production health care is individual farmers.
• Public extension service workers that dominates
• Private sector driven model that provide inputs & services
• Business Development Services Model
• Value chain model that is driven by market.
• Hub & Spoke Agrodealer Model
• Agri-entrepreneurship model depicts one of the models that works.
• All of these are found in Africa.
• Future development models – Value Chain & Agrodealer Models
AGRODEALER HUB & SPOKE MODEL
Agri-Entrepreneurship Model
• This model has been used successfully by AGMARK & partners.
Components include: integrated attention to:
• Livestock producers /output produce
• Inputs suppliers & delivery systems –public private partnerships (PPP)
• Entrepreneurs &markets (rural, urban & international)
• Regulatory agencies. Especially Governments
• Value chain drivers- financial institutions
• Note that different versions of the same are been used.
Livestock Producers
• These are primary to the success of the model.
• Need for technical & business skills
• Training producers using modules and trainers.
• Experiential learning through fairs, demos, field days.
• linked to industry drivers – linkage & visitation sessions.
• Access to public & private extension services
• Access to rural entrepreneurs for inputs & output markets
• PPP, AGMARK & many other agencies collaborating in that regard
Rural Agri-Entrepreneurs
Mainly:
• Agrodealers/Pharmacies supply inputs
• CAHW & vets service providers
• Livestock traders that facilitate trade in live animals
• Dairies, Butcheries & hides & skins
• Transporters.
Need to strengthen capacity and linkages agri-entrepreneurers. Thus:
• PPP undertakes these roles
• Successful implementation in North Eastern, Taita Taveta.
Examples of Development Projects:KDLDP & K-Sales
• Objective: Increase productivity & trade of livestock value chain
• Activity: Build capacity of various business service providers
• Agrodealers, animal health SPs, animal & hides /skins traders.
• Market linkages: Conduct linkage sessions of service providers
• Agribusiness Development –hides & skins, dairies abattoirs
• Output:
Technical modules & training- Animal health pdts, hides& skins, fodder pdn
Business modules & training -Financial, marketing & leadership
Learning tour for business Service providers. (BSPs)
BSPs Stakeholder forum –linkages/networking
Business Clinics –Share experience among the BDSs.
Outcomes of KDLDP & KSales
• Skilled & confident animal health service providers.
• Better access to veterinary products (agrodealers) & services
• Increased use of vet products & services.
• Increased agribusiness in livestock trade & products.
• Anticipated increased livestock productivity.
Lessons Learned & Challenges
Lessons Learned
• There is high demand for training in technical & business skills
• Program creates visibility & confidence in the delivery of inputs & services.
• Government & private sector are vital collaborators for success
• Farmers are quite receptive to the interventions.
Challenges:
• Vast areas with poor infrastructure to access inputs & markets.
• High cost of implementation per beneficiary –
• Limited cost sharing from beneficiaries –low resource base.
• Livestock markets infiltrated by many middlemen.
Basis for Cost Benefits Analysis :Agrodealers Development Model
Costs
• Equipment & staff costs
• Support services- training, tours, demos, field days, trade fairs
• Subsidies
• Grants
• Loss in livestock due to lack of inputs & services.
Note that discounting is important for better comparison.
Benefits
• Increase sales inputs & services
• Increase in output sales
• Increase in quality inputs & services.
• Savings due to improvement in livestock management.
• Note that some benefits are so intrinsic and are long term than costs.
Livestock Systems & Input & Service Delivery: Challenges
• Vast & extensive areas make input & service delivery unattractive.
• Limited inputs & services markets unattractive to providers
• Tendency for subsistence LS do not endear to livestock inputs & services.
• Nomadic nature make difficult for inputs & service delivery
• Risk of drought &epidemics discourage investment in inputs & services.
• Belief that livestock can survive without proper inputs & services
• Unpredictable & challenging livestock markets discourage use of I&S
Livestock Systems & Input & Service Delivery: Mitigations
• Extensive livestock systems work in developed countries USA, Latin America, Australia. It can be done in Kenya.
• Essential for continued input & service delivery by Government & NGOs (public good).
• Motivate & support private sector to enhance linkage & service.
• Mind-set change for livestock farmers through education tours experiential learning.
• Strengthen efficiency & transparency in the market systems.
• Develop ICT platforms for use by stakeholders to improve communication.
• Continued promotion extensive livestock farming as a business.
Constraints to Implementation of Model
• Fake/poor quality/ adulterated inputs
• Expired products
• Unauthorized agrodealers
• Unlicensed practitioners
• Limited or no access input &output markets I remote Areas (fewer agrodealer & vet services)
• Price fluctuations for livestock
• Poor quality feeds & limited quality assurance.
• Modest or limited extension services & service providers.
• Limited integrated implementation of models.
Overall Way Forward
• Developing the capacity of agri-entrepreneurs- through trainings/mentorship/exposure learning & tours
• Design & implement integrated programs based on model.
• Encourage startups of rural agrovets & service providers in rural areas.
• Capacity building of community animal health workers.
• Quality assurance through test-sampling of inputs & services and policing.
• Establish linkages and networks within the value chain.
THANK YOU FOR LISTENING