Expressing identity

Creativity in Yolngu art

;UI (rn;."llJ• Sf ~ .. ICr.1#•1<0 \.,U'.(U J'l'Vtlr l!UID tll>ll'TTl AJdu Ol 'J•i.llJ ti.>·.c -dill\ U) I •»P bl

ft"w.11,. '-' 111..S o<llllS"' U•• '*"rid Yul•'!!" .n "a •o> at"'"'"~ ll•• .,.-:in,1 folJtill .n. ~·rn;sc::o lf liUU'I iii ~-t:1r.: tc!:tWClr~ Ci'C!t1. the ..... ta~~t)Ood •'*'-ft.. U.:: "' VCl'Tt--lll uf \he r1"llll&,•~"' oatllUn ol u .. tok;os IU'K•r? 1t..,i-;:111 H== '"lI'llP ;irt&'l'Oldd J,;;tun:ll ul '"" Ull-U<:Ali'! If can 1• a. Uir ~·>l~f,lt> twtwrtJ< Ui.i11,: - ~........,,. l'C"'Jle t.li>c.o al'l ..,~,;aulll i..u.,;i U c>11 ~· u:.•t.1Ll>•l.mu:-rq;l1i.,i.om11e<1.-i.....ll,l,Wccmr....- I'""~''' and '~t), tu 1m1 u1 unw~ f'ta11 ul'Ll &tN•ti.il.1"41 su U.e r".e.al L6 ~ • J•rr.&C&J" f.f.6111 VI.

uansport 1h• soul< or 1.hc dead

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1X\:5

it .. WI '·"'"' r m111u• , .. , U• .nrval "' f:wt>pc¥l1> .&nd l.t1t .,.l•t..."ll1"""1l ul 1.h• 11u...iun >IJlllttll oJ Yur,.alu u1 J~~ \,ht.k ¥~ tll .• mJ iid11U1r1 a:wb.,f'\tt !ot Vt!tn,&lu w11 ... rw\11t-r i&l't!llU 1Jt y.·hlcf1

the •rlmls could net

h4:11111r 1r111&a IJt•il'fll l,D <rl&J:.•• .... u, Uu oui..rt\ wll<ld ..Jm;io. llon• t.L 1A:911w••IL vi 1ha ,.,. .. ..in W\.wur t .,,,,,1;.i,it, II• l•IWtlllf • niJ..tun•l'Y· 1!11L'(Hln>O<'ll Ut< prad;l• uoa of I ort r•rt1lu1,,."" a.uM1lrmf'."111 11U."'..51Uft b" ,,...,.,. AJttS to tw1J ·1~' ;uth c t.1•.a::a) &a.HIJ t.-u.p.o;.r If, .. s:w.r4 uJ ·'CUuu

LI• .111 t.111..,,111llll•I M""''"'" Ute i\ultflllmU M11oeurn u1S,dno:Y11t<ll II•< ""'""''"' ~11_.J,.1 ul V1d11I' I _., '-tdlmllfhr ft 1wt·v-1r ~l .. 1\!L 1*1..UllJ lht- \'utnl,I ilfWU ~ U1L r~ult:J Ut l'fl&K~ tt·._JI &11.flht.Uri.&

u1comc. I.hey were engaged m processes of persaaslo11.

I ltb"ll/ql. y.&J I~"""'' t:u.i.Jl> ..ild ~1llu;,U'J .,.; •=WI 11• JeJ111K..,_ 1hr.ir wus1h WU"'

<vlli',«~14111 ll<4'°'U' ¥.lJg:1 nwar :U• m•omOI ~~ W\th lloi? nll!l!.llltAri.,.AUU

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1t.. k,;.o.. "' 1 I po1Jllr.u1111,.ut~uo111 u1 ord"' w uwv•ve; und n t:..rt11""'1>-11U..:rall1u ,, l.ic(Ulfl to d"•cli.·J • llcorl"'f w1Dc1ol< '""' tJ.t!ll>ll'"'""'11 ..-..!li 111e nuirk• (l.11W1..,.,.t w•I &:v;iJ1'1'• i;o:T....,.,.t !>,,....,.,.. l.11 I~~ Y1•Jr111u .ullw. J>n..Ju1 i.•I tln: d P4f'"- , ,1 "°"'~ rlllWll• ~.I' U> bt 11lu• td i:Uti1•r .su;t., DI !he' f~Pfl""'JJWl!I tln: llllklr. w.J ~pa1tiul l•)"nlititot t.il lt1Q d.>11~ wt.er• u1•-r 1eo1."11L thor U1r .. 1u&J 11'"' 111• 1.•M w:u u1re.tt. .... b:111.1tH" lhrjl '"''" ,...., .... hLWt1' "" ..... ).. W~•ll will· .1<eprr.!Zfllil'J•"' NJl1 In Lll.t!:I, \11 Rl>)11,ttlo· LU .., ... ,,.,du• •

I.tat. 11'111)' w...W• rd U"1 wll"""'- l~'UOll rA bor\.1•.UW

to coasLal waters 1

1'tu. kins penv.I ~1 1 onll•ll'""'r4 """ u1. uu.J•d• wur.lil I• <1 IJ.fl!. &l~J 11$ tc0.J\ U•I! Ill lJl<.r ~n&llll!> Dn<i ... \JIJIUtt~.> '

w1>1l.> •n: 11:<:<1!1•tl9:ILI)' Vlb!llU, ;r.i«iC'l•o 1.untlt~ 11rodc from lllr'* IAlldOlt!'d 1.11 ltl• 1930., \U•d ... ~ I• lltt1 cullUf

Yananymul Munllllgurr's po.inting D;ang'kawu a< Bo.lam

1 ()l!lfnli>l!li • ~J1J rlwi •1611&~. •utill~r 1:a•ntlni;i; ..,..,,~ lllT

dcotllt'> lilt., lht> be .-l wr W!fy ht•n ul u~1.,...~uu11 111 i'olJ lU \11• poJ;I \yjiJlil> I foe p><lllllljl l.lkl! l• P 1't>•ie1f\1J W:•Ul•

fulle.~l sense U\ relation LO the system Of ClaJl des1gns-111U1Jc<11Qr •In"'- ~""'it~"' • pllll>W>!>pin 11 Ir ..-!U. 111 111...s• rr»klfll! Cl•" 11> .. 1itfTJ<~·~ 111ut ol an und~tl}'llig 1n:lrt'li!Jol -~ 111111 tQl ch• Jlll"'"' w !l"Aluo.• ,.., U\111111

•"~ 1.lu:,lll!omcv>t (1811.t'nMI •~ fu1uuuL<1r.al E:u.11 dm k• II' 11• ~.II ~M1hK1, Lhe .,. •118"'' t:•• I\ f"'lll!IT1 I•

<A, on• ,,. r:••"-' 111 u.., .. ~ """'llR coc11...r1.t10 tu tllli \11\"'5ftr.D; ''' Uic W.oll.l!)UI Ul i. p11cua.i.lt1t i1lw::c tJr tt ''outi.C a114:<;:J1.nll b;m1e;1 u-a.•13iu.d sr~UI <JJdil.n<I!>, •lnlilY •II m ~' ..cu,_,, l.eillie\ .it; ru:.-sU>e rounuy,,.. lh.,..i111• um" 1ti.

The >-quare p;ou.ern or lhe Ojapu clan ts essoc•nted with .sc.c1J11• 'rau.: ..i,.-~1Lb u. awu-A33.f.l:t'I .. t.tt UilJ<lf'l·n1 Antf>'SD ~..cl •eu Al l:l;ol;u1" 111.,- .. 1~ tulllll.'t'I• I W u,t IJ)..nfl"'-' .u11..- frull Our.dim. ib1.u1·• tW.u•d f.o6'<>1T.i 1J ... ~pta-1

,\t Wurn!l>Wlll'. uu.y :.r~ ho:ll<•J to Uo. Jti>=<lral <narl< wl l.vJV lntJ '~~l,Ult9 IA th<• t.nW,;;1r.e Flum TnaJ li~y It• I 'fln;i1tfomim Tiii• fSIJIWIJ' rt'"rts1l vi It•• ~utltrn :a W

<JI t.~1ful!r.t W1':t c:r~lt •n Use bky O&Jtil.J~ru-1g il.!111' 11-l iJ

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Uu Jl«!"J11f"JlUlH....U1"'"\lUll\M•uni'<111=1<dJ!P'llll'!" <Ot..l\:Ml>UU<l Uf d"'3. 1.1\;l r.:111 t€ ()Cjlllll:Lted the al;;Obl

of cians a11d peo1>le, and so on. The individual designs

11 :u·•UldJI bt . I al Uk! J11llll.f1 hi lt11t111r1JUl1j/;11.r.elf lol:lJll.I p&Jnun;;o w1QDn:i• 1m "C•r,.ite11Ur 1i1NWI ~-...lolt1 wru!J! - Uk Ill C>'1'!lll ~ palmUI~ •l:l'tfl~ I.ti utld 1:1Jk.ur ~ htullWlll. VI' 1>,vuv ut 1ulllJllil'L 'Thl·v bt:Jlln w1~1 tlf(ltlllll J>ilkftt IS 11>o1~rd uuL Tll< .urfl><v 1' Ll..,1 ~-follrn•I w\!h a lv<\11bruiJ11.li 1111%111~11...W Th< U\111 mW (1"'11.!o l

which the cleinentS are bOth clear and 11tbrant. This 1s r,,,..., ..... ll o.opUllt• lb::Ir • ...,nu!tl •:ocr..:c. lli ((11Ulo;f8

:i:.i.,._.t<><J >111tr tne iA•-d ,...,. heUJc r~y• .tu,.. the sparkle or frestiwater '" Ll>e hmunance of euca!yp1

,._a. . .... ._ ,. ......... ~, ..... ~

t,.,..,,,tNi .Mw1IJ41Jtrr ~. Q,e....,.. ..

~Jb1iN or Bcto:no l~et..lll} llrl6

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' , , " '1 '• •I ,, , ,

through them with wider Austruban society, uslns It as a means o! expressJ1g core cultu.-al valu~ and dcmonslnlJl\ll thtu rdatJonships lO land and sea The process was a c1m111latlvo one. Over t1111e, Yotngu ieamt more a~l th~ nature or &11tol"'an SOCtel)' and were fon:cd to engage wilh ILS leg.ii and poliucal instltuuoM In order LO swvive; and trussionanes, anthrOJ>Ologms and some £urnpei11'-"~ bci.al\ LO develop• deeper l:llderstaudll\8 and appre<:lJLion or Yolngu culture 'I'"" "'~.it..i•<n .. ,u, tllr mD1k.-t t.1K1lu1u•<:I ... rnl di:•th'l'w. tru. .., u,.1 UJd U> "'' ut .n t.ir liJ penuas1vc powen In !962 Yoll1gu artc>IS produced the church panel$ - twu IM:-rncir<-luah J>llnds. or •Al'red f)4lf>UAA& LO be placed eithor >1de of !.he altar m the newly built M•lhodlsL Chweh, represen1!11g the lands and spmul311dentities or Ille clans who congregated at Yllrl<a .. IJ1 ISG:l. when they learnt that their riold over !.ho lan<I was lhn:at<.'fled by tht discovery of l:irge reserves of b.lu.'Ote lhcy 5'>111 t"'o petitions ..c1 l:asl.., t1•>11kn:.l will> pWv.ecl d,.,,i&.~ 10 Ille l lOUl.'e nf

Represcnuitives.• And in 1998,"' •·•I'"""' iu "' r:wch"~" .,,... ._ ..i-,.., r<...ul Bl Mold Bay they produced the 1"114••"'" OCJ!lt:~UI!<! ar butk J ..,.11W11!11 I\ r.n=illl11& lt1t dlu" l'11Al1nc1.tui" to coastal waw~

1lua l<A•S r~ IA'~'""• W.U II"' auLlial" •·•rill lut I '"':olll nl:ll1) l~t• l<> u""" "''411 \II 111.-, EL:u) I• r~ttl.t'\J u1 t.heu ~ .. llUD'\~ oA.rui ai;;Jtptur \rot the (\1Ht1n.wui • 111p ~found u"

w 1•1 = ~n.&bly Y<>ln&lt :u;J '°"'" (.lllollWlp pntdlil.'\.~I 1.;1a.y Ill\• vutuull)' Ulrlllittit&w .. ll>blo

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~ul M"1ollll~ ,...rm.,. D1U•liJ ol<1wU • 11.w:' .a 191.t\ IS cw r .di o&.iW-;ih The IMIJdUO•

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d. 'SJ"' la• u,.. ~· .. t U •NJ t....n ul • .....,. , '" 111 ~·.-~u .&rt )~>l •· lh., •'~~•Ill'< of c .. r......u.1 U. !11< s;u;;l \VIU..• lh., pa1t1UJ1811.,clf I• M ~~.d -•l.etn: ~. ~ Ui1'@I ~ 1-=tll 11' II•

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Iii" pu1UdNl'/.!I lb.Uv•r Uwt • .imple ~·g1r,1 !\Cllll•1flc p.otltm ~ liJ"f"' ,w, t.o..gn o .. "'"..,""'""'- • .. 1 Idea U1.t Oll , "r.111 •tcd &11~ <i:asuo,.l Q'C>1:. Uu iuanu 1JI bgtu. UJ~ ff't'uty 1f dur lolld pcoo., . .W :ii.Ad 90 Uf\ 'n~ iJHlJwlntW ~i£hll ha.\~ Ii Hwnd ttdUI.J U.rm

Tiu ~i..c 1~ oi u .. '''""" ra 111•LoQf\llnt •111.,·u au1 • .. unupLl'1•n1 "'"" ""~ Aill1a.iidi '\Jr u l!ldJ1tu-.;s o.01111nu• &1\ •l'l'"""llly lll•nt•<l raJl:ll crf UA'Jllal • 1Jdur - h,1 vcllu"'• bfurk ~•J

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l•f"JI oUWU Mw111wlli~ IJ~lnLUW..ft..,.,ul'tJ ~ t!L<!llQJl!U'"""' r~plgJu UH f'W:Jll!JIJ ur Lllh •y.Wll '" la11>"'~ Ifie u.nu .,;pr: mil~· mpjtilllt> Tiio: <1onnnw1L p11U•n11>l 111.c.1w1111.,g • 11 di .. 1 uie \\tJ llJ• 01ol<'I.>'. '!'lie •le:.~ 1tnrw• m1 an l'Llr~:Ult $Y-'• ruMillflol ch!lnt•ll• i.I M : <11lLI fhMiclwatln '"11.l. ll U• •11fi"11'J•l ""bulk 11ti_\,.~M flGl\O), llnru (ctuo:i:idlleJ Ill" I iluJTill'lJ• lllf

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ti:>·1 8ur"'1\:l U liw1u.:.ci11~u """"" .. ·nl• •Im ·~u,, .. 11 '" 11;plcs Ul• fl1.>.>.tJ1lu1ns flullt.ul!I ••uall f!IUDlJp..j&, Lit UIU " m.11J1.J•• Tht oNk• w.11,. lhll rr~h wbld: It •WMth ·1.11 ttll!l 1\1di:dltiB ~ i.i.11&1u1~ ~rod ill '>lie<! lht "'"' or 1howder Ir • p!accs and tbnes.

llj~.1'$ pw11.JJ11j,.Buntll'~•I i..~WJL Ute "''111t11J; l<l£eth Dlwt:IY cLnl< ';'ht: I.&&& Ul =- u • ., ··•ulu, 111 tl.c pis111un!J "' L

'l'l>o l.Luuur pcl1Ld111&•""1l' II, b4>h:ri)tll18 to Lil(: 1WILwu!.c> Pt'.41!; WI 111't.d.11ll hill lniL! 'lb~ llJUJ 111nd f"'WlT" ITI u .. Mt·b.n

.. 1 uui ll•v~w1'l1 f!.....,,. IJ 111~ """' '" u... ca11n1iy .€!11i1 rr L1ll ""'1J ... ,..Ju11l~tl!•CLllJ(1 UJ<.a11!Wl11.~ t.n" ~\\11.ilm ln u,. tlau .. 111t ... _,,,...,,.11t &i1.u1.1Wlll5 nm1a111u 16 •!1cu11:u1nd • .,

I• o .. )>(*11Lct 1J~1n lurtlotr "'"'-"d lKU1·vcd '" '"'"e su11100 I ftvTLIJnll w11)1 U.. tllt1a1 c .,.:Ill!" ilJI J.l••t nah U~\JU;;JI U1n

u{ lloulnll.,Jl ;ij he: lr••lllll ben••>t!ll lhr inlb1"' •nd ltlt .._ 11 w1'1•rll •LllU• tiv•rmuull n:tt: •.llJ-rscum• wgdl1tt. the swirling $:1ll'A'aLers of Munsurru ~

nllt p0U•l1118 dlutt.l'uM$ th< Wkly• In "loll h ii"' JI.• >llicJ.MI' l

ui.t'MlllntJ ul JW ..um Ii) 1f,1c dl.u Uf\':ttl;lli- drt mull.H 1C~e1 uu~ tutb1~t\l llt'-Ml.....w:n, J•ll l:!:i!•I 11~. U1!; ilhlt'U Ul l .. I.

1b •ul""'11 <"11 t... l'l>J.t•<:>J 01 bumt ..,...,,, &1nuk~ ..,..1 l'(W'k

ctisrJncuve variants of the design beloagucg w dlfferem so vw1 1d tl1t .j,cn'• JJL'Cl\llY ,,,..,, a uw1 Urr t..;1wv1•n •"1

Uul U1 L•Jumh•W•• lllllMLhlll '11\. ""'' ""' ou, g . .iitllfU'IC lwl il.Jit"1 Ult u1v'f"" fu1r•' Qf 1..he ll'-"•lhralcl• tCIOW'la ~>,!!ell w'1lcl.l Ll1""'""" lJUi &;nWUl•l 11->v.1111!11"'11'-il!.idL 11\c 2ll .. t..!1"'1Jl'IS •I.,_<' sa:zilltll (><IW<r ll'ulll UJ.J: lld~Wldtt>. hio r pulldn " ' UU! ll<J\11l.111R ui..J <"Y&IJ•<& !Joe ciplo&i\.'C lunv 11 .~ cr-ocwl unporblll'L II• P1utt1b•'.llll. :U• ll1r n:Ju1101"llliJl!I trellh- 1.1¥,Jurr;na, I.ti• wit water ~1~1'.M Miii Uh: :ul

'Wo .).."'~·· 11?'11' 1J'1';.~l1tr fut tutul t•f\'IMfllO - wrl J

~:LtlL~c1ur•ii1wig, Ill? ts b1a\'C~ &ullJ• Bw1u11;. 1N.l I ceremonial performunce, just as their spiritual Identity is

\ •l•.......,.lll.I' Wu11w~llUI ro's !l<lll•,,•• llJI! coJlln, L\ll<l/lo•ll'"l °""."' 111 ~1.w luu. lo:"IJ.,.,. ~r .... uv ui. l>lwtw•ncu l•

U'k a:1h&rld u.R-\1.in.'.:.• ut """ 1o\ll~1e U11&: \UU. ot w J'AOll.tt

Tll<' r.w&llillM '"'"'""'"~ 1U111c ul lbe "11ttlCI ,..wtflj1.ml ~ lDrtl.!11':" 11ltc1 '-'•llll1><'"1H.>."" ""11 ~; I.hi: d4n rl""1l:l r•111 al~ 1mnl'm uull1J'\111ti..Xll< "' U>t ~·~ ul ~muh ol\dl '~"I> l>etiln<i 1.h•l•11ll lte wutrr; u1wllh Ill• tlrt?'•I lo 'erc:rrw1w.I wtn'*'1~ u..t !S•Jl!Jt:a U'• ~ret ~ thtt 1

............

erosshatclimg has an cxtraordm;<ry capacity to create sub\le gradauon• or colour, :u tn the white· on-wlu!AI are.s or p&llllU\gS oy arwis Sllch as Ga:wna Mayinuru in •work like Wa110WU 2002 •

DJWTibawa MamwtlJ's painting fJIJ.rrut'tji 200'l demonstrat11s lhe way in wluch a Yolngu art!Sl cxplolLS Ille po\.CntW or this sySl~ of knowledge and expression to crcale unages or gl"Cl>L power o..'ld cotnplexity The dorrun.nt pau.em of lht pn111Ung IS a diamond des.an :issociatcd wilh clans or lhe Y1mt1a moiety. The deSJgn draws on an intrlcat.c sys1.e1n of ancestral forces tenlfll'l8 on the seasonal elements of Rrc and noodwalers, whlch m different pl•ces COllJLCCL with wana•rr such as birrkuda (wtld honey), baru (uocodile) and burrut'LJI (llghuung snake)

The pa1nli.~g is «ntred on the nv~r mouth at Baral1.13 in Jalma &y, at the height or the wet season The region l• domh1nted by a sea:sunaJ cycle m wluch freshwater and Ra!Lwot.cr flow u.cross lhe <.....itlte JNXl."1J <011t:U"'1 i.n dlrl•'r•nl I"'-; .. I LJtl(<'<'f'nl l:.t!•d .. 1 \Ill Y•••r In ID. .Ji) •' •"•"" I.ho a..u. t..si.e ut Ille w., r 1n<n'CIS 1., ~ ..s U•< a""k bl<>.. 1ry ouL b1 th• "~ .,.....,..., lh• croe Ml revers«!. The tnl•nd becomes unmdated. and IM coastal pblns Dood The nven l>Ko1ne rag;ng

Wrill:ILU Wtslll\ll lhtooulh n•l'l "''"'I.ho Uld k'J·<:I~ ~ ... , pllllltl:~ vf rn llWU!zr "" l\JI II·~~ !hr Iv> llll:mll 1JI Uu Ui!lll11W$ •mLe ""''"'' wnl LLm lJ ·!<! '•I Un·"""""" tll Ill<' 1lf:v IUS()ll ll ., Jt• u:a.. 0 odµ.Lau.- ll'Ul1UllJ snudl I' ••• , r..a U'! Uu· ""'I k4dii0.n ll • .u.ud.lit.u 1J wu.h tJc: md

tn.Wl1- n irt•il ... ~ C.11 ft•~t' \ln1ft lt. •'•1- 1,1.jl .hU-h .a:MJ.b])tl.¥' 11"""1 ttc "'°'·"" h1'\g.1Jit' ll.c: flickering of ~ghlnmg and its voice the roar or thunder. IL Is talking to GnCestral snakes from other 1>lac .. and umcs

11).lt.ll:IWa\ , ....... &li''"""\r> It...,, .... U...a>tll!lljl t<~U "'rim °'"'"""1'-fS oi Ullt• y~ n ·l• IJ l•r>< n... ...., -=··ti ~ " 11'"11ao=a .. lf,e ~""' DI U1t ''""" rJ( Jlllm.> ~ nw bn"4I V..llrlll l/1$1>1'> 1L, t....lo!LjJJf1£"" tho! Qfl";alkf ~"11!-in1L<L pw(M, 1yrnbohi.a U1t ll.ilk.:a "' w11uol't'v:;.I t!M or+ T( 1Jla,..uvl (:(11.U. 11111 IJ,~ ld!·h•• J llltl'lnUlt l'tJ-."eA!!W. tJ.i f\uuded wa1r11 u1 UL< 11"1)lJ"f\JI in ·r 1a Lh. """''• n -"" cnl4llr, U..- bubw.i.c. II. .J~ITI'* clot· Tiii' Wt U.11

~~I oJU11$ "'11<.lt ~ I •tX9'11 llsUt,fi.Atl u.· •..ilom Ir II· •"""' u u.. nshl ... ,,,,, IJ!u;wa:'llU clan waters - chains of dlnmondS cont.alnlng elon!JllLed ovals. The swolien figure d1111dlug them IS floodwater rrom t\Jr~'1er mland bebeved h> have surged through an undergrowid tuMel before U .,... ":In U.,. ..uif-r I0"11""J u Uicy 1....i 1"1aul,Jt U" tl>t f1"1l.il1 TI>c tUli d I UIC bartw. o.: bW'nl11Jt •• n. r.,,..J:; lc1.• 1 UM. tnb.nd &:.Ou--~ ~ 1l\li- .to..)..c\ 1..-ait b seen 01urrj,Jf8 v tt "141_."S a LI ""'" tr1111;th The Wlllcl"t tun~ lJr..!,dJ1t:.t "'rut~ cul lnt• \AA U,y-, f»uah111« &N.11,. the SWlrll11g sal!WOICl'S or MW\8Urru'

TJ,.. ,_...un; ~Uk• .. ,,.;:. wf-..'I "•"'~IC ''"'"P\l\rlU t.J \1.W-~w an. ~u u :w

''"l"'hau ul mt .. 1\1118 The <San Ooop ~n: 111ulll·tr<rrtt1l111l Tle 1IW1rmr"1 Jatp con •'41><1 t.a u .. IUlhttl•llL tloWwuu•n, "''~""ltal ru • • ti nU11i<• Cit. tlUC<1d~· WO, Ill~ {~Ii• ai. bccl11w, u.a ~®.iu:.a~t t•1 flantS 1.::t t~n1t -~ 1111(.•~t ...... ~.s:tn. llUJt.t:J'~ 1~~.u.u-,. Wlfh•r,w.d the dc.unwYe v-4nanto or lhe design belongu1& to dllfere1n SOCl3l groups mark !heir country and are pull 1rf \.tit ~ Mt..!1"'1:.) ·r"'l, r ~a ll:lln L.1 i• '""n:o ~f ~ 1Jliu~n ~.:u! u~t•\fl tll ''a:n.:\I &n..

llflCl '" Oµi111111wn , .. 111LIJl6 WU •lUl • "Iha ~~omellt n.011111 •Utnr 'CJ w .. U•• flD<llluljl vi II•('-"' •!"111)'

OltL<u I ll .. 1111 ... 'l>C lu"'i< ul 1111' l\..,udll..th 11 11'11Jr\Jl~ti • 1 lll UI' n\"" ""'""' ~ lheoe m:JCM v.~a lt.ZU:stu ,11Jt Lcu.D :.hr b-.,~ p1q..~ ~Jt Ult $.t.."'·.r.;u.r Hut"°" ~ ~ W1 llw"""'r'tJ• .Ui.C'

llV~l .. , ........ i:.olllltll J"'>W!T ln>Jr U··: °'' •IW.,,.,,., ha r ... ·~~1'"'81"'1,CUC' JO'•-·& •iill llu.JauuAl<'I p>.lkJI• ur u ... '""' ""lll•lld •'1<1111113 U.. <lfJ,.Wol•\ '""'' ul b~tLllWll!. A.fill beh:nLI Uo• lm•e.•-.y, .md .ii \T""w m1J,<>TW1 "Ill [)....,....w .. Ar<> IJ'll l\".laU!ln!l~t'I ll•tWeto'I I.Ill! lfl)l.lf4 ULCIDR:IV<:> -1.htd freshwate' ~arri>a. lhe sallW'At.er Madanpa and lite salLwat.er and freshwater Dnalwangu.

'Wr ...,..~" ~uu. t~ ·~fur tMJ~d """"''"'""" -ww in u...,., c~I.,.,,..._ w i:... !w•'"'" ..,. Uiun. oM '"'"I IJtt•or•vrd Bor.Ji.a. ikJIT"ll\t ar.J Utt l1wtr&':.!<:1'$1t1:ct~d~ cercrno1daJ p;:rrormance, iusL as Lhell' spm1ual ldenuty 1s mnnifesl m Lhu palnUng

'r.;u........,,1rr:..·ty \lli.a,.ui..:r 1Uzt••'' uu• k\.. u..t&r lV~q16 .:irr-"'\J .:uLl ~ "'wut bLun.J'f,,"\:WU~ loLt.oLICS•lJt. J :aUyunllhal• .!t&UCUUrH.ry l\tt:flh .. 111.SG.l.J_ltOV -

tlr1 i:dund Sln:1'J1ca 14 mw •·hc1<1 Uw U.ijl• rot s1111w.,1or IUMt 1.-. xi 11,..1.•1t111l 1ofU1r dfl k:!Aotl

Tl• l-"11lUAA lll""11~le>. ""'"' r~ ""'•i>c<lu • _,,....u..d >111.h Ui. lok• hl<l~ ""''-'-«l tltoi~"o1J.&..­&0nt4Xa wd 4\J 11 "1r.usu.. 41 ~di w-... <-W"t 1 '.~~ thfl lk,..~"" n-.-i:r Wiilet n ... ~Cl !'<'.!l:m a•lil.i•t.!<Vnot a' Lt.·~ UC eutna1.J• ote """""""''"'""Ill•• •ht lu'ktl­~11~1 1lr1.ij t....Jw11l 1hmn In Lt..- wour, \h1"Jl('111t d ilt':'J)Ef l"l'l they um W Vlflll!! 1m..UU1U ~ i.i ..,..i.r """~ ~m:baudswt.) ~..it111<·cl 1111: ~111 w the .u1ttr.ll•I UJ/'lri'Oluu n ... 1111-111· .o.t W..

I )

/

O .. t'i'iu " IU•" ..,.., ;J.Jun•JH\41l ,_ ........ ..., ., ........... ...... ti .... i..

bvttom or U"' ho:Jow lug IS &raina, an ancestnsl btl/lll who uuua1.<:d rn~th Yolngu <i?r•morual t~w. and tmpUul ht!r~ JS th~ L:OTU1ccllon Le.> the Ma<_!arr~ coumry of 8ar11lt.Jil. where lhe wet Sta.Son noodwalt.srs now downslream

Expn·s:.1un Ut Vo.ingu J>WUlU\8 lS rnouvaU:d by mt::aJ"Uf\8 - oy a concepuon of place comlu.f\U\&

the >1Jll1tual "'l!' the envtru:uo.ent.a.I and the soc .. J To Yolr.gu. t!1e pal:1ungs are !ughly producuv-. 11." ••lb<. mearung 1> cmcrc•nl - tl •omea out of Ult l*ll\ung ..s the nwod l\8hlS un •Land u1c eye P<'rtt:Vt> tl TIUS 1$ rcfl,-cl<'<l Ill :tie romplex 1mcrplay brl\\.ttn gecmelMC Md f18UtaUve rorm Ul Yolngu arl We can see tl'U' dearly m Gnluma Maymuru'< p;imungs Woyuwu 200'l :u1d Nyuyknl u.t Wuyawu 2002 Wayawu 10 a river system Lhal flows u1t11 Gruidal Bay, next LO J.un1J Bay UuJumn"s focus Js on Utt: river 11.:rcl!. ln Waya.wu.. the ~up half oft.he pru.uLins r<"pre.:,~n~ lhe river Oowu1J1 I hrough Galum•'s own Mungr;tlili dai1 country - Man~ah!J country c11dJ Just below a larse ruek Lhal cuu across U-.t: tlVN on wtuch a heron COIJ1 oc $\:l;J\ standing tookutg for flsh 10 the watrr Tiw nvrr lheJ1 flows tluot;gh U1e COW•lly of Lhe Ohu<!l D;apu clan, the clan u( C1dum.!> ttusband O'l\lkal W'.rrµanda 1'1tt changt Is lllgnili<-d by lhe Wlforenl clan acsig.'lS The dts:g/l Ul ll\e to;. hall or the palnlLf1& - lht Wlt&r pauem or OPIJOseo wavy lllles - !A!IOnS> 10 tile Mangga!i!J clan tu. core inc:arungs ~ucwt~ n. W'lth a waler J.)!31\t._ yoku Tile design reprcst:u~ Lhc conn or lhc p!nnL, the long sU!JO:s thnl trntl through the wattr wtlh the leaves visibfc on thl.! .surface

In N11uy/UJJ al Woyowu •1td WO!illwu, Ualuwu has nu.de this connect1C11 expUul 111.;ome or th" polfld• t;y repn::.e:1un11 Lh~ <:<.mt$, leaves and tn11l1111 s~rns (lgtltlltively M Uw nver enwrs the llhu!!• l>;a?ll culL"Wy or llhuru1>11LJp1, Lhe clan d.-s1;;11 changes 10 one rcpmenung u d1P.er.,11t wat<r pl"'it I.he dltarraJlg;. Lh•L gruw• .tl clumps ;md p:oVklc.> dense •hade where fish u:i h.'<le Tht dc:ugn itself conll!ins thtse mearungs, but ui her P•:ntuig Ualur.14 lo»!> U'ICluaed u palin.psest 1h~l makes Lh1s cxphc1L A11d lilddtn Ito the de/1:.1! iungle bt'.1wa1h the waters we C11n •ee the barely vtslblc rorm or a fish 'f'lils l<'Ctu1lq11c or pa1.11una. 111 wluth the figurative IOl'llt disappears JnlO Of

barely tnierges from t.h• backgrow1d, was termed 'buwaydk' by Ute RtratJ!ngU ....Wt WaJlyubi Martl<a .•. COJIYCrsalJUll Wllh WIL l'lubbs BuW3yllk ~:gt\llles JWUtblliLy or r.unu .• -ss. \Vlule the

outo0~'-~"""\1t.1.,..,,..b• itflifU;&l,JlliU ..... ,.....If ruu'1:M ~ ~ .__ ......... ~--- ,, ......... ~ ..... O:t• .. --

l''.1:1.c- nlu.ui.ci~l~J• l•c&v..or.n 1l1t• ns1L~ .. nd Uo un·~1tJlt ht• t..• ·11t.n;l U lttk'lil llit'. UL1\Jl...a..!llwUil~ ar• bat:,J 111.alf:•{·l..Wr')11"'11..a.tll •:( &

wN<;t rcu~ Alll'IJI liar1A•JUUJ••ii1 .. u~v""'111.t•,...•JCrLlc. '°'l Ill" :;.rt'.lt-1 ..... I tOlt u ( f..IX &11-.:. ~ WJU &I•) i..VLtel' I I k:J&Cflli~f uJum .-...iJ 1vttt..wl1'riU1A'l•rLu l itJ ~-~UJU.l.!!NLN1-lwt;c.J h ,rnu&tl w;'.h u •• aa U•1. bo.n:( ti~ Uu ut. Jurma •1f Uw•~ rkn

..-JU) ri:-.a r.il 1lu~" ''ilU~lil "' LufUltU :in urrt t:X~'S~:. «lC\N 11-::1,Y I

Uu.J\if,,11- L•f._.,H .. U !tu ,.il ~uu;. U kf'M.1.t•U•' ycit.:. thrl rt::1.U1Jl'l11iJ

_ hW'll.lJ.:.J, luc IUtil wlli.b \JC.lW.-1 1 l.Jij a.J,.f t11:rulJ1, m.o&1c •' I h J

tempbte or Lh ar...cstral p.>SL

An,.~.al J· ·h~." .. ,..vc.;tl.:\J Pl II.I Yi lj 111lJ1.e C..""1.:fUJl.'..Uf\r_; ... ~ll ... f nilil,y 111 Ow i,.oJal a1MJ anU11 1•·:-..11 W Oi·.at.:IW!lf •t t •A l11

lirn' 1n..hWl,.U tu U111 p.r.U!'lll'*2 "''hh·h t),...,•"SA tlo. i&ruly pf \fie t:hu (ld°t!IO.Jl\11 tr II\ 11 .. 1.trliip-~ .... ri:-a•UI} .. t.lttf u.n u.Ui111.1o ll.I Uu J·t"C

:.u.. .,u.,.t .....c-t .. r.J ... , ... ""6~"'· , U1t1 .L11t·6Uul ~Miu'" L't•.~J culD1 I-.•'\ .,., u-... t~pt'lt.o..,,J on tJ. ""~' i6..'""C 01411.le' JDU& hf Utt.

f"Ut~Hi_ .. U1 u,~ vi.urt..l Ju::.l Q.1 rt.r: µi'l'f't~ "••l bnni: .,;,gut Um lfV. 6lCt .Ut al J •th II l.UilJ, la fflUI: oJ ~ • ...-~t.:n') f;I \b:.,:ii£ ~U•1't •m.1 ,..~ut.al.&J.11 &inniJ• tJ: .. c;tJ• 'DlW"' f)'mill~ C

power to conunuJlly explore new forms or cxprtsslon

lrur .... , lf!l&iir.I Wltl•h'f •• l11tll•U. ~ J 1•(. ".'"jlVt I• 1Qt.u..U•A 111u .. 1t.u -...t .. ..w,1.-..1ttJ11• 1\l!IYI• ~Tn ift.1ta"n.Ul11~ CJl.l al.W •tlfiAM I.MA• ua.uJt 1' .-.ctrol C...,...i:.all) Ad Wid Ult

A~~(l~J),\'' 1Q1TA111.n11.'N jr.M).'WIMJ.1M6ii .ab••

Vuc.ul Ar.U1r¥rof"YV ( 1!191')

i.eclWque or buwayak has readied a !ugh l<!•el or de-elop!1'enl U\ co~te.·npgrary .. urk• by .... .asts

from Biue Mud Bay, ll ls pr.sef\L 111 niany earUer Yot.~gu works •

I nr • ,,.t..n;....10 ,.( w:..;,o1 eh ,,, '" Ir'"' IUwna Maymuru's clan and her husb&nd's clan u1 Uu ~' 1 ~ nt1;11l1 ~$i&111.!'1&:1.int 1\i V1~u. I in&...., rc..1• Jl';..'iGl.dUfn;tn..,,11"'!;1n.I J..-·,J~1 Tf1 Manggallll •nd Dhul!l OJapu clans are in• rclauonstup ol yuU1u·)'\n<h, v1UuJ.lw11..,u .... 1 Fv1 gcn•rnUons Mnnggalill women h.wc rruur1ed Ohut,!l Djapu m~n and ral:i<!<l chJJdrcn ror that clan. To Yo\ngu, tlus comes from the rtlntlon;hlp bcLwecn lhc lands, and can b~ seen in Lhe 11\WJig of .,..11.e:3 ~ L'\l? Monggallll .... :uer~ from Wayawu JOI.rt with lhe Dhuq1 Lljapu waters aL Dhuru11utJpl.

IL Is tlus ancestral P-'tern bnked to lhc logic or the 11iill•.1111h.f t'-""• ""' u.1Jlt.n.. nd ......, •

ll••l deiennines tile pauern of ll'.c present day.

Tl• rm:t ,,. ll'u;,u• •• 2vl.! .. ..,1.,... 1.-111)' • """"'' •l:NllR"' u · ).Ull~ dm u ... 1...,. ·n.., iw

Cit\ t• Olllt .. If'!! la ,,. val;u rt.i•l o.llU'" u.., - "'""an u .. 1a~c.I u,., )'• ' " ... ..,,...,,.., u 11cbt1t ll»l CINl ... dio .. n ttcn<><l•od m'ft o•:! u 1" '"" ~ ""~"'· Ut• l<SllP• .<':00 '""'-'"" u.., \I~ rtan. ll•ri;.uaburbix ... \\•r.&w-Y 11to.o1 .,cud v. n<,;iy\'~ u., ll!>l,..u.i llf c!A11, • 11<11•

o1 u ....... wlt•l<'l' •111111co"""T i.1n u.., 11.u.w1 ".-Aollu Al wr1 .. wu tt>t lwa&:Wl""'~" "'"" innsl•111fl•d lnl» >< nnllDoo IJUlili. wfil,:f• 111 thr plMll ti..~ of I>'~ tr~d'Cl t.U I• \.Ile d,r1 ,...,yl.1 t..c r11111L\y t..ld "'.....i. In r.rp.,A aJ di 11,..11""'" •U'.12 "'~ CJU1 >et\."" r1•cr>IAliJt01.·...,u 111

rff.,.'l 111"""~01• fo:n ut • null""' io~ '"rnn •Ull lllc M<rtd ~ ''"" tlall.;;M ,, .. 111rd "11 llll l.i<i<jy "1ld Uw Wily rrf the IUl~r'lll.IUI W1ahll1 u1..crliA>d fu1ttll)I 111 "'1tll< on whit m Ult <11~ tltl V•I d

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iS3N 978 I 876509 26 2 (sottco\'~r) ISBN 978 I 876509 68 2 (hardcover)

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l2 98 !Ill

n Centre Five revisited Australian mave1icks Outstation a.it

Ken Scarlett Tile provocative arl of Richard

E:rnily l(ngwarre~·c a11cl Uroµi:1

LarLer and Gareth Snnso1\1 Awelye 8<1t1.k ~

Debordh Clark Sally Butler

. !~

The Field Art, contexL and the

1 0~ 18-1

histoncaJ momenl Col Levy's big subject Gordon Bennett

Carolyn Barnes PeLer'!'imms

ReadiJ\g pirturc:s Susan Lowish

I Ill

Patterns of experience DiY defiance 1 11~

Sydney absLracuon Political posters duru1g Judy Watson

Linda van Nunen the Bjelke-Petersen cm

SCIC"/r>c/ [JIYllllUf /1('(1/ill.CJ //t'r/J I

( L968-87) 198!)

Lynette Finch RuLh McDougall

L:.

Robert Klippel and ll8 l!lS

the language of form 'Beautiful one day, Rosalie Gascoigne's Samantha Llttley perfect the next' lyrical derailments

50 Documenlary photograph~' in Mary E:agle Queensl<uid in the 1980s

The evocation of distance f'red Williams and the

Claire Gobe :!111.i

Australian lmKlsca pe 12 1

Dale Frank 'St11U\I\ 0111 in ll<'<lV<'ll\ hi~h

Sebastian Smee Reprise Sarah SLut.chbury .Juan Oavila's M1.>s S1<11111111cl

5S 1981 .!!'..!

'Otherwhereish creatures' S<llll Pullbrook's portrai1 of

Shaune Lakin John Nixon

8rnesline I lill [{e,~s1on rn 1cl re1 wwal

1:32 Nicholas Chambers John Mw'PhY Articulating the

CiG unspeakable ·_! t :--l

Table dancing The fentinisL pllotogrnphy of Howard Arldey and Julie Rrap m1cl /\nne Ferron

George Baldessi.n's JacQt1elli1e Millner 'Popism'

Small bmlf.[vet t 97 L- 72 Jol'U1 Gregory

David Hansen 1-10 .!.;.

Klaus Moje 72

Aleks Danko

Tony Tuckson's hot licks ·Swimming above th<' wntr.-r'

P'i'i1k I i11es (i•e1tical) 011 rr:<I Margot Osbome

\.\lhn1 lime is ii.,

ancl pw7J/e t970-i3

David l:lw-nett

Julie Ewington 11(1

Cast-offs and found .?:lll

7$ objects

Robert Foster

Mick Na.marari Tjapaltjan-i Tom Risley's 111ark-tm,ki11g

1'he ghosr in the> 11mehi1w

Slummer and screen Michael Hawker

Paul t-<kGillick

John Kean ~:m

152

SI Thanakupi

Nlichael Riley

Imants Tillers and foll circle

Conu11on s~'n!>r

conceptual a.it Simon Wright

Hetti Perkins

fv/oments of inertw. S11/l I ijl' I Hill J+l

14 l - l lJ4 1973 Abigail Fitzgibbons

Clifford Possum A complicated edge

Tjapaltjan-i Bea Macldocl(s TEl?H..-1

00 Beneath douds

SPfR!TlS 11·11/1 (( !111J'k1•1

'It's OK if you weren't there' Vivien Johnso11

s'1C1dc• rl} )'<tie HJ9:1-\l8

Mike Parr and performance

!<ate Ravenswood

docwnentation as remedial ion 160

Edward Scheer The symbolic space of Tim Johnson Wayne 'l\1ru1icliITe

Imaging and abstracting country Ll1 ,, • 111 :111 1,(:J lilll:. l{11n•r ~1i .. 1 ,;1 11111 llw \\,1ru11111 :;1 lu;ol

Judith Ryan

:,::·"'l.l William Robinson Depic: ing 11 1v1sihk• chsta1 I( l' Rex Butler

_ . .s Poetry cve1y day Hobe11 Mud'hrison's .11fa11fcr11 (S1m111JJ mrs) Nilwl 1J-\t'1·1•11

s1gns.JbrCY .. j I". 11 ll :,r;11· ·!:· R.11' HJ!J.J-!I!> Julie Ewmgtou

.:!th

Peter 'fyndaU The :ir1 of lonki 11g Christopher Chapa nan

~·q

Multiple meanings Th< <1lh1s11c· 111\i<'• h nl Susan < :01111 Anne Brennan

~t!

The sto1y of Guan Wei Karen Snut11

n,;1

He1mannsbw-g women potters flruce McLean

,, Tracey .Moffatt.'s visual pleasw-es t.11ranea V.'ttlla~t'

d•

Ken Thaiday ·n, <k•rn <' ii. 1111C'11H.'111l>t>r

~laud Pag<:

~

New waves from the old Tnrn·s s11~ 111 lsl;uull'r 1m111111;1i;l'r· Nonie Sharp

Michael Boiyool Anning and the rainforest tradition Noel Loos

There goes the neighbourhood Th<? works of V~rno1 1 Ah Kl•<' amt Rachnrcl Bell AvrilQuallJ

-t~

Scott Redford Pa mcl1S{' 1101\

Jason S1rnth

'-1

Being in the world 'l\rc.1 r0spo11s<·s 10 1 he· arl of .Jll<hl h Wright Rut11 McDougall Suhanya l!a.ffcl

,:!

Other side of the rainbow 111f' sa<I nn<I ha<i arl or l ksti 11~· DC'ctCOll Hannah Pink

Rosemary Laing l'ur<' 1 rn11si1

Kelly Gellatly

Gwyn Hanssen Pigott Sarah 1'ffin

II\.!

Expressing identity Cn•a111·11y i:1 Yol11g11 ;111

Howard \1orphy

!!ill

Arnhem Land fibre arL Lt•rw Yannk• mi. sc:ulpl(Jr H1·~111;1 \~ Ison. p:ii11l<•1 Diane Moo:1

!'IS

Weaving visions of counuy Lilly l<dtr Naprn1gard1 '1 11cl Mi!Jili Naprnmla Chnsu11e Wal.SOn

.If ..

The ba.lman-a of Alan Griffiths's BaliBali balga Dominique Sweeney

~ ti

To dance in the theatre of absence Somt• remarks abrn11 A11n 1k1u1 c·rnYu1g.<; Jotm von Swrmer

Memo1y and memo1ial \\'il li<1111 Ya11g's "About m.v mother· wrn Alison Lee

~'..!(,

ln a fortunate garden r·'1011a H<1Ts 1r11rft.»· 2003--0G Suhanya lla1fel

Ir.!

Peter Booth and subtleties in the epic Melissa Miles

~ ~(I

Susan Norrie 'li's ;i sn~Hll \\'Oriel afl1•r <ff JutK; E"1ngion

1111

Scott Chasel.ing and .Jessica Loughlin PNso; 1al 11arra:.iws 1111<1

nurn111a' 11<'a111 ~· Ian Were

1'1!

The continuity of Tiwi rut l<i:ty l<a111jlla, Pedm Wor ml'<tmirn .uacl ~ l a1 ra Jos('llE' Orsto Suzanne Spunner

.1r-.<1

Anne Wallace Shaclo\\'.:; of desire' l::mma Muhlberger

t:.;nd.notes

l!IS

Index

JI

Acknowledgmen