A Summer Training Report

12A Summer Training ReportOnVITAL ROLE OF EXPORT PROCESS, EXPORT DOCUMENTATION & EXPORT SERVICES(LOGISTICS) IN THE EXPORT OF FINISHED GOODS PRODUCTSOf

HINDALCO INDUSTRIES LIMITEDSUMMER INTERNSHIP REPORT IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE AWARD OF FULLTIME MBA SESSION (2008-2010)

Preface

Objective of StudyThe objective of study is to find answer of the some questions, which are important to clearly understand the importance, procedure and role of export documentation for Aluminium & Aluminium products in smooth Export working.The main objectives of doing this project are as follows:- To study the Export Documentation Process. To understand the global aluminium industry trends in the major demand and supply center of the world. To understand the global marketing of Hindalco products. To understand the Export Market Plan. To study the Export Process from Order Booking to Shipment. To understand the overall process involved in the Export Management System of the Hindalco Industries Ltd. To understand the overall process used by the Hindalco to establish the Export Documentation Process. To understand the benefits and incentives given by the government to the exporter for boosting up the Indian Export.

ContentsPrefaceAcknowledgementsObjective of StudySection 1: Introduction... About Aditya Birla Group....9 Group Companies ......14 Aditya Birla Management Corporation ..19 At A Glance ....19 Financial Foot Prints....20 Hindalco At A Glance..21 Highlights Of Hindalco Industries limited..23 Hindalco Overview ..24 Company Profile...41 Industry At A Glance....42 Aluminium ...42 Copper ......43 Production Process....45 Extracdion Of Alumina From Bauxite.46 Extraction Of aluminium From Alumina..47 Product Profile...48 Product Overview .49 Aluminium 49 Copper49 Primary Aluminium Product..49 Integrated Operation Of Hindalco .51 Production Capacity.. 52 Organizational Profile of Hindalco Industry Ltd.......54 Product and Brands of Hindalco........57 Hindalco Product Range........65Section 2: About Flat Rolled Product....66 Flat Rolled Products (FRPs)........66 Types of FRPs (Export).......67Section 3: About International Marketing....68 What is International Marketing?................................................................68 What is Global Marketing?..........................................................................69 Advantages and Disadvantages of Global Marketing..69Section 4: About Export..70 What is Export?............................................................................................70 Types of Export70 Benefits of Export70 Risk from Export..72 Why we should Export?...............................................................................74 How to Export?............................................................................................75 Advantages of Export..76 Process of Export Management...77 Export Cycle78Section 5: Export Marketing..80 Export Marketing Plan.80 Practical Suggestion for Export Marketing Plan.80 Tips for Export Marketing...81 Market Entry Strategies: Location of Importers..82Section 6: Developing an Export Strategy.....86 Determining Products Export Potential..90 Assessing Companys Export Readiness.90 Developing an Export Plan..90Section 7: Developing a Market Plan....92 Marketing Strategy Benefits...92 Market Research.92 Method of Market Research...93 Step-by-Step Approach to Market Research..94Section 8: Methods/Channel of Exporting...96 Approaches of Exporting....96 Distribution Consideration..97 Indirect Exporting...98 Direct Exporting.....98Section 9: Preparing Product for Export...100 Questions to Consider...100 Product Adaptation...101 Engineering and Redesign....102 Branding, Labeling and Packaging.......102 Installation.103 Warranties.....103 Servicing...103Section 10: Export Order......105 Processing of an Export Order.....105 Terms and Conditions of an Export Order...107 Planning for Execution of the Export Order108Section 11: Export Pricing, Quotation and Incoterms...109 Pricing Consideration...109 Quotations and Proforma Invoice....112 Difference between Proforma Invoice and a Quotation..114 Use of a Proforma Invoice...114 Commercial Invoice.115 Customs and Consular Invoice116 From the Proforma Invoice to the Commercial Invoice..116 Incoterms or Terms of Sale..119Section 12: Export Process...123 Procedure for Export...124Section 13: Logistics Process....127 Brief Description of the Flow of Logistics..128 Flow of Logistics Process Implemented by Hindalco.130Section 14: Export Documentation..132 Importance of Export Documentation.132 Set of Documents Required for Exports..133 Major Export Documents.133 Need for Export Documents....136 Significance of Some Export Documents....136 Common Defects in Documentation....143 Process of Getting Custom Clearance......144Section 15: Government Policies for Export145 EXIM Policy.145 Main Objectives of EXIM Policy.145Section 16: Export Incentives146 Process Involved in Getting Export Incentives....149 Export Finance.152 Hindalcos Export Data (From Renukoot Plant)..157Section 17: SWOT Analysis of Hindalco158Section 18: Findings and Recommendations.....159Section 19: Bibliography.....161Section 20: Annexure......162 Specimen of Proforma Invoice..162 Specimen of Packing List..162 Specimen of Certificate of Origin..163 Specimen of Bill of Lading...163 Specimen of Export Quotation Worksheet164 Specimen of Commercial Invoice.164 Sample of Insurance Certificate164

INTRODUCTIONABOUT ADITYA BIRLA GROUPADITYA BIRLA MANAGEMENT CORPORATIONGROUP COMPANIESAT AGLANCEFINANCIAL FOOT PRINT

ABOUTADITYA BIRLA GROUP

The ADITYA BIRLA GROUP is Indias 1st tryly multinational corporation(MNC) whose over 30% of revenues flow frpm its operations across tehe world. The group is anchored by an extra-ordinary force of 72000 employees belonging to over 20 different nationalities the world over. The ADITYA BIRLA GROUP reaches out to the core sector in India in industries integral to the nations growth-cement,aluminium,fertilizers,viscose stable fibre, textile,power,telecommunications,industrial chemicals and financial services.

The ADITYA BIRLA GROUP is a dominated player in all the sectors in which it operates, such as viscoses stable fibre, non ferrous metal, cement viscoss, telecommunication and financial service. Group OverviewsAditya Birla group traces its origin back to the Tiny village of Pilani in the RAJASTAN desert, where late Shri Seth Shiv Narajan Birla started carton trading operation in 1857. Then one visionary the late Shri G.D. Birla set up Indians first integrated aluminium manufacturing unit at Renukoot 1962 backed by captive power plant at Renusagar in 1967.It further evolved under the dynamic leadership of the late Shri Aditya Vikram Birla a prominent figure in the Indian industries, under whose stewardship HINDALCO attained its leadership position in aluminium. Today our group chairman Dr. Kumar Manglam Birla has put together the building block to make Indian business a global force.Group TodayThe Aditya Birla Group is Indias first truly multinational corporation (MNC), whose over 60% of revenues flow from its operations across the world.Over 75 units in India and overseas as well (in Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Egypt and Canada) and international trading operations spanning several countries including Singapore, Dubai, Russia, Vietnam, Myanmar and China make it Indias first truly multinational conglomerate.THE ADITYA BIRLA GROUP HAS THE FOLLOWING ACHIVEMENTS TO ITS CREDITS:- The words no 1 in viscose fiber. The words largest single location palm oil producer. Asias largest integrated aluminum producer. The forth largest producer of insulator. The forth largest producer of carbon black. The eleven largest cement producers. Among the best energy efficient fertilizer plant. Among the words top 15 largest BPO company. IN INDIA , A FRONTRUNNER POSITION ARE:- A premier branded garments players. The second largest player in viscose filament yard. Among the top three BPO companies. Indias leading copper producer. The second largest in the chlor alkali sector. Among the top five mobile telephony players. A leading player in life insurance & asset management.Group visionTo become a premium conglomerate with clear business focus at each corporate level.Group missionTo deliver value for our customer, shareholders, employees and society at large.Group PhilosophyReset on four pillars Customize People-size Strategize InstitutionalizeGroup values Integrity Speed Seamlessness Passion

CHAIRMAN: Shri Kumar Mangalam BirlaThe winning organization will be those who regularly out perform competition They have a stable consistent strategy. A stable strategy does not means a static strategy, rather it means following a broad philosophy and continuous improvement in how strategy is manifested, incorporating the expected market requirement and the customer needs.Kumar Mangalam Birla COMPANIES Group companies: Grassim Industries Ltd. Hindalco Industries Ltd. Aditya Birla Nuvo Ltd. Ultra Tech Cement Ltd.Indian companies: PSI Data systems Aditya Birla Minacs Worldwide Ltd. Essel Mining & Industries Ltd. Shree Digvijay Cement Ltd. Idea Cellular Ltd. Aditya Birla Insulators. Aditya Birla Retail Limited Bihar Caustic and Chemicals Ltd.International companies:Thailand: Thai Rayon Indo Thai Synthetics Thai Acrylic Fibre Thai Carbon Black Aditya Birla Chemicals(Thailand) Ltd. Thai Peroxide.Philippines: Indo Phil Textile Mills. Indo Phil Cotton Mills. Indo Phil Acrylic Mfg. Pan Century Surfactants Inc.Indonesia: PT Indo Bharat Rayon. PT Elegant Textile Industry. PT Sunrise Bumi Textiles. PT Indo Liberty Textiles. PT Indo Raya Kimia.Egypt: Alexandria Fiber Company S.A.E. Alexandria Carbon Black Company S.A.E.China: Liaoning Birla Carbon. Birla Jingwei Fibres Company Ltd. Aditya Birla Grasun Chemicals(Fangchenggang) Ltd.Canada: AV Cell Inc. AV Nackawic Inc.Australia: Aditya Birla Minerals Ltd.Laos: Birla Laos Pulp and Paper Plantation Company Ltd.North and South America, Europe and Asia: Novelis Inc.

Globally A metals powerhouse, among the world's most cost-efficient Aluminium and Copper producers. Hindalco-Novelis from its fold is a Fortune 500 company. It is the largest Aluminium rolling company It ranks as No. 1 in Viscous Staple Fibre The largest single location palm oil producer The third largest producer of insulators The third largest producer of carbon black The eleventh largest producer of cement and the largest in a single geography The largest single location copper smelter Among the world's top 15 BPO companies and among India's top three Among the best energy efficient fertilizer plantsIn Asia The largest integrated Aluminium producerIn India A premier branded garments player The second largest in the chlor-alkali sector Among the top five mobile telephony companies Among the top three supermarket chains in the retail business Second largest player in viscous filament yarn Second largest private sector insurance company and a leading assets management company.

JOINT VENTURES

Birla Sun Life Insurance Birla Sun Life Asset Management Company Ltd. Birla Sun Life Distribution Company Ltd. Tanfac Industries Ltd

ADITYA BIRLA MANAGEMENT CORPORATION BOARD OF DIRECTOR

Mr. Kumar Mangalam Birla (chairman) Mr. S.AgaMr. D.bhattacharya,managing directorMr. S.K.jainMr. Santrupt misraDr. Bharat singhMr.S.K. mitraMr. Di mittalFINANCIAL FOOT PRINT:A us $28 billian corporation with a market cap of US $31.5 billian and in the leaque of fotune 500.the A.B. group is anchored by an extra ordinary sale of 100000 employee belonging to 25 different nationalties. In India the group has been adjusted the best employees in India and among the top 20 in asia by the Hewitt- economic times and wall streetjournal study2007over50% of its revenues flow from overes operations. The groupoperation in 20 country: India thiland,indonasia,Egypt,china,Canada,Australia,U.S.A.germany,brazil,italy,Switzerland,andmalasia.Renukoot: A general overview Lying in the foothills of the vindhya range, renukoot is about 160kms from varanasi and 154 kms from mirzapur.

There is a direct daily train named muri expressed between jammu tawl to tatanagar and rachi via renukoot. A part from above renukoot is also connected with kolkatta through direct train named shaktipunj express.Location:-Renukoot- zonal office:- Kolkatta Mumbai Bangalore delhiDivisional office:-

Power division Foil divisionGuest house:- Delhi Mirzapur Lucknow Allahabad

INTRODUCTIONHINDALCO AT A GLANCEHIGHLIGHTS OF HINDALCO INDUSTRIES LIMITEDHINDALCO OVERVIEW

HIGHLIGHTS OF HINDALCO INDUSTRIES LIMITED India s largest aluminium producer. Market share of 50 percent. Worlds cost producer of aluminium. Fully integrated production facilities from bauxite mines to value added aluminium products. Fully integrated aluminium plant at renukoot,U.P. Aluminium wheels and foils plant at silvassa, in Dadra& NagarHaveli. First Indian Aluminium producer which was accorded ISO 9002 and 14001 certified. Significant economies of small scale from large scale production. Strong market presence and wide distribution network.HINDALCO OVERVIEW:-Hindalco was set up in collaboration with Kaiser Aluminum & Chemicals Corporation U.S.A, in a record time of 18 months. The plant started functioning in the year 1962 with a capacity of 20,000 tons per annum.The company has growth manifold and is managed by Board of Directors, with Shri Kumar Mangalam Birla as the chairman of the Board of Directors. Day to day affairs of the company are managed by Professional Executives headed by Shri Ratan K Shah as the chief operation officer-Aluminium & Power.Hindalco is one of Indias largest producers of Aluminium. The company was in corporated on December 15, 1958 and commenced production in 1962 with an initial smelting capacity of 20,000 TPA.

Hindalcos integrated operation and operational efficiency have enabled the company to be one of the worlds lowest cost producers of Aluminium.Hindalco TodayAluminium has turned out to be the wonder metal of the industrialised world. No other single metal can do so many jobs, so well, and so economically.Aluminiums growth rate is the highest amongst the major basic metals today. Hindalco ranks as the largest Aluminium producer in India, whose more than 58% sales is in value added product and has more than 40% in total market share. Hindalcos integrated operations and operational efficiency have enabled the company to be one of the worlds lowest cost producers of Aluminium.Hindalco also owns a large captive thermal power plant at Renusagar that meets the power requirement of the company very effectively. Hindalco currently has primary Aluminium capacity of 3, 75,000 MTPA.

Hindalco is a leading domestic player in two metals business segments - aluminium and copper. The aluminium division's product range includes alumina chemicals, primary aluminium ingots, billets, wire rods, rolled products, extrusions, foils and alloy wheels. The company has a significant market share in all the segments in which it operates. It enjoys a domestic market share of 42 per cent in primary aluminium, 63 per cent in rolled products, 20 per cent in extrusions, 44 per cent in foils and 31 per cent in wheels.As a step towards expanding the market for value-added products and services, Hindalco has launched several brands in recent years, which include Aura for alloy wheels, Freshwrapp for kitchen foil and Everlast for roofing sheets. Our exclusive showroom, The Aluminium Gallery, seeks to promote Hindalco products to its customers. It is a platform for the company to showcase quality products to a quality audience in an appropriate ambience. The exhibits include products like windows, doors, furniture, ladder, roofing sheets and ceiling and cladding panels.Hindalco's products are well received not only in the domestic market, but also in the international market. The company's metal is accepted for delivery under the high grade aluminium contract on the London Metal Exchange (LME). The company exports about 17 percent of its total sales volume of aluminium. The company's alumina chemical business is a leader in manufacturing and marketing of speciality alumina and alumina hydrate products in the country. It has a major market share in the country. These speciality products find wide usage in diversified industries including water treatment chemicals, refractories, ceramics, cryolite, glass, fillers and plastics, conveyor belts and cables, among others. The company also exports these alumina chemicals to over 30 countries covering North America, Western Europe and the Asian region. Birla Copper, Hindalco's copper division at Dahej in Gujarat, enjoys a leadership position in India, having built over 40 per cent of the domestic market share within three years of its commissioning. It has also made successful forays into the export markets of the Middle East, Southeast Asia, China, Korea and Taiwan. The copper plant produces world-class copper cathodes, continuous cast copper rods and precious metals. Sulphuric acid, phosphoric acid, di-ammonium phosphate, other phosphatic fertilizers and phospho-gypsum are also produced at this plant.

Hindalco Vision

To strength our position as a premium Aluminum company, sustaining, domestic leadership and global competitiveness through innovation quality and value added growth.

Hindalco Mission To pursue the creation of value for our customers, shareholders, employees and society at large.Hindalco ValuesINTEGRETY: Honesty in every action.COMMITMENT: Doing whatever it takes to deliver, as promised.PASSION: Missionary zeal arising out of an emotional engagement with work.SEAMLESSNESS: Thinking and working together across functional silos, hierarchy levels, business and geographies.SPEED: Responding to stockholders with a sense of urgency. Hindalco Strategy EFFICIENCY FOCUS: To be one of the lowest cost producers globally. EFFECTIVENESS FOCUS: To continue to remain the market leader domestically. GROWTH FOCUS: To pursue value adding growth opportunities.HINDALCOS MARKETING VISIONTo be a premium marketing organization sustaining domestic market leadership and establishing global presence in each product category.HINDALCOS MARKETING MISSIONTo create value for our customers and profitable markets for Aluminium, ensuring rapid and sustained long-term growth.HINDALCO POLICYQUALITY POLICYWe, at Hindalco, shall aim to achieve and sustain excellence in all our activity. We are committed to total customer satisfaction by providing products and services, which meet or exceed the customer, expectations. Modernization of the manufacturing facilities stress on technological innovation and training of employee at all level shall be a continuous process of Hindalco. A motivated workforce with a sense of pride in the organization shall us towards total quality. SAFETY POLICYWe at Hindalco value as our most importance resource and hence committed to achieve health and safety. Excellence by providing healthy and safe working environment our objective therefore, will be Use appropriate technology and other resources to upgrade safety standards. To continuously improve the working condition leading to prevention of accidents. Not only continue to comply with all the applicable laws and regulation but also strive to achieve beyond and set new standards. To continuously monitor and control work places hazard and project employees and community from them. To creation awareness and concern for safety amongst employees through active involvement participation continuous training etc.ENVIRONMENT POLICY We at Hindalco Industries Ltd. are committed to resources conservation and control of environmental aspect of our activities internally relating to production of Alumina. Aluminium fabricated product and power generation at Renukoot in order to serve the cause of sustainable development our objective therefore will be to

Innovate and improve our process equipment operations maintenance and other practices continuously for population prevention. Adopt cleaner technologies wherever techno-Economically viable. Conserve key input resources such as bauxite caustic soda coal, power, water furnance oil and other oil. Keep exploring the flexibility of recycling and utilization of inevitable waste especially of water tube oil red mud fly ash.We shall make this policy available to all employee and public.TPM-WCM POLICY Weat hindalco shall continuosly TPM-WCM practices as a key to optimization of resource, and recognition as a world class company constantly aspiring to exceed the ezception of all atakeholder.We shall: Involve all our people in the pursuit of efficient production system. Target zero accident, Zero breakdown, and Zero defect. Work vigorously for elimination of losses and wastage of resource. Promote process capability through innovation. Conserve energy and ensure healthy a green environment through pollution prevention and control. Be flexible, so as to meet the challenge of change through association assimilation and improvisation. Be a solutions provider-delivering optimum valve to our customers.BOARD OF DIRECTORNon Executive DirectorsMr. Kumar Mangalam Birla (chairman) Mrs. Rajashree BirlaMr. A. K. Agarwala Mr. E. B. DesaiMr. S.S. KothariMr. C. M. ManiarMr. M. M. BhagatMr. K. N. BhandariMr. N. J. JhaveriExecutive DirectorMr.D.BhattacharyaManaging DirectorRENUKOOT UNIT Mr. D. K. Kohly, Chief Operating OfficerMr. Ashok Machher, Joint President(F& C)Mr. G.M.Pandey,Joint President (Renusagar Power)Chief financial officerMr. S.talukdar(Group executive president &CFO)Corporate-Mr.R.Ram, Senior president(project corporate)Mr. Pratik roy. (Chief people officer)AdvisorsMr.R.K. KasiwalMr.Amit Basu.Key executives- (aluminium business)Mr.Shashi k. maudgal (chief marketing officer)Mr.R.S.Dhulkhed presidentMr shanker roy president Mr S.M. Bhatia, president Copper businessMr Dilip gaur(group executive president copper)Mr N.M. pathaik,Mr j.p.paliwal,( commercial president)Mr B.M. sharma (chief marketing officer copper)Joint venture companies of Hindalco1. Indo-gulf Fertilizers & chemicals Corpn Ltd.2. Bihar Caustic & Chemicals Ltd.

3. Tanfac Industries Ltd.4. Mangalore Refinery & Protochemicals Ltd.5. Birla AT & T Communication Ltd.6. Bina Power Supply Co. Ltd.7. Birla Global Finance Ltd.8. Birla Capital International AMC Ltd.9. Century Enka.Recent Awards won by Hindalco in Different fields. National Safety Award 2003: By Minister of Labor and Employment. Rajiv Gandhi National Quality Award 2003: Joint award winner of R.G.N.Q.A. 2003 in large scale manufacturing category. The award is instituted by Bureau of Indian Standard, Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Government of India. CIOL Dataquest Award:For best performance in the pioneer category for 2004-05 by CIOL, an IT portal along with Dataquest Magazine. Green Tech Gold Award 2003-04: By Greentech Foundation, New Delhi for organizational Health & Safety. Qualtech Award 2004: For Quality Management by Quimpro college, Mumbai. CII National Award: For Excellence in Energy Management-2004. Prime Ministers Shram Award 2004: Shram Veer award to Mr. Ram Kailash of Aluminium plant won the Excellence Case Study Presentation Award at NCQC, Mumbai in December 2004. National Energy Conservation Award 2004: In aluminium sector Government of India, Ministry of Power. Aditya Birla Planet Award 2004: Jt. Winner of Aditya Birla Planet Award 2004 for community initiative & Rural Development Works. Our Mines Division has been reorganized by Indian Bureau of Mines, Government of India for A forestation; Plantation, waste Dump Management, Topsoil Management, Reclamation and Rehabilitation, Dust suppression Arrangement, Publicity & propaganda and overall Performance. Training & Development (HR) Practices 2004: Renusager Power has declared winner of Innovation Training & Development (HR) Practices 2004. Award given by Indian Society for Training & Development, New Delhi. Annual Greentech Safety Gold Award: Hindalco own the 4th Annual Greentech Safety Gold award for the year 2004-05 in Metallurgy Sector. The award will be presented on 11th May 2005 at Hyderabad. National Award for Excellence in Energy Management 2005: Belure Sheet Plant received the National Award for Excellence in Energy Management 2005 (Energy Efficient Unite) from CII Sohrabji Godrej Green Business Center. National Safety Award 2004: Owned by Renukoot Plant, given by the Ministry of Labor and Employment, Government of India.

Vishkarma Rashtriya Puraskar: Awarded to Five workmen of our smelter, Mr. Rajesh Pal, Mr. A.K. Gupta, Mr. R.K. Singh, Mr. H.N. Singh, & Mr. S.K. Singh, given by the Ministry of Labor and Employment, Government of India. National Energy Conservation 2005: Renukoot plant won the 1st Prize in Aluminium sector, given by Ministry of power, Government of India. ICWAI National Award for Excellence in Cost Management-2005: Hindalco was awarded by Institute of Cost and Works Accountants of India. National Energy Conservation Award-2006Hindalco was awarded by Ministry of Power, Government of India National Award for Excellence in Water Management 2006Hindalco, Renukoot has won the National Award for Excellence in Water Management 2006 organised by CII Quality Circle Forum of India AwardThe quality circle teams at Hindalco, Renukoot were adjudged winners in the live quiz competition organised by the Quality Circle Forum of India. Rajiv Gandhi National Quality Award 2007Renukoot was selected for the Rajiv Gandhi National Quality Award 2007 Silver Trophy, presented by the Bureau of Indian Standards, in the large scale manufacturing (metallurgy) category National Award for Excellence in Water Management 2007".

Hindalco awarded the CII-Sorabji Green Business Centre "National Award for Excellence in Water Management 2007". D.L. Shah National Award for Economics of QualityHindalco won the prestigious D.L. Shah National Award for Economics of Quality given by quality council of India. Chief manufacturing officer, Mr. R. P. Shah and Mr. Arun Kumar received the award from the President of India, H.E. Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam on 9 February 2007 at New Delhi IT Competition 2008 Award By CII:Hindalco Hirakud Systems ranked runners up at the state level IT Competition 2008 organised by CII in association with the department of informational technology, Government of Orissa. Greentech Safety Gold Award 2008: Greentech Safety Gold Award 2008 for outstanding achievement in safety management in coal based power sector

Above Figure Shows The Sales Revenue Of Aluminium BusinessIMPORTANT MILESTONES OF PROGRESSYEARACHIEVEMENTS1958Date of registration1962Aluminium production started.capacity20,000TPAAluminium production started.capacity40,000TPA1964properzi wire rod mill commissioned.1965 Aluminium production capacity expanded to 40,000TPA.Renusagar pawar plant commissioned with 65.7mw capacity.Aluminiumproduction capacity expanded to 60,000TPA.Properi mll no.2,extrusion press 2&3.1969 Aluminium production capacityexpanded to. 80000TPA1972Aluminiumproduction capacity expanded to 95,000TPA.1981Aluminiumproduction capacity expanded to 120,000TPA.Third generater at renusagar commissioned.1886Alumina production capacity expanded to 300,000.1988 Conferm extrusion press commissioned.1990Continuous caster installed.1991 Aluminiumproduction capacity expanded to 150,000TPA.1993Dave cold rolling mill commissioned.1994Aluminiumproduction capacity expanded to 350,000TPA.1996Continuos ingot casting machine installed. Aluminiumproduction capacity expanded to 210,000TPA Wag stuff slab casing machne installed.1997 Bliss hot & cold mill revamped.Co-generation power plant of 37 mu commissioned.Wag stuff billet casing machine commissioned.6th generator commissioned At Renusagar.1998Aluminiumproduction capacity expanded to 242,000TPA. Aluminiumproduction capacity expanded to 450,000TPA. Aluminium fil production commenced at silvassa.1996 wheel plant commissioned at silvassa.2001 1997under brown field expansion of smelter, pot line 9 commisioned and aluminium production capacity expanded to 275, 000TPA2002 brown field expansion of capitive power plant completed power production capacity enhanced by 160 mu .2002 brown field expansion of alumina refinery completed.2004 co generation power plant of 40 mu commissioned.2005HIndalco received the ICWAI national award for excellence in cast management. 2006 In may the company singed a mow wih the government of Madhya Pradesh for setting up a green field aluminium smelter and a captive power plant.2007In may novelis become a Hindalco subsidery with the completion of the acquisition process.ACHIVEMENTS:-Recent awards won by Hindalco of labour and employment:- National safety award 2003 by ministry of labour and employment. Joint award winner of Rajive Gandhi national quality award 2003 in large scale manufacturing category. The award I sinstotuted by bureau of Indian standerds ministry of consumer affairs, govt. of India. CIOL Dataquest award for best performance in the pioneer category for 2004-2005 by CIOL an IT portal along with dataquestr magazine. Green tech gold awad 2003-2004 by greentech foundation new delhi for organization health and safety. Qualtech award 2004 for quality management bu quimpro college. CLL national award for excellence in energy management 2004. Prime ministers shram awards 2004 sharam veer award to mr.Ram kailash of alumina plant and Sharam shree award to Mr. Suresh Prasad of alumina plant.

Quality circle shakti of reduction plan won the excellence case study presentation award at NCQC Mumbai in December 2004. National energy congervation award 2004 in aluminium sector government of India, ministry of power. Jt.winner of Aditya Birla planed award 2004 for commity initiative & rural development works. Our mines division has been recognized by Indian bureau of mines, govt of India for afforestation, plantation management publicityn and propaganda and overall performance. Renusagar power has declared winner of innovation training and development practice 2004 award givin by Indian society for training & development new delhi. Hindalco won the 4th annual greentech safety gold award for the year 2004-2005 in metallurgy sector. The award will be presented on the 11th may 2005 at hydarabad.

COMPANY PROFILEINDUSTRY AT GLANCEALUMINIUMCOPPER

COMPANY PROFILE INDUSTRY AT GLANCEHindalco industry limited, a flagship company of ADITYA BIRLA group, with a turnover of Rs.192,010.00 crore in 2007-08, ranksM vmd ndnvkl among Indias top 10 companies in terms of capital market capitalization a non ferrous metal powerhouse Hindalcos operations are organized into two strategic business units Aluminium and Copper. The company is an industry leader in both these business.ALUMINIUM Hindalco is Asias largest integrated primary producer of aluminium and among the most cost efficient producers globally. In India, Hindalco enjoys a leadership position for aluminium and downstream products. Synergies of operations with its wholly owned subsidiary Indian aluminium company Ltd. (Indal), have enhanced the company share in value addition segments, in which the Hindalco Indal combine has a market share of over 50 %.As a step towards expanding the market for value added products and services, Hindalco has launched several brands in past year Aura, Freshwrapp, Everlast, and, Al plant. The companys product range includes primary aluminium ingots, billets, wire rods, rolled products, extrusions, and foils and alloy wheels.To enhance its capacities, the company had under taken Brownfield expansions, leading to smelting capacity of 1,46,000 tpa, an alumina refining capacity of 4,50, 0000 tones, and captive power generation of 167.5MW.

The company further enhanced the smelter capacity of 4, 29,140MT and alumina refinery to 7, 00,000 tones, by streamlining to eliminate bottlenecks and installation of balancing equipment, including another co- generation plant. This has facilitated optimization of expand facilities and, more importantly, has been achieved within the original budget.Besides being a dominant player in the Indian aluminium market, Hindalcos products are well accepted in international markets. The companys metal is accepted for delivery under the high grade aluminium contract on the LME (London Metal Exchange). The companys export efforts have led to its reorganization as a Star Trading House.Hindalco is an ISO 9001 company, and has been awarded the ISO 14001certification for its entire operations at Renukoot and Silvassa, including its power plant and mines. It has received several awards from the export promotion council as well as the government of India. With the completition of on going Brownfield expansion, Hindalco will further consolidate its domestic market leadership, and reach out to international markets in larger measure.COPPER Birla copper enjoys leadership position in India, having built up-------percent domestic market share with in three years of commissioning. It has also made successful forays into the export markets of the Middle East, South East Asia, china Korea and Taiwan. Birla copper has a mega green field copper smelting and refining complex at dahej in the bharuch district of Gujarat, India. With an investment of Rs 1,850. Crore, it is largest of its kind in India. The plant produces world- class copper cathodes, continues cast copper rods and precious metals. Sulphuric acids, phosphoric acid, di-

ammonium phosphate, other phosphatic fertilizers and phospho- gypsum are also produced at this plant .Birla copper aspires to be among the worlds foremost cost competitive producers of cooper. To reach this goal, it had under taken a brown field expansion raising its smelter capacity from 65,000 tones per annum to 146000 tones per annum. The copper division is evaluating a further expansion as well, so as to rank among the top 10percent of cost competitive producer globally.To make birla copper an integrated producer of copper, the company believes that upstream expansion through ownership in mines is important for a smelter of its size. As a first step in this direction, birla copper acquired the nifty copper mines in Australia. Nifty currently has a capacity of 25000 tones per year of copper cathodes, with a large underdeveloped copper sulphide.

PRODUCTION PROFILEPRODUCTION PROCESSEXTRACTION OF ALUMINA FROM BAUXITEEXTRACTION ALUMINIUM FROM ALUMINA

PRODUCTION PROCESSThe aluminum production process can be categorized into up stream and down stream activities. The upstream process involves meaning and refining bauxite to alumina while the downstream process involves smelting and casting and fabricating.Hindalco refines bauxite primarily obtained from captive mines, to extract alumina, which is smelted into alumina ingots or billets. Hindalco smelts its entire production of alumina into aluminum and does not engage in alumina trade.Production of aluminum can be categories in two stages, namely From bauxite to alumina From alumina to aluminum EXTRACTION OF ALUMINA FROM BAUXITEAlumina is manufactured by conventional bayers process i.e. treating bauxite with caustic soda. Bauxite is brought to the site from mines by means of railways wagon tippler. Primary crushing is done in cone crusher where bauxite size is reduced form 8- 12 to 3 - 4 and then stockpiled. Secondary crushing is done by means of hammer mills where process liquor known as a spent liquor and 600 psig. Seam is mixed together. This solution of alumina from bauxite into caustic solution in the form of sodium aluminates is carried out of digesters at 240 degrees centigrade temperature and 36-kg/sq.cm pressures. The digested slurry is placed flashed and brought to atmosphere pressure; flashed vapors are utilized for pre heating the spent liquor and condensed returned to boiler hose for generation of steam. Digested flashed slurry is pumped to clarification area for removal of solid Impurities (red mud). Red mud is separated out, in solid liquid hydrocyclon and stellar. Separated mud slurry is washed in counter current and washing Circuit without using water. Washed mud slurry is cauterized by treating with lime slurry to recover soda. Cauterized mud slurry is filtered on drum filters. Filtrate liquor is taken back into the system and red mud cake is disposed off by means of dumpers Settler overflow pregnant liquor is filtered in Kelly presses to remove fine mud particles. Clear pregnant liquor is pumped to precipitators through plate heat exchanges after exchanging heat with the spent liquor where it is seeded with alumina trihydrate. Alumina trihydrate is separated out in thickness and pan filter. Alumina trihydrate cake thus obtained is fed into the gas suspension calciner where furnace oil is burnt for calcining alumina. The reduction grade alumina thus produced is transported to smelter plant.Spent liquor generated and separated from precipitation circuit is fed to the evaporation unit for increasing caustic concentration to the desired level and recirculated to digesters through heaters for further processing of bauxite and thus the process goes on. EXTRACTION OF ALUMINUM FROM ALUMINA Alumina from alumina plant is conveyed to the reduction plant. The reduction plant has 11 prebaked pot lines which have 1278 pot cells. Each pot has 24/26 carbon anodes and it is lined with carbon cathode. Alumina is converted to metallic aluminum is these pot cells by the standard hall heroult process. The pot cells work at an average 4.3-volt D. C. current of 5800/6300 amperes. Electrolysis of the alumina takes place in molten bath of cryolte at a temperature of 955 to 960 degrees centigrade. The molten aluminum that collects at the cathodes is siphoned into crucibles periodically. The entire process is controlled by microprocessor system.

PRODUCT PROFILEPRODUCT OVERVIEWALUMINIUMCOPPERPRIMARY ALUMINIUM PRODUCTSINTEGRATED OPERATION OF HINDALCOPRODUCTION CAPACITY

PRODUCT OVERVIEWHindalco operations are organized into two strategic business units- aluminum and copper. The company is an industry leader in both these businesses.ALUMINUMHindalcos Aluminum business comprises primary aluminum, extrusions, rolled products, foils and alloy wheels. In the value-added segment, hindalco, along with its subsidiary Indal, has a 50 percent market share. In the past year, hindalco has launched several brands Aura, Freshwrapp, Everlast, Permashield, and, Al Planet. COPPERBIRLA copper, with an over 45 per cent market share, is India leading copper producer in private sector. Its plant at dahej in Gujarat, produces world class copper cathodes, continuous cast copper rods and precious metals. A part form copper products, euphoric acid, phosphoric acid, di-ammonium phosphate, other phosphates fertilizers and phosphor gypsum are also produced at this plant.PRIMARY ALUMINIUM PRODUCTS INGOTS:

Is an LME (London Metal Exchange) registered brand. These are also known as virgin metal. These are used as raw material for making aluminium product. ROUND BILLETS: These are use for making extrusion. CAST SLABS: Slabs are used input in Hot Rolling Mill, which is converted into thinner sheets, plates or coils.SEMI FABRICATED PRODUCTS:Hindalco produces 900 different rolled product items of which 40 are standard. HOT ROLLED PRODUCTS: These are the product which are used after the process of hot rolling according to their specification and requirements, these products are as follows:1. Hot rolled plates electrical application2. Hot rolled wire. cold rolled product.(plane sheets)(Cold rolled coil)3. Circle4. checkered sheet5. alkaloid sheets.EXTRUSIONSHindalco extrusions offer an enormous range of shapes, wide range of alloys for decorative, structural and functional application. The present die catalogue included over one thousand die for various sections and we are fuy equipped to design and make new die as per exclusive requirement. Some of the common shapes are as follows: ROD, BAR-Flat, Square, Hexagonal STRUCTURAL SHAPES-Angles, Channels, Tee, I-beans, H sections etc. TUBES-Round, Oval, Square, Rectangular, Triangular MOUDINGSFOIL Cable Rape stock Light Gauge Foil Bare & Coated Fine stock Collapsible insulation DuctsALLOY WHEELS 12 to 18 inch diameters.OTHERS: The main by products of the process included VANADIUM SLUDGE GALLIUMINTEGRATED OPERATION OF HINDALCO

BAUXITE MINESALUMINA REFINARYALUMINIUM SMELTERSEMIFABRICATION PLANT ROLLING MILL FOILSCASTIC SODA ALUMINIUM FLURIDE EXTRUSION PROCESSALUMINIUM WHEEL PLANTCO-GENERATIONRENUSAGAR POWER PLANTREDRAW ROD MILLS

PRODUCTION CAPACITYALUMINACAPACITY 12, 30,000TPA RENUKOOT 700,000TPA BELGAUM 350,000TPA MURI 180,000TPASMELTER (PRIMARY ALUMINIUM)CAPACITY 5, 59,000TPA RENUKOOT 375,000TPA HIRAKUND 1,43,000TPA ALPURAM 14,000TPA TALOJA 25000TPA BELGUAUM 2000TPAROLLED PRODUCTSCAPACITY 2, 37,000TPA RENUKOOT 100,000TPA BELUR 57,000TPA TALOJA 50,000TPA MOUDA 30,000TPAFOILCAPACITY 40,000TPA SILVASA 30,000TPA KALWA 6,000TPA KOLLAR 4,000TPAEXTRUSIONSCAPACITY 46,000TPA RENUKOOT 33,000TPA ALPURAM 13,000TPA ALLOY WHEELSCAPACITY 3,00,000 pcs. PA SILVASA 3,00,000 pcs.CAPATIVE POWER CAPACITY 1188MW RENUSAGAR 742MW RENUKOOT 78MW HIRAKUD 368MW

Organizational Profile of Hindalco Industries LimitedHindalco Industries Limited, a Non-ferrous Metal powerhouse, is the flagship company of the Aditya Birla Group.Hindalco is one of Indias producers of Aluminium. The company was incorporated on December 15, 1958 and commenced production in 1962 with an initial smelting capacity of 20,000 TPA. The company has sales and distribution network that covers all of India and includes five sales offices located in Mumbai, New Delhi, Bangalore, Chennai and Renukoot.In India Hindalco enjoys a leadership position in Aluminium and Copper. All of the Hindalcos units are ISO 9001:2000, ISO 14001:2004 and several have attained the OHSAS 18001 the occupational health and safety certification. On the export front, the company has been accorded a Trading House status by the Indian government.Both in Aluminium and Copper, Hindalco is the largest Company in India. The companys Aluminium product range includes Primary Aluminium Ingots, Billets, Rolling Slabs, Redraw Roads, Alloy Wire Rods, Flat Rolled Products, Extruded Profiles, Foils and Alloy Wheels.Hindalco is the largest manufacturer of the entire range of flat rolled products in India. Hindalcos domestic market share in Flat Rolled Products is nearly 60% and its rolled products are widely used in various segments such as packaging, transportation, building and construction, electrical, defense and general engineering applications. Hindalco is registered as a star Trading House. About 35% of Flat Rolled Products are exported to more than 50 countries.The company's commitment to quality and service along with its extensive infrastructure has made Hindalco a prime source for best-selling brands. Continuous improvements in manufacturing, processes, practices and systems ensure that customers' needs and expectations are fully met. Efficiency and product quality are ensured by using state-of-the-art equipment and a strong research and development set-up, supported by dedicated and motivated employees and the Oracle ERP system.Wag staff Air Slip slab casting technology is used to ensure consistent quality and surface finish of stock feed, which in turn ensures quality, finished products. The company's capacity in flat rolled products at present is 2,30,000 tonne per annum and new plans are being implemented to increase the manufacturing capacity Of the total production of Hindalco's flat rolled products, around 40 per cent is exported and customers in more than 50 countries are using the products.Ever last, a Hindalco brand for aluminium-roofing sheets, offers ideal and economical solutions for all roofing and cladding needs. Hindalco also offers colour-coated and tiled roofing profiles.Hindalco is one of Asia's largest producers of primary aluminium and one of the most cost-efficient producers globally. In India, Hindalco enjoys a leadership position in specialty alumina, primary aluminium and downstream productsThe company's integrated complex at Renukoot houses an alumina refinery, aluminium smelter and facilities for production of semi-fabricated products. Power is sourced from the company's captive power plant at Renusagar, located at a distance of about 45 km from Renukoot. It has a captive capacity of 820.2 mw. Besides the integrated complex at Renukoot, Hindalco's other manufacturing facilities are situated at locations across the country. While the captive bauxite mines are located in western and eastern India, the alumina refineries are located in Belgaum in southern India and Muri in eastern India.Smelters are located at Hirakud, Orissa, with a captive power plant and coal mines, and at Alupuram, Kerala. Rolled product manufacturing facilities are located at Belur and Taloja, and an extrusion plant is situated at Alupuram. Foil plants are based in the Union Territory of Silvassa and in Kalwa, Maharashtra. The foil plant at Kollur, Andhra Pradesh is the only remaining entity with the erstwhile Indal after the merger of Indal with Hindalco. The wheel plant of Hindalco is also located at Silvassa.The company has two R&D centres: the Belgaum Research and Development Centre in Belgaum, Karnataka and Taloja Research and Development Centre in Taloja, Maharashtra. They have been recognized by the Government of India's Department of Scientific and Industrial Research (DSIR).Hindalco is a leading domestic player in two non-ferrous metals business segments- Aluminium and Copper. The Aluminium division's product range includes alumina chemicals, primary Aluminium ingots and billets, wire rods, rolled products, extrusions, foils and alloy wheels. The company has a significant market share in all the segments in which it operates. It enjoys a domestic market share of 42 per cent in primary aluminium, 63 per cent in rolled products, 20 per cent in extrusions, 44 per cent in foils and 31 per cent in wheels.As a step towards expanding the market for value-added products and services, Hindalco has launched several brands in recent years, which include Aura for alloy wheels, Freshwrapp for kitchen foil and Ever last for roofing sheets. Our exclusive showroom, The Aluminium Gallery, seeks to promote Hindalco products to its customers. It is a platform for the company to showcase quality products to a quality audience in an appropriate ambience. The exhibits include products like windows, doors, furniture, ladder, roofing sheets and ceiling and cladding panels. Hindalco's products are well received not only in the domestic market, but also in the international market. The company's metal is accepted for delivery under the high-grade aluminium contract on the London Metal Exchange (LME). The company exports about 17% of its total sales volume of Aluminium.The company's alumina chemical business is a leader in manufacturing and marketing of speciality alumina and alumina hydrate products in the country. It has a market share of 90 per cent in the country. These speciality products find wide usage in diversified industries including water treatment chemicals, refractories, ceramics, cryolite, glass, fillers and plastics, conveyor belts and cables, among others. The company also exports these alumina chemicals to over 30 countries covering North America, Western Europe and the Asian region. Birla Copper, Hindalco's copper division at Dahej in Gujarat, enjoys a leadership position in India, having built over 40 per cent of the domestic market share within three years of its commissioning. It has also made successful forays into the export markets of the Middle East, Southeast Asia, China, Korea and Taiwan. The copper plant produces world-class copper cathodes, continuous cast copper rods and precious metals. Sulphuric acid, phosphoric acid, di-ammonium phosphate, other phosphatic fertilizers and phospho-gypsum are also produced at this plant.Products and Brands of HINDALCO Key Products and BrandsLocationsCapacitiesCountry

Hindalco Industries Ltd.

Alumina ChemicalsRenukoot (Uttar Pradesh), Muri (Jharkhand), Belgaum (Karnataka)1,160,000 tpaIndia

Primary AluminiumRenukoot, Hirakud (Orissa), Taloja489,000 tpa

ExtrusionsRenukoot, Alupuram 27,700 tpa

Rolled Products Belur (West Bengal), Taloja (Maharashtra), Renukoot, Mauda (Maharashtra)200,000 tpa

Wire RodsRenukoot, Alupuram (Kerala)64,400 tpa

Aluminium Foil Silvassa (Dadra & Nagar Haveli), Kalwa (Maharashtra)11,000 tpa

Aluminium WheelsSilvassa (Dadra & Nagar Haveli)300,000 pcs

For Taloja recycling plant

Indal (subsidiary of Hindalco)

Foil Rolling Kollur (Andhra Pradesh)4,000 tpa

Key Products and BrandsLocationsCapacitiesCountry

Birla Copper (Hindalco Industries Ltd.)

Copper Cathodes Dahej (Gujarat)500,000 tpaIndia

Continuous Cast Copper Rods 97,200 tpa

Sulphuric Acid 1,670,000 tpa

Phosphoric Acid180,000 tpa

Gold (Birla Gold) 15 mt

Silver (Birla Silver) 150 mt

Power135 mw

DAP and Complexes (Birla Balwan)400,000 tpa

Hindalco Industries Ltd. (Aditya Birla Minerals Resources Pty. Ltd.)

Copper Cathodes Nifty mines 25,000 tpaAustralia

Copper in concentrateMt. Gordon mines40,000 tpaAustralia

Power Mt. Gordon mines28 mwAustralia

Key Products and BrandsCapacitiesCountry

Aditya Birla Nuvo Ltd (Hi-Tech Carbon)

Carbon BlackBirla Carbon2,30,000 mtpaIndia

Thai Carbon Black Co. Ltd.

Carbon BlackBirla Carbon220,000 mtpaThailand

Alexandria Carbon Co. S.A.E

Carbon BlackBirla Carbon285,000 mtpaEgypt

Liaoning Birla Carbon Co. Ltd.

Carbon BlackBirla Carbon55,000 mtpa China

Key Products and BrandsCapacitiesCountry

Grasim Industries Ltd.

White Cement Birla White475,000 tpaIndia

Grey CementUltraTech Cement (formerly Birla Plus), Birla Super13.12 mn tpa

Shree Digvijay

Grey Cement Kamal1.08 mn tpa

UltraTech Cement Ltd.

Ordinary Portland Cement, Portland Blast Furnace Slag Cement, Portland Pozzolana Cement and Grey Portland Cement17 mn tpa

Key Products and BrandsCapacitiesCountry

Indo Gulf Fertilizers Ltd.

UreaBirla Shaktiman864,600 mtIndia

Birla Copper (Hindalco Industries Ltd.)

DAP/NPK ComplexesBirla Balwan400,000 tpaIndia

Key Products and BrandsCapacitiesCountry

Aditya Birla Insulators

Insulators38,800 tpaIndia

Key Products and BrandsCapacitiesCountry

Pulp

Grasim Industries Ltd.

Rayon Grade Pulp70,000 tpaIndia

AV Cell Inc.

Softwood / Hardwood Pulp122,500 tpaCanada

AV Nackawic Inc.

Dissolving Pulp 189,000 tpaCanada

Fibre

Grasim Industries Ltd.

Viscose Staple Fibre (VSF)Birla Viscose270,100 tpaIndia

Thai Rayon Public Company Ltd.

VSFBirla Viscose110,000 tpaThailand

PT Indo Bharat Rayon

VSFBirla Viscose155,000 tpaIndonesia

Thai Acrylic Fibre

Acrylic FibreTexlan100,000 tpaThailand

Alexandria Fiber Company, S.A.E

Acrylic Fibre 18,000 tpaEgypt

Yarn

Aditya Birla Nuvo Ltd.

Viscose Filament YarnRay One16,400 tpaIndia

Aditya Birla Nuvo Ltd. (Jaya Shree Textiles)

Flax Yarns15,340 spindlesIndia

Worsted Yarns25,548 spindles

PT Indo Liberty Textiles

Rayon Yarn, Polyester, Blended Yarn 45,120 ring spindlesIndonesia

PT Elegant Textile Industry

Rayon, Polyester, Rayon-Polyester Blended Spun Yarn168,088 spindlesIndonesia

PT Sunrise Bumi Textiles

Viscose Rayon, Polyester Viscose, Spun Polyester, Polyester Combed Cotton, Anti Pill Yarn, Sewing Thread, High Twist Yarn, Reverse Twist Yarn, Flame Retardant Yarn, Rayon Cotton Blended Yarn, Micro Denier Polyester Rayon Yarn, Rayon Silk Yarn, Slub Yarn, Lycra Core Spun Yarn89,376 spindlesIndonesia

Indo Phil Acrylic Manufacturing Corporation

High Bulk Acrylic Dyed Yarn, Non-bulk Acrylic Dyed Yarn3,700 mtpaPhilippines

Indo Phil Textiles Mills Inc

Poly Viscose Blended Yarn, Poly Cotton Blended Yarn, Polyester Yarn13,500 mtpaPhilippines

Indo Phil Cotton Mills Inc

Cotton Yarn10,000 mtpaPhilippines

Indo Thai Synthetics Co. Ltd.

Synthetic Yarns98,568 spindlesThailand

Fabrics

Grasim Industries Ltd.

Fabric -Polyester, Viscose, Silk and Wool Blends146 loomsIndia

Uncrushables, Ice Touch, Purista, and Clean Fab18 million meters

Aditya Birla Nuvo Ltd.

Pure Linen and Linen BlendsLinen Club107 loomsIndia

Flame Retardent FabricsPyroguard

Branded apparel

Aditya Birla Nuvo Ltd. (Madura Garments)

Ready-to-wear GarmentsLouis Philippe,Allen SollyVan Heusen, Peter EnglandIndia

Key Products and BrandsCapacitiesCountry

Grasim Industries Ltd. (Vikram Ispat)

Sponge Iron (HBI & DRI) 900,000 tpaIndia

Key Products and BrandsCapacitiesCountry

Essel Mining & Industries Ltd

Iron and Manganese ore15 million tonsIndia

Key Products and BrandsCapacitiesCountry

Grasim Industries Ltd.

Caustic Soda 258,000 tpaIndia

Aditya Birla Nuvo Ltd.

Caustic Soda 82,125 tpa India

Liquid Chlorine50,340 tpa

Hydrochloric Acid5,475 tpa

Tanfac Industries Ltd.

Aluminium Fluoride 17,000 tpaIndia

Hydrofluoric Acid17,000 tpa

Bihar Caustic and Chemicals Ltd.

Caustic Soda Lye92,750 mtIndia

Liquid Chlorine65,785 mt

Hydrochloric Acid29,040 mt

Sodium Hypochlorite1,800 mt

Compressed Hydrogen17,42,400 nm3

Aluminium Chloride12000 tpa

Captive Power Plant30 mw

Aditya Birla Chemicals (Thailand) Ltd.

Sodium Triployphosphates,Tetrasodium Pyrophosphate,sodium Hexametaphosphate,Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate,Monosodium Phosphate,Disodium Phosphate,Trisodium Phosphate, Speciality Phosphates

Epoxy Resins (bis-a and bis-f), Diluents, Curing Agents and Allied Products

Sodium Sulphite, Sodium Metabisulphite,Sodium Bisulphite Epichlorohydrin Caustic Soda ChlorinePolyphos EpotecBirlasulf-SS,Birlasulf-SM,Birlasol 35Thailand

Thai Peroxide Co. Ltd.

Hydrogen Peroxide, Peracetic Acid, Calcium PeroxideEncare, Ecare, Aqua-x, Birlox 5, Birlox 12, Ocare15,000 mtpaThailand

PT. Indo Raya Kimia

Carbon Disulfide50,000 tpaIndonesia

Key Products and BrandsCapacitiesCountry

Pan Century Surfactants Inc.

Fatty Acids 55000 mtpaPhilippines

Fatty Alcohol30000 mtpa

Glycerin6500 mtpa

Key Products and BrandsCapacitiesCountry

PSI Data Systems Ltd. (subsidiary of Aditya Birla Nuvo Ltd.)

IT Solutions (Banking, Finance and Insurance)India

Key Products and BrandsCapacitiesCountry

Aditya Birla Minacs Worldwide Limited (subsidiary of Aditya Birla Nuvo Ltd.)

BPO / ITES9,089 seatsIndia

Key Products and BrandsCapacitiesCountry

Birla Global Finance Company Ltd.

Financial ServicesIndia

Birla Sun Life Insurance Company Ltd.

Insurance Solutions India

Birla Sun Life Asset Management Company Ltd.

Mutual FundsIndia

Birla Sun Life Distribution Company Ltd.

Investment Planning ServicesIndia

Birla Insurance Advisory Services Ltd.

Non-life Insurance Advisory ServicesIndia

Key Products and BrandsCapacitiesCountry

Idea Cellular

Cellular Services Idea21 million subscriber baseIndia

Key Products and BrandsCapacitiesCountry

Aditya Birla Retail Limited

Multi-format StoresMore170 retail outlets India

Sources: Through the website www.hindalco.com/www.adityabirla.comHindalco Product Range 1) - 2) - 3) - 4) - 5) -

Primary Aluminium Alloy ingots Billets Slab Aluminium sheet Ingots 6) - 7) - 8) - 9) - 10) -

Wire rods sheet Circle Alloy Wheel Watch Blister Pack 11) - 12) - 13) - 14)-

Ladder Door Handle Can Hindalco Products Everlast aluminium roofing sheets Freshwrapp aluminium foil Freshpakk semi-rigid containers Permashield waterproofing Aluminium foil Aura alloy wheels Hindalco extrusions

FLAT ROLLED PRODUCTS (FRPs) Of HINDALCO

Hindalco is now world No.1 in aluminium flat rolled products

Hindalco is the world's largest aluminium rolling company with the acquisition of Novelis, the global leader in value-added high-end aluminium flat rolled products and aluminium can recycling. The combined volume of sales of flat rolled products in the world market is about 3 million tonnes and the market share is more than 20 percent. Hindalco is the largest manufacturer of the entire range of flat rolled products in India. It enjoys nearly 60 per cent of market share and its rolled products are widely used in various segments such as packaging, transportation, building and construction, electrical, defence and general engineering applications.The company's commitment to quality and service along with its extensive infrastructure has made Hindalco a prime source for best-selling brands. Continuous improvements in manufacturing, processes, practices and systems ensure that customers' needs and expectations are fully met. Efficiency and product quality are ensured by using state-of-the-art equipment and a strong research and development set-up, supported by dedicated and motivated employees and the Oracle ERP system. Wagstaff Air Slip slab casting technology is used to ensure consistent quality and surface finish of stock feed which in turn ensures quality finished products. The company's capacity in flat rolled products at present is 2, 00,000 tonnes per annum and new plans are being implemented to increase the manufacturing capacity.

Of the total production of Hindalco's flat rolled products, around 40 per cent is exported and customers in more than 50 countries are using the products.Everlast, a Hindalco brand for aluminium roofing sheets, offers ideal and economical solutions for all roofing and cladding needs. Colour-coated and tiled roofing profiles are also offered by Hindalco.Types of Flat Rolled Products (Export)Basically, there are three kinds of Flat Rolled Products (FRPs) which is being exported by Hindalco i.e.1. Cold rolled Coils2. Cold rolled Sheets3. CirclesCold Rolled Coils

Hindalco's cold rolled coils are precision-finished to match international standards. They have good shape, high tolerance, versatility and blemish-free surfaces. They are used in commercial and general engineering applications such as bus bodies, cladding and fan blades.The company meets the demands of its ever-growing clientele with continuous upgrades and process improvement.Cold Rolled Sheets

Hindalco's cold rolled sheets are precision-finished to match international standards for tight thickness, tolerance, flatness and dimensional accuracy. Sound metallurgical properties for further fabrication, anodizing characteristics and a blemish-free surface make it useful in both commercial and general engineering applications.CirclesHindalco offers circles, also known as flat circular sheets, in a variety of diameters and thickness to meet specific needs. Extensively used in the manufacture of pressure cookers, non-stick cookware, coated cookware, cans, etc they have earned the trust of many leading brands.Continuous upgrades and improvement of processes enable the company to keep pace with the demands of its ever-growing clientele.

Major Aluminium Producer Industries in India.

CompanyOwnershipLocationCapacity

HindalcoAB GroupRenukootAlpuramHirakudBelgaum345,00014,00065,00031,000

NALCOPublic Sect.Angul345,000

BALCOSterlightKorba350,000

MALCOSterlightMettur40,000

EXTRUSIONS CAPACITY, PRODUCTION & DEMAND 1991-2020(MT)

Particulars91-9299-0003-0420102020

Capacity122000190000202000202000400000

Production61000109000132000188000370000

Domestic Demand60000105000117000166000325000

ExportNil4000150002200045000

Excess Capacity6200081000700001400030000

Product segment of Hindalco

World Consumption & Consumption growth%

What is International Marketing?International marketing is simply the application of marketing principles to more than one country. However, there is a crossover between what is commonly expressed as international marketing and global marketing, which is a similar term. For the purposes of this lesson on international marketing and those that follow it, international marketing and global marketing are interchangeable.The intersection is the result of the process of internationalisation. Many American and European authors see international marketing as a simple extension of exporting, whereby the marketing mix is simply adapted in some way to take into account differences in consumers and segments. It then follows that global marketing takes a more standardized approach to world markets and focuses upon sameness, in other words the similarities in consumers and segments.At its simplest level, international marketing involves the firm in making one or more marketing mix decisions across national boundaries. At its most complex level, it involves the firm in establishing manufacturing facilities overseas and coordinating marketing strategies across the globe. Doole and Lowe (2001)International Marketing is the performance of business activities that direct the flow of a company's goods and services to consumers or users in more than one nation for a profit. International marketing is the application of marketing orientation and marketing capabilities to international business.If the exporting departments are becoming successful but the costs of doing business from headquarters plus time differences, language barriers, and cultural ignorance are hindering the companys competitiveness in the foreign market, then offices could be built in the foreign countries. Sometimes companies buy firms in the foreign countries to take advantage of relationships, storefronts, factories, and personnel already in place. These offices still report to headquarters in the home market but most of the marketing mix decisions are made in the individual countries since that staff is the most knowledgeable about the target markets. Local product development is based on the needs of local customers. These marketers are considered polycentric because they acknowledge that each market/country has different needs.What is Global Marketing?Global marketing refers to marketing activities coordinated and integrated across multiple country markets. Johansson (2000)Global/transnational marketing focuses upon leveraging a company's assets, experience and products globally and upon adapting to what is truly unique and different in each country.The Oxford University Press defines global marketing as marketing on a worldwide scale reconciling or taking commercial advantage of global operational differences, similarities and opportunities in order to meet global objectives.When a company becomes a global marketer, it views the world as one market and creates products that will only require weeks to fit into any regional marketplace. Marketing decisions are made by consulting with marketers in all the countries that will be affected. The goal is to sell the same thing the same way everywhere.Global marketing: Advantages and DisadvantagesAdvantages Economies of scale in production and distribution Lower marketing costs Power and scope Consistency in brand image Ability to leverage good ideas quickly and efficiently Uniformity of marketing practices Helps to establish relationships outside of the "political arena" Helps to encourage ancillary industries to be set up to cater for the needs of the global playerDisadvantages Differences in consumer needs, wants, and usage patterns for products Differences in consumer response to marketing mix elements Differences in brand and product development and the competitive environment Differences in the legal environment, some of which may conflict with those of the home market Differences in the institutions available, some of which may call for the creation Differences in the institutions available, some of which may call for the creation of entirely new ones Differences in administrative procedures Differences in product placement. What is Export?Export is the provision of goods, services or knowledge across national and international boundaries.Australia offers a wide range of goods and services to the world's markets. Export products include manufactures, computer software, business consultancies, education services and technology transfer. Exporting of goods from Australia is controlled by laws and government policies. Goods may not be exported unless all the necessary export permits have been obtained from the relevant agency. The federal, state and territory governments provide a wide range of services to new exporters including advice and information about getting into exporting and assistance on the ground in foreign markets.Types of ExportExport is divided into two main types: direct and indirect exportsDirect exportsDirect exports are transactions where exporters enter into direct relationships with importers overseas and negotiate a contract for the sale of goods and services. Alternatively, exporters may use a commission agent in the overseas market to solicit orders and generally represent the exporter's interests. The agent is paid by means of a commission on the value of orders obtained.Indirect exportsIndirect exports are transactions arranged in Australia through local merchants or the Australian-based branch of an overseas company. Sales are negotiated with a trader in the exporter's country with payment made in local currency from the trader's office. For example,a Japanese trading house in Victoria arranges the contract for the supply of a particular product for the Japanese market. In such cases, payment will probably be made in Australian dollars. The Benefits of ExportThe benefits of exportingproducts and/or services include:Development of Additional SalesFor most companies, exporting is a logical way of expanding sales when the domestic market has been fully developed.Optimizing PricesWe may be able to achieve a much higher price for exported goods than is possible on the domestic market.Maximizing ResourcesExpansion into overseas markets can be an excellent way of increasing production with corresponding economies of scale in plant utilization and raw material purchases.Levelling Seasonal DemandMarketing internationally, especially in both northern and southern hemispheres, can achieve an overall levelling of seasonal demand for products like summer and winter clothing, sports equipment, heating and cooling equipment etc.Distribution of Market RiskA company can protect itself from the risk of a downturn in any one particular market by operating in a number of different markets, both domestic and overseas.Increased Competitive AdvantageAn improvement in product and service will usually flow from exposure to international competition. This in turn will lead to an increased competitive advantage in both the international and domestic areas.Improved MoraleBeing part of an internationally successful company will boost staff morale, particularly if the contribution of all staff members is recognized as an integral part of the company's international success.Capitalization of A Unique Product or TechnologyA unique product, service or technology that's difficult to sell on the domestic market may be easier to sell overseas.A Proactive Measure to Combat Foreign CompetitionIt's possible to neutralize overseas competitors in the domestic market by exporting to the overseas competitor's market.The Risks From ExportIt is not possible to eliminate risk from export transactions. The development of export markets must be regarded as a long-term investment and companies should not expect an immediate return on the time and capital they invest. Banks, accountants, export consultants and government agencies can advise on ways of minimizing financial risks and exporters are encouraged to use external advice to supplement their own skill base.A risk management strategy developed as part of exporter export business plan will help identify risks to your export business and provide a strategy to minimise and handle those risks should they occur.There are a number of different types of risks that exporter should consider, including: Financial Intellectual property Increased insurance claims Inadequate resources Financial risks A. Failure to Pay Be aware that there's a series of international payment terms ranging from totally secure (exporter paid before goods are dispatched) to minimum security (exporter send the goods and wait for payment). Which particular term is used is negotiable between the buyer and seller when entering into a contract.B. Cash Flow Export will have a significant effect on the cash flow cycle of exporter business. It's not always possible to negotiate payment in advance of or immediately after shipment. This may lead to a considerable delay in receiving payment for goods and result in a cash flow problem. Alternatively, if favourable terms are available, export can have a very positive effect on the cash flow cycle.C. Foreign Currency RiskIf export contracts are written in foreign currencies, fluctuations in rates of exchange can result in financial loss. This risk can be avoided by quoting in Australian dollars or, if this isn't acceptable to the overseas buyer, by taking forward exchange cover with the bank.D. Inadequate Working Capital Exporters may need additional working capital to purchase the raw materials and other components they require to produce goods for export. Access to adequate pre-shipment finance is crucial to export success. There are risks involved in over-borrowing and firms must ensure that they can fully service the additional borrowings export may entail. Intellectual PropertyInexperienced exporters are vulnerable to the risk of losing intellectual property. The legal systems in some countries do not afford the same level of protection for intellectual property rights, as does the Australian system.The cost of patenting a product or registering a trademark internationally can be substantial, as can the defence of patents or trademarks if they are infringed. Exporters should also ensure that their product does not infringe the intellectual property rights of other companies already operating in the marketplace. Increased Insurance ClaimsTransport over long distances with repeated handling can increase the risk of cargo damage. Freight forwarders can advise on the best methods of packing and transport to prevent damage and reduce the risk of claims. Unethical trading partners may use spurious claims to achieve a discount on price. In such circumstances it is advisable to obtain inspection certificates from cargo surveyors to prove quality standards at the point of loading. Given the increasing trend toward litigation, exporters are now more vulnerable to product liability claims in the overseas market. Exporters must consider the difficulty of obtaining adequate product liability insurance and the cost of such cover.It is also important to consider the warranty, continuing technical update of products, spare parts supplies, servicing of equipment etc that may be required to support export sales. All these factors will affect the ongoing market acceptance of the product or service and its price in the market place. Inadequate Resources A business seeking to enter the international marketplace must ensure that it has adequate resources, including raw materials, components and human and financial resources to meet the export requirement. If these resources aren't available and part of the export work needs to be subcontracted, the business runs the risk of losing control of quality or of spending time and money on constant supervision.Why we should Export?There are many reasons for a country to export, some of these are: It provides valuable foreign exchange to country. It is one of the measures of countrys economic growth. To control over balance of payments. For employment generation. For poverty alleviation. It provides shield against demand fluctuations in domestic market. For import of capital goods at 0% duty. Prepares ourselves for duty free regime. For capacity utilization. To get the working capital loan at low rate of interest. In line with companys & countrys image.How to Export? Golden Rule: In order to be successful in exporting one must fully research its markets. No one should ever try to tackle every market at once. Many enthusiastic persons bitten by the export bug fail because they bite off more than they can chew. Overseas design and product requirements must be carefully considered.Always sell as close to the market as possible. The fewer intermediaries one has the better, because every intermediary needs some percentage for his share in his business, which means less profit for the exporter and higher prices for the customer. All goods for export must be efficiently produced. They must be produced with due regard to the needs of export markets. It is no use trying to sell windows which open outwards in a country where, traditionally, windows open inwards.Sell Experience: If a person cannot easily export his goods, may be he can sell his experience. Alternatively, he can concentrate on supplying goods and materials to exporters' who already have established an export trade. He can concentrate on making what are termed 'own brand' products, much demanded by buyers in overseas markets which have the manufacturing know-how or facilities.Selling in Export: In today's competitive world, everyone has to be sold. The customer always has a choice of suppliers. Selling is an honorable profession, and you have to be an expert salesman.On-Time Deliveries: Late deliveries are not always an exporters fault. Dock strikes, go-slows, etc. occur almost everywhere in the world. If one enters into export for the first time, he must ensure of fast and efficient delivery of the promised consignment.Communication: Communication internal and external must be comprehensive and immediate. Good communication is vital in export. When you are in doubt, pick up the phone or email for immediate clarification.Testing Product: The risk of failure in export markets can be minimized by intelligent use of research. Before committing to a large-scale operation overseas, try out on a small scale. Use the sample test, and any mistakes can then be corrected without much harm having been done. While the test campaign may appear to cost more initially, remember that some of the cost will be repaid by sales, so that test marketing often turns out to be cheaper.Approach: If possible some indication of the attitudes towards the product should be established, like any sales operation. Even if the product is successful, to obtain reactions from the customer.Advantages of Export The income from export business is exempted to the specified extent under the Income Tax Act, 1961. Refund of central excise and custom duty on export is also made under the Duty Drawback Scheme of the Government. There is no sales tax on products meant for exports. Duty free import of raw materials is allowed under various schemes of Ministry of Commerce. Foreign exchange regulations have been substantially liberalized for exporters. Liberal release of foreign exchange is made available for travel abroad. Norms for establishing offices abroad by the exporters have been eased. Export credit is also available to the exporters at confessional rates of interest. Transport subsidy is given for export by air as well as rail. Import policy has also been liberalized substantially for export oriented importers. Process of Export ManagementThe process of export management is essentially the process of planning, scheduling and controlling the complex of non-routine activities that must be completed to secure the export orders and to ensure the timely shipment of goods. The managerial process involved in export management relates to the following three activities:1. Planning2. Scheduling, and3. PLANNINGSCHEDULINGCONTROLLINGControlling

Fig 1: Process of Export Management1. PlanningPlanning refers to taking various decisions involved in export business. This relates to procurement of export orders and their timely and successful execution. Planning for export order would involve making concerted efforts supported by proper market entry strategies to get the export order.2. SchedulingScheduling refers to deciding the logistics for execution of export order. This is primarily concerned with implementation and monitoring of export order. This involves defining in detail the various jobs/activities, the nature of those jobs/activities (parallel or sequential), expected time frame for completion of those jobs/activities and fixing responsibility for completion.3. ControllingIt seeks to ensure whether the activities planned have been completed on time or not and whether the various schedules drawn up for execution of those orders have been followed or not. A system of reporting should be developed and implemented in every export organization to ensure proper control of various activities involved in execution of export orders.EXPORT CYCLEThe various activities/stages involved in planning and execution of an export order are performed in a sequential manner. Therefore, the activities/stages are viewed as different links in the chain of a cycle called export cycle. The export cycle is divided into three phases:a. Planning for exportsb. Co-ordinationPlanning for ExportsPost-export follow-up actionImplementation & Monitoring of Export orderImplementation and monitoring of an export orderc. Post exports follow up action.

Fig. 2: Export CycleA. Planning for ExportsPlanning for exports involves the following activities namely,1. Understanding the international trade environment2. Setting up an export firm/organization structure3. Identification of export opportunities4. Procurement of export order, negotiation and confirmation.B. Implementation and Monitoring of Export OrderThis represents the second phase in the export cycle and involves the following activities:1. Development of logistics for execution of export order2. Export financing arranging pre-shipment finance3. Procurement of goods/supplies-domestic procurement and imports4. Labeling, packaging, packing and marking5. Pre-shipment inspection6. Export risks-identification, quantification and management7. Pre-shipment documentation8. Shipment of good-central excise and customs clearance and transportation9. Compliance with exchange control regulationsC. Post Export Follow-up ActionOnce the shipment of goods has been sent, export manager should take the necessary follow-up action. This would involve the following steps:1. Negotiation of documents with the bank to realize payment against the port shipment,2. Arranging post shipment finance3. Claiming incentives/facilities4. Maintaining liaison with the importer5. Settlement of disputes, if any.Export Marketing PlanAn export marketing plan is step-by-step guide to strategy implementation. It addresses strategic issues and outlines the corresponding operational action to be taken. It specifies targets for each step. The plan should answer all questions on how the export firms strategy is to be implemented and direct the enterprise in attaining the strategic objective.A typical export marketing plan focuses on the following aspects: Marketing objectives Market segmentation and positioning, Market research, Characteristics of the product line, Export pricing, Distribution channels, and Promotional strategies.Some Practical Suggestion The exporters should innovate new product designs, strategies and promotional policies to improve the level of exports. This helps them to make value rich offers that are better than the best. The exporter should aim at a Market Niche rather than at the mass market. Exporters should know the key buyers in the target market. Exporters should choose their markets carefully. The choice of market can make the difference between success and failure in exporting. Exporters should clarify their motives for exporting and set their objectives at the outset. They should know why they want to export and set their goals. Exporters should consider export market development a long-term investment. Sustained efforts are essential in export marketing. Planning and strategy development are essential for success in the long run in export trade. The export firm should have the requisite technical expertise, in addition to careful planning and suitable products. No enterprise should seek entry an export market until it is ready. Any attempt at exporting without experience in domestic marketing is bound to fail. The responsibility for the export effort should be assigned to a key staff member, usually known as export manager.Tips For Export Marketing1. Select the product and the target market on the basis of desk research even before considering exporting.2. Once a market has been decided upon, the entrepreneur should carry out in-depth study of the target market.3. The aim of the first visit to foreign market should not be to do business or looking for orders. Rather, the visit should be used to improve the preparation for entering the market.4. Evaluate all the information collected and then formulate a marketing strategy and develop a marketing plan.5. Gaining foothold in foreign markets can only be effective on a long term basis. Thus, the entrepreneur should have the strong financial base.6. The foreign buyers cant afford to loose face and credibility by deterioration in quality or alternatives to price and/or late deliveries. It is important to understand the requirement of the foreign buyers before marketing commitments.7. In exports, consumers are quality and price conscious in a market which enjoys large and varied supplies. Success or failure in business will depend upon understanding this sensitivity of the foreign buyer. The entrepreneur should adopt a consumer oriented approach to manufacturing and selling.8. International markets are trend sensitive. Designs frequently change and products may not remain in demand. It is therefore, necessary to be aware of this trend and efforts should be made to keep up-to-date with the market trends.9. Foreign markets, particularly in the developed countries, are often highly segmented into different age and income groups. The exporter should select the right market segment and accordingly position the product in the market. Market Entry Strategies: Location of ImportersThe main thrust of the market entry strategy should be to ensure long-term presence in the chosen export market. This would be possible only if long-term approach is followed to export marketing as this is the basic condition for success in the export business. There are four alternative strategies to penetrate the foreign market with a view to locating the importers for the export product(s). These strategies are as follows:1. Regular trade fair participation.2. Business promotion visits to foreign markets.3. Doing business through agents.4. Opening overseas offices.

1. Regular Trade Fair ParticipationParticipation in foreign trade fairs is one of the oldest forms of promotion of exports. Trade fairs provide an opportunity to the exporter to display their products to large number of buyers or their representatives who visit the fair. It offers tremendous facilities to bring across the message to a large number of buyers than perhaps any other trade promotional tool. (See Annexure) The objectives of trade fair participation are as follows: To introduce the concept of the products i.e., the basic theme of the products. To introduce the export firm in the foreign market. To introduce the brand of the product or increase the popularity of the existing brand. To conduct consumer research on the new product and test it in the market. To ensure customer loyalty. To look for prospective buyers.2. Business Promotion Visits to Foreign MarketsThe exporter should plan for to foreign market in order to build relationships and understandings with the foreign buyers. The planning for the business promotion trip can be divided into three stages:(i) Before the trip,(ii) During the trip, and (iii) After the trip(i)- Planning Before the TripAn exporter should identify the valid reasons to justify his visit to the foreign country. There could be number of reasons to visit the foreign market. Some of these are as follows: To study the latest trends in the market to explore the possibilities for new business opportunities. To find new buyers. To find and negotiate with market agents. To hold negotiations with the buyers to conclude the business deals. To locate new buyers. To launch a new product. To attend to the queries of the foreign buyers and solve their problems in the use of the product. To develop understanding the riles and regulations as regards tariff, fumigation, inspection, labeling, packaging, safety, public health and quality of the products.(ii)- During the Business Promotion Visit The exporter should observe the following guidelines on his arrival in the foreign country: He should inform the buyers regarding his arrival and reconfirm the appointments. The exporter should be on time for his meeting with the prospective buyer. It is important to remember that the punctuality is at a premium in all the developed countries. The exporter should take his notes during discussion with the importer. The exporter should find time to visit the market/chamber of commerce and the economic section of the Embassy of India to gain first hand information about the foreign market and the business practices.(iii)- After the Business Promotion VisitOnce the visit is over, the exporter should take up promptly the follow up action on the various points agreed with t