Exploring Spaceship Earth - pdf.geo-science.orgpdf.geo-science.org/quebec/ENFeb2016/kit 2 student workbook-feb8 … · Spaceship Earth (see vent). geological hazards: Extreme natural

Exploring Spaceship EarthKit 2: Rocks and minerals

Student workbook

Geoscience Kit for Quebec primary schoolChristopher and Brenda BrooksÉducation Géoscientifique en Action

Exploring Spaceship Earth Kit 2: Rocks and minerals

Student Workbook

A Geoscience Kit based on the topics outlined in the Science and Technology Program for primary schools in Quebec.

A Geoscience Kit for Quebec primary schools

byChristopher BrooksUniversité de MontréalandBrenda BrooksOntario College of Teachers

2nd edition:

Copyright © 2013 AESI

All rights reserved

No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means without the prior written consent of the authors.

Composition and illustrationsMartin Brooks SolutionsMontreal, QC, CANADÁmb-pc.com

Typesetting configuration Nur Erdem ([email protected])

Published in CanadaPrinted in United States

ISBN 978-1-927657-23-2

2 When I grow up The work of geoscientists can be very exciting

3 Workshop 1Off to the volcanoes with you !

11 Workshop 2Just take it for granite !

19 Workshop 3Incredible adventures of a piece of quartz

27 Workshop 4Down among the dead beds

35 Workshop 5From nice granite to granite gneiss

43 Workshop 6The quest for calcite

51 Workshop 7Itsi-bitsi explores Spaceship Earth

Contents

A paleontologist looks for rocks with fossils like the bones of dinosaurs.

A climatologist likes to study limestones found in the caves.

A marine geologist uses a submersible to collect rocks and

minerals.

A geographer makes maps that help us understand the surface of Spaceship

Earth.A volcanologist studies active volcanoes.

When I grow upThe work of geoscientists can be very exciting. Here are some examples for you to think about!

3

Glossary of terms in Workshop 1

active volcano: a volcano which is erupting or has erupted in the last 10,000 years.

andesite: an igneous rock formed when lava from a cone volcano cools.

basalt: an igneous rock formed when lava from a shield volcano cools.

chimney: a vertical passage through which molten rock reaches the surface of Spaceship Earth (see vent).

geological hazards: Extreme natural events occurring on the crust of Spaceship Earth which threaten the lives and property of people; earthquakes, hurricanes, tidal waves and landslides are examples. igneous rock: formed by the cooling of molten rock; one of the three types of rock.

lava: red-hot molten rock that pours out of volcanoes.

profile: a side view (of a mountain or a school house).

shield volcano: a very large volcano with gentle slopes.

summit: the top of a mountain.

vent: the hole where molten rock escapes from the chimney onto the surface of Spaceship Earth.

volcanic cone: a steep sided volcano; much smaller than a shield volcano.

volcanic rock: an igneous rock formed by the rapid cooling of lava.

Student name (s):

Workshop 1:Off to the volcanoes with you !

3

Student workbook

4 ■ Activity 1

Climbing the volcanoes

slope =

1000 m

1 km

Box 2: Profile of a volcanic cone

slope =

2 km

5 km

Box 1: Profile of a shield volcano

5 ■ Multiple choice questions

Use an X to mark the choice you think is correct.

Question Nº1Which of these volcanoes looks more like the one you would see in a movie?

a. ( ) Shield volcano.b. ( ) Volcanic cone.

Question Nº2What do you find unusual about the shield volcano ?

a. ( ) It’s hard to see where the vent is.b. ( ) The sides of the volcano are very gently sloped. c. ( ) Both a. and b.

Question Nº3What slope did you measure for the shield volcano ?

a. ( ) 10° b. ( ) 20° c. ( ) 35°

Question Nº4What slope did you measure for the volcanic cone ?

a. ( ) 10° b. ( ) 20° c. ( ) 35°

Question Nº5What do your angles mean ?

a. ( ) The shield volcano has the steepest slope. b. ( ) The volcanic cone has the steepest slope.

6Question Nº6From the scales for height and distance, which of the volcanoes is the biggest?

a. ( ) Shield volcano. b. ( ) Volcanic cone.

Question Nº7You will get a prize if you climb either one of the volcanoes, but you have only a few hours to do it. Which one would you choose to climb?

a. ( ) The shield volcano.b. ( ) Volcanic cone.

Question Nº8What is the colour of basalt ?

a. ( ) Grey.b. ( ) Black.

Question Nº9What other features can you see in the basalt ?

a. ( ) Big crystals.b. ( ) No crystals or tiny, tiny crystals.

Question Nº10What is the colour of andesite?

a. ( ) Grey.b. ( ) Black.

7Question Nº11What is andesite lava like ?

a. ( ) Sticky.b. ( ) Runny.c. ( ) I don’t know because my dog ate the toothpaste.

Question Nº12What is basalt lava like ?

a. ( ) Sticky.b. ( ) Runny.c. ( ) I don’t know because Dad ate all the syrup with his pancakes.

Question Nº13Now you know what andesite lava is like, what sort of volcano would it build ?

a. ( ) Small volcanoes with steep slopes.b. ( ) Large volcanoes with gentle slopes.

Question Nº14Now you know what basalt lava is like, what sort of volcano would it build ?

a. ( ) Small volcanoes with steep slopes. b. ( ) Large volcanoes with gentle slopes.

Question Nº15From your observations, which rocks were made by each of the types of volcano ?

a. ( ) Basalt comes from shield volcanoes, andesite comes from volcanic cones. b. ( ) Basalt comes from volcanic cones, andesite comes from shield volcanoes.

Concept words:

shield volcanoesbasaltvolcanic cones

andesitelargesmall

steeply slopedgently slopedexplosive

non-explosive

8 ■ Activity 6

Concept map

Instructions: Spooks wants you to start a new concept map about volcanoes. All the keywords are listed below and all you have to do is write them in the balloons where they belong. Spooks has already put some of the keywords on his tree diagram just to help you out. Good old Spooks !

Volcanoes

shield volcanoes

which are

which produce which produce

which are

steeply sloped

Can be divided into:

9 ■ Mind Stretcher: Word Tiles

Instructions: Unscramble these mixed up word tiles and reveal a message. If the message is a question, correctly answer it to solve the puzzle. Each word tile contains 4 letters. Blank spaces in the tiles are spaces between words in the message.

Answer:

S H I P N A M E E A R E S T

O F B I G G

T H E

V O L C

P A C E

I S

T H E

O N S

W H A T

W H A T

A N O

T H ?

Word tiles :

Solution :

10

Space for making notes:

11

Student name(s):

Student Workbook


crystallize: when a solid forms from a liquid.

feldspar: the most common mineral in the crust of Spaceship Earth; it has two different cleavage surfaces so it breaks into bricks with rough ends.

granite: an igneous rock with big crystals formed by the slow cooling of magma.

lava: magma that reaches the surface of Spaceship Earth and forms lava flows.

irregular shape: no definite shape, can be rough.

magma: molten rock from deep inside Spaceship Earth; when it cools it forms igneous rocks (see lava).

mica: a mineral that has one cleavage direction so it occurs as flat plates that can be split into flakes.

plutonic rocks: igneous rocks formed when magma cools slowly to form crystals that are easy to see.

tombstones: grave markers

Workshop 2:Just take it for granite!

12 ■ Activities 1 and 2

Pieces in the rock-puzzle and names of the pieces

Table of Properties for the Rock-Puzzle Pieces

Property Pink piece Black piece Grey piece

Lustre(glassy or metallic)

Hardness(harder or softer than the nail)

Shape(bricks, flat plates, or irregular pieces)

Mineral name

13 ■ Activity 3

The granite table

MineralHow much in the granite?

(choices: “a lot” and “a little”)

Mica

Quartz

Feldspar

■ Multiple choice questions


Question Nº1Which of the rock-puzzle pieces is softer than a nail ?

a. ( ) Black pieces.b. ( ) Pink pieces.c. ( ) Grey pieces.

Question Nº2What is the lustre shared by each of the rock-puzzle pieces ?

a. ( ) Metallic.b. ( ) Glassy.

14Question Nº3What is the colour of the rock-puzzle pieces shaped like bricks ?

a. ( ) Black. b. ( ) Grey.c. ( ) Pink.

Question Nº4What is the shape of the grey, rock-puzzle pieces ?

a. ( ) Irregular. b. ( ) Bricks.c. ( ) Flat plates.

Question Nº5What is the shape of the black, rock-puzzle pieces ?

a. ( ) Irregular. b. ( ) Bricks.c. ( ) Flat plates.

Question Nº6What is the mineral in the granite that forms flat, black crystals with sharp edges ?

a. ( ) Mica.b. ( ) Quartz.c. ( ) Feldspar.

Question Nº7What is the mineral in the granite that forms pink, brick-like crystals ?


Question Nº8What is the mineral in the granite that forms irregular, grey crystals ?


15Question Nº9Which pair of minerals makes up most of the red granite ?

a. ( ) Quartz and mica.b. ( ) Quartz and feldspar.c. ( ) Mica and feldspar.

Question Nº10If a mineral in the red granite has a nice shape, what does it tell you about when it formed ?

a. ( ) Early when there was lots of space in the molten rock.b. ( ) Late when most of the space in the molten rock was filled with crystals.

Question Nº11 Does the quartz in the granite have six-sided crystals ?

a. ( ) No.b. ( ) Yes.

Question Nº12From the shape of the crystals, what can you say about when quartz crystallized in the magma ?

a. ( ) Early. b. ( ) Late.

Question Nº13From the shape of their crystals, what can you say about when mica and feldspar crystallized in the magma ?

a. ( ) Early, because they both form nicely shaped crystals.b. ( ) Late, because they both form irregular crystals.

Question Nº14From your observations what was the order of crystallization of the minerals in the granite magma ?

a. ( ) Mica and quartz formed first, followed by feldspar. b. ( ) Mica and feldspar formed first, followed by quartz.

Concept words:

volcanic igneous rocks

plutonic igneous rocks

andesite

basalt

granite

mica

quartz

feldspar

Magma

16 ■ Activity 7

Concept map

Time for another concept map and this one’s about what can happen to magma as it cools. Your old friend Spooks has listed all the keywords from Workshop 2 and he has even put a couple of them on his tree diagram for you.

cools

basalt

slowly to formquickly to form

mica

examples examples

made of

17

Answer: No, because

■ Mind Stretcher: Word Tiles

Instructions: Unscramble these mixed up word tiles and reveal a message. If the message is a question, correctly answer it to solve the puzzle. Each word tile contains 4 letters. Blank spaces in the tiles are spaces between words in the message.

L A R F R O M A M A G

L L E D I S I L O W S T C A

W H E N

Word tiles :

Solution :

A N O V A ? M A F V O L C

18


19

Student workbook


bed : a layer of sediment of the same type such as sand or clay; deposited at the same time in layers from centimetres to metres thick, it will become a bed of sedimentary rock.

clay : a sediment composed of very tiny particles that are too small to be seen by the naked eye.

erosion : the movement of materials by the action of rivers and streams, glaciers and gravity.

expand : the increase in volume (size) of a liquid or solid when it is heated.

sandstone : a sedimentary rock formed by burying a sediment consisting mostly of quartz grains, which become cemented together due to squeezing.

sediment : particles like sand or gravel that are transported by rivers, streams or wind and are then dropped (deposited).

sedimentary rock : forms when the grains of minerals and bits of other rocks accumulate as sediments and then get cemented together to form a hard rock.

weathering : the breaking of a solid rock into smaller and smaller pieces due the action of heat, rain, cold, and gravity.

Student name(s)

Workshop 3:Incredible Adventures of a piece of quartz

20 ■ Activity 5

Sandy sediment


Use an X to mark the choice you think is correct .

Question Nº1What happens to the cracks as water dissolves minerals on either side ?

a. ( ) They get smaller. b. ( ) They get bigger.

Question Nº2What happens to the bits of granite as the cracks get bigger ?

a. ( ) Gravity causes them to break off and slide into the valley. b. ( ) They just stay where they are.

Grains in sand A Grains in sand B

Box 1: The shape of sand grains in beach sands

21Question Nº3What happens to the granite bits as they slide into the valley ?

a. ( ) They are going to stick together on the side of the mountain. b. ( ) They crash into each other and break into smaller and smaller chips.

Question Nº4What happens to quartz and feldspar when a big boulder of granite drops on them ?

a. ( ) Quartz breaks into irregular fragments. b. ( ) Feldspar breaks into lots of tiny bricks. c. ( ) Both a. and b.

Question Nº5What happens to mica when a big boulder drops on it ?

a. ( ) It breaks into lots of flat flakes. b. ( ) It breaks into irregular fragments.

Question Nº6Which is the tough guy, quartz or feldspar ?

a. ( ) Quartz. b. ( ) Feldspar.

Question Nº7As the minerals in our trio bounce together while the river carries them along, one of the minerals will become separated and ground up. Which one is it ?

a. ( ) Mica. b. ( ) Feldspar. c. ( ) Quartz.

Question Nº8Why is quartz the most resistant of the minerals carried by the river ?

a. ( ) Because it is the hardest. b. ( ) Because it has no cleavage weaknesses.c. ( ) Both a. and b.

Question Nº9What shape will the quartz fragments be after they get bashed and chipped ?

a. ( ) All sorts of irregular shapes. b. ( ) Smooth pebbles.

22Question Nº10As the river continues to move our quartz pebble towards the sea, what do you think will happen to it ?

a. ( ) It will get smaller and smaller until it becomes a round grain of quartz. b. ( ) It will get rougher and rougher until it becomes a jagged piece of quartz.

Question Nº11Does the shape of the grains in the sand support you answer to Question Nº10 ?

a. ( ) Yes, they are all like tiny balls (spheres). b. ( ) No, they are all irregular, angular shapes.

Question Nº12Are there any black mica grains in the beach sand ?

a. ( ) Yes. b. ( ) No.

Question Nº13Are there any pink feldspar grains in the beach sand ?

a. ( ) Yes but not a lot. b. ( ) None at all.

Question Nº14Your mom wants to take you to a beach you have never seen next summer. What can you tell here about it ?

a. ( ) It's mostly made of smooth quartz grains Mom. b. ( ) Mom bring your boots those grains will be sharp !

Question Nº15Which of the following best describes your sandstone sample ?

a. ( ) It looks like grains of sugar cemented together.b. ( ) It’s a rock made of quartz grains which scratch glass. c. ( ) Both a. and b.

Concept words:

quartz bits

mica bits

feldspar bits

round grains

sandy sediment

sediment made of tiny particles

sandstone

clay

From granite to sandstone

weathering (freeze and thaw)

transport by rivertransport by river

sandy sediment

clay

burial called

23 ■ Activity 7

Concept map

Spooks is relaxed and ready to help you do a tricky concept map about how a granite is transformed to sandstone, a sedimentary rock. Luckily Spooks has made a list of all the keywords and has put some of them in their proper balloons so that you don’t make any mistakes.

24 ■ Mind stretcher: Crossword

Instructions: Solve each word clue to find the crossword and print it in the puzzle. If you need help solving the clue, look at the words in the Glossary for this workshop.

Across

1. What water will do when it freezes2. Sedimentary rock made of sand grains3. What a river drops when it slows4. What causes bits of granite to slide downhill5. Found as flakes

Down

1.Toughest mineral in granite2. Sediment deposited on the seashore3. Removal of materials by rivers 4. Sediment deposited in deep water

2 2

1 3 3

4

4

5

1

25


26


27

Student workbook

Glossary of terms in Workshop 10:

bed: a layer of sediment formed by the settling of bits of rocks, minerals or fossils; will eventually become a bed of sedimentary rock.

Davy Jones’ Locker: pirate’s word for the deep ocean, the resting-place of drowned pirates.

ledger: old-fashioned name for a thick book with thick pages.

ledger rock: a sedimentary rock with clear bedding that looks like pages in a book.

fossils: any evidence of a plant or animal that has been preserved in a rock.

limestone: a sedimentary rock made by the accumulation of organic material in the sea.

paleontology: the study of ancient life through fossils preserved in rocks.

sediment: the soft material formed by the settling of rock or mineral bits or the hard parts made by organisms; examples are clay, mud or sand.

Student name(s):

Workshop 4:Down among the dead beds

28 ■ Activity 1

Ledger rock

Box 1: Drawing of ledger rock, a limestone

■ Activities 1 to 4

The rock table

Name Description Will it scratch glass? (yes or no)

Will it scratch a coin? (yes or no)

Ledger rock

Massive limestone

Fossiliferous limestone

29 ■ Activity 7

Rebuilding the fossils



Question Nº1What feature makes these rocks stand out ?

a. ( ) Thin, straight, grey and beige lines on the surface.b. ( ) Thin, wavy, grey and beige lines on the surface.

Box 2: Pieces of fossils on a complete example from the fossiliferous limestone

30Question Nº2Are these lines just on the surface or do they go right through the rock ?

a. ( ) Just on the surface. b. ( ) Right through the rock.

Question Nº3From your observation, what is the correct name for these lines ?

a. ( ) Parallel scratches. b. ( ) Thin beds.

Question Nº4Why did you think ledger rock got its name ?

a. ( ) Because the lines on the surface look like pages in a book. b. ( ) Because the lines on the surface look like writing.

Question Nº5Ledger rock is popular for landscaping. Why ?

a. ( ) Because it forms flat pieces that would be good for garden paths. b. ( ) Because it would make a great, flat patio for a garden table. c. ( ) Both a. and b.

Question Nº6Which of the following best describes the massive limestone ?

a. ( ) Smooth rock with no mineral grains visible. b. ( ) Rough rock with lots of mineral grains visible.

Question Nº7In what way is the massive limestone different from ledger rock ?

a. ( ) It shows no bedding. b. ( ) It is very uniform. c. ( ) Both a. and b.

Question Nº8In what way is fossiliferous limestone different from the massive limestone and ledger rock ?

a. ( ) There are lots of small, sparkly mineral grains. b. ( ) It contains fossils. c. ( ) Both a. and b.

31Question Nº9Are the three limestones harder or softer than glass ?

a. ( ) Harder. b. ( ) Softer.

Question Nº10Are the three limestones harder or softer than the copper coin ?

a. ( ) Harder. a. ( ) Softer.

Question Nº11The quartz grains in sandstone are harder than glass. What does this tell you about the mineral in the limestones ?

a. ( ) They are not made of quartz. b. ( ) They are made of a mineral that is softer than quartz. c. ( ) Both a. and b.

Question Nº12Which of the following is the best description for the fossils in your rock ?

a. ( ) Complete shells. b. ( ) Only pieces of broken shells.

Question Nº13Which of the following would be the most likely explanation for your answer to question Nº12 ?

a. ( ) Fish chewed up the shells and spat out the bits. b. ( ) Waves breaking on the ancient seashore broke the shells to pieces.

Question Nº14Are there enough pieces of shell fossils to build a complete fossil shell ?

a. ( ) No. b. ( ) Yes.

Question Nº15Which of the following is the best summary of your observations of fossils ?

a. ( ) Fossils are not common even in rocks made entirely of the remains of living organisms. b. ( ) Even when fossils are preserved they are rarely complete.c. ( ) Both a. and b.

Concept words:

marine organisms

hard parts

skeletons

shells

limestone

ledger rock

fossiliferous limestone

massive limestone

organic sediment

coral

32 ■ Activity 8

Concept map

Spooks has a new concept map for you all about how limestone is formed by organisms in the sea. Your list of keywords is at the bottom of the page and Spooks has put some of them in their proper balloons to help you out.

How limestone forms:

marine organisms

that contain

It is made by:

exam

ples

shells

which accumulate

as

that changes to

examples

massive limestone

NON

NE

S

EO

SESO

33 ■ Mind stretcher: hidden words

Instructions: Find the following words in the word grid. One of these words is pointing to the north east (NE). Use the compass to find out which one it is.

D K J C X S N Z I D M Y L L Z

B F Q D Q E P S V N G U M W S

R W B B E D I K F O L V J X M

X B L E M I R C L I N D G O S

S F E D D M A O Z W G O Z H Z

T V D H Z E T R E L Y V E L J

H L G Q U N E H F L M L D R U

S U E N O T S E M I L V G X Q

L L R E M A X W K S Y S K X K

D X L W K R E T T S X P X C M

E A L Y Y Y D Z I O Z U V O I

P R V A X M A S J F U M C Y P

Mots cachés:

Hidden Words:BEDFOSSILLEDGERLIMESTONE

PALEONTOLOGYPIRATES ROCKSEDIMENTARY

SHELLS

Solution: The northeast pointing word is:

34


35

Student Workbook

Glossary of terms in Workshop 12:

crust: the surface layer of Spaceship Earth.

gneiss (nice): a metamorphic rock with distinct bands of different colour an composition.

metamorphic rock: a rock made by changing a parent rock due to high temperature and pressure (squeezing)

parent rock: the rock before it was metamorphosed.

recrystallize: a physical change which takes place when the atoms in a mineral rearrange themselves.

texture: the size, shape and arrangement of crystals in a rock. The arrangement of crystals where they all merge together is called igneous texture.

Workshop 5:From nice granite to granite gneiss

Student name(s):

36Mots cachés:

Box 1: Drawing of the red gneiss

■ Activity 7

Gneiss and granite comparison table

Property Red granite Red gneiss

Arrangement of crystals

Grain size

Minerals

■ Activity 5 How are the crystals arranged?



Question Nº1What happens to the mountains as they get more and more scrunched up ?

a. ( ) They get pushed higher and higher. b. ( ) They get pushed lower and lower.

Question Nº2As the mountains scrunch up, what happens to the rocks under the mountains ?

a. ( ) They get buried under the weight of more and more rock. b. ( ) They get squeezed under the weight of more and more rock. c. ( ) Both a. and b.

Question Nº3What else happens to these poor squished rocks ?

a. ( ) They get heated up a bit. b. ( ) They get heated up a lot.

Question Nº4How do these rocks react to being heated and squished like this ?

a. ( ) They change to metamorphic rocks. b. ( ) They change their mind.

Question Nº5What is the grain size of the red granite ?

a. ( ) Coarse-grained. b. ( ) Fine-grained.

Question Nº6Are the crystals in the red granite arranged in a special pattern ?

a. ( ) No. b. ( ) Yes.

38Question Nº7What are the minerals making up the granite ?

a. ( ) Quartz and feldspar. b. ( ) Quartz, feldspar and mica.

Question Nº8Which minerals make up the gneiss ?

a. ( ) Quartz, feldspar and mica. b. ( ) Feldspar and mica.

Question Nº9How are the crystals in the red gneiss arranged ?

a. ( ) In different-coloured bands. b. ( ) In different-coloured stripes.

Question Nº10What is the grain size of the gneiss ?

a. ( ) Coarse-grained.b. ( ) Fine-grained.

Question Nº11How does the grain size of the gneiss differ from the granite ?

a. ( ) Coarse-grained.b. ( ) Fine-grained.

Question Nº12In what ways are the red granite and red gneiss similar ?

a. ( ) Colour and mineral composition. b. ( ) Colour and grain size.

39Question Nº13In what ways are the red granite and red gneiss different ?

a. ( ) Colour and grain size. b. ( ) Grain size and how the minerals are arranged.

Question Nº14Which of the following best describes what happened to the red granite as it was metamorphosed to gneiss ?

a. ( ) Its colour changed and new minerals were formed. b. ( ) The minerals recrystallized to smaller grains which were arranged in bands.

Question Nº15From your observations of what happens as the red granite changes to gneiss, what sort of change do you think recrystallization is ?

a. ( ) Physical change. b. ( ) Chemical change.

40 ■ Activity 8

Concept map: The rock cycle puzzle

The igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks you have studied in Workshops 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 are linked together in a ‘Rock Cycle’. In this cycle, geological processes change one rock type to another. To understand this cycle and complete the puzzle, just complete the following steps :

➤ Step 1: Read the content in each numbered box on this page. ➤ Step 2: Decide where each box fits in the Rock Cycle shown on pages 40 and 41 of your

Workbook and write its number in the empty box at that point in the cycle. ➤ Step 3: When you have finished, can you find any other links in the Rock Cycle? There

are three of them and if you can find them, show the links with dashed arrows.

Box 1:Erupting volcanoes make IGNEOUS ROCK like andesite.

Box 2: Even more heat and pressure will melt metamorphic rocks and form new magma.

Box 3:

Rocks buried deep under mountains are changed by heat and pressure to METAMORPHIC ROCKS like gneiss.

Box 4:Deep inside Spaceship Earth, heat and pressure melts solid rock and forms magma.

Box 5:As sediments get buried under more sediment they get squeezed and the water in them is forced out and they become compacted to form beds of hard SEDIMENTARY ROCK like sandstone.

Box 6:Erosion by gravity, streams and rivers moves bits and pieces of minerals and rock and deposits them as layers of soft, wet SEDIMENT like sand.

Box 7:Weathering in mountains (like freeze and thaw) makes igneous rocks crumble and fall to pieces.

Box:

Box:

Box: Box:

Box:

Box:

Box:

41 ■ The Rock Cycle Puzzle

42


43

Student workbook


vinegar : a weak acid which has a distinct sour taste that makes it popular in salad dressing.

Workshop 6:The quest for calcite

Student name (s):

44 ■ Activities 1 and 2

Detecting calcite

Properties table

Mineral Reacts with vinegar (yes or no)

Scratches glass (yes or no)

Calcite

Quartz

■ Activities 3 to 9

Quest for calcite

Calcite detection Table

Rock name Reacts with vinegar(yes or no)

Softer than glass(yes or no)

Igneous rocksBasalt

Andesite

Red granite

Metamorphic rocks

Red gneiss

Garnet gneiss

Sedimentary rocks

Sandstone

Ledger rock

Massive limestone

Fossiliferous limestone



Question Nº1Does quartz react with vinegar ?

a. ( ) Yes. b. ( ) No.

Question Nº2Does calcite react with vinegar and if so how does it react ?

a. ( ) Yes, it bubbles.b. ( ) No, it does not react.

Question Nº3How does quartz differ from calcite in hardness ?

a. ( ) Quartz is softer than glass, calcite is harder. b. ( ) Quartz is harder than glass, calcite is softer.

Question Nº4What is the best way to detect the presence of calcite ?

a. ( ) Test for hardness.b. ( ) Test for both hardness and reaction with vinegar.

Question Nº5Based on their reaction to vinegar, can you detect calcite in any of the igneous rocks ?

a. ( ) No. b. ( ) Yes.

Question Nº6Does the hardness of the igneous rocks agree with their reaction to vinegar ?

a. ( ) No. b. ( ) Yes.

Question Nº7Based on their reaction to vinegar, can you detect calcite in the metamorphic rocks?

a. ( ) No. b. ( ) Yes.

46Question Nº8Does the hardness of the metamorphic rocks agree with their reaction to vinegar ?

a. ( ) No. b. ( ) Yes.

Question Nº9Based on their reaction to vinegar, can you detect calcite in any of the sedimentary rocks ?

a. ( ) No, not in any of them. b. ( ) Yes, in all of them except sandstone.

Question Nº10For those sedimentary rocks that react with vinegar, does their hardness confirm the presence of calcite ?

a. ( ) No they are all harder than a glass plate. b. ( ) Yes they are softer than glass as they should be.

Question Nº11In the case of sandstone does its hardness confirm the absence of calcite?

a. ( ) No it is softer than a glass plate.b. ( ) Yes it’s harder than a glass plate as it should be.

Question Nº12Which type of rock is most likely to contain calcite ?

a. ( ) Sedimentary rocks. b. ( ) Igneous rocks. c. ( ) Metamorphic rocks.

Question Nº13Which type of sedimentary rock is most likely to contain calcite?

a. ( ) Sedimentary rocks like sandstone. b. ( ) Sedimentary rocks made by life.

Concept word:

Reaction with vinegar

Minerals

example

colour

hardness

density

opacityfracture

lustre

cleavage

opaque

translucenttransparentglassymetallicdull

faces

edges

vertices

crystalshape

streak

quartzcrystal

whi

ch h

ave

types

types

The properties are:

47 ■ Activity 10

Concept Map

You are now ready to finish the last concept map for the properties of minerals in Kit 1. There is one branch left on old Spooks and he has drawn an oval at the end of it. Write in the last keyword and this concept map is complete. Well done, Spooks is very pleased.

NON

NE

S

EO

SESO

48

Question: Which is the only word pointing in a southwest direction?

Answer:

■ Mind stretcher: hidden words

Instructions: Find the following words in the word grid. Mark the direction each word is pointing and then answer the question at the bottom of the puzzle.

I A W A B P D K L T S O R J F

J K U O Z Y I U C T Y C T C C

H M C U H C L V E W Y U X W I

R J M W Q G A M V A P H J T A

O T X Q U L B L F A E A Y N E

R S J Z A N I R C C A R B O N

K E T H R A G E N I V D E G G

Q T Q E T A L P O D T N V L X

L Y O H Z D I O X I D E A S V

C K J G W L S F J C Z S S J M

P I Y A O M X E F S S S N T Z

P X Q W M V M U R V B P Z R C

Hidden Words:CALCITE

QUARTZ

GLASS PLATE

VINEGAR

HARDNESS

ACID TEST

CARBON DIOXIDE

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Student workbook

Workshop 7:Itsi-bitsy explores Spaceship Earth

Student name (s):

■ Activity 1

Getting your spider diagram organized

galena pyrite

quartz mica

feldspar sulphur

53graphite basalt

andesite granite

sandstone limestone

gneiss fossils

lead iron

aluminium electron

nucleus

The ingredients of Spaceship Earth ■ Activity 2

Making word balloons for level 3 keywords

Minerals

Elements Compounds

Sedimentary rocks

Metamorphic rocks

Volcanic rocks

Plutonic rocks

Organic sediments

Sandy sediments

Igneous rocks

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Documents

Exploring Spaceship Earth - pdf.geo-science.orgpdf.geo-science.org/quebec/ENFeb2016/kit 2 student workbook-feb8 … · Spaceship Earth (see vent). geological hazards: Extreme natural