Exploring American HistoryExploring American History

Unit VII- The Beginning of Unit VII- The Beginning of Modern AmericaModern America

Chapter 23 Section 4Chapter 23 Section 4Establishing PeaceEstablishing Peace

Establishing PeaceEstablishing PeaceThe Big Idea

The United States and the victorious Allied Powers clashed over postwar plans.

Main Ideas The costs of war included millions of human lives

as well as financial burdens. President Woodrow Wilson and European leaders

met to work out a peace agreement. The U.S. Senate rejected the Treaty of Versailles.

Main Idea 1:Main Idea 1:The costs of war included millions of human lives as well as The costs of war included millions of human lives as well as

financial burdens.financial burdens.

CasualtiesCasualties

Allied: 5 million Allied: 5 million soldiers deadsoldiers dead

Central Powers: Central Powers: 3.5 million 3.5 million soldiers deadsoldiers dead

Russia and Russia and Germany had the Germany had the highest death highest death tolls.tolls.

Financial LossesFinancial Losses

$30 billion in $30 billion in property destroyedproperty destroyed

Allies: $145 billion Allies: $145 billion spentspent

Central Powers: Central Powers: $63 billion spent$63 billion spent

European nations European nations deeply in debtdeeply in debt

The Costs of WarThe Costs of War Analyze-Analyze- How many soldiers died How many soldiers died

from the Central Powers and the from the Central Powers and the Allies combined in World War I?Allies combined in World War I?

Draw Conclusions-Draw Conclusions- Which side Which side lost more money?lost more money?

ElaborateElaborate- What effect did the - What effect did the influenza epidemic have on influenza epidemic have on American Health?American Health?

Influenza EpidemicInfluenza Epidemic In 1918, a worldwide epidemic of influenza, worldwide epidemic of influenza,

or fluor flu. Extremely contagious Deadly Spread by air No known cure

Spread by American soldiers to civilians and then to Europe and beyond. 30 million people died from the virus worldwide.30 million people died from the virus worldwide. 800,000 Americans died800,000 Americans died

Changed life in the United StatesChanged life in the United States

• President Woodrow WilsonPresident Woodrow Wilson developed plans for a postwar peace agreement.– Fourteen PointsFourteen Points– League of NationsLeague of Nations, an international

assembly of nations.• European leadersEuropean leaders disagreed with Wilson’s

vision.– Wanted to punish Germanypunish Germany for its role in

the war– Wanted to prevent Germanyprevent Germany from ever

again becoming a world power

Main Idea 2:Main Idea 2: President Woodrow Wilson and European leaders President Woodrow Wilson and European leaders

met to work out a peace agreement.met to work out a peace agreement.

Key Goals of the Fourteen PointsKey Goals of the Fourteen Points

End secret End secret alliancesalliances

Encourage free Encourage free shippingshipping

Remove Remove barriers to barriers to tradetrade

Reduce armies Reduce armies and naviesand navies

Resolve colonial Resolve colonial claimsclaims

Support the right Support the right of people to of people to choose their own choose their own governmentgovernment

Settle border Settle border disputesdisputes

Establish the Establish the League of NationsLeague of Nations

Paris Peace ConferenceParis Peace Conference

No representatives from Russia or the Central PowersNo representatives from Russia or the Central Powers attended.

Wilson reluctantly agreed to this peace agreement, the Treaty Treaty of Versailles.of Versailles.

American and European leaders met at the Paris Peace American and European leaders met at the Paris Peace ConferenceConference, held at the palace of Versailles, near Paris

Allied leaders demanded that GermanyGermany– Accept complete blame for the warAccept complete blame for the war– Make reparations, or payments for war damagesMake reparations, or payments for war damages– Give up large parts of its territoryGive up large parts of its territory

RevengeRevenge

Conflicting Needs at the Peace Conflicting Needs at the Peace ConferenceConference

IndependenceIndependence

The delegates arrived at the Peace Conference with competing needs and desires.

Better WorldBetter World

The Peace AgreementThe Peace Agreement Identify-Identify- What leaders from What leaders from

which countries attended the which countries attended the Paris Peace Conference?Paris Peace Conference?

Explain-Explain- What two things did What two things did European leaders want to do to European leaders want to do to Germany?Germany?

Evaluate-Evaluate- Do you agree with the Do you agree with the reparations to be paid by reparations to be paid by Germany/ Why or why not?Germany/ Why or why not?

The Peace AgreementThe Peace Agreement Recall-Recall- Which organization Which organization

would work out problems would work out problems after the treaty was signed?after the treaty was signed?

Evaluate-Evaluate- Why might the Why might the formation of the League of formation of the League of Nations have been a good Nations have been a good idea?idea?

• German reparations of $33 billionGerman reparations of $33 billion• Established the League of NationsLeague of Nations• Estonia, Finland, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, Finland, Latvia, Lithuania,

Czechoslovakia, and YugoslaviaCzechoslovakia, and Yugoslavia became independent nations.

• PolandPoland was restored as a nation• Central Powers turned over their coloniesCentral Powers turned over their colonies

to the League of Nations.• Central Powers nations broken up

The Treaty of VersaillesThe Treaty of Versailles

Main Idea 3:Main Idea 3: The U.S. Senate rejected the The U.S. Senate rejected the

Treaty of Versailles.Treaty of Versailles. U.S. Constitution states that treaties must be

ratified by at least two-thirds of the Senate. Wilson presented the treaty to the Senate.

Senator Henry Cabot Lodge wanted the winners to set the terms of the peace and demanded changes.

Republicans were worried about the League of Nations’ power to use military force.

On November 19, 1919, the Senate voted and Senate voted and the Treaty of Versailles was defeatedthe Treaty of Versailles was defeated.

The United States signed separate peace United States signed separate peace treaties with Germany, Austria, and Hungarytreaties with Germany, Austria, and Hungary.

Versailles Treaty RejectedVersailles Treaty Rejected Recall-Recall- What interrupted What interrupted

Wilson’s treaty support tour?Wilson’s treaty support tour? Describe- Describe- What did Wilson do What did Wilson do

to pressure Republican to pressure Republican senators to vote for the treaty?senators to vote for the treaty?

Evaluate-Evaluate- Do you think it was Do you think it was important for the United States important for the United States to retain total control of its to retain total control of its military forces?military forces?

Imperialism

Events

PoliticalPolitical EconomicEconomicThe Impact of World War IThe Impact of World War I

SocialSocial