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Exploration Systems Mission Directorate
NASA Update
2004 MAPLD International Conference
Jim Nehman Deputy Associate AdministratorDevelopment ProgramsSeptember 8, 2004
2
The Vision for Space Exploration
Implement a sustained and affordable human and robotic program to explore the solar system and beyond
Extend human presence across the solar system, starting with a human return to the Moon by the year 2020, in preparation for human exploration of Mars and other destinations;
Develop the innovative technologies, knowledge, and infrastructures both to explore and to support decisions about the destinations for human exploration; and
Promote international and commercial participation in exploration to further U.S. scientific, security, and economic interests.
THE FUNDAMENTAL GOAL OF THIS VISION IS TO ADVANCE U.S. SCIENTIFIC, SECURITY, AND ECONOMIC INTEREST THROUGH A ROBUST
SPACE EXPLORATION PROGRAM
3
• Objectives
– Implement a sustained and affordable human and robotic program
– Extend human presence across the solar system and beyond
– Develop supporting innovative technologies, knowledge, and infrastructures
– Promote international and commercial participation in exploration
• Major Milestones
– 2008: Initial flight test of CEV
– 2008: Launch first lunar robotic orbiter
– 2009-2010: Robotic mission to lunar surface
– 2011: First Unmanned CEV flight
– 2014: First Crewed CEV flight
– 2012-2015: Jupiter Icy Moon Orbiter (JIMO) / Prometheus
– 2015-2020: First human mission to the Moon
Key Elements of the Vision
4
1. Return the Shuttle to safe flight as soon as practical, based on CAIB recommendations
2. Use Shuttle to complete ISS assembly
3. Retire the Shuttle after assembly complete (2010 target)
4. Focus ISS research to support exploration goals; understanding space environment and countermeasures
5. Meet foreign commitments
6. Undertake lunar exploration to support sustained human and robotic exploration of Mars and beyond
7. Series of robotic missions to Moon by 2008 to prepare for human exploration
8. Expedition to lunar surface as early as 2015 but no later than 2020
9. Use lunar activities to further science, and test approaches (including lunar resources) for exploration to Mars & beyond
10. Conduct robotic exploration of Mars to prepare for future expedition
11. Conduct robotic exploration across solar system to search for life, understand history of universe, search for resources
12. Conduct advanced telescope searches for habitable environments around other stars
13. Demonstrate power, propulsion, life support capabilities for long duration, more distant human and robotic missions
14. Conduct human expeditions to Mars after acquiring adequate knowledge and capability demonstrations
15. Develop a new Crew Exploration Vehicle; flight test before end of decade; human exploration capability by 2014
• Separate cargo from crew as soon as practical to support ISS; acquire crew transport to ISS after Shuttle retirement
• Pursue international participation
• Pursue commercial opportunity for transportation and other services
The Vision in Detail
5
Presidential Commission Recommendations
• Vision must be managed as National priority and shared commitment– By the President, Congress and the American people
– Establish permanent Space Exploration Steering Council
• NASA’s private sector relationship, organizational structure, business culture and management processes must be decisively transformed
– Larger presence of private industry in space operations• Preferred choice - but must be competitively awarded contracts• NASA’s role must be irrefutable government only effort
– Organization must be transformed into a leaner, more focused agency
– Centers should be reconfigured as FFRDCs
– Create 3 new organizations: technical advisory board; independent cost estimating group; research and technology organization
– Adopt proven management reforms to implement the vision• “System-of-systems” approach• Spiral, evolutionary development• Reliance on lead system integrators• Independent technical and cost assessments
• Other Recommendations– Pursue international partnerships
– Seek input from scientific community on exploration architectures
– Stimulate academic excellence in mathematics, science, and engineering
6
NASA TRANSFORMATION
• President’s Commission on Space Exploration Policy– “NASA needs to transform itself into a leaner, more focused agency…”
• Administrator O’Keefe Announced New Organization Structure– “…align Headquarters to eliminate ‘stove pipes’, promote synergy across the agency and
support the long term exploration vision in a way that’s sustainable and affordable.”
• Transform Strategic Enterprises into Mission Directorates– Aeronautics Research: Conduct research and develop aeronautical technologies for safe,
reliable and efficient aviation systems
– Science: Carry out scientific exploration of Earth, Moon, Mars and beyond; chart the best route of discovery; and reap the benefits of Earth and space exploration for society
– Space Operations: Direct space flight operations, space launches and space communications, as well as the operation of integrated systems in low-Earth orbit and beyond
– Exploration Systems: Develop capabilities and supporting research and technology that enable sustained and affordable human and robotic exploration; includes the biological and physical research to ensure the health and safety of crew during long duration space flight
7
Exploration Systems Mission Directorate
Deputy AASystems IntegrationD. Cooke
Associate Administrator (AA) for
Exploration Systems C. Steidle
Deputy AAVacant
Business Operations
Division DirectorD. Mabey (Acting)
Research &Tech Development
CapabilityDevelopment
Deputy AADev
Programs/PEOJ. Nehman
Deputy AAResearch
H. Ross
RequirementsFormulation
Division DirectorM. Lembeck
8
Development Programs
for Exploration Systems Deputy AA
Development Programs / Program Executive Officer (PEO)
CEV
Space Trans Systems
Supporting Surface Systems
Supporting In-space Systems
Nehman’s AcqBus to Hell
Exploration SystemsResearch & Tech
Human SystemResearch & Tech
Note 1 Transition Programs: X-37, Orbital Express,, DART, PAD, NGLT, OSP
Research & Technology
Development
HubbleService Mission
Constellation Systems
TransitionPrograms1
Nuclear Technology & Demonstration
“Project Prometheus”
Advanced Systems & Technology
Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter
Capability Development
Research &Technology Development
9
Constellation Program AcquisitionStrategy Overview (Baseline)
2015 (Objective)
2020 (Threshold)
Target
Moon
OSP
NGLT
Mars
PrometheusPrometheus
MS C Crewed
CEV Flight 2014
MS B Program Initiation
FY06
System Development &
Integration
Down Select
Design Readiness Review /Demo
2008
Un-crewed CEV Flight
2011
Pre MS A(RFI)
Q3 FY04•____•____•____•____•____•_
MS A Tech Dev’mt
(RFP) Q3 FY05
Pre-MS A Concept Ref
(BAA)Q4 FY04
•____•____•____•____
•____•____•____•_
System Development & Demonstration
Early Contractor Involvement
Tech Maturation
10
Cross-Agency, System of Systems Integration
Transit andLaunch Systems
CrewTransport
Launch
CrewSupport
Supporting Research
Resource Identificationand Characterization
Biomedical Countermeasuresand Limits
Surface andOrbital Systems
LandingSystems
SurfaceMobility
Comm/Nav
Commonality/EvolvabilityFor Future Missions
MarsCandidates
TelescopeCandidates
Outer Moons Candidates
Technology Options
Long-DurationHabitation
Surface Power andResource Utilization
Pre-PositionedPropellants
The Human: anEssential Element
of theSystem of Systems
11
Project Constellation Acquisition Spirals
Spiral nth?
04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2004 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
VisionVision
• CEV Init Flt• 1st Launch Lunar Robotic Orbiter
1st Crewed CEV Flt
1st Human Moon Mission
1st UncrewedCEV Flt
Mars (2020+)
Mars (2020+)
Spiral Nth
Systems Engineering
Critical Milestones Non-advocacy ReviewsIndependent Cost Reviews
Crewed Space Flight in LEO
Crewed Space Flight in LEO
Moon:
Ext. Duration
(2015-2020)
Moon:
Ext. Duration
(2015-2020)
Spiral 1
Spiral 2
Level 0, 1…
Requirements
Requirements
Level 0, 1…
System Demonstration
System Integration
DesignReadiness Review
CB
SRR SFR PDR CDR
System Demonstration
System Integration
DesignReadiness Review
CB
SRRSRR SFRSFR PDRPDR CDRCDR
Tech Maturation for
Spiral insertion
Tech Maturation for
Spiral insertion
Production &Deployment
Operations& SupportSystem
IntegrationSystem
Demonstration
System Development and DemonstrationDesign
ReadinessReview
FRPDecision
TechnologyDevelopment
OT&E
Concept Refinement
ConceptDecision
Production &Deployment
Operations& SupportSystem
IntegrationSystem
Demonstration
System Development and DemonstrationDesign
ReadinessReview
FRPDecision
TechnologyDevelopment
OT&E
Production &Deployment
Operations& SupportSystem
IntegrationSystem
Demonstration
System Development and DemonstrationDesign
ReadinessReview
FRPDecision
TechnologyDevelopment
OT&E
Concept Refinement
ConceptDecision
ProgramInitiation
Production &Deployment
Operations& SupportSystem
IntegrationSystem
Demonstration
System Development and DemonstrationDesign
ReadinessReview
FRPDecision
TechnologyDevelopment
OT&E
12
Development Programs Status
• Constellation Systems– Request for Information (RFI) released to industry, government, academia - completed– BAA for Concept Exploration & Refinement (CE&R) – selections completed
• Preliminary concepts for human lunar exploration in 2015-2020• Initial CEV concepts
– RFP for CEV Spiral 1 - release planned for Mar 2005– Determination of “System Integrator” strategy under study by NRC
• Project Prometheus (Nuclear Power and Propulsion Technologies)– Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter (JIMO) program strategy realigned with Constellation systems– Nuclear power / propulsion Level I requirements completed, Linked to Constellation – RFP for follow-on JIMO development released – award expected in Sep 2004
• Competition between three prime contractors – continued competition being pursued– Secretary of Energy tasked Office of Naval Reactors (NR) to support Project Prometheus
• Human & Robotic Technologies (H&RT)– Advanced Space Technology & Technology Maturation Programs
• Intramural (NASA Centers) competition for technology projects completed• Industry BAA for H & RT System-of-System technologies – first down-select completed• Follow-on BAA for H & RT Gap-filling technologies planned for Jan 2005
– FY 2004 SBIR / STTR contract awards for phase 1 projects underway
13
RFP / CEV Spiral 1
Near-Term Acquisition Strategy
FY 05Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
FY 04Q3 Q4
FY 08Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
FY 06Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
FY 07Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Iteration: 1 2 3 4
CEV Level 2
Industry Support
BAA / Tech Maturation / ASTPAwardRelease
System-of-Systems Technologies
Gap-filler Technologies
BAA
BAA
AwardRelease
CE&R BAA
AwardRelease Exercise Option
Release Center Tasks
CEV Level 1
BAA / Project Constellation – Concept Exploration & Refinement
RFI / Exploration Systems
Government Requirements Development
CEV RFP
Awd
2008 Demo Dev/Spiral 1 (2014 Manned Flight) Preliminary Design Contractor A
MS B - Program Initiation
2008 Demo Dev/Spiral 1 (2014 Manned Flight) Preliminary Design Contractor B
Rel
Detailed Design & Dev
SRR SDR PDR
System of Systems Integrator - Acquisition Strategy in Work
CEV Launch Vehicle - Acquisition Strategy in Work
MS A
IntramuralCall for Proposals
Draft Final
14
International Involvement
• Key Objective– Develop a sustained and affordable space exploration program utilizing
international space agencies and industry participation to achieve breakthroughs in technologies and space exploration
• Doing Business Differently– NASA International Coordination Team will define international strategy– Adopt lessons learned from a variety of international cooperation models – Identification and procurement of “best value” alternatives from international
industry and government– Deviation to H&RT BAA to allow direct funding by NASA to foreign researchers
• Working with Foreign Partners and Industry– Farnborough International, UK–July 2004
• Met with foreign partners and spoke to international industry
– International Astronautical Congress, Vancouver, Canada-October 2004• Follow-up meetings with partners to continue to gauge interest
– NASA International Exploration Workshop, Washington, DC-November 2004• Meet with a wide array of international space agencies to assess capabilities and next
steps for cooperation
Office of Exploration Systems
We’re not where we want to be, We’re not where we’re going to be,BUT we’re certainly not where we were yesterday.
16
Preparing for Mars Exploration
• Moon as a test bed to reduce risk for future human Mars missions
• Technology advancement reduces mission costs and supportsexpanded human exploration
• Systems testing and technology test beds to develop reliability in harsh environments.
• Expand mission and science surface operations experience and techniques
• Human and machine collaboration: Machines serve as an extension of human explorers, together achieving more than either can do alone
• Breaking the bonds of dependence on Earth: (e.g./Life Science/Closed loop life support tests)
• Power generation and propulsion development and testing• Common investments in hardware systems for Moon, Mars and other
space objectives
17
Effects of Radiation
• Carcinogenesis
• Synergistic effects with microgravity or environmental factors
• Late degenerative tissue effects
Physiological Changes
• Carcinogenesis due to immune system changes
• Occurrence of serious cardiac dysrhythmia
• Acceleration of age-related osteoporosis
• Manifestation of previously asymptomatic cardiovascular disease
• Toxic exposure
Behavior and Performance Problems
• Disorientation and inability to perform landing, egress, or other physical tasks, especially during/after G-level changes
• Poor psychosocial adaptation
• Sleep & circadian rhythm problems
Medical Practice Problems
• Trauma & acute medical problems
• Illness & ambulatory health problems, renal stone formation
• Toxic exposure
The Human System: Types of Biomedical Risks Being Evaluated
18
Sustaining the Vision
• How do you sustain the funding and support for the Vision during 30 budget cycles, 8 presidential elections, and many congresses?
– Have a united front from Internal NASA, Industry, Academia, Researchers, Scientific and Engineering Communities
– Develop clear and consistent messages
– Engage broader communities
– Deliver on commitments / responsible stewards of taxpayer $$
– Educate, inspire, and motivate the public
19
• It is affordable and sustainable – Paced by experience, technology readiness and flexibility
– Establishing Stepping Stones
– Developing Building Blocks – technology to enable each successive steps
– Employing New Approaches – spiral development – build and test
– Fiscal Acquisition Management – Disciplined
• It is focused and achievable– Responds to the nation’s call for a long term space vision
– We have an integrated agency approach
– We have the talent, experience and leadership – recent successes and demonstrated management reforms
– We have the passion and commitment to succeed
-
One Step at a Time