September 28, 2015

ExplorationLots of Key Concepts Being Covered Today

1. Europeans established overseas empires and trade networks through coercion and negotiation.1. The Portuguese established a commercial network along the African coast, in South and East Asia,

and in South America.2. The Spanish established colonies across the Americas, the Caribbean, and the Pacific, which made

Spain a dominant state in Europe.3. The Atlantic nations of France, England and the Netherlands followed by establishing their own

colonies and trading networks to compete with Portuguese and Spanish dominance.4. The competition for trade led to conflicts and rivalries among European powers.

2. Europe’s colonial expansion led to a global exchange of goods, flora, fauna, cultural practices and diseases, resulting in the destruction of some indigenous civilizations, a shift toward European dominance, and the expansion of the slave trade.

1. The exchange of goods shifted the center of economic power in Europe from the Mediterranean to the Atlantic states and brought the latter into an expanding world economy.

2. The exchange of new plants, animals and diseases – the Columbian Exchange – created economic opportunities for Europeans and facilitated European subjugation and destruction of indigenous peoples, particularly in the Americas.

September 28, 2015

What  are  some  of  the  BIGGEST  ideas  from  the  Renaissance  and  Reforma7on  that  changed  how  Europeans  think  and  act?

God

Glory

Gold

Why Explore??

September 28, 2015

Why was there a Need to Explore?Trade with Asia

Land Route Closed

New Technology

Silks and Spices: Europeans wanted to trade with Asia, especially India and China.

Has been common since the Medieval Era

Silk Road Closed:

In 1453 the Ottoman Turks captured Constantinoiple and ended the Silk Road.

Europeans needed to find a water-route to Asia

The Caravel ship

The Magnetic Compass

The astrolabe determined latitude

September 28, 2015

Quick Write! Answer the following prompt with a clear and specific thesis and at least three facts from your notes that back up your thesis.

Analyze the causes and effects of Portugal's role in exploration

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Country of Origin Goals Accomplishment

s

Bartolomue Dias Portugal Spread Christianity Gain fame and wealth

Sails around southern tip of Africa

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Prince Henry the Navigator

Portugal

Spread ChristianityObtain gold, jewels and spices from Africa/Asia

Helps create trading posts in AfricaSupports map-makers, astronomers, ship-builders

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Vasco da Gama Portugal Money, Fame

Explores East AfricaSouthwestern India27,000 mile voyageBrings back goods worth 60 times the amount of the cost of the trip

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Christopher Columbus

Spain (He is Italian)

Find a western route to Asia

Lands in the Caribbean

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Dutch East India Company Netherlands Make money

Trading posts throughout SE Asia; controlled southern tip of AfricaAs a result Amsterdam becomes a leading commercial center.

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English East India Company England Make money Trading posts in

IndiaFrench East India Company France Make money In IndiaNot

much success

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The “Columbian Exchange”

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September 28, 2015

Mercantilism• The economy and trade are essential to the health and safety of the nation.

• Government needs to get as much gold and silver as it can.• Establish a favorable balance of trade. (Sell more stuff than you buy)• Get colonies.• Keep wages low, which would drive down local consumption and encourage the exportation of finished products for profit.• Ultimate goal is to become a self-sufficient country.

September 28, 2015

Treasuresfrom the Americas!

Who benefits the most from mercantilism?• Monarchs• Merchant capitalists• Government officials

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The Colonial Class System

Peninsulares

Creoles

Mestizos Mulattos

Native Indians Black Slaves

Hacienda

Encomienda

Repartimento

Mita

September 28, 2015

The Influence of the Colonial Catholic Church

Guadalajara Cathedral

Our Lady of Guadalupe

Spanish Mission

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Rise of CapitalismEconomic system based on private ownership and the investment of resources, such as money, for profit.

Many merchants and private companies seek to make lots of money at this time.

September 28, 2015

Rise of CapitalismMercantilism - How governments gain wealth

Capitalism - How individuals/ businesses gain wealth

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Rise of CapitalismJoint Stock Companies - similar to modern day corporation

Many people invest in a single business - more investors mean a bigger business

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