Exploration and Colonization

Background Information

I. Objectives #1 A. Starting to Explore!

1. Marco Polo Traveled to China – told of great wealth

a. Gold, Spices, Silk 2. The RENAISSANCE (REBIRTH)

a. Europe begins to use knowledge again!!!

Leonardo

Who was named after…

Leonardo da Vinci

He painted the famous Mona Lisa

Michaelangelo

Who was named after….

Michaelangelo

Buonarroti

He painted the famous Sistine Chapel in the Vatican

Raphael Raphael Sanzio

(painter)

Donatello

b. NEW Inventions !!!

*Printing Press (More people

can read)

*Better Maps

*Astrolabe- Could tell your

latitude

*Better Ships- Travel farther

over open seas

Some of the first maps of the world showing North America (Early 1500’s)

B. Goals of Exploration: 1. Find DIRECT route to Asia

a. Make $$$ by trading with Asia (spices, no more rotten meat, ewwww!!) b. Cut out the middle man: TRADE directly with East

c. Spain becomes leader *1492 Columbus (Italian hired by Spain) finds land (Thinks he has reached India, hence INDIANS) *1498 de Gama (Portugal) reaches India

Vasco de Gama’s route to Asia

C. The ‘New’ World (North America) 1. Spain dominates southern portion of North America

a. Three Goals:1. GOD2. GLORY3. GOLD

b. Natives treated poorly (slaves) *ecomiendas: rights granted to Spanish to tax and enslave Natives D. New Nations Explore 1. Northwest Passage: a. Most Northern European nations believed India could be reached by going NW

Looking for a Northwest Passage to Asia

2. English Colonies a. Ruled by Charter & Compact (King grants company right to settle b. Goals: Find Gold /Religious Freedom c. Native Americans: Eng. needed their help*Pocahontas (Chiefs Daughter) / Pilgrims 3. French Colonies: a. Louisiana & New France (Ruled by King) b. Goals: Fur Trade (Catholic Missionaries) c. Native Americans: Worked well with them **Traded goods for furs and even joined tribes

Charter for Delaware

4. Dutch Colonies (New Netherlands) a. Ruled: local control b. Goals: Fur Trade and Trading *New Netherlands becomes big trade port (New York, today) c. Native Americans: Good / bought land (NY)

E. Native Americans deal with Europeans 1. Bad Overall!!!!!!!!!

a. Disease wipes out entire villages *No Flu in Americas until Explorersb. Tidal Wave of People!!!!!!

*No one could see Future = MILLIONS 2. Good & Bad

a. Spanish & English Worse *Spanish Slavery & English Wars b. French and Dutch Good *Trade and Buy treat more fair

The French traded weapons for furs

Obj #1: Describe the lifestyle of the New England colonies. Why was Plymouth* important? Be able to name and locate the colonies from this area: Name the first set of laws to be set-up in New England. As New England grew, how did many New Englanders begin to make their living

I. Objectives #1 A. The New England Colonies 1. Plymouth (1614) – Become Massachusetts a. Wanted religious freedom -Trying to start ‘City on the Hill’ (an example) b. Mayflower Compact (FIRST LAWS)

-Laws set-up on ships before reaching land c. Puritans- Very strict with religion, everyone must act the same (no funny stuff – it’s a sin!!!) 2. New Hampshire, Connecticut, Rhode Is., Massachusetts. 3. Far North East part of English Colonies

Plymouth

Mayflower Compact

Recreation of Plymouth Colony

Plymouth rock (REALLY overrated, seriously, just look at the picture and it is better than actually being there!!!

B. Established: Mainly for Religious Reasons 1. Puritans settle Massachusetts Bay (Plymouth) 2. No religious freedom to their own people

C. Way of Life: Small farms and Ocean Trade 1. Subsistence farming (just feeds family)

a. Land too Rocky & Winter too long for big farms 2. Ships (Goods to and from Colonies & Europe) 3. First schools established in New England

D. Native Americans: Helped & then Hurt a. Early settlers get a lot of help (Turkey

Day!) b. King Phillips War

*Native Fight over moving into Indian land. Leader (King Phillip) captured & Killed (his people were sold into slavery)

2. Describe the lifestyle of the Middle colonies. Be able to name and locate the colonies from this area: What country, before England, owned land in the Middle Colonies? What type of colonial government did these colonies begin as (Hint: someone owned them)? What was unique about Pennsylvania, give examples? What type of crops were grown in this region?

II. Objectives #2 A. The Middle Colonies 1. Pennsylvania, New York, New Jersey, Delaware. B. Established: Trade & Land Selling (Speculating) 1. New York taken from Netherlands 2. Trade very important, Land settlement 3. William Penn – Quaker/Religious Freedom a. Believed in non-violence, buying Indian land, and true religious freedom

C. Way of Life: Larger Farms & Business (Cash Crops)1. Cash Crops (Selling large crops for $)2. Start of Industry a. Small shops start making goods

D. Native Americans: Good & Bad1. New York, treated very bad (Many wars)2. Pennsylvania, very good by William Penn

(Bought land instead of taking it)

3. Describe the lifestyle of the Southern colonies. Why was Jamestown* important? Be able to name and locate the colonies from this area: What

crops were grown in the South? How did farmers in the Backwater differ from those in the Low Country? What type of labor grew as the colonies grew?

3. The Southern Colonies 1. Jamestown (1606) – Becomes Virginia

a. Charter from King to Settle (Like a Pass)b. Merchants wanted to find Gold -Colonist Lazy (Expected not to work) -Pocahontas & John Smith Save Colony

c. Tobacco Saves Colony -Crop learned from Natives sells to Europe-1st Slaves bought in Jamestown to work crop*FIRST ENGLISH COLONY TO SURVIVE

2. Maryland, Virginia, N. & S. Carolina, Georgia 3. Wooded, Swampy land great for huge farms

JOHN SMITH

He made an agreement with the Native Americans and forced the settlers to work harder and build better housing.

POCAHONTAS

She married John Rolfe, which helped to form peaceful relations with the colonists and the Native Americans.

B. Established: Trade & Land sales 1. Land for farmers 2. Georgia: Land 4 debtors/Buffer from Spanish FloridaC. Way of Life: Huge Farms (Large Plantations) 1. Plantations develop along coast & rivers

a. Northern areas: Tobacco (Back Water)b. Georgia/S. Carolina- Rice/Indigo (Low

Country) 2. Start of Slavery

a. Tobacco/Rice/Indigo very hard workb. New England Traders bring slaves from Africa on return trips of Triangle Trade

4. Explain why and where African Slavery began in the 13 English colonies. Name the first settlement and year that slaves were first brought to English Colonies. Describe and name the trip between Africa and America. What crops were slaves used to harvest?

A. Slavery in the Colonies 1. Starts 1st in Jamestown (But goes to all Colonies)

B. Shipped from Africa - W. Indies – South (Tri- Trade) 1. Middle Passage- Brutal trip across Atlantic

C. Southern use it the most (Tobacco, Rice, indigo)

Slave auctions

5. Describe how Mercantilism* worked. What trade route did Mercantilism operate on between the colonies, Europe and Africa? What reasons do most of

these colonies have in common for being founded? Describe how the home countries made money off this system (Use new markets & raw materials to

explain).A. Definition of Mercantilism 1. European countries use colonies to make $$$$$ 2. How? – Raw Materials shipped from colonies to Home Country (Lumber, Cotton) -Home Country makes them into something in Factories (Lumber into Furniture / Cotton into Fabric) -Home Country sells FINISHED GOOD back to ColoniesB. Triangle Trade: 1. Trade between Colonies/ Europe/ Africa 2. Trade route that Mercantilism worked on a. Trade done by New England Ships and Captains

Mercantilism Map

The Triangle Trade